Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福
笛福简介
笛福简介精选阅读一：丹尼尔·笛福，英国作家。
英国启蒙时期现实主义丰富的小说的奠基人，被誉为英国和欧洲的“小说之父”。
其作品可读性强，他所写的《鲁滨孙漂流记》在当时有很大影响，至今是雅俗共赏的名著。
主要构架为：主人公个人透过发奋，靠智慧和勇敢战胜困难，表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。
精选阅读二：丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel?Defoe，1660年－1731年4月24日），英国小说家、新闻记者、小册子作者。
其作品主要为个人透过发奋，靠自我的智慧和勇敢战胜困难。
情节曲折，采用自述方式，可读性强。
并表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。
其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》一向闻名于世，鲁宾逊也成为与困难抗争的典型，所以他被视作英国小说的开创者之一。
精选阅读三：于英国首都伦敦,父亲营屠宰业（一说是油烛商），所以转而选取了经商。
他广泛游历，经商也很成功。
在此期间，他成了家，开始了养家糊口的生活。
丹尼尔·笛福他早年经营内衣、烟酒、羊毛织品、制砖业，曾到大陆各国经商。
1684年，笛福与一个酒商的女儿结了婚，得到了女方家价值3700英镑的嫁妆。
他招妻弟和妹夫作合伙人做起了小百货买卖。
此外，还在欧洲范围内做生意，常做酒贸易来增加收入。
但是，他在“喝醉人”的生意中遵循的是清教徒原则，反对买卖当时简直要淹没伦敦的杜松子酒和一般的烈性饮料。
1685年参加蒙茅斯公爵领导反对天主教国王的叛乱；1688年荷兰信奉新教的威廉率军登陆英国，继承英国王位，笛福参加了他的军队。
1692年经商破产，负债达17000镑，以后又屡屡失败，因而不得不用各种方法谋生。
他曾充当政府的秘密情报员，设计过各种开发事业，同时从事写作。
1698年他发表《论开发》，提倡筑公路，办银行，立破产法，设疯人院，办水火保险，征所得税，办女学等。
1701年他发表一首讽刺诗《真正英国人》，认为没有纯种的英国人，反对贵族天主教势力，为外籍的信奉新教的威廉三世辩护。
笛福简介文档
笛福简介一、背景介绍笛福（Daniel Defoe）是英国18世纪的一位著名作家和记者。
他是英国文学史上最重要的早期小说家之一，被誉为“小说之父”。
笛福以其描写真实生活和社会问题的作品而闻名，对英国小说发展产生了深远影响。
二、生平经历1. 出生和早年笛福的原名是丹尼尔·福（Daniel Foe），生于1660年在英国伦敦。
他出生在一个富商家庭，家庭环境优越。
他接受了良好的教育，学习了文学、语言和商业等多个领域的知识。
2. 商人生涯笛福在成年后选择了从商，他曾在父亲的经商公司工作，但不幸的是，这个公司后来破产了。
之后，笛福开设了自己的贸易公司，并参与了包括航海贸易在内的多个商业活动。
这段商人生涯为他后来写作提供了丰富的素材和经验。
3. 政治参与除了商界，笛福还积极参与政治活动。
他是一名自由主义者，持有强烈的个人自由和言论自由观念。
他在伦敦市议会担任了几年的职务，并尝试为自由主义和民主价值观发声。
4. 文学事业尽管笛福参与了许多商业和政治活动，但他最著名的贡献还是在文学领域。
他的第一本著作是关于商业的书籍，但并没有获得太大的关注。
然而，他在1719年出版的《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）将他推上了文学巅峰。
这本小说讲述了一个男人在荒岛上的生活经历，以及他如何适应并最终成功生活下来的故事。
这本小说至今仍被视为经典之作，影响了后来的许多作家。
此外，笛福还写过其他几部著名的小说，包括《大流行时期的日记》（A Journal of the Plague Year）和《罗克荒》（Moll Flanders）。
这些作品描绘了当时的社会和人性，具有很高的艺术价值和思想深度。
5. 逝世与遗产笛福于1731年去世，享年71岁。
他在文学领域的贡献被广泛认可，并对后世的文学发展产生了深远的影响。
他的作品被翻译成多种语言，并广泛传播至世界各地。
三、对文学的影响作为小说之父，笛福对英国小说的发展做出了重要贡献。
丹尼尔笛福
Daniel Defoe
Daniel Defoe
Born
c.1659–1661
London, England
Died
24 April 1731
London, பைடு நூலகம்ngland
Occupation
Writer, journalist, merchant
丹尼尔笛福作家传记
丹尼尔·笛福——用一生创作一个冒险传奇我试着从最后墓碑的部分开始讲，墓碑上是这样写的——“丹尼尔•笛福：《鲁滨逊漂流记》的作者”。
墓碑上刻着此人一生的最值得一书的事情并且通过此事倒推后题词此人的一生都奉献给了这个事。
当然，本篇叙述的对象丹尼尔•笛福，并不仅仅将一生都奉献给了写出《鲁滨逊漂流记》这个事，或许至少如下所述，看来也算是潇潇洒洒地在世走一遭了。
1660年5月6日，丹尼尔·笛福出生在英国伦敦，1731年4月24日，这位传奇人物在自己的公寓中安然离世。
丹尼尔·笛福原名叫作丹尼尔·福，后来在自己的姓前面加上听起来如同贵族的“de”的前缀，形成笛福（Defoe）这一笔名。
虽然他不是贵族，但是笛福花钱买了一个盾形的纹章，虚造了一份家谱，谨以此来表明他出身于贵族。
丹尼尔·笛福的父亲詹姆士·福并不认为自己有任何的贵族血统，但他还是以“英国中产阶级的传统方式”来教育笛福以及他的兄弟姐妹。
同时笛福的父亲并不信奉英国国教，这种不满现状的精神也深深的影响到了少年的笛福，从小他就被熏陶成一个不安份的漂泊者，一个对生活具有观察力的评论家。
笛福出身于一个长老会派家庭，笛福的父亲詹姆斯·福从事屠宰业，双亲都是长老会教徒，不信仰英国国教，笛福自己也在长老会的学校里接受中等教育，但没有上过大学。
处于平民阶层的上层。
在大清洗中，他的家庭也追随其牧师脱离圣公会。
父母本打算将他培养成一位长老会牧师，他却投身商海，从鞋袜商、烟酒进口商，到船舶保险人，未及而立之年就在城里和乡下都拥有房产以及象征身份地位的四轮马车。
出生在一个不信服英国国教的家庭中，笛福对牧师不感兴趣。
于是在他20岁的时候，笛福开始了他的经商生涯。
笛福是一个有才干，有主见，有思想的年轻人，不过可惜的是，他不能把他自己的想法付诸实践。
他劝人晚婚，自己却在24岁的时候就结婚了，娶了一个商人的女儿，随之而来还有3700英镑。
鲁滨逊漂流记的作者
鲁滨逊漂流记的作者丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel Defoe）是英国文学史上的一位重要作家，是18世纪初期最重要的英国小说家之一。
笛福生于1660年London，死于1731年，他的作品涵盖了小说、政治、宗教、新闻等各个领域，被认为是英国启蒙时代思想和文化的代表人物之一。
而他最为著名的作品之一，便是《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）。
该作品被认为是英国小说的开山之作，并且被翻译成了数十种语言，在全球范围内广受欢迎，成为了世界文学史的经典之作。
《鲁滨逊漂流记》讲述的是一个名叫鲁滨逊·克鲁索（Robinson Crusoe）的年轻人，在一次远航途中遭遇海难，被困在荒岛上，并维持了28年的孤独生活的故事。
在这本小说中，笛福通过叙述主人公的冒险故事，探讨了人的信仰、勇气、决心和适应能力等与人类存在相关的主题。
小说的第一部分主要是讲述主人公在荒岛上的生活，通过鲁滨逊的日记，我们了解到他是如何建造房屋、养殖土豆、驯服动物等生存技能，同时还探讨了他在孤独中度过的精神变化。
笛福通过主人公在孤独和困难中的坚韧和努力来表现了人类的适应能力和坚强的生命力。
同时，这样的描写也让读者对自然世界有了更深刻的认识和了解。
在小说的第二部分中，鲁滨逊回到了文明世界。
但他并没有像预期的那样顺利重返家园，而是在海盗、奴隶贸易等事件中展开的一系列冒险中继续着他的故事。
在这一部分中，笛福描写了人类的黑暗面，如经济压迫、奴隶制度和战争，同时也描写了人的道德选择和对未来的乐观信念。
《鲁滨逊漂流记》被誉为18世纪英国启蒙运动的一部代表作，它强调了个人自由、自由主义、人权观念，阐述了物质文明与精神文明之间的关系。
