英文翻译范例
AudreyHepburn,AnElegantSpirit翻译范例
Audrey Hepburn, An Elegant SpiritAlthough she was never an ardent follower of any formal religion, my mother’s own faith endured throughout her life: her faith in love, her faith in the miracle of nature, and her faith in the goodness of life. She honored this second chance at life at every opportunity that presented itself and most of all at the end of her life, through her work for UNICEF.Sometimes a near-death experience can free us of the shackles that life slowly trains us to wear. We come to reali ze what’s worth the sweat and what isn’t. Although she had no memory of her childhood near-death experience, the knowledge of it, coupled with the fertile ground of an already self-effacing nature, were the roots of the humility that graced her entire life.I never heard her say, “I did this,” or “I’ve done that.” Toward the end of her life, throughout the UNICEF years, I would hear her say regularly, as the world listened to her, “I can do very little.” I never heard her say that she liked any of her per formances. When people complimented her, she would always shy away and ultimately explain how those who surrounded her were the reason for her success.Bessie Anderson Stanley wrote, “To laugh often and much, to win the respect of intelligent people and affection of children, to earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends, to appreciate beauty, to find the best in others, to leave the world a bit better whether by a healthy child, a garden patch or a redeemed social co ndition, to know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived, this is to have succeeded.” By Ms. Stanley’s standards, my mother’s life was a success: She was graced with good choices. The first choice she made was her career. Then she chose her family. And when we, her children, were grown and had started our lives, she chose the less fortunate children of the world. She chose to give back. In that important choice lay the key to healing and understanding something that had affected her through out her entire life: the sadness that had always been there.Her choices healed the sadness of a little girl who didn’t know her father for most of her life and yet who yearned and longed for that warm embrace, that reassurance that you are loved and that you matter. When I look back, that is just what she gave to Luca and me: the reassurance that we were loved and that we mattered. This was the most valuable essence, the roots that live and grow forever inside you. She truly was a wonderful mother and friend.奥黛丽•赫本——一个优雅高尚的人母亲虽从未笃信过任何正统的宗教，但她自有其终生不渝的信仰：她相信爱，相信自然的神奇，相信生活的美好。
商务英语翻译案例1~3
商务英语翻译案例1~3证明与介绍信（Certificates & Letters of Introduction）引言：证明是介绍一个人某种情况的文件，介绍信是某单位派遣人员前往某处办事时介绍被派遣人员身份等的一种起介绍作用的信件。
此类信件也属于日常事务常用应用文。
范例1：CERTIFICATEThis is to certify Mr. Li Lin served as the sales manager of Dafei Electric Appliance Company Ltd. From 2002 to 2005. Having succeeded in raising yearly sales volume by 25%, Mr. Li distinguished himself for his diligence, integrity and morality, and conscientious discharge of all his duties.If I can further information, please feel free to write to me.Sincerely yoursLin BaohuaGeneral Manager 范例2：CERTIFICATE OF LEA VINGThis is to certify that Miss. Wang Li was employed in the General Manager’s Office as English secretary for the period October 2004 to August 2006, during which she proved herself to industrious and capable. She left us of her own accord.Sincerely yoursDavid ParkerGeneral Manager 范例3：Dear Sirs,We have the great pleasure of introducing to you, by this letter, Mr. David Li, a director of Messrs. Li & Co. Ltd., who is business friend of ours.Mr. Li is visiting your city to establish new business connection, and we would greatly appreciate any assistance you may render to him, which will be considered as a special favor to us.Yours faithfullyAllan ShirleyGeneral Manager案例说明：证明通常采用书信格式，但多略去收信人的姓名、地址和结束语。
英文病例翻译
英文病例翻译第一部分病人身份[Identification]• [Name] 姓名• [Sex] 性别• [Age] 年龄• [Occupation] 职业• [Date of birth] 出生日期• [Marriage （Marital status）] 婚姻• [Race] 民族• [Place of birth (Birth place)] 籍贯• [Identification No.(code of ID card No.)] 身份证号码• [Department of work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phone No.)] 工作单位及电话• [Home address and phone No.] 家庭住址及电话• [Post code] 邮政编码• [Person to notify (Correspondent) and phone No.] 联系人及电话• [Source (Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider) of history] 病史陈术者• [Reliability of history] 病史可靠程试• [Medical security (Type of payment)] 医疗费用• [Type of admission (Patient condition)] 住院类别（入院时病情）• [Medical record No.] 