2015年12月英语六级翻译真题与答案
2015年12月六级考试真题+答案
2015年12月六级答案汇总Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based onthepicture below. You should focus on theimpact of social networking websites onreading.“I love reading. I read about 3 hours aday.My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebookis the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。
Impact的含义：影响。
第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络阅读的趋势和现象第二段: 分析网络读书的原因. ( 或阐述不同的人的不同观点)在这一段，既可以把网络阅读的影响力归结为利大于弊，也可以归结为弊大于利，自圆其说即可。
第三段:双面总结，得出结论.Thepicture describes a conversation between two people, one of them said: “I readabout 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.” The picture intends toinform us that the Internet has exerted an important influence on reading forthe modern citizens.The phenomenon involves many factors, which canbe listed as the follows. To begin with, with the rapid development ofscientific technology, The Internet has become indispensable in our daily life.Undoubtedly, it provides people with many advantages and makes our life morecomfortable and efficient, including the way ofreading. What’s more, it is a moreadvanced way to get information needed by people, and an efficient way to searchfor materials. “I have hardly ever bought any books since 2003. I have beenreading online in recent years.” said professor Wang from Peking University.“With the click of the mouse, any stories or information that I want at anygiven time or place, is there.” she said. This may w ell explain why so manypeople now prefer to embrace the wonders of the Internet than read print copiesof book or any other reading material.Every coin hastwo sides, reading in social networking websites is no exception. Admittedly,there is false and useless information on the social networking websites, it isadvisable that we read more critically and carefully.For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture be low. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite ofadvanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络信息对我们生活的影响.第二段: 阐述网络信息技术找寻信息的弊端.第三段: 得出结论.The picture describes a conversation among several people, one of them complains: “we havelots of information technology; we just don’t have much useful information.” Itis safe to figure out that our lives are full of information technology, but weare supposed to have the ability to distinguish the useful ones from theuseless ones.The human beings are stepping into theinformation society. The information industry develops very rapidly, so does theinformation technology. Information technology brought us many benefits, as well as theunexpected side effects. First, when we search for information on the Internet,it comes out that the useful information and useless ones appear together. Italways takes us long time to separate them. What makes things worse is thatsome information on the Internet even misleads the people who cherish the hopeof acquiring the useful knowledge from theInternet. Thus,information technology becomes an impending important issue.Through the above analysis on information technology,I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative ones though thetechnology does bring us some unwanted information. As college students, weshould enhance the awareness of recognizing the useful information when we are surfingthe net.第三版第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调误导信息的存在对我们的影响.第二段: 误导性信息对我们的影响的阐述. (可以结合具体的例子.)第三段: 提出方法解决这一问题It can be clearly seen that the coupleare discussing the information on the Internet, one of them said: “I just feelunfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information.” Theconversation of the cartoon picture conveys the mess age that people attained informationfrom the Internet, some of which might be misleading.Along with the development of societyand technology, an increasing numberof problems are brought to our attention, one ofwhich is that misleading information exists on the Internet. Here is an exampleI got from my friend, which works well in the case. She expected to discover acure from the Internet when her mother got a certain disease. Unfortunately,that so called “cure” from the Wechat moments did not work at all a nd hermother’s healthy condition got worse. Such misleading information often wastepeople’s time and may result in even severe consequences.In view of the problem, effectivemeasures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that we realized theimportance of ability to separate the useful information from the misleadingones. Thus, critical thinking is of great importance. For another, thegovernment should issue strict laws and regulations to put the situation undercontrol.六级翻译（贫困版）在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
CET-6写作、翻译真题及参考答案
2015年12月大学英语六级写作真题作文（一）Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.作文（二）Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.作文（三）Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2015年6月13日全国大学英语六级写作真题第一篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying ―Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.‖ You can gi ve one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying ―If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way.‖ You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三篇：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Albert Einstein’s remark“I have no special talents, but I am only passionately curious.”You can give one example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2014年12月全国大学英语六级写作真题第一篇:Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether there is a shortcut to learning. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第二篇：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss what qualities an employer should look for in job applicants. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第三篇：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether technology is indispensable in education. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.作文评分标准本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。
2015年12月份大学英语六级真题及答案完整版
【作（一pictu adva than 【范mee draw infor seem high part whic wron Inter fund tech need 【范（描seem 作文】一）Direction ure below. Y anced inform n 200 words.范文一】As is graphi eting room e wing is that t rmation tech ms, it disclos hly modernize A multitude ially due to t ch provides ng. On the o rnet is far f damentally.From my p hnology to se d.范文二】描述图画）Th ms to begoin:Forthis par You should fo mation techn cally reveale equipped wit the man in t hnology, whi es a serious ed society.e of reasons he fact that t a booming a ther hand, it from perfect perspective, arching for s his is a simpl ng on, withs rt, you are al ocus on the nology . You a d in the cartth advanced the center, w le useful inf problem tha can accoun the modern t amount of in is also beca t, making it it is high ti omething helebutthoug everal staff m llowed 30 mi difficulty in are required toon, a few e devices. 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A leader‐like man stands there, complaining: “We have lots of information technology. We just don’t have much useful information.”（点明寓意）Simple as the picture is, the message it conveys is profound. Evidently it is meant to reveal the fact that there is too much junk information online. （举例论证）Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. The best illustration that I can recall here and now is the fact that whenever you search for the cure for a disease or a scenic spot to visit, you are flooded by advertisements, many of which are even cheating. （分析影响）Actually, the problem has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s life and hindered the development of society.（提出建议）Of course, we should not give up eating for fear of being choked. Admittedly, information technology has greatly facilitated our life and work. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize its advantages and eliminate its unhealthy influence. For one thing, it is imperative that pertinent laws and regulations be worked out and rigidly enforced to punish those spreading cheating ads online. For another, the searching engine websites should make a point of reducing junk information. Only with these measures taken can we expect the solution of the problem. 