刘老师的公选课(英美国家社会与文化期末复习资料)
英美国家社会与文化期末复习资料汇总：判断题：1. 英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。
君主政体实际已无实权。
它的权力受限于法律和议会。
君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。
2. 1863年11月9日，林肯在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表了简短的演说，他以另人难忘的语言结束了演说“民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会从地球上消失”。
3. 严肃报纸面向那些想全面了解社会事物各方面信息的读者。
英国共有5家严肃日报（《金融时报》、《每日电讯报》、《卫报》、《独立报》、《泰晤士报》）和4家严肃周日报（《星期日电讯报》、《星期日独立报》、《观察家》、《星期日泰晤士报》）4. 许多历史学家都把美国的二十世纪二十年代描写成一个物质上成功，精神上迷惘或漫无目标的时期。
5. 英国人喜欢各种各样的音乐，包括古典音乐，摇滚和流行音乐，爵士乐，民间音乐和轻音乐。
20世纪60年代，一种新的流行文化—披头士，出现在英国的利物浦。
这是由一群年轻人组成的乐队叫披头士乐队，又称甲壳虫乐队。
6. 大公司的出现，城市化及新技术的迅速发展是美国20世纪初经济增长出现的三大特点。
7. 殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。
8. 《独立宣言》是由托马斯。
杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰。
洛克。
9.苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。
首府：爱丁堡。
10. 辉格党人和托利党人这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。
辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。
辉格党人在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。
托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。
托利党是保守党的前身。
名词解释1.诺曼征服 --1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。
征服者威廉几乎没收了所有土地，将其分发给他的诺曼追随者。
他用强有力的诺曼政府代替了软弱的萨克逊政府。
于是，封建制度在英国完全建立。
开放了与欧洲大陆的关系，文明和商业得到发展，引进了诺曼—法国文化、语言、举止和建筑。
教会与罗马的联系更为密切，教会法庭与世俗法庭分离。
2.湖畔诗人--英国湖区以湖和放射线状的排水系统而闻名。
15个湖就象一个轮子，中间有个集点，这个地区尽管海拔相对较低，但其脊形地貌造就了英格兰最好的岩石景观和平坦的山脉。
一些著名的英国诗人，如William Wordsworth（1779-1859），Samuel Coleridge（1772-1834），还有Robert Southey，把对这一地区的美景欣赏寄情于诗句中，在英国文学史上，他们被成为湖畔诗人。
3.罗斯福新政--罗斯福于1932年成为美国总统，他通过无线电播出的“炉边谈话”拥有数百万的听众。
新政：建立和加强政府对银行的管理和控制；联邦政府对救济进行管理，建立社会救济保障体系；刺激工，农业的复苏；通过劳工法；改善少数民族和某些宗教团体成员的状况。
这些措施的目的是“拯救美国的民主”，帮助美国克服了当时资本主义所经历的最严重的经济危机4.美国梦--有广义和狭义之分，广义上指美国的平等、自由、民主;狭义上是一种相信只要在美国经过努力不懈的奋斗便能获得更好生活的理想，亦即人们必须通过自己的勤奋工作、勇气、创意、和决心迈向繁荣，而非依赖于特定的社会阶级和他人的援助。
《独立宣言》是美国梦的根基，自由女神像是美国梦的象征。
填空题1. 英国官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2.大议会是当今英国议会的原型。
1265年，西门德孟福尔召开大议会，各县有两名骑士，各镇有两名市民参加。
大议会发展到后来演变成议会，分为上议院和下议院。
其作用是咨询而非决定；也没有选举和政党。
议会的最重要的部分是上议院。
3. 黑死病是指由鼠疫蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫，是一种流行疾病，在14世纪传播了到欧洲。
1348年夏天横扫全英国。
英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万。
4. 玫瑰战争是指，从1455年到1485年，以红玫瑰为象征的兰开斯特大家族和以白玫瑰为象征的约克家族之间战争的普遍接受的名称。
1485年，兰开斯特家族的后代亨利都铎取得了博斯沃恩战役的胜利，建立了都铎王朝。
5. 1688年11月15日威廉在托尔比登陆并占领伦敦。
这一占领相对平静，既未流血也未处死国王，所以就称为―光荣革命6. 英国殖民扩张开始于1583年纽芬兰的殖民化。
在18世纪末、19世纪初，英国在海上的称霸，尤其是移民浪潮的高涨，鼓舞了英国殖民者，加速他们的扩张到加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰。
到1900年英国已建立了―日不落‖的大英帝国，包括受保护国、英国殖民地、势力范围和自治领，占世界人口与面积的25%。
7. 1973年1月，英国终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国。
1973年仍称为共同市场。
1973年英国经历了第一次石油禁运。
8. 1979年玛格丽特.撒切尔成为英国第一任女首相。
她提出的政策被为―撒切尔主义‖。
其内容包括国有工业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场9. 通俗报纸吸引那些需要娱乐性较强而又简单明了的新闻的人们。
共有3家通俗日报（《每日镜报》、《晨星报》、《太阳报》）和3家通俗周日报（《世界新闻报》、《星期日镜报》、《人民报》）10. 尽管网球已打了好几个世纪，但现代比赛却起源于19世纪末的英格兰。
主要比赛是一年一度的温布尔登两周赛，这是四大满贯网球锦标赛之一。
11. 1863年林肯总统的《解放宣言》和1865年的《宪法第13修正案》使奴隶制度正式瓦解。
废除种族隔离和人权平等导致了1960年的民权运动。
12. 美洲的第一块英国殖民地于1607年在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯建立。
从1607年到1733年间，英国在北美的东海岸建立了13个殖民地。
它们是弗吉尼亚、缅因、新罕布什尔、马塞、康涅狄格、纽约、罗得岛、马里兰、北卡罗来纳，南卡罗来纳、新泽西、宾夕法尼亚和佐治亚。
13. 1620年，清教徒前辈中的201人乘坐―5月花号‖船来到新大陆，在普利茅斯建立了殖民地。
清教徒和身为手艺人或农夫的清教徒前辈不同，他们富有，是受过良好教育的绅士。
清教徒不允许异教存在。
殖民者在新大陆建立了一种新的生活方式。
14. 1773年，几十名波士顿居民化装成印第安人，登上英国东印度公司的船，将茶叶倾入海中。
15.第二次大陆会议（1775年的列克星顿战役三周之后）：建立了大陆军和海军，任命华盛顿为总司令；指定了一个委员会负责起草一份正式宣言（托马斯。
杰斐逊起草），1776.6.4，通过了独立宣言。
16. 亚伯拉罕. 林肯:当林肯成为美国总统后，1861.4.12爆发战争，他意识到可以把战争变为反奴隶的正义战争，从而获得国内外对联邦的支持。
所以他颁布了著名的《解放宣言》。
这样英法各国站到了联邦一边，许多黑奴加入了联邦军。
17. 自1945年以来，美国经济进入了长达25年的繁荣期，经济繁荣的基本为汽车，住房和国防工业。
这期间，经济以平均每年3.5%增长。
国民生产总值从1946的稍高于2千亿美圆增长到1970的近1万亿美元。
18. 根据宪法规定，美国的司法权属于最高法院，司法体系结构为：最高法院，11个上诉法院，91个地方法院，3个有特殊司法权的法院，美国的法官是由总统任命并由参议院批准的。
19. 美国大学的入学体系：入学的普遍标准包括中学的顺利毕业，GPA，班级名次，标准化测验的成绩就像SAT和ACTP。
但是一些大学也实行开放式入学：他们允许所有中学毕业生或所有本州的所有居民。
20. 美国幽默大师马克吐温的著名作品包括：《著名的跳蛙》汤姆.《索亚历险记》; 《哈克贝利.芬历险记》，则是他最杰出著作，此外还包括其《浪迹海外》, 《密西西比河上》, 《镀金时代》《异乡奇遇》等。
列举题1.英国特产：苏格兰威士忌泰迪熊银器皮革制品烟斗威治活陶瓷器英国雪利酒英国红茶2.美国五大湖：苏必利尔湖、密执安湖、休伦湖、伊利湖和安大略湖3.四至五部英美电影或电视剧名称：自由发挥4.美国最为著名的六所大学：哈佛，耶鲁，普林斯顿，哥伦比亚，麻省理工学院，斯坦福，伯克利。
论述题：1.比较英美政治制度的异同英国创立了第一套西方资本主义政治制度体系，一向被誉为西方政治制度的源泉与典范；美国则在吸收、借鉴英国政治制度的基础上,结合本国国情加以调整，使本国的政治制度体系趋于完善。
英美两国政治制度具有相同的理论基础：“天赋人权”学说和“三权分立”原则但又各自呈现不同的特点：一、宪法的比较英国是典型的拥有不成文宪法的国家，没有统一、完整的书面形式，它的宪法体系极为复杂，由各种成文的法律和不成文的习惯、判例和宪法性惯例构成。
它缺乏严谨明确的内容，也缺乏首尾完整的体系。
美国的宪法是世界上第一部成文宪法。
美国宪法贯彻了彻底的三权分立，各部门分工明确各司其职。
总体而言，英国宪法具有柔性宪法的特点，它随时可以被议会变易或修改，而美国宪法则是刚性的；第二，英国宪法具有保守性。
英国具有从事改良事业的传统，历代制度既沿袭前代制度而又有所改革，而美国宪法则相对开放；第三，英国宪法具有连续性。
二、政党的比较两国都实行两党制但差别很大;1，从属的政体不同。
英国实行的是君主立宪制,国王是国家权力的象征，实际权力由内阁掌握。
而美国是民主共和制国家，实行的是总统制。
总统是国家元首，掌握国家大权。
2，组织结构和活动方式不同。
英国两大政党采取集中制，党有比较统一的政治主张、组织机构和社会基础，并且对议会投票有严格的纪律。
而美国两大政党组织松散，没有严密的组织系统和纪律，甚至没有固定的基层党员。
两大政党没有明确的政治纲领，只有竞选纲领。
3，美国不存在执政党与在野党问题，议会中多数党与少数党的权力差别不大；且执政党力量远远大于反对党；同时政党组织松散，议会中党员的凝聚力更弱。
三、选举的差别两国的普选制度也存在差异：英国的普选制实际上只是公民选举下院议员的制度，代议机关中的国王和上院都是非选举产生的。
而美国普选制实行的范围，与英国明显不同，不仅国会两院的议员，而且作为国家元首和政府首脑的总统及副总统，都是由公民直接产生的。
在选举费用上，英国的选举费用较少，而美国选举费用较多。
在选举权方面，英国不存在美国那样的法律障碍，没有反对选举的社会和种族压力，选区的划分也比美国更加公平合理。
在大选中，电视所起的作用不如美国总统选举中所发挥的作用大，对此政府有严格的规定。
而美国竞选活动复杂。
如在候选人资格上，美国存在一系列复杂的规定。
此外，电视在美国选举中起着重要作用，以至形成美国独特的“电视政治”现象。
2.英美饮食文化美国饮食文化两大主要因素一个是乡土性的地缘因素,一个是多元性的人为因素。
英美社会与文化考试复习题.docx
英美社会与文化复习题L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.The two main islands of the British Isles areSamuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ • A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English.A. half B ・ a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanicbecame the dominant religion in England• B. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityD. Roman ChristianityWestminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. AugustineC ・ William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A ・ Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman ConquestD ・ Adoption of common lawThe end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ •A ・ Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansA. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ・ Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and Germanwords toC. French and ItalianD. Latin and GreekThe evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______B. DutchC. German A. Norman influence.D. Danish TheBy the late 7th century,A. Celtic ChristianityC ・ Germanic Christianity B. Edward the ConfessorD. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ・ the House of TudorC.nobles and peasants D・ aristocrats and Christians_______ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A.Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC・ Provisions of Oxford D. Magna CartaThe Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the __________ century.A.17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thBritain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century.A.17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thThe British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ____________________________ .A. judiciary B・ legislature C. monarchy D・ executiveThe importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on __________ •A. passi ng the billsB. advising the govern me ntC・ political parties D・ public attitudeAs a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to __________ the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspectBritish Cabinet works on the principle of ________ .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivism D・ defending the individualsThe main duty of the British Privy Council is to _________ .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass bills D・ supervise the CabinetIn Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every _________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six_______ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A・ Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern IrelandGen erally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a _________ system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-party D・ multi-partyThe policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and __________ .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualismThe Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it _________ .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax system D・ enhaneed the economic developmentThe British economy achieved global dominance by the __________ ・A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880s D」890sIn ______ , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 1948The _______ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problemOf the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemployment D・ 1 owering old age pensionsThe Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except __________ ・A.limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemployment D・ reducing inequalityBritain has devoted ________ of its land area to agriculture・A.54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%Britain's important fishing areas include all the following except _________ ・A.the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around Ireland D・ The sea area between Britain and IrelandCoal mining industry in Britain provides ________ of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/3The car industry in Britain in mostly ________ .A. foreign-owned B・ state-owned C. joint-venture D. privately-ownedOf the following sectors in Britain, __________ has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agriculture B・ energy industry C. service industry D. manufacturing industryIn Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the _____________________ .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960sAbout _______ of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system・A. 5%B.6%C. 7%D. 8%Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except _____________________ •A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributionsOf the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interview D・ school referencesTo be admitted to the Open University, one need _________ .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC・ General Certificate of Education-Advanced D. General National Vocational Qualifications Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of . A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Daily TelegraphLife on Earth is a kind of ________ program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. feature B・ drama C. documentary D. soap opera______ is Britain's top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyBOf the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays・A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC・ friends enjoying each other's company D. families traveling overseasThe following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________ .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen's Christmas messageC. Boxing Day D・ Christmas pantomimeThe most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is __________ ・ A. poetryB. dramaC ・ novelD ・ pamphlet______ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence.^ A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B. Don JuanC. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads^D. Prometheus Unbound Of Dickens 9 novels, _______ is considered autobiographical ・A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations ______ is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century ・A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas HardyOf the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century ・B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".D. Treasure Island was a representative work. ______ is NOT included in the modernist group ・ A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. EliotOf the following books, _______ was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D'UrbendllesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the NativeOf the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group"・ B ・ She experimented with stream of consciousness ・ C ・ She was an influential feminist. The U. S ・ lies in ______ North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ________ and the Pacific to its ________ . A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, eastD ・ western, east, westThe largest river in the U ・ S ・ is ______ A ・ the Missouri River C. the Ohio River Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located __________A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific Coast C ・ in New EnglandD. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A. Samuel Beckett B. James Joyce Waiting for Godot is written by _______ A. Samuel Beckett C. William GoldingD. V. S. NaipaulThe United States has B. George Orwell C. William Golding stateson the continent.D. D. H. LawrenceA. 50B.49C. 48D. 35The state ofA. Alaska is the largest in area of all the states.B. Hawaii C ・ Texas D. FloridaB. the Mississippi RiverD. the Colorado RiverD. in the Midwest______ is located on the U・ S. -Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario・A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC.Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt LakeThe native Alaskan population includes the following except the _________ .A・ Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. BlacksThe largest minority in the United States is the ________ ・A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. AsiansThe Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly from __________________ .A・ Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South America The characteristic of dominant American culture is _________ .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB・ English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC・ English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD.English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classThe first successful English colony in North America was founded at _________ in ________ .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC- Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, GeorgiaPilgrim Fathers are a group of ____________ who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland ・A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. ChristiansThe Seven YearsWar occurred between the _________ •A. French and American IndiansB.French and SpaniardsC・ French and British D. British and American Indians"No taxation without representation^ was the rallying slogan of _________ .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 coloniesThe first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in _________ •A. Concord B・ Lexington C. Philadelphia D. BostonIn May 1775, _________ was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of ConfederationAbraham Lincoln issued ________ to grant freedom to all slaves・A・ Declaration of Independence B. ConstitutionC. Emancipation Proclamation D・ Bill of RightsThe policy of the United States was ________ at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasementPresident ________ applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A・ Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. KennedyThe Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents ____________ •A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC・ Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson 81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in ________ .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States _________ ・A.gives the most power to CongressB.gives the most power to the PresidentC・ tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD.gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights ________ .A.defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB.guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC.is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD.has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except ________ are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights・A.freedom of religionB.the right to get into people's house by policeC・ freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one's weapon if one wishes85.All the following except ________ cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC.lhe Secretary of State D・ the President86.The following except ________ are all powers of the President.A- vetoing any bills passed by CongressB・ appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC.making lawsD.issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be _________ .A- at least 35 years oldB・ at least a 14 years5 resident of the United StatesC.bom in AmericaD.all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are ________ and ________ years respectively.A. two, four B・ two, three C. two, six D・ six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of _________ justices・A. sixB. seven C・ eight D. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by _________ ・A. all citizens of America B・ the citizens over 18 years oldC・ electors elected by the voters D. the senators and representatives9L America produces a major portion of the world's products in the following fields except •A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from ____________ to _______ , and eventually,to _______ •A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB.farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC・ colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the ________ by the British King or Queen.A. political authority B・ economic rightsC.judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of __________ .A. George Washington B・ Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution^except ______ .A・ typewriter B. telephone C. electric light D. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a "Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except ________.A. MedicareB. Food Stampscation InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About _______ of American crops are for export・A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except _________ .A.Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enteiprises・B.Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports・C・ Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D.Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99. ______ is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors 100.At present, U・S. exports account for _______ of the worlcfs total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of _________ 、secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementary D・ private102.Of the following subjects, ________ are NOT offered to elementary school students・A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC.science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of __________ •A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, ________ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, _________ is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S・institutions ・A.choosing the presidentB.establishing policies for administrators and facultyC.approving budget and other financial projectD.decide which student to enroll106. To get a bachelor^ degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept _______ ■A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinations C ・ working for communities D. earning a certain number of credits107. Of the following universities, ________ has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard University B ・ Massachusetts Institute of Technology C. Princeton University D ・ Yale University108. ______ is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk ・ A. The Washington Post B. The New York Times C. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109. Of the following, _________ is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks inAmerica.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. ______ is regarded as "the father of American literature^.A. James Fennimore Cooper B ・ Ralph Waldo Emerson C ・ Thomas Jefferson D ・ Washington Irving113. Of the following, ________ is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne^s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114. Of the following, ________ is considered Herman Melville^s masterpiece ・A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller 115. Of the following, ________ is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain^s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116. Of the following writers, _______ is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117. E Scott Fitzgerald's finest novel is ________ , and its theme is about ________ .A- The Great Gatsby, the American Dream B. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Ag 匕 the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature11& Of the following books, ________ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell TollsA. the National Broadcasting System (NBS) C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) 110. The National Day of the United States falls onA. June 4thB. July 4th111. Of the following writers, ________ B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) C. June 14thD. July 14thare from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.119. Of the following writers, ________ is Not a Nobel Prize winne 匸A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O'Neil 120. ______ is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature ・A. Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James BaldwinII. State your understanding of the following questions. 1. How do British enjoy the Christmas day?Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Most British people celebrate it by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces. There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another tradition is the Queen's Christmas message, broadcast over the television and radio. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christinas.2. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production. 3. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and参考答案：1-10 A 11 -20 D 21-30 C 31-40 C 41-50 D 51-60 B 61-70 C 71-80 C 81-90 B 91-100C101-110 C111-120 CBCD D B C DBA B A C B B A C B D ABB BCD C B B C D D B B B D D C BCD CAB B C C D C D B C C C A C CCD BBC CCD DDB D C B D D A A C B A CD B D A B A C D D A DBA BAD A C D D D C B D A B B B BABequal interaction after gaining independence・ The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.4.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. It is an outcome of the American's assertions about the equality among people.The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education in the U.S. is governed by state and local governments, not by the national government.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Learning is not just a process of memorizing knowledge that already exists in books・ 11 is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis and synthesis・5.How is a President voted into office in America? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency・To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage , presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, every one knows who will be the n ext President as soon as the first stage is over.An open answer to the second part・6.Why can we say that Puritanism has much influence on America?a)Puritans were encouraged to read the Bible in order to better understand the God's will. Thus,education had been essential for Puritans, which education had been stressed during American history ・b)When Puritans came to America, they wanted to build "a city upon hill”—an ideal community.Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model of other nations・c)Puritans established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism, which hadhad much influence on the following generations.d)The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such asindividualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.。
英美文化复习重点
英美文化复习重点第一章古代西方哲学的发展一、Greek RationalismThe word “philosophy” is Greek for “love of wisdom” and has come to mean a systematic search for answers to life’s great questions.P11 Socrates (470—399 B.C.)名言⑴“One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing”P3⑵“he who know what good is, will do good.”P42 Plato (428—347 B.C.)名言⑴ The earlier natural philosophers asked “what allows our changing world to be based on something that is unchanging?”(不是Plato说的)Plato now asked, “what is eternally true”, “eternally beautiful”and “eternally good”? 真善美 P4⑵ If Plato’s motto was “mind over matter”then Aristotle’s motto was “matter over mind.”如果柏拉图的座右铭是“精神高于物质”，那么亚里士多德的格言是“财富高于物质” P53 Aristotle (385—323 B.C.)二、The Middle Ages(ca 476 A.D.—ca 1400A.D.)三、The Renaissance(ca 1400--1700)1 Rene Descartes (1596--1650) 笛卡尔 P8⑴He did not believe that man knew nothing. This belief led him to ask another important question, “what is the relatio nship between the body (matter) and the mind (spirit)?” according to Descartes, the human body is a perfect machine, followingnatural laws. But man also has a mind which interacts or operates independently from the body. 人体是一个完美的机器，遵循自然规律。