病历号• [Clinic diagnosis] 门诊诊断• [Date of admission (admission date)] 入院日期[Date of record] 记录日期1、年龄的表示方法（以36岁为例）•36 years old (y/o)•Age 36•36 year-old•The age of 36•36 years of age2、性别的表示方法• [Male,♂] 男性• [Female,♀] 女性3、职业的表示方法•工人[Worker] •退休工作[Retired worker]•农民[Farmer (peasant)] •干部[L eader (cadre)]•行政人员[administrative personnel (staff)]•职员[staff member] •商人[Trader (Businessman)]•教师[Teacher] •学生[Student] •医生[Doctor]•药剂师[Pharmacist]•护士[Nurse] •军人[Soldier] •警察[Policeman]•工程师[Engineer] •技术员[Technician] •家政人员[Housekeeper]•家庭主妇[Housewife] •营业员[Assistant] •服务员[Attendant]•售票员[Conductor]4、民族的表示方法•汉[Han] •回[Hui] •蒙[Meng] •藏[Tibetan]•朝鲜[Korean]•美国人[American] •日本人[Japanese] •英国人[Britisher]5、医疗费用的表示方法• [Self pay (Individual medical care)] 自费• [Government insruance (Public medical care)] 公费• [Insurance] 保险• [Local insurance] 本地医保• [Non-local in surance] 外地医保• [Labor protestion care] 劳保6、婚姻状况的表示方法• [Married] 已婚• [Single (Unmarried)] 未婚• [Diverced] 离婚• [Widow] 寡妇• [Widower] 鳏夫7、病史可靠程度的表示方法• [Reliable] 可靠• [Unreliable] 不可靠• [Not entirely] 不完全可靠• [Unobtainable] 无法获得8、住址的表示方法•[NO.3,Qing Chun Road East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang] 浙江省杭州市庆春东路3号•[XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province.] 浙江省诸暨市（县）城关镇新东村9、病史陈述者的表示方法• [Patient himself (herself)] 患者本人• [Her husband] 患者的丈夫• [His wife] 患者的妻子• [Patient`s colleague] 患者的同事• [Patient`s neighbor] 患者的邻居• [Patient`s Kin (Mother; Son; daughter;brother;Sister)] 患者的亲属(父亲、母亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹)• [Taximan] 出租车司机• [Traffic police] 交通警察10、日期的表示方法•2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002; Oct.1,2002; Oct.lst,2002)](美国)•2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002; 1 Oct.,2002; 1st of Oct.,2002)] (英国)11、住院类别的表示方法• [Emergent (Emergency call)] 急诊• [Urgent] 危重• [Elective (General)] 一般（普通）12、入院时病情的表示方法• [Stable] 稳定• [Unstable] 不稳定• [Relative stable] 相对稳定• [Critical (Imminent)] 危重• [Fair (General)] 一般第二部分主诉[Chief Complaint]1、主诉的表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）•症状+for+时间如：[Chest pain for 2 hours] 胸痛2小时•症状+of+时间如：[Nausea and vomiting of three days` duration] 恶心呕吐3天•症状+时间+in duration如：[Headache 1 month in duration] 头痛1月•时间+of+症状如：[Two-day history of fever] 发热2天2、常见症状• [Fever] 发热• [Pain] 疼痛• [Edema] 水肿• [Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding)] 皮肤粘膜出血• [Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath)] 呼吸困难• [Cough and expectoration (Sputu mhlegm)] 咳嗽和咯痰• [Hemoptysis] 咯血• [Cyanosis] 紫绀• [Palpitation] 心悸• [Chest discomfort] 胸闷• [Nausea (Retch;Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting] 恶心和呕吐• [Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood)] 呕血• [Hematochezia (Hemafecia)] 便血• [Diarrhea] 腹泻• [Constipation (Obstipatio n)] 便秘• [Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness)] 眩晕• [Jaundice (Icterus)] 黄疸• [Convulsion] 惊厥• [Disturbance of consciousness] 意识障碍• [Hematuria] 血尿• [Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria] 尿频，尿急和尿痛• [Incontinence of urine] 尿失禁• [Retention of u rine] 尿潴留（1）发热的表示方法• [Infective (Septic)fever] 感染性发热• [Non-infective (Aseptic)fever] 非感染性发热• [Dehydration (Inanition)fever] 脱水热• [Drug fever] 药物热• [Functional hypothermia] 功能性低热• [Absorption fever] 吸收热• [Central fever] 中枢性发热• [Fever type] 热型• [Co ntinuous fever] 稽留热• [Remittent fever] 驰张热• [Intermittent fever] 间歇热• [Undulant fever] 波状热• [Recurrent fever] 回归热• [Periodic fever] 周期热• [Irregular fever] 不规则热• [Ephemeral fever] 短暂热• [Double peaked fever] 双峰热• [Fever of undetermined(unknown) orig in, FUO] 不明原因发热• [Rigor (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague)] 寒战• [Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness)] 畏寒• [Ultra-hyperpyrexia] 超高热• [Hyperthermia (A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever)] 高热• [Moderate fever] 中度发热• [Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature)] 低热• [Become feverish (Have a temperature)] 发热• [Crisis] 骤降• [Lysis] 渐降• [Typhoid fever] 伤寒热• [Rheumatic fever] 风湿热• [Cancerous fever] 癌性发热• [Fervescence period] 升热期• [Defervescence period] 退热期• [Per sistent febrile period] 持续发热期（2）疼痛的表示方法• [Backache (Back pain)] 背痛• [Lumbago] 腰痛• [Headache] 头痛• [Vasomotor headache] 血管舒缩性头痛•[Post-traumatic headache] 创伤后头痛•[Migraine headache] 偏头痛• [Cluster headache] 丛集性头痛• [Chest pain] 胸痛• [Precardial pain] 心前区痛• [Retrosternal pain] 胸骨后痛• [Abdominal pain (Stomachache)] 腹痛• [Acrodynia (pain in limbs)] 肢体痛• [Arthrodynia (Arthralgia)] 关节痛• [Dull pain] 钝痛• [Sharp pain] 锐痛• [Twinge pain] 刺痛• [Knife-like pain (Piercing pain)] 刀割（刺）样痛• [Aching pain] 酸痛• [Bur ning pain] 烧灼痛• [Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain] 绞痛• [Colic] 绞痛• [Bursting pain] 胀痛（撕裂痛）• [Hunger pain] 饥饿痛• [Tic pain] 抽搐痛• [Bearing-down pain] 坠痛• [Shock-like pain] 电击样痛• [Jumping pain] 反跳痛• [Tenderness pain] 触痛（压痛）• [Girdle-like pain] 束带样痛• [Wa ndering pain] 游走性痛• [Throbbing pain] 搏动性痛• [Radiating pain] 放射性痛• [Cramping pain] 痉挛性痛• [Boring pain] 钻痛• [Intense pain] 剧痛• [Writhing pain] 痛得打滚• [Dragging pain] 牵引痛• [Labor pain] 阵痛• [Cancerous pain] 癌性疼痛• [Referred pain] 牵涉痛• [Persistent pain (Unremitting pain)] 持续性痛• [Constant pain] 经常性痛• [Intermittent pain] 间歇性痛（3）水肿的表示方法• [Mucous edema (Myxedema)] 粘液性水肿• [Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema] 心源性水肿• [Nephrotic (renal) edema] 肾源性水肿• [Hepatic edema] 肝源性水肿• [Alimentary (Nutritional) edema] 营养不良性水肿• [Angioneurotic edema] 血管神经性水肿• [Pitting] 凹陷性• [Nonpitting] 非凹陷性• [Localized (Local) edema] 局限性水肿• [Generalized edema (Anasarca)] 全身性水肿• [Hydrops] 积水• [Elephantiasic crus] 橡皮肿• [Cerebral(Brain) edema] 脑水肿• [Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0] 肺水肿• [Hydrocephalus] 脑积水• [Edema of endoscrinopathy] 内分泌病性水肿• [Invisible (Recessive) edema] 隐性水肿• [Frank edema] 显性水肿• [Inflammatory edema] 炎性水肿• [Idiopathic edema] 特发性水肿• [Cyclical edema] 周期性水肿• [Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)] 腹水• [P leural effusion (Hydrothorax)] 胸水• [Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium)] 心包积液• [Bronchoedema] 支气管水肿• [Slight (Mild)] 轻度• [Moderate] 中度• [Serious] 重度• [Transudate] 漏出液• [Exudate] 渗出液（4）呼吸困难的表示方法• [Cardiac dyspnea] 心原性呼吸困难• [Inspiratory] 吸气性• [Expiratory] 呼气性• [Mixed] 混合性• [Obstructive] 梗阻性• [Dyspnea at rest] 静息时呼吸困难• [Dyspnea on exertion] 活动时呼吸困难• [Dyspnea on lying down] 躺下时呼吸困难• [Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND] 夜间阵发性呼吸困难• [Orthopnea] 端坐呼吸• [Asthma] 哮喘• [Cardiac asthma] 心源性哮喘• [Bro nchial asthma] 支气管性哮喘• [Hyperpnea] 呼吸深快• [Periodic breathing] 周期性呼吸• [Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)]气促• [Bradypnea (Slow breathing)] 呼吸缓慢• [Irregular breathing] 不规则呼吸（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法• [Bleeding spots in the skin] 皮肤出血点• [Petechia] 瘀点• [Eccymosis] 瘀斑• [Purpura] 紫癜• [Splinter hemorrhage] 片状出血• [Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)] 渗血• [Blood blister (Hemophysallis)] 血疱• [Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)] 鼻衄• [Ecchymoma] 皮下血肿（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法• [Dry cough (Nonproduc tive cough;hacking cough)] 干咳• [Sharp cough] 剧咳• [Wet cough (Moist cough)] 湿咳• [Productive cough (Loose cough)] 排痰性咳• [Chronic cough] 慢性咳嗽• [Irritable cough] 刺激性咳嗽• [Paroxysmal cough] 发作性（阵发性）咳嗽• [Cough continually] 持续性咳嗽• [Spasmodic cough] 痉挛性咳嗽• [Whooping cough] 百日咳• [Winter cough] 冬季咳• [Wheezing cough] 喘咳• [Short cough] 短咳• [Distressed cough] 难咳• [Shallow cough] 浅咳• [Droplet] 飞沫• [Frothy sputum] 泡沫样痰• [Bloody sputum] 血痰• [Mucous (Mucoid) sputum] 粘液样痰• [Purulent sputum] 脓痰• [Mucopurule nt sputum] 粘液脓性痰• [White (Yellow,green) sputum] 白（黄,绿）痰• [Fetid (Foul) sputum] 恶臭痰• [Iron-Rust (Rusty) sputum] 铁锈色痰• [Chocolate coloured sputum] 巧克力色痰• [Thick sputum] 浓痰• [Thin sputum] 淡痰• [Viscous sputum] 粘痰• [Transparent sputum] 透明痰• [Much (Large amounts of) sputum] 大量痰• [Moderate amounts of sputum] 中等量痰• [Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum] 少量痰（7）内脏出血的表示方法• [Goldstein’s hemopty sis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血• [Massive hematemesis]大量呕血• [Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding; Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄• [Hematuria] 血尿• [Initial hematuria] 初血尿• [Idiopathic hematuria] 特发性血尿• [Painless hematuria] 无痛性血尿• [Terminal hematuria] 终末性血尿• [Gross (Macro scopic) hematuria] 肉眼血尿• [Microscopic hematuria] 镜下血尿• [Hematuria in the whole process of urination] 全程血尿• [Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)] 牙龈出血• [Hematochezia] 便血• [Bloody stool] 血便• [Black stool (Melena)] 黑便• [Tarry stool] 柏油样便• [Bleeding following trauma] 外伤后出血• [Spontaneous bleeding] 自发性出血• [Bleeding Continuously] 持续出血• [Occult blood,OB] 隐血• [Hematobilia] 胆道出血• [Hemathorax] 血胸• [Hemarthrosis] 关节积血• [Hematocoelia] 腹腔积血• [Hematoma] 血肿• [Hemopericardium] 心包积血• [Cerebral he morrhage] 脑出血• [Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)] 蛛网膜下腔出血• [Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots] 月经量多伴血块• [Mild (Moderate) menses] 月经量少（中等）• [Painless Vaginal bleeding] 无痛性阴道出血• [Postcoital bleeding] 性交后出血• [Pulsating bleeding] 搏动性出血• [Post-operation wound hemorrhage] 术后伤口出血• [Excessive bleeding after denal extraction] 拔牙后出血过多（8）紫绀的表示方法• [Congenital cyanosis] 先天性紫绀• [Enterogenous] 肠源性• [Central] 中枢性• [Peripheral] 周围性• [Mixed] 混合性• [Acrocyanosis] 指端紫绀（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法• [Vomituriti on (Retching)] 干呕• [Feel nauseated] 恶心感• [Postprandial nausea] 饭后恶心• [Hiccup] 呃逆• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸• [Fecal (Stercoraceous) vomiting] 吐粪• [undigested food Vomiting] 吐不消化食物• [Bilious Vomiting] 吐胆汁（10）腹泻与便秘的表示方法• [Moning diarrhea] 晨泻• [Watery (Liquid)diarrhea] 水泻• [Mucous diarrhea] 粘液泻• [Fatty diarrhea] 脂肪泻• [Chronic (Acute)] 慢性（急性）• [Mild diarrhea] 轻度腹泻• [Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea] 难治性腹泻• [Protracted diarrhea] 迁延性腹泻• [Bloody stool] 血梗• [Frothy stool] 泡沫样便• [Formless (Formed)stool] 不成形（成形）便• [Loose (Hard) stool] 稀（硬）便• [Rice-water