【范文三】As is vividly shown above, some people are talking in an office, but from their look, we can tell they seem to face some difficulties, one of whom says they have lots of information technology, but they just don’t have much useful information. By carefully examining this picture, we find a deeper message that even though the technology is quite advanced, we still face a problem that we still cannot find the information useful to us.Nowadays, it should come as no surprise to learn that we live in a world flooded with too much information due to the advancement of information technology, and when we try to find the material that we need, it may take some time or we even can’t obtain it. Apparently enough, it is of vital significance for people to comprehend the difficulties brought forth by the technology. Let us take computers as an example. When we look for something online, a large quantity of irrelevant and useless information shows up at the same time, which not only distracts our attention but also causes a waste of time. What’s more, those useless information may slow down our work efficiency.From what has been discussed above, we could safely come to the conclusion that due attention should be paid to this phenomenon. It is essential that laws and regulations should be worked out and enforced to ban unqualified and useless information. Only in this way can technology can serve people better and improve people’s work and life efficiency.（二）Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【范door that with prob socie aspe corp neve espe regu our c 【范brou imm tran take equa a fak and 范文一】The cartoonr, makes a cu the husband h so much m blem that it i ety.Harmful are ects. For one poration's stra er be ignore ecially adoles From my pe ulations to be country bene 范文二】Though it isught to us is measurable h smitted mad e effect in the First and fo ally well learn ke medicine turn to then,vividand e p of coffee fo d, working in misleading inf s rather hard e the impact e thing, by n ategy of dev ed. 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Then, they begin to believe and do what they are told to, rather than what they thought is correct.To tackle the power of misleading information, people cannot rely on anybody else but themselves. To think twice before believing is the best way.（三）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.“I love reading. I read about 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebook is the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。
2015年12月六级真题答案(含三套)
2015年12月六级真题答案（完整版）六级翻译中国减贫China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community to eliminate extreme poverty by 2030。
China has lifted as many as four hundred million people out of poverty, since the implementation of the reform and opening upin the late 1970s. In the next five years，China will provide supports to other developing countries in reducing poverty, development education，agricultural modernization, environmental protection and medical care，etc。
China has seen notable improvements in reducing poverty，and has madeunremitting efforts in promoting economic growth。
This will encourage otherpoor countries to strike back challenges when developing themselves。
Whenpursuing the developing path with their own characteristics , these countries can learn from China’sexperience.2答案：Recently, the Chinese government decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in the construction of high-speed trains, ocean—going vessels, robots, and even aircrafts. Not long ago，China obtained the contract for construction of a high—speed rail in Indonesia. It has also signed a contract with Malaysia to provide high—speed trains. This proves that people have faith in China—made products. China—made products are gaining popularity, for which China has paid a price。
2015年12月六级考试真题及答案
2015年12月六级答案汇总写作Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicture below. You should focus on theimpact of social networking websites on reading.“I love reading. I read about 3 hoursaday.My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebookis the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。
Impact的含义：影响。
第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络阅读的趋势和现象第二段: 分析网络读书的原因. ( 或阐述不同的人的不同观点)在这一段，既可以把网络阅读的影响力归结为利大于弊，也可以归结为弊大于利，自圆其说即可。
第三段:双面总结，得出结论.Thepicture describes a conversation between two people, one of them said: “I readabout 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.” The picture intends toinform us that the Internet has exerted an important influence on reading forthe modern citizens.The phenomenon involves many factors, which canbe listed as the follows. To begin with, with the rapid development ofscientific technology, The Internet has become indispensable in our daily life.Undoubtedly, it provides people with many advantages and makes our life morecomfortable and efficient, including the way ofreading. What’s more, it is a moreadvanced way to get information needed by people, and an efficient way to searchfor materials. “I have hardly ever bought any books since 2003. I have beenreading online in recent years.” said professor Wang from Peking University.“With the click of the mouse, any stories or information that I want at anygiven time or place, is there.” she said. This may well explain why so manypeople now prefer to embrace the wonders of the Internet than read print copiesof book or any other reading material.Every coin hastwo sides, reading in social networking websites is no exception. Admittedly,there is false and useless information on the social networking websites, it isadvisable that we read more critically and carefully.六级作文信息技术版参考范文For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture be low. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络信息对我们生活的影响.第二段: 阐述网络信息技术找寻信息的弊端.第三段: 得出结论.The picture describes a conversation among several people, one of them complains: “we havelots of information technology; we just don’t have much useful information.” Itis safe to figure out that our lives are full of information technology, but weare supposed to have the ability to distinguish the useful ones from theuseless ones.The human beings are stepping into theinformation society. The information industry develops very rapidly, so doestheinformation technology. Information technology brought us many benefits, as well as theunexpected side effects. First, when we search for information on the Internet,it comes out that the useful information and useless ones appear together. Italways takes us long time to separate them. What makes things worse is thatsome information on the Internet even misleads the people who cherish the hopeof acquiring the useful knowledge from theInternet. Thus,information technology becomes an impending important issue.Through the above analysis on information technology,I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative ones though thetechnology does bring us some unwanted information. As college students, weshould enhance the awareness of recognizing the useful information when we are surfingthe net.第三版第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调误导信息的存在对我们的影响.第二段: 误导性信息对我们的影响的阐述. (可以结合具体的例子.)第三段: 提出方法解决这一问题It can be clearly seen that the coupleare discussing the information on the Internet, one of them said: “I just feelunfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information.” Thec onversation of the cartoon picture conveys the message that people attained informationfrom the Internet, some of which might be misleading.Along with the development of societyand technology, an increasing numberof problems are brought to our attention, one ofwhich is that misleading information exists on the Internet. Here is an exampleI got from my friend, which works well in the case. She expected to discover acure from the Internet when her mother got a certain disease. Unfortunately,that so called “cure” from the Wechat moments did not work at all and hermother’s healthy condition got worse. Such misleading information often wastepeople’s time and may result in even severe consequences.In view of the problem, effectivemeasures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that we realized theimportance of ability to separate the useful information from the misleadingones. Thus, critical thinking is of great importance. For another, thegovernment should issue strict laws and regulations to put the situation undercontrol.六级翻译（贫困版）在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