2024-2025学年高中英语Unit24Society英美文化欣赏(教师用书)教案北师大版选修8
-口语表达：学会在实际语境中运用所学词汇和短语，提高口语表达能力，如在讨论文化差异时能够使用“play a role in”、“make a difference in”等短语。
-写作能力：学会在写作中运用所学词汇和短语，提高写作质量，如在描述文化背景时能够使用“democracy”、“freedom”、“equality”等词汇。
-教育制度：了解英美国家的教育制度，如美国的大学申请、英国的学术体系等，以及相关词汇如“university application”、“academic system”等。
-交流方式：了解英美文化中的交流方式，如直接表达、间接表达、幽默等，以及相关词汇如“direct communication”、“indirect communication”、“humor”等。
（3）文本分析：在分析文本内容时，学生可能难以把握作者的观点和态度，需要引导学生学会从细节中寻找线索，培养批判性思维能力。
（4）语言运用：如何在实际语境中运用所学词汇和短语，对学生来说是一个挑战。需要通过大量练习和互动，让学生在实践中不断提高语言运用能力。
针对以上难点，教师应采取有效的教学方法，如情景教学、案例分析、小组讨论等，帮助学生突破难点，确保教学效果。同时，通过设置不同难度的任务，让所有学生都能在课堂上得到锻炼和提高。
教学难点与重点
1.教学重点：
（1）词汇与短语：本节课的重点是让学生掌握并熟练运用文本中出现的关键词汇和短语，如“play a role in”、“pay attention to”、“make a differencein”、“stay away from”和“grow up with”等。
（2）文化背景：了解和欣赏英美文化，特别是美国社会的特点，如美国梦、自由主义、个人主义等。
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点_刘炳善版(英语专业大三必备)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。
（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV）传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）本·琼生 Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）•《狐狸》（Volpone）•《练金术士》（The Alchemist）三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）•威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）《如此世道》（The Way of the World）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。
美国社会与文化复习资料(DOC)
US Entertainment---SportsPART I Choose the correct an swer.I. _____________________________________________ The most popular baseball league in the U.S. is . A. Major League Football B. Major League BaseballC. the America n LeagueD. the Nati onal League2」nnings are divided into ______ halves, referred to as the top and bottom of the inning.A 1 _B 2C 3D 43. ____ was a truly American originA FootballB baseball CBasketball D ice-hocky4. The 32-team ______ is the most popular and only major professional football league.A NILB NBLC NBA D_NFL5. The typical America n sports of baseball, basketball and football arose from games thatwere brought to America by ____ .A. Native America nsB. the first settlersC. the Africa n slavesD. En glish people6. Which of the followi ng sports is inven ted in the Un ited States?A. FootballB. BasketballC. BaseballD. SoccerPART II Fill in the bla nks1. Baseball is the oldest of the major America n team sports, though baseball is no Ion gerthe most popular sport, it is still referred to as the "national pastime. _________ “2. A baseball game is divided into nine periods of play, called innin gs.3. The National Basketball Association, is the world's premier men's professional basketball league and one of the major professi onal sports leagues of North America4. Football, known as gridiron or American football outside the U.S. and Canada, attracts more televisi on Viewers tha n baseball, and is con sidered the most popular sport in theUn ited States.5. The Un ited States is one of creators of the International Olympic Committee ________6. In 1994, the US hosted _the World Cup_, which sparked in creased in terest i n the sport.7. _Major League Baseball_ is the highest level of professional baseball competition inNorth America.8. The professi onal champi on ship game of _football_ is called the Super Bowl.9. Sports have contributed to racial and social integration and over history have beena social glue ” bonding the country together.III True or False Stateme nt1. ( T) Sports in the US not only provide recreation for its people, but also teachimporta nt values.IV Defi nitio n1. baseballIt is a game between two teams of 9 people. One team trying to gain points by hittinga ball and running around the field, the other tries to stop them by catching the ball andthrow ing it.2. NFLThere are two leagues the AFL (American Football League) and the NFC (NationalFootball Conference) which together are part of the NFL (Nati onal Football League)3. PATAt that stage, the team can earn one additi onal point by kick ing the ball through the goal posts, a Point After Touchdow n.V An swer questio ns 1. What importa nt role do sports play in America n society?US Values 2014I Fill in the bla nks.1. America ns believe that all people have an equal_opportunity tosucceed in life, despite the physical or economic conditions into which they were born.2. America ns focus more on the future than the past and eve n thepresent. Almost all energy is directed towards realizing a betterfuture.3. America n always cherishes the follow ing values: equality, respect, __________ gratitude, ----- loyalty, responsibility.— And, in depe ndence show up inmoder n America n families.II Choose the most appropriate an swer to each questi on orstateme nt.1. America ns are eve n disrespectful of those in authority. What is their prefere nee whe n they are called by people?A. Mr. or Mrs.B. first nameC. middle nameD.last n ameV Explai n each item in your own words1. America n DreamThe so-called American Dream , is a belief that as long as the UnitedStates after a hard struggle will be able to achieve the idea of a betterlife, that is, people have to work through their own hard work.VI Questi ons for short an swers1. The characteristics of un iformity in America n culture.With regard to Ian guage, there is no real regi onal or class variety in speech orusage.There is not much differe nee in habits and ways of livi ng. In gen eral people sharethe same ideas, ideals and objectives.America n people are almost en tirely an urba n society.In gen eral there is not much really dist in ctive regi onal architecture or cookery, music or literature.VII Questi ons for discussi on1. What characteristics of the American values in America impress youmost in the movie < Forrest Gump >?Unit 3 American HolidayFind the exact sig nals or descripti ons of each holidays respectively.Vale nti ne's Day: a festival of roma nee and affect ion by excha nging toke ns of loveSt. Patrick's Day : Be sure to wear gree nEaster: In Christia n coun tries it is celebrated as a religious holiday commemorati ng the resurrect ion of Jesus Christ,April Fools' Day: Play a clever (but harmless) trick or tell a joke to some one with a good sense of humorMothers' Day: earn ati onColumbus Day: It commemorates the discovery of America by Christopher ColumbusHalloween: “ Trick or treat ”Than ksgivi ng Day: turkey Christmas: Santa Claus and his rein deersDefin iti on:Preside nts ' DayIt honors two great America n Preside nts: Abraham Lincoln and George Wash ington. thirdMon day in Feb.Than ksgivi ng Day:It is the fourth Thursday in November , celebrates the first harvest of the Pilgrims after they survived their first win ter in the new world. The theme has always bee n peace and plenty .Martin Luther King ' s DayIt is on Jan. 15th to celebrate the birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr ., a great civil rightsleader who fought aga inst racial discrim in ati on.In depe ndence Day:On July 4th, celebrates the birthday of the U.S. with the sig ning of the Declarati on ofIn depe ndence.Vetera n's DayNovember 11, Also known as Remembra nee Day , Armistice Day . It honors all the brave serviceme n and wome n who have put their lives on the line to defe nd the rights and freedom of all America ns.Than ksgivi ng Day:The fourth Thursday in November , Celebrating a Harvest of tradition. The theme hasalways been peace and plenty .Christmas:December25 ,a joyful religious holiday when Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus ChristSanta Claus: -in folklore, a fat, bearded old man in a red suit who lives at the North Pole and bringschildre n prese nts at Christmas;Unit 5 America n Educati onI. Fill in the bla nks1. Education in the United States is provided mainly by government, with _____con trol and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local.2. Elementary school is for the students who are in Grade 1-6 , at the ageof 6-11.3. (Se nior) high school is for the stude nts who are in Grade 9-12, at the age of 14-17 . Defin iti on:Ivy League including 8 universities, namely Brown University, ColumbiaUn iversity, Corn ell Un iversity, Dartmouth College, Harvard Un iversity,University of Pennsylvania , Princeton University, Yale UniversityV. Expla nati on1. What will entitle American students to get the acceptance of collegeand uni versity1) the conditions of application for a college education:2) student 'high school records3) recomme ndati on from their high school teachers4) the impressi on they make duri ng in terview at the uni versity5) their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)VI. Compositi onI.What characteristics of the higher educati on in America impress you most?US General IntroductionI Fill in the bla nks.1. Since the time of independence of the United States, _________________ 48con ti nen tal states were added.2. Two states are separated from the continental US, that is Hawaii inthe Pacific _______ Ocean and Alaska to the northwest of Canada.3. In the US, there are 4 time zones form the east to west.4. “ WASP ” sta nds for White An glo-Sax on Protesta nt5. Among the Great Lakes, Lake Michigan is the only one entirely in theUn ited States.6. Washi ngton, D.C is n amed after George Washington and Christo __________ ColumbusOcea n to the west and Atla ntic Ocea n to the east.8. The federal district of USA is Washington, D.C. and the largest city is New York City9. Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part and the RockyMountains are in the western part.7. The country is situated mostly in central North America,with Canada_ to the north and Mexico to the south, the PacificII Choose the most appropriate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt.1. How many continental states were there at the time of independence ofthe US?A. 35B. 48C. 13D.502. Which of the following was the last continental state added to theUnion?A. Ken tuckyB. ArizonaC. PennsylvaniaD. Alaska3. Which of the following description of uniformity of American culture is not true?A. People in gen eral share the same ideas, ideals and objectivesB. There is no real regional or class variety in speech of usage of En glish.C. There is not much really distinctive regional architecture or cookery.D. Generally speaking people have the same ethnic background.4. Which states are geographically separated from the America nA_ Hawaii and Alaska. B Hawaii and Ariz ona con ti nent?C Arizona and AlaskaD Alaska and New York5. The biggest city in the US is _____ .A. Los An gelsB. New YorkC. ChicagoD. San Fran cisco6. Which two lakes con sist of Niagara Falls?A. Lakes Superior and Michiga nB. Michiga n and HuronC. Huro n and ErieD. Erie and On tario7. What are the five famous symbols of America n culture?ABarbie Doll, American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, TheStatue of LibertyB. Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty, Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, America nGothicC. America n Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, Coca-cola, The Statueof LibertyD. Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty8. What are the n atio nal rose and tree of US?A. rose and palm rose and oak - C. tulip and oak D. tulip and palmIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T) Hawaii became the 50 th states of the Uni ted States in the 1948.2. (F) The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Hispa ni cs.3. (F) The Grand Canyon is located in the state of Colorado.4. (T) The first thirtee n states of the Un ited States mai nly located alongthe easter n seaboard5. (T) Arizona was the last continental state which joined the Union inthe 1912.6. (T) Hollywood located in Los An gels.1. Fi nd the nickn ames of the followi ng States in the USA.Arka nsas: Land of Opport un ityCalifornia: Golde n StateColorado: Centennial StateFlorida: Sunshine StateHawaii: Aloha StateAlaska: Land of Midnight Sun; the Last Frontier ；Peninsula State Massachusetts: Old Colony State ; Bay StateV Explai n each item in your own words1. diversity of the peopleIt refers to the different origins of the immigrants (different ethnic backgrounds) and the differences between the first generation of immigra nts and Ion g-established America ns.2. Man hattan Isla ndIt is south-east part of New York City.It is the center of the City and includes things that are famous to the world: Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, the Empire State Building. Rockefeller Cen tre, the Un ited Natio ns Building, Cen tral Park, Harlem and so onVI Questi ons for short an swers1. Which was the “ mother country ”？