旅游景点名称的翻译技巧初探

2014-2015第一学期

酒店情景1(双语) 课程考核论文

题目：旅游景点名称的翻译技巧初探

学院：旅游学院

专业：旅游管理

姓名：王鑫学号：31404041051

旅游景点名称的翻译技巧初探摘要：景点名称从属性上是一个称谓和标志，属于公示语范畴。景点名称翻译的关键是依据一定的翻译原则，采用恰当的翻译方法。既要体现文化内涵，也需结合语言的表达。

关键词：景点名称；翻译方法

Abstract：The names of scenic attractions,the dependency is a name and logo on the fall within the scope of the public language .The name translation of scenic spot is according certain translation principles,the implementation of appropriate translation methods.To reflect the cultural connotation and to combine language expression.

K e y w o r d s:n a m e s o f s c e n i c a t t r a c t i o n s；t r a n s l a t i o n a p p r o a c h e s

前言

文化旅游翻译有许多方法，如音译、直译、意译、替换、仿拟、增减以及各种翻译方法的结合。这些翻译方法都有其存在的合理依据。一名合格的文化旅游翻译工作者，应灵活运用各种翻译方法，以实现文化旅游翻译的根本任务。即实现景点的对外宣传、开辟和拓展国际旅游市场的目的。

一、旅游景点名称翻译

1植物园： Botanical Garden，如“北京植物园Beijing Botanical Garden”。2．博物馆一般名称译为xx Museum，Museum放置在后面，如“历史博物馆History Museum”。某机构的博物馆译为xx Museum of xxxx(机构名) 。

3．纪念馆：历史名人的纪念馆译为Memorial，人名不加’s，如“吴运铎纪念馆Wu Yunduo Memorial”；历史事件或事迹的纪念馆译为Memorial Museum，如“新文化运动纪念馆 New Culture Movement Memorial Museum”。

4 .故居:Former Residence，如“宋庆龄故居 Former Residence of Song Ching Ling”。

5．展览馆、陈列馆译为Exhibition Hall / Center，而会展中心译为Convention & Exhibition Center。

6．陈列室译为 Exhibition / Display Room。

7．宫、院译为Palace，如“颐和园 Summer Palace”。

8．殿、堂译为 Hall，如“太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony”、“乐寿堂Hall of Longevity in Happiness”。

9．寺译为Temple，如“云居寺Yunju Temple”。

10．亭、阁译为Pavilion，如“寄澜亭Jilan Pavilion”。

11．一般的佛塔译为Pagoda，如“五塔寺 Five-Pagoda Temple”

12．高山译为 Mountain，如“太行山Taihang Mountain”或“Mt. Taihang”。比较小的山、山丘等译为 Hill, 如“万寿山 Longevity Hill”。

13．岛 Island

14．桥 Bridge

再例如：岩(crag, cliff)) 、峰(peak)、石 (stone)、

江(river)、河(river)、溪 (stream)、湖 (lake)、

海 (sea)、池 (pond)、泉(spring )、岛 (islet, isle，island）

二、旅游景点名称翻译原则

1.以读者为中心的原则

赖斯的学生汉斯·威密尔创立的功能学派的重要理论“翻译目的论认为，翻译是有目的的行为活动，译者应根据服务对象的不同，进行有针对性的翻译。他还特别强调，应当把行为发生的环境置于文化背景之中，不同文化又具有不同的风俗习惯和价值观，翻译也并非一对一的语言转换活动。“翻译目的论”为翻译研究提供了全新的视角，对旅游景点名称翻译有重要指导意义。旅游景点名称翻译具有很强的目的性，就是要让外国游客看得懂，听得懂，并且能够认可和接受，能够从中获得中国文化知识。

2．规范性原则

规范性一是指语言层面的规范性，即语法、词汇的正确性；二是规约性。“规约性”或者说“严格的规范性”和“标准性语汇”是公示语的一大特点，景点名称翻译自然不能例

外。目前，景点名称翻译的突出问题是词汇拼写和书写错误，语法错误也相当严重。

3.译名统一的原则

译名统一原则有两层意思，一是要避免一名多译，二是外形和内涵相近的景点名称的译名应该统一。

4.“名”副其实的原则

在我国目前使用的旅游景区景点名称中，尚存在着输出语和母语之间意义不对等的现

状。中国译者按照中文的思路翻译出景点名称，在表面上看是不存在词语使用错误和语法搭配等错误的，但翻译后的意思与母语所表达的意思是大相径庭的。作为景点，都有中英文对照的名称和牌示解说词。

