初中现在完成时讲解和练习

现在完成时I.定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。

用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。

III.现在完成时的时间状语1.ever, never, twice （once…）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few years表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。

用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait 等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。

yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。

例如：I have already finished my homework.I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yetThey have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用IV.现在完成时的用法A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。

例如：The car has arrived. 车子来了。

（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。

（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。

例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

How long have you been here 你来这里多久了用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since ＋时间点”。

如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。

The old man died 4 years The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days I have had the book for 5 days.表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。

V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。

）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。

）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ..then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。

现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.VI.比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。

have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。

have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了六．过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---v isited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、：AAA型burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast castcost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put putshut shut shut spread spread spread set set set read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/AAB型beat beat beatenABA型 become became become run ran run come came come特殊情况ABB型bring brought brought buy bought bought build built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held held keep kept keptlay laid laid lead led led lose lost lostmake made made meet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told toldthink thought thought win won wonABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave givengrow grew grown know knew known ride rode riddenrise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shakensing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swumthrow threw thrown write wrote written七．（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。