The UK was considered as the mother country of the original thirteencolonies in North America.2. Why does Manhattan Island include everything that most people thinkof whe n they say “ New York ”？Because famous places like Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, theEmpire State Buildi ng, Rockefeller Cen tre, Cen tral Park, Harlem and so on are on this isla nd.Chapter 2 American History 2014II Questio ns and An swers on the Text1. Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mariner from Italy who voyaged to North America.2. When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3. Where and whe n was the first En glish colony foun ded?At Jamestow n, Virgi ni a, in 1607.4. How did the early coloni sts in Virginia man age to earn mon ey?They discovered a way to earn money by grow ing tobacco.5. Who established several settleme nts in New En gla nd?En glish Purita ns.6. When did the Pilgrims cross the Atla ntic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7. How many colonies had En glish settlers occupied by 1733?Thirtee n8. In colonial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to be attached to all n ewspapers?The stamp Act9. How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Con ti nen tal Con gress1. After the first shot of the America n War of in depe ndence was fired at Lex ingtonon April 19,1775, the Seco nd Continental Co ngress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2. It began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded aContinen tal Army and Navy un der the comma nd of George Wash ington, and bega nto print paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign powers. It adopted on July 4, 1776 the Declarati on of In depe ndence which was drafted by Thomas Jeffers on.The Bill of Rights1. In order to in sure in dividual liberties, ten ame ndme nts —the bill of Rights wereadded to the Con stitutio n in 17912. It guara nteed freedom of religi on, a free press, free speech, the right of citize nsto bear arms, protect ion aga inst illegal house searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protect ion aga inst“ cruel and unu sual puni shme ntsThe Ema ncipati on Proclamati on1. After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on Janu ary1, 1863 to win moresupport at home and abroad.2. It gra nted freedom to all slaves in areas still con trolled by the Con federacy.Recon struct ion1. After the Civil War, the US Con gress put forward the program of Rec on structio n, or reform, of the Souther nstates.2. The program was bitterly opposed by most Souther n whites3. It en ded in 1877, whe n new con stituti ons had bee n ratified in all souther n statesand all federal troops were withdraw n from the south.The Ku Klux Kla n1. After the Civil War, some souther n whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.2. It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests andadvantages by terrorizing blacks and preventing them from making social advances.3. By 1872, the federal gover nment had suppressed the Klan, but it revived several times in later history.Fran klin D. Roosevelt1. A former Democrat gover nor of New York state, he was elected preside nt in 1932.2. With in the historic “ Hun dred Days ” , he laun ched the New Deal program to dealwith the Depressi on3. He expla ined his politics to the public in a series Depressi on, many America ns con sidered him as one of themost respected preside nts in America n history.The Social Security Act1. As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act was passed in 1935.2. It established contributory old- age and survivors pen sions and a joint federal-state program of un employment in sura nee.Social ProblemI choose the correct answer1. Who is responsible for the War on Poverty?A Nixon BJohnson C Kennedy D Michael Harrington2. Which of the following is not drug?AMafia B Heroin C LSD D Cocaine3. Which of the following publishes the Uniform CrimeReports?A the CIAB The Law Enforcement AssistanceAdministration.C_The FBI D The Supreme Court4. Those arrested for crimes are disproportionately likelyto be three of the following except __________ .A a city residentB youngC a member of a racial majorityD male5. Drug abuse is a social problem because of the following dysfunctions except that ________ .A it is strongly associated with crimeB it is blamed for half of the annual total of road traffic fatalitiesC drug dependence takes a significant toll on personal health and safety D_the profits of organized crime associated with drug arean economic cost to society.II Fill in the blanks〔.Poverty reemerged as a social program in the 1960s andwas perceived as a condition that represented a glaring gap between American ideals and American reality. _______________2」n 1960s, two American Presidents, President Kennedy and President Johnson, tried to solve the problem of poverty.3. Name two of the programs that were associated with the War on Poverty: VISTA and Job Corps .4. Much of medifraud takes place in Medicaid mills. ___5. Name two kinds of outlawed drugs: heroin and LSD. __6. Drug abuse has become the most challenging social problem in the US.7. The large corporations maintain professional lobbyistsin Washington to further their own interests.III True or False1. (T) The earliest two medical insurance programs areBlue Cross and Blue Shield.2. (F) Former President Carter said that crime is America ' snumber one enemy .3. (T)The medical bills associated with serious illnessaccount for half of the bankruptcies in the United States each year .4. (T)The American crime statistic often overlook the white-collar .5. (F) Non-profit is the primary goal of Americanhealth-care system.IV answer the questions:Medicare and Medicaid:1. In 1965 Congress passed legislation creating two newhealth insurance programs —medicare and Medicaid.2. they are designed to make medical care more freely availablerespectively to the people over the age of sixty-five and the people with very low income.3. however, these programs have become a major cause of runaway costsin the medical system because the levelof fees is set by hospitals and doctors, at the federaland state governments.4. the programs also lead to rampant medifraud.Chapter 2 America n HistoryII Questions and Answers on the T ext1. Who was Christopher Columbus?He was a mari ner from Italy who voyaged to North America.2. When did Columbus set sail?In 1492.3. Where and when was the first English colony founded?At Jamestow n, Virginia, in 1607.4. How did the early coloni sts in Virginia man age to earn mon ey?They discovered a way to earn money by grow ing tobacco.5. Who established several settlements in New England?En glish Purita ns.6. When did the Pilgrims cross the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower?In 1620.7. How many colonies had English settlers occupied by 1733?Thirtee n8. In col on ial time, which act ruled that special tax stamps to be attached to all newspapers?The stamp Act9. How did a group of patriots in 1773The Second Con ti nen tal Con gress1. After the first shot of the American War of independence wasfired at Lexington on April 19,1775, the Second ContinentalCon gress met in Philadelphia in May 1775.2. It began to assume the functions of a national government. It foun ded aContinen tal Army and Navy un der the comma nd of George Washington, and began to print paper money and ope ned diplomatic relatio ns with foreig n powers. It adopted onJuly 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence which was drafted by ThomasJeffers on.The Bill of Rights1. In order to in sure in dividual liberties, ten ame ndme nts The billof Rights were added to the Con stituti on in 17912. It guaranteed freedom of religion, a free press, free speech,the right of citizens to bear arms, protection against illegalhouse searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protecti onaga inst “ cruel and unu sual puni shme nts ”The Eman cipati on Proclamatio n1. After the Civil War began, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamati on onJanu ary1, 1863 to win more support at homeand abroad.2. It gra nted freedom to all slaves in areas still con trolled by theCon federacy.Rec on structio n1. After the Civil War , the US Congress put forward the program of Recon struction, or reform, of the Southern states.2. The program was bitterly opposed by most Southern whites3. It ended in 1877, when new constitutions had been ratified inall souther n states and all federal troops were withdraw n from the south.The Ku Klux Kia n1. After the Civil War , some southern whites formed the Ku KluxKia n.2. It was a vioient secret society that hoped to protect whitein terests and adva ntages by terroriz ing blacks and preve nti ngthem from maki ng social adva nces.3. By 1872, the federal government had suppressed the Klan, butit revived several times in later history.Fra nkli n D. Roosevelt1. A former Democrat governor of New York state, he was electedpreside nt in 1932.2. Within the historic “ Hundred Days ” , he launched the New Dealprogram to deal with the Depressi on3. He explained his politics to the public in a series Depression,many America ns con sidered him as one of the most respected preside nts in America n history.The Social Security Act1. As part of the New Deal program, the Social Security Act waspassed in 1935.2. It established contributory old- age and survivors ' pensions anda joi nt federal-state program of un employme nt in sura nee.US Government and PolitiesI Fill in the bla nks. 4. The US Con gress can removea Preside nt by a special ki nd of political trial called impeachme nt 5. In 1971, a con stituti onal ame ndme nt set the minimum voti ng age at 186. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.7. Congress can override a presidential veto, but to do so, 2/3 of each chamber must vote in favor of the bill.II Choose the most appropriate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt.1. How many terms was Fran kli n Roosevelt elected for?A oneB TwoC Three DFour2. How many seats does the House of Represe ntatives have?A 635 B_100 C 435 D 3453. Who was the first US Preside nt resig ned from office?A An drew Joh nson B_ Richard Nixo n C Gerald Ford D Jimmy Carter5. The removal of Justices can only be done through ______ .A the Preside ntB the Con gress C_impeachme nt D the Supreme Court6. what is the most important weapon in the hand of Supreme Court? A. Veto B. Overrid ing a veto C. Impeachme nt D. Judicial review.7. There are curre ntly ___ Supreme Court justices on the ben ch. A. 7 B. 9 C. 11 D. 138. The role of the America n preside nt in cludes the followi ng EXCEPT __A. comma nd the armed forcesB. n egotiate and sig n treatiesC. pass lawsD. appo int certa in pers onnel9. Each members of Con gress is elected by the people of his or her state. The House ofReprese ntatives, with membership based on state populati ons, has ___ seats. A. 435 B. 100 C. 50 D. 20010. _____ w on the preside ncy four times but died shortly into his last term.A. George Wash ingtonB. Thomas Jeffers onC. Abraham Lin coln D_Fra nkli n Rooselvt 1. for both Houses are held in November each 2. The state executive power is give n to thepower is give n to the Preside nt 3. The executive , the legislature theFederal gover nment.The US preside ntial electio n is held in November each leap year, while electi ons even-nu mbered year. gover nor while the federal executive and the judicial are three bran ches ofIII Judge whether each statement is true(T) or false(F).1. (T)The supreme law in the US is the Con stituti on2. (F) The constitutional amendment in 1933 outlawed alcoholic liquor, but anotherame ndme nt allowed it aga in in 1919.3. (F) The Supreme Court is composed of eight Justices who are appo in ted for life by thePreside nt with the consent of the Sen ate .4. (T) The basic system of law