201512cet6考试真题(卷一)
2015年12月份六级真题（卷一）Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard1.A．He shares some of the household duties．B．He often goes back home late for dinner．C．He cooks dinner for the family occasionally．D．He dines out from time to time with friends2.A．To take him to dinner．B．To talk about a budget plan．C．To discuss an urgent problem．D．To pass on an important message．3.A．Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy．B．Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India．C．There are wild fluctuations in the international money market．D．There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit．Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.4.A．They have unrealistic expectations about the other half．B．They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship．C．They form a more realistic picture of life．D．They try to adapt to their changing roles．13.A．He is lucky to have visited many exotic places．B．He is able to forget all the troubles in his life．C．He is able to meet many interesting people．D．He is lucky to be able to do what he loves．14.A．It is stressful．B．It is full of time．C．It is all glamour．D．It is challenging15.A．Bothered．B．Amazed．C．Puzzled．D．Excited．Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A．Maintain the traditional organizational culture．B．Learn new ways of relating and working together．C．Follow closely the fast development of technology．D．Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization．17.A．How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve．B．How the team is built to keep improving its performance．C．What type of personnel the team should be composed of．D．What qualifications team members should be equipped with．18.A．A team manager must set very clear and high objectives．B．Teams must consist of members from different cultures．C．Team members should be knowledgeable and creative．D．A team manager should develop a certain set of skills．19.A．It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois．B．It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text．C．It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long．D．It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web．Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20.A．He visited a number of famous computer scientists．B．He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark．C．He sold a program developed by his friends．D．He invested in a leading computer business．21.A．They had confidence in his new ideas．B．They trusted his computer expertise．C．They were very keen on new technology．D．They believed in his business connections．22.A．Prestige advertising．B．Institutional advertising．C．Word of mouth advertising．D．Distributing free trial products．Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A．To sell a particular product．B．To build up their reputation．C．To promote a specific service．D．To attract high-end consumers．24.A．By using the services of large advertising agencies．B．By hiring their own professional advertising staff．C．By buying media space in leading newspapers．D．By creating their own ads and commerical．25.A．Decide on what specific means of communication to employ．B．Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs．C．Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail．D．Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions．Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Questions are based on the following passage．It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally．Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggest technology success stories, was no（36）, losing its market share in just a few years．In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales（37）But consumers'preferences were already（38）toward touch-screen smart phones．With the introduction of Apple's iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share（39）rapidly and revenue plunged．By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft．What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he（40）in October 2010．Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's market value declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history．But Elop was not the only person at（41）Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry．Most（42）, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company's（43）success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness．The company also embarked on a（44）cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles．Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia's sense of vision and directions with them．Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well．A．assumedB．biasC．desperateD．deteriorationE．exceptionF．faultG．incidentallyH．notablyI．previousJ．relayedK．shiftingL．shrankM．subtleN．transmittingO．WorldwideSection B[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education．Like many first—generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs．Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule．[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students．At the end of his first year Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2．0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school．[ C ] Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind．To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles.They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习)．[ D ] Matt Rubin off directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students．He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit．And while Rubin off believes there are a good number of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough．[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subset of this population," Rubin off said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tend toward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools．"Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader．"[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools in particular．As a former high school teacher, I saw students choosefamiliar, cheaper options year after year．Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance．[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive．"The reality of it is that a lot of low-income kids could be going to elite fiver on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it．"[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness," Jarrat continued that helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubin off indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them．The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma．A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent．Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing．Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first general．ion students and those of their peers．[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent．Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent)．[J] It is actually quite difficult to find reliable statistics on the issue for many schools．Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these reports typically only include Pell recipient numbers—not necessarily rates specific to first—generation students．Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too．Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit．[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an arm of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity．"If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubin off said, citing a variety of collegesranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools．[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first—generation college student at Howard．Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound culture at my high school," she said．"