此外，作者笛福在小说中也对宗教信仰、天启文学、探险精神等问题进行了深刻的探讨。
总之，《鲁滨逊漂流记》是一部兼具冒险性质和文化哲学深度的小说，它的精力和魅力在于体现出人能够克服困境和生存下去的强大意志力和完美追求。
《鲁宾逊漂流记》作者简介
《鲁宾逊漂流记》作者简介《鲁宾逊漂流记》作者简介《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国作家丹尼尔·笛福的一部长篇小说。
下面是小编精心整理的《鲁宾逊漂流记》作者简介，欢迎大家分享。
作者简介：丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel·Defoe 1660—1731），英国作家，英国启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人，被誉为“小说之父”。
其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》闻名于世，鲁滨逊也成为与困难抗争的典型模范，因此他被视作英国小说的开创者之一。
在英国１８世纪四大著名小说家中，丹尼尔·笛福是第一个，他所写的《鲁滨孙飘流记》在当时有很大影响，至今是雅俗共赏的名著。
丹尼尔·笛福生于1660年。
1640年，英国资产阶级以暴力取得政权，但是在笛福出生那年，代表封建反动势力的斯图亚特王室又在英国复辟，笛福出生于一个小油烛商人的家庭，属于中下层资产阶级，在政治上反对斯图亚特王室的封建统治。
笛福28岁那年，即1688年，资产阶级又赶走了斯图亚特王室，重新掌了权，他一面经商，一面从事政治活动，写下不少小册子。
因为有的书和演说揭露了当时社会的不合理现象，曾先后三、四次被关进监狱。
59岁时，写成了《鲁滨孙漂流记》。
这部小说是以一件真事为素材写成的。
200多年前，有一个苏格人塞尔柯克在一艘英国海船上当水手。
1704年9月的一天，塞尔柯克因为和船长发生冲突，被遗弃古拉丁美洲的一个荒无人烟的小岛上，塞尔柯克心情很坏，但后来慢慢地习惯了。
他捕山羊做食物，用木头和羊皮盖了两间小房子，拿钉子做针，把破袜子拆开来做线，用来缝东西。
他在荒岛上生活两年四个月，1709年2月12日，一位英国航海家把他救离了海岛，塞尔柯克回到苏格兰后，经常在酒店里向人们讲述他不平凡的经历。
后来，笛福就根据这个故事写成了此书。
继《鲁滨孙漂流记》后，又写了许多小说，比较有名的有：《辛格顿船长》、《杰克上校》、《罗克查娜》、《伦敦大疫记》、《一个骑士的回忆录》等。
丹尼尔笛福德的简介
丹尼尔·笛福德的简介
丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel Defoe，1660年5月6日—1731年4月24日），17—18世纪英国作家。
1660年5月6日，出生于伦敦圣盖尔斯街。
1671年，开始在詹姆斯·费希尔牧师在萨里郡的道尔金开办的学校读书。
1674年，开始在主教查尔斯·莫顿在纽温顿格林村主办的学校读书。
1681年，完成第一部作品论著《冥想》。
1683年，开始从事商业活动。
1688年，参加光荣革命。
1695年，被任命为皇家彩票事务负责人。
1697年，出版论著《计划论》。
1701年，出版长诗《地道的英国人》。
1702年，出版论著《对付新教徒最直截了当的办法》。
1703年，创作诗歌《立枷颂》。
1704年，开始独立主办《评论》杂志。
1705年，创作行旅小说《团结》。
1709年，完成历史记录《大不列颠联合王国史》。
1719年，出版长篇小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
1720年，完成历史小说《骑士回忆录》《辛格顿船长》《鲁滨逊漂流记的回想》。
1722年，出版小说《摩尔·弗兰德斯》《杰克上校》《大疫年日记》。
1724年，出版小说《罗克萨娜》。
1725年，出版小说《英国商人手册》。
1731年4月24日，逝世于伦敦居所，葬于本希尔公墓。
丹尼尔笛福英文简介
丹尼尔笛福英文简介导读：本文是关于丹尼尔笛福英文简介，希望能帮助到您！丹尼尔·笛福简介Daniel Defoe (1660 ~ 1731), British writer. British Enlightenment era realism rich novels founder, known as the "father of the novel", "the father of British novels" and "the father of the British newspaper" and so on. His works are readable. Believe in protestant William III. His representative "Robinson Crusoe", optimistic and brave Robinson through the efforts, by virtue of wisdom and courage to overcome the difficulties, the performance of the pursuit of adventure, advocate personal struggle of the social atmosphere.丹尼尔·笛福人物生平Daniel Defoe (1660 ~ 1731), British novelist, founder of the British Enlightenment era of realism novels, known as the "father of European novels." Was born in the British capital of London, father camp slaughtering industry (one that is oil candle business), so instead chose to do business. He travel extensively, operating underwear in the early years, tobacco and alcohol, wool fabric, brick industry, went to the mainland business.In 1684, Defoe married a daughter of a wine business, got the woman's home worth 3700 pounds of dowry. He strokes his brother andbrother and brother as a partner to start a small department store trading. In addition, it is still doing business in Europe, often making wine trade to increase revenue. However, he followed the puritan principle in the "drunken" business, against the sale of gin and the usual spirits.In 1685 Defoe attended the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth against the Catholic kings.In 1688 the Dutch believe in protestant William led his army to land in England, inherited the British throne, Defoe participated in his army.In 1692 he was bankrupt, debt amounted to 17,000 pounds, and later failed, and thus had to use a variety of ways to make a living. He has acted as a secret intelligence officer of the government, designed various development undertakings, and engaged in writing.In 1698 he published "on the development", to promote highway construction, bank, bankruptcy law, set up crazy homes, do water and fire insurance, levy income tax, school and so on.In 1701 he published a satirical poem "real British", that there is no purebred British, against the aristocratic Catholic forces, for the foreign faith in protestant William III defense. This song is printed with version 9.1702 issued a political theory "to eliminate the different sects of the shortcut", with irony, against the national religion oppression of different sects, clever writing, began to be seen isagainst Christians, after being found, by the fine and jail punishment, imprisonment 6 Month, flog three times, but by the people of London as a hero. In the prison he imitated the Greek poet pinarross's song to write a "lie" (1703), satirical law unfairly.In 1704, Daniel Defoe won the "Review" magazine for Whig's party leader Harry, which was supported by Harry's England-Scottish coalition policy. After 11 years he has been between England and Scotland, as Harry and his successor Toli pie Gordorfen secret intelligence officer, to collect public opinion. During this period, he wrote a short term imprisonment, but never terminated for the Whig party in power to collect intelligence, newspaper, write articles.Defoe began writing novels at the age of 59. In 1719 the first novel, "Robinson Crusoe" published, popular, he succeeded in shaping the image of an idealized bourgeois, in the history of European novels is a pioneering work. The same year and published a sequel.1720 and wrote "Robinson's pensive set." Since then, he has written several novels: "Captain Singleton" "Moore Flanders" "Colonel Jack" and so on. In addition, he also wrote a number of biographies, such as "deaf man Campbell", "peter Emperor Ji", several domestic and foreign travel, such as "New Global Travel" "Roberts Captain four travel" and so on. His novel to "Robinson Crusoe" spread the most widely, is considered his masterpiece.It is said that Flute has been associated with 26 magazines, some people call him "the father of modern news reports." His works,including a large number of political books, a total of 250 species, and both are the need to develop the development of the bourgeoisie, write the city middle class interested and concerned about the issue. (1722), written in 1665 London plague, the occurrence of the plague, the spread of the plague, the plague of the plague, the plague of the plague, It caused terror and panic, as well as the number of deaths, the situation of the escape was written as immersive. At that time the French Marseille plague epidemic, causing people's special attention, Defoe's work to meet the public's curiosity on plague.After the "Robinson Crusoe", he wrote some excellent works, including "Moore Flanders" and "Colonel Jack", which were classified as British literary classics."Robinson Crusoe" best-selling prompted him to write "Robinson Crusoe sequel", he let his hero made a global travel, Robinson's most journey is starting from Beijing, across Siberia to Russia Hangeersk. He has not been to China, but in the sequel talked about the time the European people do not know Heilongjiang.Defoe was too comfortable in his later years, and wrote a few books, some creditors have died, he sold a small brick factory with a small amount of money back to other people's debt, still not far from London to purchase A suite. However, he also has ups and downs, and creditors live in harmony, and could not expect a creditor's widow made a new lawsuit, the judicial machine again spin up, he was to avoid the property was confiscated, the housing and property transferto