in US courts has bee n developed from the En glish Com mon Law.5. (F) Most of the bills in troduced to Con gress can even tually become law .6. (F) For the US, one of the basic prin ciples is socialist democracyV Questi ons for short an swers1. The duty of gover nors1 to carry out the laws made by the legislative assembly2 to do those things that are n ecessary for the con duct of gover nment not n ecessarily based on specific legal powers2. Federalism1. the state give up their rights to con duct separate relatio ns with each other and withthe outside world, but each state kept the basic powers of government for itself within its own territory .the federal gover nment should have only the powers which are n ecessary for providi ng for the matters which are n ecessary for providi ng for the matters which are of com mon in terest to them all.VII Questi ons for discussi onCompared to other types of political systems, what can we lear n from America n desig n of gover nment? Please list two sets of merits and demerits of America n gover nment.US Entertainment——MusicPART I Choose the correct an swer.1. __ in ated in the 1940s of the Un ited States, beg inning to be pop inthe early 1950s and quickly beco ming popular in the world.A rockB country musicC musicalD pop music2. People called ______ as “ the king of rock musicA Michael Jacks on B. Elvis Aaro n Presley C Joh n Dennver D. George Strait3. Country music is rooted in the 1920s from the traditional in tegrated except with . ___ A. Gospel music B. Celtic music C. classical music D. In dia n music4. Michael Jacks on is the sec ond Elvis Presley, known as the . ____ A. Ki ng of Jazz B. King of Rock C. King of Pop D. King of Hip-hop5. Musical text by the follow ing several parts compositi on except . _____ A. Lyrics B. Score C. Singers D. book/script6. Who had won four trophies at the 2010 Grammy Awards? A Taylor Swift B. Just in Bieber C. Beyo nee D. Adele7. Typical Africa n America n musical styles in clude the follow ing except A. Jazz B. rock and roll C. hip hop D. folk music —8. Jazz ' s roots is believed to come from _______________ A. New Orlea ns B. Chicago C. Hust on D. San Fran cisco9. In the ____ , jazz became a major part of America n music A. 1920s B. 1930s C. 1980s D. 1960s 10. Country music bands of the early twentieth century primarily consisted of the followi ng in strume nts EXCEPT . _______ A. the fiddle B guitar C banjo D. pia no ______ 11. Hip-hop music bega n in _____ in the 1970s. A. New York City B. Appalachia n Mou ntai n C. California D. Nashville _ 12. ___ was a comb in ati on of jazz and other “ racefolk music, music with the lyrcontent and format of the blues.A. Rhythm&BluesB. Rock and rollC. Cou ntry musicD. FunkPART II Fill in the blanks1. Rock and roll developed out of coun try, blues, and R&B. _____2. Today subject of country music is “ the good old days . ”3. Rhvthm and Blues is the full translation of “ R&B ” , it still transition between Bruce and soul music.4. The Grammy Awards are prese nted annu ally by the Nati onal Academy of _________________Recording Arts and Sciences of the Unit ed States for outstandi ng achieveme ntsin the music in dustry.5. The typical represe ntative figure Cohe n said "Broadway musical father" ______________6. Musical orig in can be traced back to the 19th cen tury Operetta, Comedy and __________black play.III True or False Stateme nt1. (F) Common in strume nts used in country music are trumpet, pia no, andsaxophone.2. (T) Rock ' s meaning is to criticized the social problems bravely and let out tothe disc ontent of reality.3. (T) The typical represe ntative figure Cohe n said "Broadway musical father".4. (T) The Broadway musical can point in the Broadway musical stage area, refers to all the approximate Broadway musical style。
英国社会与文化期末复习资料
英国社会与文化期末复习资料英国概况：一、填空1. The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and the Northern Ireland.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England , Scotland andWales.3. The United Kingdom has a member of European Union since 1973.4. Britain is now a Multiracial society which produce a population ofwhich 1 of 20 are of non-European ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in Britain’s economic and culturallife.It’s not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of thethree major international financial centers in the world.6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis.7. Thames river flows through central London and it is a very importantriver.8. Edinburg is the capital of Scotland.9. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (George Ⅲ) current UnionFlag adopted on Jan.1st ,1801.10. National Day of UK is officially celebrated in Britain on the 2ndSaturday of June each year since February 1952.11. The largest lake in Britain is the Longh Neagh in Northern Irelandwhich covers an area of 396 km2.12. London Eye is the largest Ferris wheel(摩天轮）in Europe.2、选择1. The location of UK is the Europe.A. EasternB. WesternC. SouthernD.Northern2. All the following cities are major deep-water ports of UK , except.A. LondonB. LiverpoolC. BelfastD. Edinburgh3. The national flower of UK is .A.roseB.thistle D.daffodil D.shamrock4. All of the following except for , were tribes from the north whomoved into England in the 400s AD.A. AnglesB.SaxonsC.JutesD.Celts5. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a .A. poem about a hero named BeowulfB.newspaperC. historical recordD.novel6. Beowulf is .A. a long novelB.a long poem written by Geoffrey ChaucerC. a long poem by unknown storytellerD.a long novel written by W.William Shakespeare7. The Canterbury Tales was written by .A.Geoffrey ChaucerB. Thomas BecketC. PalamonD.Griselda8. The frame of The Canterbury Tales is .A. the pilgrims telling stories on their tripsB.the conflict between the friar and the summonerC. King Arthur’s courtD.the differences between the knight and the squire9. The Canterbury Tales is an unusual piece of literature from theMiddle Ages because .A. It d escribes the characters’ personalitiesB.it includes middle class charactersC. both A and BD.neither A and B10. There are stories in The Canterbury Tales.A. 5B. 26C. 15D. 6BDADC CAACB3、简答1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, GreatBritain, England, the United Kingdom and the BritishCommonwealth?2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?3. Does Britain have a favorable climate ? Why?4. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？Whichpart of Britain has he most rainfall and which part is the driest?英国教育填空1. State Schools are totally funded by the government and free to allBritish children.2. Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years :totalof 11 years in UK.3. Co-educated Schools admit both boys and girls.4.All British schools - State & Independent are required to followthe National Curriculum guide-lines set down by the government.5.The children begin secondary education at the age of 11 .6. Grammar schools select the children who get high marks in the “Eleven Plus”examination, or show academic potential.7.British universities receive funds from the central government .8.Two characteristics of University of Oxford and Cambridgeis College system and Tutorial system .9. Open University is U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education.10.University of London is a federation of colleges.单选1. A are funded by the fees charged to the parents.A. Independent SchoolsB.State SchoolsC.Co-educated SchoolsD.Public Schools2. Those wishing to gain entry to university must complete an additionaltwo years of D studies.A.GCSEB.SATC.Eleven PLusD.A Level3. Before primary schooling some chidren have an opportunity to attendthe few kingdergartens,whi ch are called“ C ”.A. Junior sectionB.Infant sectionC.Nursery SchoolsD.Secondary Schools4. Academic Year in UK begins in September, and is divided into threeterms, with holidays at B .A. Christmas, Easter, and in the winter.B.Christmas, Easter, and in the summerC.Christmas, Halloween, and in the summerD.New Year, Easter, and in the summer5. After 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, the students sittheir C exams.A. GCEA(General Cetificate of Education-Advanced)B. GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)C. GCSE(General Certificate of Secondary Education)D. A-Level6. After the students sit their GCSE exams, then they can concentrate onvocational training, and attend B exams.A.GCEA(General Cetificate of Education-Advanced)B.GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)C.GCSE(General Certificate of Secondary Education)D.A-Level7. There is only one privately funded university in UK, that isD .A. the University of ManchesterB. the University of CambridgeC. the University of OxfordD. the University of Buckingham8. Which one is the oldest university in the English-speaking world? CA. the University of ManchesterB.the University of CambridgeC.the University of OxfordD.the University of Buckingham9. The amount of funding each university receives is based on D .A. its sizeB. the number of students it teachesC. the research it conductsD. All of the above10. which university is not in Scotland? AA. the University of YorkB.the University of GlasgowC.the University of EdinburghD.the University of Aberdeen简答1. What is the purpose of the British education system?2. What is the difference between Chinese&British Education Systems?3. What is Open University?1 UK’s largest university for part-time higher education.2 It was founded in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.3 It is open to everybody.4 Courses are taught through TV,radio,英国政党：I.填空1. In Britian, the citizens aged 18 or over have the right to vote.2. In Britain, a candidate must be at least 21 or over with the deposit of ￡500 .3. The Liberal Demorats is the combination of the Social Democratic Partyand the Liberal Party .4. Currently the three dominant political parties in UK are the Conservativeparty , the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrat .5. The Party which holds a majority of the seats in parliament forms agovernment , with its party leader as Prime Minister .6. Churchill is the member of Conservative party .7. The current leader of liberal democratic party is Nick Clegg , who is thedeputy PM.8. A Hung parliament refers to the condition where no party was able tocommand a majority in the House of Commons .9. The class system does exist in British society , which includes Working-class , Middle-class , hereditary aristocracy .10. The majority of recent immigrants are from south Asia —— India ,Pakistan and Sri Lanka and Caribbean coutries —— Jamaica andTrinidad .Ⅱ选择1. Who has the rights to vote for the Members of Parliament forming theHouse ofCommons of the parliament of UK. DA. lordB.criminalsC.the legally insameD.citizens over 182. On Tuesday 11 May , Gordon Brown announced his resignation asPrime Minister ,marking the end of 13 years of A government.A. LabourB. The Conservative partyC. The Liberal DemocratD.the Libaral Party3. In 2010 , Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, who then invited B to form agovernment andbecome Prime Minister .A. Cordon BrownB. David CameronC. Nick CleggD.Tony Blair4. Coalition talks began immediately between the Conservatives and Candlasted for five days .A.the Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. the Liberal DemocratsD.The Tory5. A Refers to where no party was able to command a majority in the House ofCommons .A. hung parliamentB. shadow parliamentC. parliamentD. cabinet6. The Conservative party was foundedin 1834 out of the oldD , whichitselfhad been found in 1678 .A. Labour PartyB. The LiberalC. WhigsD.Tony Party7. She advocated the idea of small government and free-maeketeconomics.During herterm as the Prime Minister , she carried out policies to B and to cut tax rates .A. nationalize the privateB. privatize the nationalized industryC. Establish the private industryD.invest the private industry8. In 1948 ,The Labour government set up the National Health Service toprovide highquality A for all free .A. healthB. educationC. transportD.industry9. If the government loses a B in the House of Commons , that is , if amajority ofMPs agree , then it has effectively lost its ability to govern and is forced to resignand call a general election .A. First-Past-the-PostB. “vote of no confidence”C. Winner-takes-allD.majority of support10.The ideal of the liberal Democrats is to C .A. Provide free welfaresB.cut the taxesC. giving “power to the people”D.solve the unemplaymentⅢ.