stool] 米泔样便• [Undigested stool] 不消化便• [Dysenteric diarrhea] 痢疾样腹泻• [Inflammatory diarrhea] 炎症性腹泻• [Osmotic] 渗透性• [Secretory] 分泌性• [Malabsorption] 吸收不良性• [Lienteric] 消化不良性• [Pancreatic diarr hea] 胰性腹泻• [Tenesmus] 里急后重• [Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or relax the bowel)] 解大便• [Have a call of nature] 便意• [Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia)] 大便失禁• [Functional constipation] 功能性便秘• [Organic constipation] 器质性便秘• [Habitual constipation] 习惯性便秘• [Have a tendency to be constipated] 便秘倾向（11）黄疸的表示方法• [Latent (occult) jaundice] 隐性黄疸• [Clinical jaundice] 显性黄疸• [Nuclear icterus] 核黄疸• [Physiologic icterus] 生理性黄疸• [Icterus simplex] 传染性黄疸• [Toxemic icterus] 中毒性黄疸• [Hemolytic] 溶血性• [Hepatocell ular] 肝细胞性• [Obstructive] 阻塞性• [Congenital] 先天性• [Familial] 家族性• [Cholestatic] 胆汁淤积性• [Hematogenous] 血源性• [Malignant] 恶性• [Painless] 无痛性（12）意识障碍的表示方法• [Somnolence] 嗜睡• [Confusion] 意识模糊• [Stupor] 昏睡• [Coma] 昏迷• [Delirium] 谵妄• [Syncope (swoon; faint)] 晕厥• [Drowsiness] 倦睡（13）排尿的表示方法• [Enuresis (Bed-wetting)] 遗尿• [Anuria] 无尿• [Emiction interruption] 排尿中断• [Interruption of urinary stream] 尿线中断• [Nocturia] 夜尿• [Oliguria] 少尿• [Polyuria] 多尿• [Pass water (Make water; urinate; micturition)] 排尿• [Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition; fruquent urination;Pollakiuria)] 尿频• [Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)] 尿急• [Urodynia (Pain on micturition; painful micturition; alginuresis; micturition pain)] 尿痛• [Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition; disturbance of micturition)] 排尿困难• [Small urinary stream] 尿线细小• [Void with a good stream] 排尿通畅• [Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination;terminal dribbling)] 滴尿• [Bifurcation of urination] 尿流分叉• [Residual urine] 残余尿• [Extravasation of urine] 尿外渗• [Stress incontinence] 压力性尿失禁• [Overflow incontinence] 溢出性尿失禁• [Paradoxical in continence] 反常性尿失禁3．少见症状• [Weekness( Debility; asthenia; debilitating)] 虚弱（无力）• [Fatigue (Tire; lassitude)] 疲乏• [Discomfort (Indisposition; malaise)] 不适• [Wasting (thin; underweight; emaciation; lean)] 消瘦• [Night sweating] 盗汗• [Sweat (Perspiration)] 出汗• [Cold sweat] 冷汗• [Pruritus (Iching)] 搔痒• [Asthma] 气喘• [Squeezing (Tightness; choking; pressing) sensation of the chest] 胸部紧缩（压榨）感• [Intermittent claudication] 间歇性跛行• [Difficulty in swallowing( Dysphagia; difficult swallowing; acataposis)] 吞咽困难• [Epigastric (Upper abdominal) discomfort] 上腹部不适• [Anorexia (Sitophobia)] 厌食• [Poor appetite (Loss of appetite)] 纳差• [Heart-burn( Pyrosis)] 胃灼热• [Stomachache( Pain in stomach)] 胃部痛• [Periumbilial pain] 脐周痛• [Belching (Eructation)] 嗳气• [Sour regurgitation] 返酸• [Abdominal distention(bloating)] 腹胀• [Pass gas( Break wink)] 肛门排气• [Small(Large) stool] 大便少（多）• [Expel(Pass) worms] 排虫• [Pain over the liver] 肝区痛• [Lumbago] 腰痛• [Pica(Parorexia; allotriophagy)] 异食癖• [Dysmenorrhea] 痛经• [Menoxenia (Irregular menstruation)] 月经不调• [Polymenorrhea (Epimenorrhea)] 月经过频• [Oligomenorrhea] 月经过少• [Excessive menstruation (Menorrhagia; menometrorrhagia; hypermenorrhea)] 经量过多• [Hypomenorrhea (Scantymenstruation)] 经量过少• [Menopause (Menostasia; menostasis)] 绝经• [Amenorrhea (Menoschesis)] 闭经• [Leukorrhagia] 白带过多• [Asexuality (lack of libido)] 无性欲• [Hyposexuality] 性欲低下• [Hypersexuality] 性欲亢进• [Prospe rmia (Ejaculatio praecox)] 早泄• [Impotency (impotence)] 阳萎• [Nocturnal emission (Spermatorrhea)] 遗精• [Lack of potency] 无性交能力• [Hair loss] 脱发• [Joint pain (Arthralgia; arthrodynia)] 关节痛• [Polydipsia (Excessive thirst)] 多饮（烦渴）• [Polyphagia (Excessive a ppetite; hyperorexia; bulimia)] 多食• [Cold (Heat) intolerance] 怕冷（热）• [Dwarfism (Excessive height)] 身材矮小（高大）• [Excessive sweating] 多汗• [Obesity (Fatty)] 肥胖• [Agitation (Anxiety;nervous irritability)] 焦虑（忧虑）• [Mania] 躁狂• [Hallucin ation] 幻觉• [Aphasia (Logopathy)] 失语• [Amnesia (Poor memorization;memory deterioration)] 记忆力下降• [Hemianesthesia] 偏身麻木• [Formication] 蚁走感• [Tingling] 麻刺感• [Hyperpathia] 痛觉过敏• [Hypalgesia] 痛觉减退• [Illusion] 错觉• [Hemiplegia] 半身不遂• [Insomnia (Poor slee pness;sleeplessness)] 失眠• [Nightmare] 多梦• [Numbness] 麻木• [Pain in limbs (Acrodynia)] 肢体痛• [Limitation of motion] 活动受限• [Tetany] 手足抽搐• [Discharge of pus] 流脓• [Blurred vision(Hazy vision;blurring of vision; dimness of vision)]视物模糊• [Burning (Dry) sen sation] 烧灼（干燥）感• [Tearing (Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)] 流泪• [Double vision (Diplopia)] 复视• [Strabismus] 斜视• [Hemianopia] 偏盲• [Tired eyes (Eyestrain)] 眼疲劳• [Foreign body sensation] 异物感• [Lose the sight (Lose of vision)] 失明• [Diminution of vision] 视力减退• [Nictition] 眨眼• [Ophthalmodynia (Eye-ache;ocular pain)] 眼痛• [Photophobia] 畏光• [Spots before the eyes] 眼前黑点• [Deafness(Anacusia)] 耳聋• [Auditory dysesthesia] 听力减退• [Otalgia (Otodynia;pain in the ear ;ear-ache)] 耳痛• [Stuffy feeling in the ear] 耳闭气• [Tinnitus] 耳鸣• [Outophony] 自声过强• [Nasal obstruction (blockage)] 鼻塞• [Dryness of the nose] 鼻干燥• [Rhinorrhea (Snivel;Nasal discharge)] 流鼻涕• [Snoring] 打鼾• [Hyposmia (Reduction of the sense of smell)] 嗅觉减退• [Anosmia (Complete loss of se nse of smell)] 嗅觉丧失• [Dysphonia] 发音困难• [Hoarseness] 声嘶• [Pain on swallowing] 吞咽痛• [Saliva dribblies from the mouth] 流涎• [Troaty voice] 声音沙哑• [Stridor] 喘鸣• [Red and swollen] 红肿• [Scurf] 头皮屑• [Show] 见红• [Amniotic fluid escaped] 破水• [Uterine contra ction] 宫缩• [Acalculia] 计算不能• [Apathy] 情感淡漠• [Delusion] 妄想第三部分现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)]现病史书写的重点包括：一、主诉中症状的详细描述；二、疾病的发展过程；三、诊疗经过；四、目前的一般情况。