his son The His son is a capable journalist, who wants him or a villain. Defoe wrote: "I put myself in his subordinate position, trust him, entrusted him to other children who have no living security, and he has not even compassionate, tortured the children, tortured himself The unfortunate mother, who lived a very rich life.The flute of the seventies had to hide from the debt, and he had rented rooms in the center of London's old town.On the day of the 1731 day, the London Courier reported that the evening of the evening, the famous Daniel Defoe died in his own apartment in the Canakan Boulevard. The British love to write their own pretense, written cute, witty and brief. Defoe also wrote that he wanted to write on his tombstone: "Daniel Defoe". But they are another consideration, they wrote on his tombstone: "Daniel Defoe:" Robinson Crusoe "author.丹尼尔·笛福人物评价Defoe lives in the period of capitalist development, he belongs to the bourgeoisie, he is the middle class bourgeois spokesperson.Defoe life is most concerned about the development of capitalism, he strongly praised the bourgeoisie, he believes that the core issue of a country's development is the development of trade. "Give us trade is to give us everything", "trade is the world's prosperous life", which is his most fundamental proposition. Because he thought that trade made the manufacturing and maritime industry development, so that people have work, there are clothing to wear, have food,materials and therefore can maintain high prices, and can maintain a high rent, so the upper society also benefit. As long as there are hard-working people to develop trade, any place will flourish. All his economic works and some political works have played this proposition, put forward a number of specific recommendations. Defarge's idea of developing the economy is conducive to the development of the British society, but he enthusiastically supports the colonial system, proposes to seize and operate the colonies, propose ways to expand trade with backward countries, and embrace slaves. All this shows his class limitations.Defoe was so disgusted with the aristocrats who were proud of the door, and he tried to celebrate the bourgeoisie, not the upper class, and criticized the "gentleman" who looked down on "civilians". He said that the ancestor of the people is working. He stressed that businessmen are useful people, and gentlemen change businessmen, businessmen change the gentleman is a reasonable thing, and so on. praised his class, he in the "Rosanna" where there is a paragraph of the most obvious:Baron Robert and my view of the businessman is exactly the same. Baron Robert said - I think he is perfectly correct - an authentic businessman is the best gentleman in the country, both in knowledge, in the ritual or in judgment, the businessman is stronger than many nobles. Once they control the world, although there is no real estate, but also rich than the real estate of the gentleman.Defoe's attitude towards the working people is twofold. He believes that the root of the crime is poor, rich people are not guilty. Moore Flanders and Rohsana are embraced by the glorious path, because of poverty, so he is also sympathetic to the two characters. He advocated the development of industry and commerce to make the people work. But on the other hand, he was the workers working long time, low wages, underage children will work and other brutal exploitation of the phenomenon as a matter of course. This is the employer's point of view.Defoe accepted Locke's political thought, opposes despotism, and advocates civil rights. At that time the British parliament was the upper echelon of politicians