简答1. What are the effects of Immigramts ?2. What is the meaning of First-Past-the-Post in British election ?3. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party ?4. What are the main policies of the Labour Party ?英国政府：一、填空1. The UK still keeps an old fashioned government on the basis of constitutional monarchy .2. Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or queen .3. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ has crowned since 1952 .4. Elizabeth Ⅱ is the current monarch of UK .5. UK has a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament .6. King John of England agreed to sign The Magna Carta , in 1215 , to the demands of hisbarons.7. The members of House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal .8. Windsor Castle 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of London on the Thames , has been theresidence of England’s royal family for 900 years .9. The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections held at leastevery five years .10. Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign.11. The Cabinet meets regularly , usually once a week , in one of the rooms in the PrimeMinister’s official residence No.10 Downing street .12. The House of Commons consists of 651 members elected from the country’s 651constituencies with Mr. Speaker as the chairman in debates .2、选择1. In the United Kingdom , ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation ofC .A.the Lord ChancellorB. the MonarchC.the Prime MinisterD.the King2. During World War Ⅱ,as a war leader , D received massive popular support and led thecountry to final victory in 1945 .A.Harold WilsonB. Margaret ThatcherC.Franklin RooseveltD.Winston Churchill3. On accepting D , the age of constitutional monarchy , of a monarchy with powers limitedby Parliament , began.A.Constitutional LawB. The Declaration of IndependenceC.Civil LawD.Bill of Rights4. In Britain , a B is held when a Member of Parliament dies , retires or resigns .A.civic electionB. by-electionC.popular electionD.general election5. All of the following , except for D were the most imporant provisions of the GreatCharter .A.No tax should be made without the approval of the council.B.No free man should be arrested or imprisoned unless convicted by a jury of his fellowcitizens.C.Merchants should be permitted to move about freely .D.The king renounced his crown .6. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until A .A.1918B. 1916C.1920D.18967. The parliament was a B word for a talking-place ./doc/3a9295007.html,tinB. FrenchC.RomanD.Greek8. Joan of Arc lived during the B century .A.14thB. 15thC.16thD.17th9. Joan lived and fought in B .A.CreeceB.FranceC.RomeD.England10. As soon as William had been crowned , he began to organize the government of England onthe system that had been so successful in Normandy.This is called C system , and it wasbased on the ownership of land.A.the constitutionalB. capitalistC.feudalD.royal3、简答1. Compare the government system of UK with that of UA .2. Describe the power of the queen .3. What are the functions of parliament？4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament.简答题：概况1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles,Great Britain,England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?(1)an island country surrounded by four seasto the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europeto the east by the North Seato the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean(2)located off the northwest coast of Europe ,looking west to America3.Does Britain have a favorable climate ? Why?Yes , it does .a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole yearthe temperature varies within a small range.4. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？Whichpart ofBritain has he most rainfall and which part is the driest?(1) The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences byheating upthe land in winter and cooling it off in summer.The south-west winds blow over the country all the year round , bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate .The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British isles and warms them .(2)政府1. Compare the government system of UK with that of UA .The System of Government in the UK(1)It is a monarchic 君主政体的 government with the Queen as the head of thestate (constitutional monarchy君主立宪制)(2)It is a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament(Parliamentary Democracy)(3)It is a unitary government with a strong central governmentThe System of Govenment in the USA(1)The United States is federal country with a presidential government .(2) Federalism联邦制度——the division of the powers of government betweenthe nation and the state in the United States .(3)The Separation of Powers ——the separation of powers among the three departments of the Federal Government.2. Describe the power of the queen .The power of the queen is nowhere defined as Britain has no written constitutionand many of the rules that govern the system are customs or conventions .(1)Theoretically , the Queen has all the power :1 She is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to alllaws.2 She may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments .3 She is the commander指挥官- in-chief of the armed forces .4 She is the temporal head of the Church of England.5 She also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges , officers of thearmedforces , governors, bishops主教and diplomats .6 She has the power to conclude treaties , to declare war upon and make peacewith other nations .(2)In practice, the role of the monarchy(symbolic):1 symbolise the tradition and unity of the British state ;2 set standards of good citizenship and fimily life ;3 a confidante知己的女友to the Prime Minister .3. What are the functions of parliament?(1)passes laws;(2)provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation;(3)scrutinizes仔细检查，详审government policy , administration and expenditure;(4)debates the major issues of the day .4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament.(1)the Queen(2)the House of Lords(3)the House of Commons政党5. What are the effects of Immigrants ?Positive:increases the variety and interest within English culture; a varied cuisine;new forms of popular music; different religious beliefs/contributions to society;Relatively tolerant countryNegative:inequality and discrimination do exist ;depends on the attitude of some oftheir white neighbor;view the newcomers as a threat to their way ofliving/troublein the process of assimilating the immigrants;economically poorer than the whitepopulation6. What is the meaning of First-Past-the-Post in British election ?First-Past-the-Post was coined as an analogy类比to house racing(1)The winner of the race is the first to pass a particular point on the track.(2)All other runners automatically and completely lose .(3)The payoff is “winner-takes-all”赢者统吃(4)The candidate must receive the largest number of votes in their favour wins.7. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party ?4. What are the main policies of the Labour Party ?经济1. What is “British Disease”?(1)a term used to characterize Britain’s economic decline after the wars(2)Britain’s slow growth of productivity, soaring inflation, and large unemployment2. What causes the relative decline of UK Economy?(1)heavily into dedt in order o finance the war(selling many accumulated overseasassest,borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada)(2)the era of the British Empire was over——decolonnization 殖民地独立(lossesof raw material& market)(3)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)文学4. What does “Byronic Hero” mean ?The “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiority in his passions and powers , this Byronic hero would shoulderthe burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society , and would fight aloneagainst any type of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moralprinciples with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict isusually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.5. Comment on Hamlet .Hamlet is the most popular and controversial tragedy.Shakespeare expresses hisgreat praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanistthinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in whichhe lived.Hamlet’s revenge is not a personal matter. What troubles him most is the injustice,conspiracy and betrayal in the wicked society .Hamlet is tragedy of “blood and thunder”.教育1. What is the purpose of the British education system?2. What is the difference between Chinese&British EducationSystems?6. What is Open University?(1)UK’s largest university for part-time higher education.(2)It was founded in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.(3)It is open to everybody.(4)Courses are taught through TV,radio,videos and a network of study centers.。
英美国家社会文化 期末题目及要求 2014
南昌大学2014～2015学年第一学期期末考试试卷（概况）姓名：学号：学院：Choose to answer two of the following questions in English based on what you have learned from the course with about 150 words for each question.（Back side can be used）1. How did Britain fall from the Sun rising country to a second developed country in the world?(E.g. when, why, how, who… )2. My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin, features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.3. Compare briefly the impacts of the World War 1 and World War 2 on the UK and the USA.说明：选择三个中的两题，英文作答，可以正反面纸张写，页面四边留出1.5厘米左右空隙。
1.请用A4 大小的纸张，以免试卷丢失。
2. 不能抄袭他人的，雷同卷会给零分。
3. 所选做的题目要抄题号和题目再作答。
4. 需要英文手抄的，不要打印。
以上中文要求不要抄在卷子上。
2 My understanding of American “Melting Pot”(e.g. its origin, features, significance…) and “Salad Bowl”.The melting pot is a metaphor used to describe the fusion of different nationlities,ethnicities and cultures,which was equated with Americanization. Maybe it was the idealized process of immigration and colonization.The United States population is a “melting pot”for it is made up of people from many ethnic and cultural backgrounds.However melting pot means in a way immigrants from around the world in the United States no longer has its own traditions and cultural identity, they are mixed up to one kind culture-- American culture,which like different metals smelting together to form a new composite metal. It seems that melting pot is a little bit out of fashion . Throughout the United States different immigrant cultures remain everywhere, many have retained their original traditions and even not fit into mainstream American society and culture.There is no typical American. Originating from a multitude of ethnic backgrounds, Americans come in all shapes, sizes, colors, and ages. They practise a rainbow of religions and have a variety of political beliefs.The populations are growing more diverse all the time. This broad mix of races and heritages makes a wonderful blend of energy, talent, and creativity. For good reason, the country's motto is E pluribus unum: From many to one.now SALAD BOWL is generally used to describe American culture.In the salad bowl model,various American cultures are juxtaposed,just like salad ingredients.Immigrant populations within the United States are not being blended together in one "pot", but rather they are transforming American Society into a truly multicultural mosaic.This idea proposes a society of many individual cultures in addition to the mixed culture that is modern American culture ,and the term has become more politically correct than melting pot英国曾经是叱咤风云的大国，是第一个工业化国家，引领了世界工业革命的浪潮，其辉煌达两个世纪之久。
英语国家概况(2)课程2021年下学期期末复习指导
英语国家概况(2)课程2021年下学期期末复习指导英语国家概况（2）课程2021年下学期期末复习指导英语国家概况（2）课程是英语专业选修课程，帮助英语学习者了解和扩大有关美国、新西兰和加拿大的社会与文化的背景知识，如历史、地理、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的概况。
同时，通过有关题目的学习以及相关的配套练习，使学习者扩大词汇量、增强阅读能力，达到提高英语总体水平的目的。
为指导湖南广播电视大学英语国家概况（2）课程的考试命题和组织工作，以及帮助学生行之有效地复习好这门功课，提高教学质量，特制订期末复习指导如下。
一、备考范围和重点1.备考范围本课程的复习范围为教材《英语国家社会与文化入门》（下册），高等教育出版社，2021年6月第三版的22个教学单元，其中1-2单元是与新西兰有关的内容；3-16单元是与美国有关的内容；17-22单元是与加拿大有关的内容。
2.备考重点本课程的复习重点为教材《英语国家社会与文化入门》（下册）的第3-第16教学单元，约占期末终结考试的80%。