三．景点名称常用英译方法

Translation of the names of Chinese scenic spots

1.音译（transliteration）：将地点名称直接用拼音标注，是地名翻译中最简单的一种，也是最常用的一种方法，比喻 Shanghai，Hangzhou 。但是景点名称的翻译一般不宜简单采用普通地名单一的音译法

太和殿---Tai He Dian

乾清宫---Qian Qing Gong

雁荡山---Yan Dang Shan

2.意译(free translation):“从意义出发，只要求将原文大意表达出来；不注意细节，译文自然流畅即可，意译不注意原作形式包括句法结构、用词、比喻及其他手段。”

太和殿 Hall of Great Harmony;

乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity;

养心殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation

象鼻山 the Elephant Hill

城隍庙 The Temple of Town God

三潭印月 Three pools mirroring the moon

3.音兼意译(combination of transliteration and free translation):实际翻译中，专名用音译（主要是拼音法），也可用意译（主要是直译）；通名则一般采取意译中的直译。

Features of Chinese names of scenery spots

Term (专名） + General term （通名）

昆明湖

虎丘塔

如：黄鹤楼： Yellow Crane Tower

龟山： Tortoise Hill

1)专名音译，通名意译（直译）:茅盾故居Maodun’s Former Residence

天安门广场Tian’anmen Square

八达岭长城Badaling Great wall

承德避暑山庄Chengde Summer Resort

a. 单音节专名+单音节通名

在翻译中将两个词全部音译，然后再加上通名的英语译法 ,如鲁镇Luzhen Town, 长江the Changjiang River, 太湖the Taihu Lake

但有些约定俗成的地名翻译例外，如东海---the East Sea.

b. 双（多）音节专名+单音节通名

一般将该专有名词音译，后面的普通名词用英语。例如嘉陵江 the

Jialing River 类似的翻译还有浙江省Zhejiang Province, 洞庭湖the Dongting Lake.

c. 专有名词再次修饰

有些专有名词，特别是江河湖海，港湾峡关等，再次作为修饰成分来限定某个地名和地区时，往往把前面的专有名词视为一个整体，采用音译的方法将其译出，然后再加上后面的被限定成分。例如洞庭湖区：Dongtinghu District, 武夷山自然保护区Wuyishan Nature Reserve.

2) 专名意译（直译），通名直译(literal translation)

拙政园：Garden of Humble Administrator ； Zhuozheng Garden

九龙山：he Nine Dragon Hill；Jiulong Shan

4.音意双译(transliteration and free translation)：音意双译法，既能译出景点的读音名称，又能译出景点名称的文化含义。

太和殿 Tai He Dian ( Hall of Great Harmony)

乾清宫 Qian Qing Gong (Palace of Heavenly Purity)

坤宁宫 Kun Ning Gong (Palace of Earthly Tranquility)

参考文献

[1]桑龙扬，旅游景点名称翻译的原则与方法—以庐山等旅游景区为例，江西九江学院九江市332005).

[2]张晓玲，翻译学研究的文化视角[J].中共山西省委党校学报,2009,8,32(4).

[3]田传茂，以湖北三国景点为例谈文化旅游翻译，长江大学荆州市434023.

英语四六级翻译句子解析

?During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了 ?surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降) 若是everything 等则不加 to ?The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son's having been admi tted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了) ?The lecture was so boring that the students couldn't help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) ?I‘ll be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school (好心载我一程去学校) ?(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insu rance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. ?It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president. ?Mrs.Smith shut the window lest 以免 the noise outside (should) interfere with h er son's sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)虚拟语气 ?The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺) ?When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth. ?The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it sto pped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了) ?What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式) ?This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道) ?The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力) ?Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depen ds mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。

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