fighting infighting places, bribing and all kinds of dirty means of public. Workers, peasants and the petty bourgeoisie are not represented at all. Defoe advocates that the basic right of man is that no one, including the king, the cabinet, and the congress, can not be violated. "The British are neither kings nor slaves of Congress." Defoe advocated freedom of religious belief, although the British did not like France, Spain, as in the religious issue of extreme autocracy, but the religion outside the protestant denominations and Catholic believers are also a variety of restrictions. He is a non-state religion protestant, who is a petty bourgeoisie who demands a political system that is in line with the "revolutionary principle" and demands freedom of belief. Defoe is the spokesman for this faction. He argues that the people should beeducated and advocated for women to be educated.In general, the thought of Defoe was progressive at the time, but the limitations of his thought were great. The bourgeoisie was still a progressive class and still struggled against feudal forces. Conservative aristocrats, landlords do not produce, sit huge rent income, the bourgeoisie organized large-scale industrial and commercial promotion of social development.The petty bourgeoisie, on the one hand, has the same place as the big bourgeoisie, and on the other, with the ruling class big bourgeoisie and aristocrats, and demand more liberal politics. Therefore, Defoe's views on the development of capitalism, against feudal forces, against political undemocratic, and against monopolies are all progressive. But he was subject to the constraints of the times and class prejudice and colonial system and racial discrimination, which is consistent with the big bourgeoisie, is reactionary. To the working people, he is only concerned with making them work and producing wealth, which coincides with the demands of capitalism. Defoe thought on this duality, clearly manifested in his literary works.Defoe is deeply understood by the characters he describes, and he is good at writing individuals to overcome difficulties in an unfavorable environment. His hero is intelligent, energetic, unbelief, believe in "common sense". plot, structure does not fall ax chisel trace. He is particularly good at describing theenvironment, the details of the fidelity, fictional scene written so that people as immersive.Defoe was so disgusted with the aristocrats who were proud of the door, and he tried to celebrate the bourgeoisie, not the upper class, and criticized the "gentleman" who looked down on "civilians". He said that the ancestor of the people is working. He stressed that businessmen are useful people, and gentlemen change businessmen, businessmen change the gentleman is a reasonable thing, and so on. praised his class, he in the "Rosanna" where there is a paragraph of the most obvious:Baron Robert and my view of the businessman is exactly the same. Baron Robert said - I think he is perfectly correct - an authentic businessman is the best gentleman in the country, both in knowledge, in the ritual or in judgment, the businessman is stronger than many nobles. Once they control the world, although there is no real estate, but also rich than the real estate of the gentleman.。
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"The eighteenth century was the golden age of the (English) novel. The novel of this period … spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage." The novelists of this period understood that "the job of a novelist was to tell the truth about life as he saw it." This explains the achievement of the English novel in the 18th century.