14个重点单元的主要内容如下：theunitedstatesofamericaunit3americanbeginningsunit4thepoliticalsystemintheunitedstatesunit5americaneconomyunit6religioninthe unitedstatesunit7americanliteratureunit8educationintheunitedstatesunit9socialmovementsofthe1960sunit10socialprobl emsintheunitedstatesunit11americanwayoflife:asearchforcrediblegeneralizationuni t12thewomen’sliber ationmovementinamericaunit13technologyinamericaunit14post-wwiiamericanforeignpolicyunit15sportsandscenicsportsinamericaunit16americanpopularculture:movieandmusic美利坚合众国部分第3单元美国起源第4单元美国的政治体制第5单元美国的经济第6单元美国的宗教第7单元美国的文学第8单元美国的教育第9单元二十世纪六十年代的社会运动第10单元美国的社会问题第11单元美国生活方式：找寻可信的简单化第12单元美国的妇女解放运动第13单元美国的技术第14单元二战后的美国外交政策第15单元美国的体育与观光体育第16单元美国的通俗文化：电影与音乐新西兰部分（1-2单元）和加拿大部分（17-22单元）约占到期末考试内容的20%，新西兰部分重点掌控第1单元国土、人民与历史和第2单元政治制度、教育与经济；加拿大部分重点掌控第17单元国土和人民，第18单元加拿大的政府和政治体制和第20单元加拿大经济。
《英美社会与文化》期末考试
《英美社会与文化（1）》期末考试
一、考察内容
能力测试+课本文化知识+课外阅读材料（课本出题的章节和范围包括：英美历史、政治、经济、教育、娱乐（包括传媒、节日）。
二、考试题型
1. Reading Comprehension阅读4篇，20个题目，每题1.5分，共30分。
前2篇，为大家发的资料里面的阅读材料。
每篇5个问题。
形式为：判断对错，或者排序，或者选择（考试题目出题教师可以自行编写）。
后2篇，课外水平测试，难度为雅思或托福或考研阅读。
四选一。
2. Cloze（课外，6级以上难度）
完形填空1篇，20个题目，每个0.5分，共10分。
3. 文化知识填空（根据课本课后题改编），共10分。
10个题目（每个题目含有1或2个问题，但不超过2个，问题如果是2个（每个0.5分）。
（比如，美国的两大主要政党________and________.），每题1分。
4. 判断对错（课本课后题）20个题目，每个0.5分，共10分。
5. 选择（课本课后题）20个题，每个0.5分，共10分。
6. 简答（课本课后题） 5个题，每个4分，共20分。
7. 写作（雅思大作文或托福作文）1个，共10分。
1。
（完整word版）《英美社会与文化》试题库
（完整word版）《英美社会与文化》试题库《英语国家社会与文化》复习资料第一部分课程考核说明1、考核目的通过考试，了解学生对本课程的基本内容、重点和难点的掌握程度，以及运用本课程的基本知识、基本方法和基本理论分析和解决实际问题的能力。
同时还考察学生在平时的学习中是否注意了理解和记忆相结合，理解和运用相结合。
2、考核方式：闭卷考试。
3、适用范围、教材和参考资料本试题库适用范围为英语本科专业。
试题命题的参照教材为An Outline Introduction to Britain and America(来安方等编著)，参考资料包括Survey of Britain and America(张奎武主编)、Understanding the US and the UK(许鲁之编著)、English-speaking Countries: A Survey(余志远主编)。
4、命题依据本试题库依据是《英美社会与文化》课程的教学大纲、教材。
5、考试要求主要考核学生对课程基本知识及概念、基本理论和基本技能的理解和应用能力。
在能力层次上，从识记、领会和应用三个角度来要求。
识记是要求学生掌握本课程的基本知识和相关概念；领会是要求学生在掌握基本理论、基本方法的基础上，能融会贯通；应用是要求学生能综合运用所学的内容，对课程中的有关问题进行讨论，作出自己的评价。
6、试题类型及结构试题类型及分数比重大致为：单项选择题（20%）+简答题（20%）+概念题（30%）+论述题（30%）。
第二部分基本概念Explain the following terms in English1. the Thames River2. Alfred the Great3. Open University4. the Glorious Revolution5. the British Commonwealth.6. the Black Death.7. Constitutional Monarchy. 8. the welfare state.9. the Magna Carta 10. the Wars of Roses11. the National Healthy Service 12. Public school13. Keynesianism 14. grammar school15. National Eisteddfod 16. the Jury System17. Bloody Mary 18. the People's Charter of 183819. Agribusiness 20. the Open Structure21. the dissenters 22. New Scotland Yard23. Sto nehenge 24. Hadrian’s Wall25. the open-field farming system 26. Heptarchy27. the Witan 28. Vikings29. the Danelaw 30. crusades31. Joan of Arc 32. the Lollards33. Enclosures 34. Star Chamber35. Renaissance 36. humanists37. the Divine Right of Kings 38. The Gunpowder Plot of 160539. the Grand Remonstrance 40. The Commonwealth41. Diggers 42. Levelers43. farmer George基本知识Ⅰ、Read the following unfinished statement on question carefully. For each unfinished statement on question foursuggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Chose the one which you think best completes the statement or answers the questions1. There are three natural Zones in Scotland. Which is the exception?A) Highlands in the north B) the Central LowlandsC) the Easters Uplands D) the Southern Uplands2. River is the most important river in ScotlandA)Tweed B)Tyne C)Thames D)Clyde3. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in _______A) 1931 B)1991 C)1923 D)19304. The first known settlers of Britain wereA) the Iberians B) the Celts C) the Beaker Folk D) the Romans5. , the great Roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC.A) Emperor Claudius B)Julius Caesar C) Alfred D) William6. At the time of the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Saxon English was headed byA) Tostig B)Godwin C) Eudemon D) Harold7. For nearly years, Britain was under the Roman occupation.A) 300 B) 400 C) 500 D) 6008. When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, was the only part of France that was still in the hands of English.A) Flanders B) Slugs C) Calais D) Potion9 was the founder of Angevin(or Plantagenet) Dynasty.A) HenryⅠB) HenryⅡC) King John D) Edward Ⅵ10. CharlesⅠcalled his third parliament in 1628, at this parliament he was forced to accept the Petition of Right, regarded as the SecondA) Magna Carta B) Bill of Rights C) Long ParliamentD)Provisions of Oxford11. is generally regarded as the beginning of modem world history.A) The Puritan Revolution B) The RenaissanceC) The Great Charter D) The English Reformation12. The restoration of the House of Stuart happened in the year The monarch who restored wasA)1660, Charles II B)1685, James II C)1660, James IID)1685,Charles II13. is the best known of the "metaphysical poets".A)Edmund Spenser B) Philip Sidney C) John Done D) Ben Jonson14. The Tories were the forerunners of the which still bears the nickname today.A) the Liberty Party B)the Labor PartyC) the Conservative Party D)the Communist Party15. The English Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century started with the __ industry.A) coal-mining B) textile C) shipbuilding D)iron and steal16. By Britain had built up a big empire "on which the sun never set".A)1839 B)1799 C) 1900 D)190517. The Labor Party had its origins in __, which was formed in 1893 and led by Kin Hardin.A) the Labor Representation Committee B) the Independent Labor PartyC) the Conservative Party D) the Trades Union Congress18. is often referred to as the "Silicon Glen" in Britain.A) The area between London and South Wales B) Liverpooland Merseyside RegionC) The area between Glasgow and Edinburgh D) The Cambridge areas of East Anglia19. The main textile producing region of Britain are the following exceptA) Yorkshire B) Northern Ireland C) West Midlands D) Humberside20. An outstanding feature of British economic recovery in the 1803 was its .A) inflation B) length C) unemployment D) privatization21. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 underA) the Atlantic Ocean B) the North SeaC) the English Channel D) the Pacific Ocean22. The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at leastA) the 9th century B) the 8th century C) 1649 D) 168923. The main functions of Parliament are following exceptA) to pass laws B) to debate the major issues of the dayC) to advise the Sovereign to approve certain government decreesD) to examine government policy and administration24. The beginning of the Second Civil War in England was the yearA) 1645 B) 1646 C) 1647 D) 164825.The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of members of Parliament.A) 524 B) 651 C) 336 D) 61026. are the two major political parties in Britain today.A) The Labor Party and the Conservation PartyB) The Conservation Party and the Liberal PartyC) The Liberal Party and the RepublicansD) The Liberal Party and the Labor Party27. Appeals in criminal cases in English and Wales can be heard by the following courts exceptA) the Court of Appeal B) the Magistrate CourtC) the Crown Court D) the High Court28. The High Court has 3 divisions, which is the exceptA) Family Division B) Commercial DivisionC) Chancery Division D) Queen's Bench Division29. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control ofA) the Lord Chancellor B) the Home SecretaryC) the Prime Minister D) the Ministry of Defence30. is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases of U. K.A) The House of Commons B) The Court of ApealC) The High Court D) The House of Lords31. of the following is not the non-contributory Social Security benefits.A) War pensions B) Maternity allowance and widow's benefitC) Child benefit D) Family credit32. The religions leader of the Church of England isA) Archbishop of Canterbury B) Archbishop of York C) Lord chancellor D) Queen33. Education is compulsory for all between the ages of and __ in Great Britain except in Northern Ireland.A) 5, 18 B) 4, 18 C) 5, 16 D) 4, 1634. National newspapers are popularly divided into 3 groups, is the exception.A) quality papers B) popular papers C) Sunday papers D) mid-market papers.35. The State-run BBC is financed from theA) commercial B) the sale of TV set C) the public funding D) the sale of TV licenses36. is the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe.A) Football B) Cricket C) Horse racing D) Snooker37. Under the old Selective System, English children who have marks in the "eleven plus"examination go on toA) grammar schools B) public school C) technical schools D) secondary modern schools38. The Puritans were originally an extreme sect.A) Catholic B) Jewish C) Orthodox D) Protestant39. Christianity was introduced into Britain byA) the Anglo-Saxons B) the Celts C) the Romans D) the Norman-French40. About percent of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools.A) 60 B) 70 C) 80 D) 9041. is the official name of the United Kingdom.A) Great Britain B) The Britain Isles C) EnglandD) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland42. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain, is the exception.A) England B) Wales C) Northern Ireland D) Scotland43. Britain is surrounded by the sea which lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off ofEurope.A) the south coast B) the west coast C) the east coast D) the north coast44. The commonest English name "Smith" comes from thename "Schmidt".A) German B) France C) Spain D) Gaelic45. brought the new religion, Christianity to Britain.A) The Anglo-Saxons B) The Romans C) The Normans D) The Celts46. When the Northumbrians submitted to the King Egbert and took him for their master in 829actually became an overlord of all the English.A) Offa B) Egbert C) Kent D) William47. Which of the following is Not true about the Anglo-Saxons?A) They divided the country into countiesB) They divided the narrow-trip 3-field farming systemC) They established the manorial systemD) They laid the foundation of the English State48. The Canterbury Tales, which describes a group of traveling into Canterbury to visitThomas Backer's tomb.A) Protestants B) Catholics C) Pilgrims D) Puritans49. The Hundred Year's War is given to the intermittent war between and that lasted from 1337 to 1453.A) France … England B) the U. S … BritainC) Germany … England D) French … Germany50. By 1453 was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.A) Slugs B) Flanders C) Poiton D) Calais51. The name Wars of the Roses was coined by the great 19th century novelistA) Sir Walter Scott B) Ben JonsonC) Edmund Spenser D) Christopher Marlowe52. Three of the following were characteristic of the Elizabethan age. Which is the exception? __A) Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.B) Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.C) This was the age of the adventure on the sea.D) This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed.53. The Renaissance began in in the early 14th century.A) Britain B) Greece C) Italy D) France54. The English Renaissance was largelyA) political B) economical C) social D) literary55. greatly influenced the early works of Shakespeare.A) Marlowe B) John Donne C) Roger Ascham D) Francis Bacon56. The most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was the Gunpowder plot of .A) 1742 B) 1605 C) 1615 D) 161157. was condemned to death and executed on a scaffold outside the windows of the Banqueting House at Whitehall on January 30, 1649.A) James I B) Charles I C) James VI D) Charles VI58. is generally regarded as the beginning of modem world history.A) The English Civil War B) The RenaissanceC) The English Reformation D) The Wars of Roses59. In the Parliament Act was passed, severely limiting the power of the lords andestablishing the Commons as the Supreme legislative body.A) 1910 B) 1911 C) 1912 D) 191360. There are mainly fanning types in Britain. And most are reared in factoryfanning.A) 5, sheep B) 6, sheep C) 5, chickens D) 6, chickens61. British motor industry is now dominated by four firms which is the exception?A) Ford B) Peugeot C) the Rover group D) Volkswagen62. Britain is the largest trading nation in the world.A) fifth B) first C) third D) fourth63. A General Election takes place at least years and MPs are elected.A) 3, 650 B) 4, 651 C) 5, 651 D) 6, 65064. The Britain Parliament consists of three parts exceptA) the Sovereign B) the CabinetC) the House of Lords D) the House of Commons65. Succession to the throne is founded on the in Britain.A) hereditary principle B) Common Law C) Statute Law D) Conventions66. The U. K is a state.A) republic B) federal C) unitary D) none of above67. The National Health Service was established in the U. K inA) 1928 B) 1938 C) 1948 D) 195868. Nearly a of government expenditure is devoted to the social security prograrm.A) 1/2 B) l/3 C)1/4 D) l/569. Except that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinctionto member of all churches or of none.A) the Lord Chancellor B) the Prime Minister C) the HomeSecretary D) the Attorney General70. is not the Christian festival.A) Christmas B) Good Friday C) Easter D) Whit Sunday71. Unestablished churches in Britain includeA) the Anglican churches B) the Free churchesC) the Roman Catholic church D) all of the above72. Which of the following belongs to the popular papers?A) The Times B) The Guardian C) The Daily Telegraph D) The Daily Express73. The Chartist Movement was the first nation-wide __ and drew attention to serious problems.A) farmers' movement. B) trader's movementC) literature campaign D) working class movement.74. was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control.A) Henry II B) James VI C) Henry D) James I75. is the chief Christian festival.A) Easter B) Christmas C) New Year's Day D) Guy Fawkes Day76. The Queen is the centre of much ofA) the nation's ceremonial B) the ancient traditionC) the leader of society D) all of the above77. The Thatcher government adopted an economic programme known as" "A) Keynesianism B) MonetarismC) Medium-term Financial Strategy D) Long-term Financial Strategy78. The Norman Conquest refers to the Conquest of England by the Normans under in .A) William of Orange/1660 B) William of Normandy/1066C) William the Conqueror/1660 D) William III/106679. In England and Wales __ recommends the High Court andcircuit judges.A) the Secretary of State. B) the Home Secretary.C) the Attorney General. D) the Lord Chancellor.80. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A) Twelfth Night B) Othello. C) The Tempest D) Richard II81. is a mountain chain know as the "Backbone of Northern England''.A) The Pennies B) Ben Nevis C) Scafell D) None of above82. The largest lake in Britain is Longh Neagh, it is located inA) England B) Scotland C) Northern Ireland D) Wales83. part of Britain has the most rainfall.A) The northwestern B) The southeastern C) The western D) The eastern84. The most important historical monument left to us by the ancient Iberians was .A) mound B) Stonehenge C) stronghold D) the Hadrian's Wall85. The successful Roman invasion of Britain happened in A.D.A) 25 B) 35 C) 45 D) 4386. Beginning from the mid-5th century, the three most powerful tribes came to Britainexcept .A) Angles B) Saxons C) Celts D) Jutes87. William I replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxons Kings, withA) the Grand Council B) the Great CouncilC) the Private Council D) the Privy Council88. The Canterbury Tales was written byA) Geoffrey B) T. S. Eliot C) Sir Thomas Wyatt D) Sir ThomasMore89. English Parliament began to come into being in the century.A) 11th B) 12th C) 13th D) 14th90. The end of the Wars of the Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Dynasty.A) Plantagenet B) Tudor C) Angevin D) none of above91. The Act of union in the year 1707 united andA) England, Wales B) Wales, ScotlandC) England, Scotland D) Scotland , Northern Ireland92. The most famous of the Catholic Conspiracies against King was the Gunpowder Plotin .A) James I, 1603 B) Charles I, 1603 C) Charles I, 1605 D) James I, 160593. The protestant Reformation in England was led by King .A) Henry VIII B) Henry VII C) Edward VI D) Henry II94. was the first country of the world in which the Industrial Revolution took place.A) France B) Britain C) Germany D) the U. S. A.95. The Chartist Movement ended in the yearA) 1830 B) 1848 C) 1832 D) 185196. In Britain only __ of the population are farmers but they manage of the land area.A) 3%, 70% B) 4%, 72% C) 5%, 68% D) 6%, 74%97. There are farming types in Britain.A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 898. The Britain Constitution is made up of three laws exceptA) Statute law B) Land law C) Common law D) Conventions99. The Constitutional monarchy has been established inBritain sinceA) the Glorious Revolution of 1688 B) the Christ MovementC) the Wars of the Roses D) the Hundred Years War100. The real source of power in Parliament isA) the House of Lords B) the House of CommonsC) the Cabinet D) the King of QueenII. Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. Who is the ancestor of the English?2. When did England begin to be Christianized?3. What was signed by King John in 1215?4. What marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty?5. What is the Lloyd's?6. What does the Cabinet consist of?7. What is the jury's job?8. What festival is the greatest in Britain?9. Which sport is regarded as typically English?10. Who established completely the feudal system in England?11. What is the largest lake in Britain?12. Who created the Witan, the basis of the Privy council?13. When was the Great Charter signed by King John?14. Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?15. What are the two major Parties in Britain?16. When did the constitutional monarchy begin in Britain?17. Which types of criminal Procedure has in Scotland?18. What is the largest single employer of labor in U. K?19. At what age do men and women generally retire?21. What is the longest river in Britain?22. What is the highest mountain in Britain?23. What were the first known settlers of Britain?24. What were the Vikings?25. What was the transitional Period between the Middle Ages and Modern times?26. What was the Puritanism?27. What were the two events which most alarmed the Britain ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?28. What were the three period of the evolution of the British economy since the WWⅡ?29. What is the main function of the House of Lords?30. What agency is the most important news agency in Britain?31. What are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?32. What is the official name of the U. K.?33. When did the peasant uprising happen in the U. K?34. What is the English Civil War also called?35. Which two groups were the Chartists divided into?36. What was Keynesianism?37. Who are the members of the House of Lords?38. What are the common features of all systems of law in Britain?39. What is the most important established church in Britain?40. Where is the home of golf?41. Which part of Britain is always fighting?42. What type of climate does Britain has?43. Who was the first Christian Emperor?44. Whose grave became a place of Pilgrimage in and beyond Chaucer's time after he wasmurdered?45. What did James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in?46. Where are the main textile producing regions in Britain?47. How is the BBC radio financed?48. What is the most famous art festival in Britain?49. What are the Christian festivals in Britain?50. What is the Character of the Scots?51. What are the principal non-Christian communities in Britain?52. Who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury?53. When was Parliament born in England?54. Who was the first Prince of Wales in English history?55. What were the Hundred Year’s War?56. Who was the greatest humanists in English history?57. Who wrote the classical work "Utopia“?58. Who was the first prime minister in English history?59. When was the cabinet system of government created?60. Who is the first female prime minister in English history?基本技能Questions for discussion：1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?2. How was the British Empire established in the 19th Century?3. What measures did the Thatcher government take to improve the nation's economy?4. What are the Periods of the evolution of British economy since the Second World War?5. What made the Beatles so different from other pop groups?6. Why and how did the Reformation happen in England?7. What do you know about the nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses?8. What do you know about State Schools and public schools in the United Kingdom?9. How does a general election take place in Britain?10. What are the consequences of the Norman Conquest?11. What do you know about HenryⅡ?12. What are the main contents of Magna Carta?13. What do you know about Henry VII?14. How did Elizabeth I deal with the religious problem when she became Queen of England?15. What are the Historic Significance of the Bourgeois Revolution?Keys:基本知识Ⅱ.1. The Anglo-Saxons is the ancestor of the English.2. England began to be Christianized in the year of 597.3. The Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215.4. The end of the War of Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty.5. The Lloyd's refers to a famous insurance company in Britain.6. The cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers.7. In criminal eases, the jury decides the issues of guilt or innocence.8. Christmas Day is the greatest Christian festival.9. Cricket is the most typically English sport.10. William established completely the feudal system in England.11. The Laugh Neagh is the largest lake in Britain.12.The Anglo-Saxons created the Witan.13. The Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215.14. Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea in Britain .15. The Labor Party and the Conservative Party are the two major parties in Britain.16. The Constitutional monarchy began in 1689 when King William and Queen Mary accepted the Bill of Rights.17. There are Solemn Procedure and Summary Procedure in Scotland.18. The National Health Service is the largest single employer of labor in U.K.19. Generally , men retire at the age of 65 and women at the age of 60.20. Cricket is regarded as typically in English.21. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.22. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain of Britain.23. The Iberians is the first known Settlers of Britain.24. The Vikings were the ancient people living in North Europe.25. Renaissance was the transitional period between the Middle age and modern age26. The Puritinism noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes27. The two events were the American War of Independence and French Revolution.28. The three periods were：(1)Steady development in the 50s and 60s. (2)Economic recession in the 70s. (3)Economic recovery in the 80s.29. The main function of the House of Lords is to bring wide experience of its member into the process of law-making.30. Reuters is the most important news agency in Britain.31. The three political divisions on the island of Great Britain are England, Scotland and Wales.32. The official name of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.33. The peasant uprising happened in 138134. The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.35. The Chartists was divided into the Moral Force Chartists and the physical Force Chartists36. Keynesianism was John M. Keynes(John Maynard Keynes) economic theory.37. The House of Lords is made up of the Lords spiritual and the Lords Temporal38. One is that there is no complete code and other is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law.39. The church of England and the church of Scotland are the most important established church in Britain.40. Scotland is the home of golf.41. Northern Ireland is always fighting.42. Britain has a maritime Climate.43. Constantine was the first Christian Emperor.44. Thomas Becket's grave became a place of Pilgrimage in and beyond Chaucer' s time after he was murdered45. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in the Divine Right of Kings.46. They are the East Midlands, Yorkshire, and Humberside and Northern Ireland.47. The BBC radio broadcast is funded totally by the government.48. The most famous art festival in Britain is the EdinburghInternational Festival of Music andDrama.49. They are Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday.50. The Character of the Scots is hospitable and generous.51. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are the Jews, the Moslems and the Buddhists.52. St. Augustine was the first Archbishop of Canterbury53. Parliament was born in 1265.54. Edward II55. It refers to the war between England and France which lasted from 1337 to 1453.56. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)57. "Utopia“ was written by Thomas More.58. Walpole was usually considered as the first prime minister in English history.59. During GeorgeⅠ’s reign.60. Margaret Thatcher。