英文翻译合同范例书7篇
英文翻译合同范例书7篇第1篇示例：Translation Contract翻译合同This Translation Contract ("Contract") is made and entered into by and between [Translator Name] (“Translator”) and [Client Name] (“Client”) as of [Date].本翻译合同（以下简称“合同”）由“翻译者名称”（以下简称“翻译者”）和“客户名称”（以下简称“客户”）于日期签订。
1. Services1. 服务内容翻译者同意为客户提供翻译服务。
服务的范围将在项目简介中详细说明，并且在工作开始之前将由双方达成一致。
翻译者同意提供准确且高质量的翻译。
如果翻译不符合客户的要求，客户可以在合理的时间内提出修订请求。
3. Deadlines3. 交付期限翻译者同意按约定期限向客户交付翻译内容。
如果由于任何原因翻译者无法在期限内完成工作，将尽快通知客户并且积极解决问题。
4. Payment4. 付款方式客户同意按约定付款给翻译者翻译服务费用。
付款条款和条件将在项目简介中详细说明，并且双方必须遵守这些条款。
5. Confidentiality5. 保密条款翻译者同意对客户提供的所有信息进行保密，并且未经客户同意不得向任何第三方披露。
6. Termination6. 终止合同任何一方都可以通过书面通知终止本合同。
在终止合同之后，翻译者将向客户交付所有已完成的工作，客户将支付终止日期前已提供的服务费用。
7. Governing Law7. 适用法律本合同应受[司法管辖区]法律的管辖和解释。
因本合同引起的任何争议应由双方友好协商解决，必要时可通过调解或仲裁解决。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract as of the date first above written.为证明双方已于上述日期签订了本合同。
中英文对照翻译文章
中英文对照翻译文章不少英文文章都是带有翻译的，为的就是方便读者在不理解文章的时候能够找到对照的意思。
下面就是店铺给大家整理的中英文对照翻译文章，希望大家喜欢。
中英文对照翻译文章篇1：A Sailor's Christmas Gift一个水手的圣诞礼物William J·Lederer威廉·J·莱德勒Last year at Christmas time my wife，three boys，and I were in France，on our way from Paristo Nice.For five wretched days ererything had gone wrong.Our hotels were“touristtraps”;our rented car broke down;we were all restless and irritable in the crowded car.OnChristmas Eve，when we checked into a dingy hotel in Nice，there was no Christmas spirit inour hearts.去年，在圣诞节期间，我和我的妻子以及我们的三个孩子，从法国踏上由巴黎到尼斯的旅途。
由于接连五天的恶劣天气，旅途上一切很不顺心。
我们下榻的旅馆尽是些敲诈勒索旅客的“陷阱”;我们租用的那辆汽车老是发生故障，在拥挤不堪的车子上大家个个显得烦躁不安。
圣诞节前夕，我们住进了尼斯的一家旅店，这家旅店又脏又暗，我们打心眼里感觉不到丝毫的节日气氛。
It was raining and cold when we went out to eat.We found a drab littlejoint shoddily decoratedfor the holiday.It smelled greasy.Only five tables in the restaurant were occupied.Therewere two German couples，two French families，and an American sailor，by himself.In thecorner a piano player listlessly played Christmas music.我们外出就餐时，天正下着小雨，天气寒冷。
英文翻译合同范例书3篇
英文翻译合同范例书3篇篇1Translation Contract TemplateThis Translation Contract ("Contract") is entered into between [Translation Company Name], having its principal place of business at [Address], and [Client Name], having its principal place of business at [Address], on [Date].1. Services. [Translation Company Name] agrees to provide translation services to [Client Name] in accordance with the terms of this Contract. The scope of services will be defined in a separate Statement of Work.2. Delivery. [Translation Company Name] agrees to deliver the translated materials to [Client Name] by the agreed-upon deadline. [Client Name] agrees to review the translated materials and provide feedback within [Number] days of delivery.3. Payment. [Client Name] agrees to pay [Translation Company Name] the total sum of [Amount] for the translation services provided. Payment will be made within [Number] days of receiving the invoice. Any late payments will incur a late fee of [Amount] per day.4. Confidentiality. Both parties agree to keep all information exchanged during the course of this Contract confidential. This includes any proprietary information, trade secrets, or other sensitive information.5. Ownership. The translated materials will be considered the property of [Client Name] upon delivery and payment in full. [Translation Company Name] retains no rights to the translated materials.6. Termination. Either party may terminate this Contract with [Number] days’ notice in writing. In the event of termination, [Client Name] agrees to pay [Translation Company Name] for any work completed up to the termination date.7. Governing Law. This Contract shall be governed by the laws of the state of [State]. Any disputes arising out of this Contract shall be resolved through arbitration in [City].8. Entire Agreement. This Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, whether written or oral.[Translation Company Name]By: ____________________________[Client Name]By: ____________________________Date: __________________________This Translation Contract is hereby accepted by the parties on the date first above written.(Client)(Client)篇2Translation ContractThis Translation Contract ("Contract") is made and entered into as of [Date] ("Effective Date") by and between [Translator's Name], with a mailing address at [Translator's Address], ("Translator"), and [Client's Name], with a mailing address at [Client's Address], ("Client").1. Scope of WorkClient hereby engages Translator to provide translation services of [Language] to English for the following materials: [Description of Materials]. Translator shall provide accurate and faithful translations of the materials and ensure that thetranslated materials convey the original meaning and intent of the source materials.2. TermThis Contract shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until the completion of the translation services specified in Section 1 above. Either party may terminate this Contract upon written notice to the other party.3. CompensationClient shall pay Translator a fee of [Amount] per word for the translation services provided under this Contract. Payment shall be made within [Number] days of receipt of the translated materials. In the event of late payment, Client shall pay interest at a rate of [Rate]% per month on the overdue amount.4. ConfidentialityTranslator agrees to keep all materials provided by Client confidential and not to disclose or use such materials for any purpose other than providing the translation services under this Contract. Translator shall take all necessary measures to safeguard the confidentiality of the materials and prevent unauthorized access.5. Ownership of Translated MaterialsClient shall retain all rights and ownership of the translated materials provided by Translator under this Contract. Translator hereby assigns, transfers, and conveys to Client all rights, title, and interest in and to the translated materials, including all copyrights and intellectual property rights.6. Representations and WarrantiesTranslator represents and warrants that it has the necessary skills, experience, and qualifications to provide the translation services under this Contract. Translator further represents and warrants that the translated materials will be accurate, complete, and free from errors.7. Governing LawThis Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [State/Country]. Any dispute arising out of or relating to this Contract shall be resolved through arbitration in [City], [State/Country], in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association.8. Entire AgreementThis Contract constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedesall prior agreements, understandings, and negotiations, whether written or oral, relating to such subject matter.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contract as of the Effective Date first above written.[Translator's Name] [Client's Name][Translator's Signature] [Client's Signature][Date] [Date]篇3Translation ContractThis agreement is made and entered into this ____ day of ____, 20__, by and between [Translation Company], hereinafter referred to as "Company," and [Client Name], hereinafter referred to as "Client."1. Translation Services:Company agrees to provide translation services for the following materials: [List of materials to be translated]. The translation will be from [Source Language] to [Target Language].2. Deadline:The translation services shall be completed and delivered to the Client by [Delivery Date].3. Fees and Payments:Client agrees to pay the Company a fee of $____ per word for the translation services. Payment shall be made in full within ____ days of receipt of the completed translation. Payments shall be made via [Payment Method].4. Quality Assurance:Company shall ensure that all translations are accurate and free from errors. Client may request revisions or corrections within ____ days of receiving the completed translation. Company shall make all necessary revisions at no additional charge to the Client.5. Confidentiality:Company agrees to maintain the confidentiality of all materials provided by the Client. All information and materials shared by the Client shall not be disclosed to any third party without the Client's prior written consent.6. Termination:Either party may terminate this agreement by providing written notice to the other party. In the event of termination, the Client shall pay for all services rendered up to the termination date.7. Governing Law:This agreement shall be governed by the laws of [Jurisdiction]. Any disputes arising from this agreement shall be resolved through arbitration in [Arbitration Venue].In witness whereof, the parties hereto have executed this agreement as of the date first above written.[Translation Company]By: _______________________Name: _____________________Title: ______________________Date: ______________________[Client]By: _______________________Name: _____________________Title: ______________________Date: ______________________This translation contract is hereby agreed to by theabove-signed parties.Note: This is a sample template and should be customized to fit the specific needs of your translation project.。