I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process．" Jones became involved with a college—access program through Princeton University in high school．Now, sheattributesmuch of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for．"[ M] She was fortunate, though．Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, connecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard' s campus．Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students．(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent．)[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apart from students such as Nijay．"There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available at the school．Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have asummer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter being one of the most common programs for students)．[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution．46.Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree．47.First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers．48.The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low．49.Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need．50.On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was．51.Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students．52.According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university．53.Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence54.I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them．55.Elite universities tend to graduate first generation students at a higher rate．Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Questions are based on the following passage．Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care．The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how health care dollars are spent．In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, for example—is too expensive．In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing．Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them．Medical society guidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies．Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care Overseers．"There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr.Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital．He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the health care budget in Massachusetts．" Doctors can face some grim trade—offs．Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease．But one costs $ 50 a dose and the other close to $ 2,000．Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug, Avast in, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis．But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avast in for use in the eye．and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk．Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?" I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr.Donald Jensen．Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so．"In some ways," said Dr.Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider societyto take up the issue．"56.What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do? A．Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take．B．Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments．C．Take costs into account when making treatment decisions．D．Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care57.What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A．Specific medicines to be used．B．Effects of medical treatment．C．Professional advancement．D．Patients' trust．58.What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A．The redefining of doctors' roles．B．Overuse of less effective medicines．C．Conflicts between doctors and patients．D．The prolonging of patients' suffering．59.What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A．They may be involved in a conflict of interest．B．They may be forced to divide their attention．C．They may have to use less effective drugs．D．They may lose the respect of patients．60.What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis? A．It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads．B．It will help to save money for society as a whole．C．It results from society's failure to tackle the problem．D．It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities．Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Questions are based on the following passage．Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress．Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty．"Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said．Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No．1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America．A number of prominent economists have also argued that it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart．For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new data set from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich —poor gap．Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data．So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chertty has pointed to economic and racial segregation,community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility．" Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation．Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors．Based on my analyses of the data．of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1．Per-capita (人均) income growth2．Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3．Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story．61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A．It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility．B．It is the greatest threat to social stability．C．It is the No．1 enemy of income growth．D．It is the most malicious social evil of our time．62.What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship's data analysis? A．It is fast widening across most parts of America．B．It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility．C．It is not correctly interpreted．D．It is overwhelmingly ignored．pared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said toA．have placed religious beliefs above party politicsB．have bridged the gap between the rich and the poorC．offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladderD．suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation64.What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chertty?A．Family structure．B．Racial equality．C．School education．D．Community density．65.What does the author seem to suggest?A．It is important to increase the size of the middle classB．It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas．C．It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality．D．It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder．Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 'minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into english.you should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。
2015年12月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版
2015年12月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版2015 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.My favorite book is Facebook *.”Facebook is the name of a social networkingwebsite. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。
2015年12月英语六级考试真题及详细答案(第一套).docx