The significance of Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels. Through his characterization of Crusoe, Defoe depicts him as a hero struggling against nature and human fate with his indomitable 不屈不挠的will, and eulogizes creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to the glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage of its historical development. Form an individual laborer to a master and colonizer, Crusoe seems to have gone through various stages of human civilization.
Characteristic of the style and language: simple language, concise description, and well-knit plot construction.
Critics views on Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe and Utopian Thought of the West 《鲁滨逊漂流记》与西方乌托邦思想 牛红英
Robinson Crusoe 1719.鲁滨逊漂流记 Captain Singleton (1720) 辛格顿船长 Moll Flanders (1722),墨尔 弗兰德斯 Colonel Jack (1722)杰克上校 Roxana (1724).罗克萨娜 The last four novels show his deep sympathy for the poor and down-trodden people.
Friday: a friend/servant of Crusoe’s, he spends a number of years on the island with the main character, who saves him from cannibalistic death. Friday is basically Crusoe’s protege [ˈprəuti ʒei] （被保护者）, a living example of religious justification of the slavery relationship between the two ld-famous novel "Gulliver's Travels" drew ruthless pictures of the depraved aristocracy and satirically portrayed the whole of the English state system.
Daniel Defoe
(1660-1731) The soul is placed in the body like a rough diamond, and must be polished, or the luster光 泽 of it will never appear.
A Brief Introduction to Daniel Defoe
The Works of Daniel Defoe
The Trueborn Englishman (1701),真正的英国 人His best-known pamphlet which exposes the aristocracy and the tyranny of the church. The Shortest Way with the Dissenters 消灭不 同教派的捷径(1702) satarizes the English High Church’s 英国国教suppression of Dissenters at all cost. The Review评论– a political and literary magazine started by Defoe
The image of Robinson Crusoe 1. One of the representative of the rising bourgeoisie 2. An enterprising Englishman 3. A laborer, a hard-working industrious and intelligent man. 4. A typical colonizer, explorer, and a foreign trader. He is alert, vigorous and resourceful
English novelist, pamphleteer, and journalist, author of Robinson Crusoe (1719), a story of a man shipwrecked alone on an island. Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel.
Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" was one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century. The development of the English novel was continued by Richardson who wrote his first novel "Pamela" by accident. It was followed by two other long works, "Clarissa" and "Sir Charles Grandison".
Robinson Crusoe
Background on the novel: In 1704, Alexander Selkirk亚历山大 赛尔柯克, a Scottish sailor, was marooned on the island of Juan Fernandez in the Atlantic,
Fielding's novels unfold a panorama of life in all sections of English society. Fielding was the real founder of the realistic novel in England. Another 18th century novelist of the realistic school was Smollett, the author of "Roderick Random". The new element of sentiment or sensibility was added to the novel by Sterne whose "Tristram Shandy" was the strangest novel in English Literature.
The Rise of the English Novel:
The modern European novel began after the Renaissance, with Cervantes's "Don Quixote" (1605-1615). The modern English novel began two centuries later, in the 18th century. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature, which has given the world such novelists as Defoe, Swift, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne.