不能用分词替换的定语从句

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定语从句与分词（短语）作定语的转换

以下几种情况，一般不可以把定语从句转换为分词（短语）

1.虽然关系代词作定语从句的主语，但如果从句的谓语中含有情态动词，则不能转换成分

词{短语)

Those who must finish their work before lunch are working very hard now.

2.虽然关系代词作定语从句的主语，但从句谓语是完成时态主动语态时，则不能转换成分

词{短语)

The flower survived the fire that had burned the market-place.

此句不宜写成：

The flower survived the fire having burned the market-place.

但是，如定语从句的先行词是泛指的，有时候也可用分词的完成体作定语。

Any student who has finished their work can go home now. 可写成;

Any student having finished their work can go home now.

3.当关系代词指的是前面整个主句时，不能将这个非限制性定语从句转换成分词（短语）

4.虽然关系代词作定语从句的主语，且从句谓语动词是主动语态，但如果从句谓语动词所

表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前或之后，则不能转换成分词{短语)

The man who came this morning is our class teacher.

This is the professor who is going to teach us English next term.

I want to talk to the person who broke that cup.

5. being 不能与形容词一起作定语。如果所指的被动动作正在进行或是与谓语所表示的动

作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式作后置定语。

Anybody who is outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.

不能说;

Anybody being outside after ten o’clock will be arrested.

But :He told us to keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

6.在特指某一事物的名词后面，现在分词短语通常具有进行的意思，若表示“非进行时”

的意思，只能用定语从句。定语从句不表示进行时就不能转换成分词短语。

The boy who brings the milk has been ill.

不能说;

The boy bringing the milk has been ill.

The woman who looks after my small brother gets paid 50 yuan an hour.

不能说;

The woman looking after my brother gets paid 50 yuan an hour.

当一个名词所指的内容是泛指时，分词短语既可以有进行时的意思，也可以由一般时的意思：（定语从句不论是进行时还是一般时，都可转换成分词短语）

Women looking after small children generally get paid about 50 yuan an hour.

等于;

Women who are looking after small children generally get paid about 50 yuan an hour.

Women who look after small children generally get paid about 50 yuan an hour.