2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2016-05-28/427638.htmlSection ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5.A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6.A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague.C. Their workload.D. A coffee machine.8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10.A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful.B. It is full of tim.C. It is all glamour.D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered.B. Amazed.C. Puzzled.D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Wordofmouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23.A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commericais.25.A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have justhoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what youhave written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing ofindividual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can beound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could beremedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us incoming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and theair and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic naturalresources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the verysoil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever totake place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply anotherhistorical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of35Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thopassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in thetechnology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers' preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had ledNokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which hadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent left as well.A)assumed I) previousB. bias J) relayedC. desperateK) shiftingD. deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notablySection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generationstudents, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were alsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking afull class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making itimpossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think biggerand broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smallergap between the outcomes forfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within fouryears (81 percent). [J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first —generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college —access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story settinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter beingone of the mostcommon programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugover another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to makedoctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is bestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade —offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are aboutequally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also arguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of thesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themost likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.。
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2015年12月英语六级翻译真题和答案A).在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。
结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。
如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。
然而在美国，父母可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。
中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。
然而，他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母和子女间的关系。
译文：Parents in China are always trying to help their children, even to make the most important decision for them, regardless of what the children really want, because parents believe it’s all for the benefit of their children. This has led to the result that the children’ s growth and education tend to give way to their parents’ wishes. Once the parents decide to sign up an afterschool class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick on their decision, even their children have no interest in it at all.In America, however, parents tend to respect their children, especially when making decisions. Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much importance on education, but Chinese parents still need to keep the balance between the parents and children in the perspective of education as the American parents do.B).在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。
自20世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。
在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。
中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面作出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。
在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。
译文：China is playing an increasingly important role in helping the international community in the process of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030. Since the implementation of reform and opening up in the late 1970s, China has helped as many as 400 million people out of poverty. In the next five years, China will provide assistance to other developing countries in poverty reduction, education development, agricultural modernization, environmental protection, health care and so on. China has made remarkable progress in poverty alleviation, and it has made unremitting efforts in promoting economic growth. This will encourage other poor countries to cope with their own development challenges. These countries can learn from China's experience in seeking the path of development with their own characteristics.C).最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。
中国现在涉足建造高速列车，远洋船舶，机器人，甚至飞机。
不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚建造一条高铁的合同：中国还和马拉西亚签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。
这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。
中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。
这是一件好事，值得称赞。
下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。
很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
译文1: Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. China is now involved in building high-speed trains, ocean-going ships, robots, even the planes. Not long ago, China won the contract of building a high-speed railway in Indonesia. The Contract of China proving high-speed trains for Malaysia also signed by the two sides, which proves that goods made-in-China are widely trusted. Goods made-in-China has become more and more popular. Although China has paid prices for it, it does help to eliminate poverty and to provide work chances for people all over the world as well. This is a good work and worth speaking highly of. You may want to take a look at which country your goods comes from when you go to the store next time. It is very probably made in China.译文2：Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. Now it is involved in constructing high-speed train, ocean ship, robot, even planes.Not long ago, China got the contract of building a high-speed train in Indonesia.At the same time, China also got the contract of providing high-speed trains with Malaysia.It proves that people believe in the products made in China. Chinese-made goods has become more and more popular.China has paid a price for this, but it not only helps to eliminate poverty, but also provides job opportunities to people around the world. It is a good thing that is worthy of praise.When you go to the store next time, you may want to know where the product you bought is produced. It is very likely that it is made in China.2015年6月英语六级翻译真题和答案A).汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。
汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。
它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。
汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。
各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。
公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。
其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日晷（sundials）以及测量地震的仪器。
汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。
译文: Han Dynasty was one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. There were many significant achievements during the Han Dynasty. It was the first to open its doors to other cultures. Foreign trade flourished during this period. The Silk Road initiated by Han Dynasty led all the way to the West Asia and even to Rome. Various forms of art prospered, with the emergence of a lot of literature, history and philosophy masterpieces. 100 A.D. witnessed the completion of the first Chinese dictionary which included 9000 words, providing interpretation and various styles of writing. Meanwhile, technology had also achieved great progress. Paper, water clocks, sundials and earthquake detectors were invented. The reign has lasted for 400 years. However, the corruption of the rulers eventually led to its downfall.B).2011年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。