英文翻译范例 2012
江苏大学继续教育学院英文翻译原文和译文学生姓名班级、学号工商管理09 指导教师2012年05 月10 日- 1 -Bank Size and Small- and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) Lending: Evidence from China1. IntroductionThe discrepancy between China’s economic structure and financial structure is best manifested by the mismatch between the contribution of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to economic growth and the amount of credit they have obtained from formal financial institutions. Since China launched its economic reform in 1978, its economy has switched into the fast lane of economic growth. China had achieved 9.75% annual GDP growth during 1979–2007, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world by any standard. SMEs have played an active role in economic growth. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, 99.6% of enterprises in China are SMEs at the end of 2005. These enterprises account for 59% of GDP, 60% of total sales, 48.2% of ta xes, and about 75% of employment in urban areas. SMEs’ participation in international trade and outward investment is also very significant, representing 68.85% of the total import and export values and about 80% of outward investment.…………2. Background, data, and methodology(a). Background information about the Chinese financial systemChina’s current financial system is mainly composed of four state-owned banks, 12 share-holding commercial banks, city commercial banks, and over 2,000 county-level rural credit cooperatives (RCCs).Even though the source of external financing of China’s non-financial firms had changed dramatically in the past 30 years, indirect financing through financial intermediaries dominates direct financing in China. In 2002, the relative shares of financing from bank loans, treasury bonds, corporation bonds, and equity were 80.2%, 14.4%, 1.4%, and 4%, respectively. In indirect financing, loans from state-owned banks are the main source of enterprise financing in China. Although the loans granted by state-owned banks had been continuously declining since 1978, they still accounted for 70% of the loan market in 2002.…………(b). The dataThe data were collected from the Financial Ecological Environment Survey conducted by the authors in 2005. It is a retrospective survey with most of the variables covering the period 2001–04 in which some of the variables can be dated back to 1996. The survey covers 12 provinces selected on the basis of economic development and geographical location: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Shandong were selected to represent provinces in the more developed eastern coastal regions; Hubei, Jilin, and Jiangxi provinces were selected to represent the central regions; and Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shanxi, and Ningxia were chosen for the western regions.Table 1 presents the sample distribution of the 363 financial institutions. Based on coverage, the ABC is represented in 77 of the 79 counties, followed by RCCs (73), and then the other three state-owned banks in the order of CCBs (69), ICBC (64), and BOC (57). Also sharing the markets are 19 other share-holding commercial banks such as Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and China Merchant Bank.Table 1. Distribution of financial institutions (county branches) in the sampleCounty ABC ICBC CCB BOC Share holdingbanksRCCZhejiang 9 8 8 8 8 5 8 Jiangsu 6 6 6 6 5 1 6 Fujian 7 7 6 7 6 2 5 Shandong 6 5 5 5 5 2 6 Hubei 10 10 6 10 8 0 10 Jilin 6……………………Table 2. Market structures at the provincial-level and the county-levelY ear ProvincialloanshareCounty-level loan market shareProvincialdepositshareCounty-level deposit marketshare1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)State-ownedcommercial65 57.7 56.7 54.9 52.6 62 60.1 59.9 58.4 56.6Y ear ProvincialloanshareCounty-level loan market shareProvincialdepositshareCounty-level deposit marketshare1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)banksABC 14 26.5 25.8 24.2 22.7 13 23.6 23.7 23.2 23.0ICBC 28 17.2 16.3 15.5 14.6 26 16.8 16.2 15.2 14.6 BOC 7 5.3 5.8 6.5 6.2 7 7.8 7.9 8.1 7.7 CCB 16 8.6 8.7 8.6 9.1 15 12.0 12.1 11.9 11.1Shareholdingbanks8 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.1 4 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 RCCs 13 24.4 26.0 27.7 31.8 10 24.2 23.6 24.2 24.7Otherfinancialinstitutions11 10.5 9.5 9.8 9.9 12 12.8 14.0 14.8 16.0(c). Variable definitions and summary statisticsWe focus on studying the factors determining banks’ loans to SMEs, which is measured by the percent of loans to SMEs over the total enterprise loanoutstanding. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, if an enterprise has less than 0.4 billion total assets and less than 0.3 billion sales, then it belongs to the category of SMEs. Figure 1 presents the average of the proportion of loans to SMEs for the six banks over 1996–2004. This figure shows that these banks have different time trends over SME lending. Compared with 1996, the proportions of loans to SMEs had increased in 2004 for ABC and RCCs, but they had decreased for ICBC, BOC, and share-holding Banks. CCB’s lending to SMEs stayed at approximately the same level. Share-holding banks also had the largest variance in lending to SMEs over the years.Full-size image (33K)Figure 1. Trend of loan to small- and medium-sized enterprises.Before considering other factors, we first check the correlation patterns between bank size and SME lending. From Table 3, we have not observed a clear connection between bank size and share of loans to small businesses. In Table 3, each kind of banks is classified as small, medium, or large based on its total assets. ABC and RCCs tend to lend more as bank size grows, while other banks, such as ICBC, BOC, and CCB decrease lending to small enterprises when the size changes from small to medium.Table 3. The average share of loan to small- and medium-sized enterprises, by branch sizeSmall branch Medium branch Large branchSmall branch Medium branch Large branch ABC 80.26 83.04 87.45(28.68) (29.00) (21.05) ICBC 86.95 76.19 60.20(24.64) (28.12) (32.56) CCB 79.85 73.81 70.19(31.73) (27.88) (31.39) BOC 78.45 71.14 66.52(31.77) (34.44) (34.17) Share holding banks 76.54 66.41 63.94(28.36) (33.45) (22.42) RCCs 67.86 70.37 82.26(39.79) (39.54) (27.19) …………银行规模和中小企业贷款：以中国为例1．介绍中小企业对中国经济增长所做的贡献和其从正式金融机构获得的贷款数量不匹配，足以说明中国经济结构和金融结构的差异。
英语翻译
The new office will cover the whole of Scotland.新的办事处业务遍及全苏格兰。
She’s covering the American election for BBC television.她在为英国广播公司的电视台报道美国大选。
I’m going to the doctor’s tomorrow so do you think you could cover my shift for me明天我要去看医生，你能替我代班吗Will £50 cover your expense50英镑够你花了吗Does your travel insurance cover you against the loss or theft of cash你的旅行保险金能补偿你的现金丢失或失窃吗We’ve got all the exits covered, so they’ve got no chance of escape.我们封锁了所有的出口，使他们插翅难逃。
He is an aggressive salesman.他是个很有进取心/干劲的销售员。
Aggressive photographers followed the princess everywhere and flooded the media with photos of her private life.无孔不入的摄影师们到处跟踪王妃，使得媒体上充斥着有关她私生活的照片。
Hitler carried out an aggressive policy after he seized power.希特勒摄取政权之后，推行了侵略政策。
3)Every life has its roses and thorns.这里把玫瑰和刺引申，译为：“每个人的生活有苦有甜。
5）He is in critical condition, see-sawing between life and death.See-saw原义是“跷跷板”，这里引申译为：他的病况危急，时好时坏，与死神搏斗。
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本科生毕业设计（外文翻译）
英文题目：Comparative study of environmental impact
assessment methods along with a new dynamic
system-based method
中文题目：环境影响评价方法与一种基于动力学模型系统
的新方法的比较研究
姓名：
学号：060800
学院：环境与资源学院
专业：环境工程
年级：2008级
指导教师：（签名）
2012年3月20 日
环境影响评价方法与一种基于动力学模型系统的
新方法的比较研究
Nouri, J.1*, Jassbi, J.2, Jafarzadeh, N.3, Abbaspour, M.4 and Varshosaz, K.1
摘要：环境影响评价已经作为一个精细的、实质性的方法来确定、预测和解释生态对环境、公共卫生和健康的影响的生态系统而发展起来的。
本研究意在介绍和系统的调查在重要的决策阶段的环境问题。
与此同时，将会分析在环境成分的发展的影响。
本研究考虑各种方法预测环境变化并且通过定性和定量的方法确定其影响。
定性法完全依靠专家的决定，而定量法完全以数学方法为基础，数学法各要素间的关系通过变量和参数来表达。
然后对这两种方法进行比较和对比。
在这些方法中，技术方法、检查表、模型、覆地图以及网络是非常值得关注的。
基于静态变量，这些方法主要描述恒定的关系。
该研究最重要的目的是提供一个基于动态变量的环境评价的动态模型。
该模型可以定义变幻莫测的关系。
因此，为了介绍一种基于系统动力学、环境成分和变化的新的模型就要归功于那个已经被认为是一组互相联系的元素和变量的项目。
有一些变量作为输入元素，这些元素的相互关系和相互作用被看作是一套指导输出该系统的程序。
该研究调查了目前在环境评价中的影响成分的动态。
静态和单一的功能系统无法真正的仿真。
因此，本研究得益于动力系统作为环境影响评价的工具，该系统可以显示多功能结构、非线性模型以及延时。
关键词：仿真，动力系统，动态变量，输入元素，输出元素，环境成分和环境影响
把注意力集中在用于研究复杂的经济、工程、管理和社会问题的方法的起源上，这可以很清晰地显示出了每种方法正在寻找一种独特的应对问题的对策。
(怀兹曼，2006; Roudgarmi 等人，2008）。
在这些方法中，环境影响评价（EIA）在规划、决策和项目执行的过程中起着重要的作用。
（khordagui，2002;努里等人，2008）。
考虑到可持续发展，环境影响评价本质上被看作是项目的一个规划工具。
人们寻求比较每一类型的项目和计划的不同备选方案（Höpner 和Lattemann，2002）。
每个方案涉及到经济成本(Abdel-Jawad和Al-Tabtabaei ，1999)和效益。
与此同时，正确认知提案的本质，并利用项目结果的相似性是非常重要的。
一些不同的方法用于确定关键的影响，是基于稳定的变量和应用(或者根据专家的意见) ，这些方法包括清单、模型、土层地图和网络。
本研究的主要目的是实现环境影响评价基于动态变量的动态模型。
此仿真模型能够用来当作一个用于决定和预测动态系统基础的影响的工具（Roudgarmi等，2008;Kennish，1997)。
结构的起因和影响的变量和复杂的问题关注过程中
的反馈意见是单独考虑在这个模型。
因此，该模型基于基本原理和物力论的关系，确定元素之间的动态模型的关系是非常重要的。
另外，这些系统进行检验了复杂的问题及考虑到反馈的过程。
逻辑基础是因反馈结构对期间所发生的改变较为敏感。
应采取相应的措施以达到一种动态模型。
在这些实质性措施中识别在现有的动力环境系统的部件，预测环境系统行为，提供了做决定的可能性，识别各种各样的情况(在一个模拟的环境提出了解决) ，并在模糊的情况利用专家们的意见。
在上述领域，很少有文献来源。
从实践上看，它可能是唯一有效的资料去研究在不同的领域。
(Haugwitz，2005;Skoglund和Dejmek;分蘖的2007年，2001年)。
1.环境评价方法的比较研究
当今，在伊朗，环境影响评价的主要目的是取得经济计划内的随着保存和预防可再生的和不可再生资源的可持续发展（Nouri等人，2009；Andreasen等人，2001）。
最重要的是特殊技能的方法，套用地图、清单、矩阵和网络，见表1。
表1 评估方法的比较
相对使用性缺点特点数据分析使用变量类型方法
扩大性非系统的、绝对的影响识别特殊技能法定性特设
选择性
缺乏在密集的显著的
影响识别的能力、缺乏
二次影响的检验能力、
需要不同的地图、费用
高、缺乏确定的标准和
评价方法
区别影响的力
量、影响重要性
的决定、描述影
响、高分析、对
比影响的识别
能力
基于地理环境
定性和基于地
方
地图覆
盖
扩大性只是效果的检验影响识别有效参数检验定性检查表
扩大性低数据分析、缺乏确定
性、缺乏考虑对比影响
标准简单、决策
比较的可能性、
廉价、灵活
简单描述项目
带来的影响
定量模型法
平均性缺少确定一种与另一
种相比的标准、复杂
性、费用高、耗时
识别影响、显示
因果关系、分析
度高
基于描述因果
的影响
定量分析网络法
因为环境影响评价能够规划未来事件，它应该有足够的能力对可预测的事件作出预测，这些环境评价法都是利用定性阶段事件的发生概率。
缺乏具确定性因素要求的结果以进行供定性分析。
在比较这些环境评价法，可以得出以下结论：
i）根据专家的意见：这意味着最后的结果不是根据分析过程的数据，而是被要求遵循专家。