图像处理 毕业设计 英文翻译
人脸识别 面部 数字图像处理相关 中英对照 外文文献翻译 毕业设计论文 高质量人工翻译 原文带出处
人脸识别相关文献翻译，纯手工翻译，带原文出处(原文及译文)如下翻译原文来自Thomas David Heseltine BSc. Hons. The University of YorkDepartment of Computer ScienceFor the Qualification of PhD. — September 2005 -《Face Recognition: Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Techniques》4 Two-dimensional Face Recognition4.1 Feature LocalizationBefore discussing the methods of comparing two facial images we now take a brief look at some at the preliminary processes of facial feature alignment. This process typically consists of two stages: face detection and eye localisation. Depending on the application, if the position of the face within the image is known beforehand (fbr a cooperative subject in a door access system fbr example) then the face detection stage can often be skipped, as the region of interest is already known. Therefore, we discuss eye localisation here, with a brief discussion of face detection in the literature review(section 3.1.1).The eye localisation method is used to align the 2D face images of the various test sets used throughout this section. However, to ensure that all results presented are representative of the face recognition accuracy and not a product of the performance of the eye localisation routine, all image alignments are manually checked and any errors corrected, prior to testing and evaluation.We detect the position of the eyes within an image using a simple template based method. A training set of manually pre-aligned images of feces is taken, and each image cropped to an area around both eyes. The average image is calculated and used as a template.Figure 4-1 - The average eyes. Used as a template for eye detection.Both eyes are included in a single template, rather than individually searching for each eye in turn, as the characteristic symmetry of the eyes either side of the nose, provides a useful feature that helps distinguish between the eyes and other false positives that may be picked up in the background. Although this method is highly susceptible to scale(i.e. subject distance from the camera) and also introduces the assumption that eyes in the image appear near horizontal. Some preliminary experimentation also reveals that it is advantageous to include the area of skin justbeneath the eyes. The reason being that in some cases the eyebrows can closely match the template, particularly if there are shadows in the eye-sockets, but the area of skin below the eyes helps to distinguish the eyes from eyebrows (the area just below the eyebrows contain eyes, whereas the area below the eyes contains only plain skin).A window is passed over the test images and the absolute difference taken to that of the average eye image shown above. The area of the image with the lowest difference is taken as the region of interest containing the eyes. Applying the same procedure using a smaller template of the individual left and right eyes then refines each eye position.This basic template-based method of eye localisation, although providing fairly preciselocalisations, often fails to locate the eyes completely. However, we are able to improve performance by including a weighting scheme.Eye localisation is performed on the set of training images, which is then separated into two sets: those in which eye detection was successful; and those in which eye detection failed. Taking the set of successful localisations we compute the average distance from the eye template (Figure 4-2 top). Note that the image is quite dark, indicating that the detected eyes correlate closely to the eye template, as we would expect. However, bright points do occur near the whites of the eye, suggesting that this area is often inconsistent, varying greatly from the average eye template.Figure 4-2 一Distance to the eye template for successful detections (top) indicating variance due to noise and failed detections (bottom) showing credible variance due to miss-detected features.In the lower image (Figure 4-2 bottom), we have taken the set of failed localisations(images of the forehead, nose, cheeks, background etc. falsely detected by the localisation routine) and once again computed the average distance from the eye template. The bright pupils surrounded by darker areas indicate that a failed match is often due to the high correlation of the nose and cheekbone regions overwhelming the poorly correlated pupils. Wanting to emphasise the difference of the pupil regions for these failed matches and minimise the variance of the whites of the eyes for successful matches, we divide the lower image values by the upper image to produce a weights vector as shown in Figure 4-3. When applied to the difference image before summing a total error, this weighting scheme provides a much improved detection rate.Figure 4-3 - Eye template weights used to give higher priority to those pixels that best represent the eyes.4.2 The Direct Correlation ApproachWe begin our investigation into face recognition with perhaps the simplest approach,known as the direct correlation method (also referred to as template matching by Brunelli and Poggio [29 ]) involving the direct comparison of pixel intensity values taken from facial images. We use the term "Direct Conelation, to encompass all techniques in which face images are compared directly, without any form of image space analysis, weighting schemes or feature extraction, regardless of the distance metric used. Therefore, we do not infer that Pearson's correlation is applied as the similarity function (although such an approach would obviously come under our definition of direct correlation). We typically use the Euclidean distance as our metric in these investigations (inversely related to Pearson's correlation and can be considered as a scale and translation sensitive form of image correlation), as this persists with the contrast made between image space and subspace approaches in later sections.Firstly, all facial images must be aligned such that the eye centres are located at two specified pixel coordinates and the image cropped to remove any background information. These images are stored as greyscale bitmaps of 65 by 82 pixels and prior to recognition converted into a vector of 5330 elements (each element containing the corresponding pixel intensity value). Each corresponding vector can be thought of as describing a point within a 5330 dimensional image space. This simple principle can easily be extended to much larger images: a 256 by 256 pixel image occupies a single point in 65,536-dimensional image space and again, similar images occupy close points within that space. Likewise, similar faces are located close together within the image space, while dissimilar faces are spaced far apart. Calculating the Euclidean distance d, between two facial image vectors (often referred to as the query image q, and gallery image g), we get an indication of similarity. A threshold is then applied to make the final verification decision.d . q - g ( threshold accept ) (d threshold ⇒ reject ). Equ. 4-14.2.1 Verification TestsThe primary concern in any face recognition system is its ability to correctly verify a claimed identity or determine a person's most likely identity from a set of potential matches in a database. In order to assess a given system's ability to perform these tasks, a variety of evaluation methodologies have arisen. Some of these analysis methods simulate a specific mode of operation (i.e. secure site access or surveillance), while others provide a more mathematicaldescription of data distribution in some classification space. In addition, the results generated from each analysis method may be presented in a variety of formats. Throughout the experimentations in this thesis, we primarily use the verification test as our method of analysis and comparison, although we also use Fisher's Linear Discriminant to analyse individual subspace components in section 7 and the identification test for the final evaluations described in section 8. The verification test measures a system's ability to correctly accept or reject the proposed identity of an individual. At a functional level, this reduces to two images being presented for comparison, fbr which the system must return either an acceptance (the two images are of the same person) or rejection (the two images are of different people). The test is designed to simulate the application area of secure site access. In this scenario, a subject will present some form of identification at a point of entry, perhaps as a swipe card, proximity chip or PIN number. This number is then used to retrieve a stored image from a database of known subjects (often referred to as the target or gallery image) and compared with a live image captured at the point of entry (the query image). Access is then granted depending on the acceptance/rej ection decision.The results of the test are calculated according to how many times the accept/reject decision is made correctly. In order to execute this test we must first define our test set of face images. Although the number of images in the test set does not affect the results produced (as the error rates are specified as percentages of image comparisons), it is important to ensure that the test set is sufficiently large such that statistical anomalies become insignificant (fbr example, a couple of badly aligned images matching well). Also, the type of images (high variation in lighting, partial occlusions etc.) will significantly alter the results of the test. Therefore, in order to compare multiple face recognition systems, they must be applied to the same test set.However, it should also be noted that if the results are to be representative of system performance in a real world situation, then the test data should be captured under precisely the same circumstances as in the application environment.On the other hand, if the purpose of the experimentation is to evaluate and improve a method of face recognition, which may be applied to a range of application environments, then the test data should present the range of difficulties that are to be overcome. This may mean including a greater percentage of6difficult9 images than would be expected in the perceived operating conditions and hence higher error rates in the results produced. Below we provide the algorithm for executing the verification test. The algorithm is applied to a single test set of face images, using a single function call to the face recognition algorithm: CompareF aces(F ace A, FaceB). This call is used to compare two facial images, returning a distance score indicating how dissimilar the two face images are: the lower the score the more similar the two face images. Ideally, images of the same face should produce low scores, while images of different faces should produce high scores.Every image is compared with every other image, no image is compared with itself and nopair is compared more than once (we assume that the relationship is symmetrical). Once two images have been compared, producing a similarity score, the ground-truth is used to determine if the images are of the same person or different people. In practical tests this information is often encapsulated as part of the image filename (by means of a unique person identifier). Scores are then stored in one of two lists: a list containing scores produced by comparing images of different people and a list containing scores produced by comparing images of the same person. The final acceptance/rejection decision is made by application of a threshold. Any incorrect decision is recorded as either a false acceptance or false rejection. The false rejection rate (FRR) is calculated as the percentage of scores from the same people that were classified as rejections. The false acceptance rate (FAR) is calculated as the percentage of scores from different people that were classified as acceptances.For IndexA = 0 to length(TestSet) For IndexB = IndexA+l to length(TestSet) Score = CompareFaces(TestSet[IndexA], TestSet[IndexB]) If IndexA and IndexB are the same person Append Score to AcceptScoresListElseAppend Score to RejectScoresListFor Threshold = Minimum Score to Maximum Score:FalseAcceptCount, FalseRejectCount = 0For each Score in RejectScoresListIf Score <= ThresholdIncrease FalseAcceptCountFor each Score in AcceptScoresListIf Score > ThresholdIncrease FalseRejectCountF alse AcceptRate = FalseAcceptCount / Length(AcceptScoresList)FalseRej ectRate = FalseRejectCount / length(RejectScoresList)Add plot to error curve at (FalseRejectRate, FalseAcceptRate)These two error rates express the inadequacies of the system when operating at aspecific threshold value. Ideally, both these figures should be zero, but in reality reducing either the FAR or FRR (by altering the threshold value) will inevitably resultin increasing the other. Therefore, in order to describe the full operating range of a particular system, we vary the threshold value through the entire range of scores produced. The application of each threshold value produces an additional FAR, FRR pair, which when plotted on a graph produces the error rate curve shown below.False Acceptance Rate / %Figure 4-5 - Example Error Rate Curve produced by the verification test.The equal error rate (EER) can be seen as the point at which FAR is equal to FRR. This EER value is often used as a single figure representing the general recognition performance of a biometric system and allows for easy visual comparison of multiple methods. However, it is important to note that the EER does not indicate the level of error that would be expected in a real world application. It is unlikely that any real system would use a threshold value such that the percentage of false acceptances were equal to the percentage of false rejections. Secure site access systems would typically set the threshold such that false acceptances were significantly lower than false rejections: unwilling to tolerate intruders at the cost of inconvenient access denials.Surveillance systems on the other hand would require low false rejection rates to successfully identify people in a less controlled environment. Therefore we should bear in mind that a system with a lower EER might not necessarily be the better performer towards the extremes of its operating capability.There is a strong connection between the above graph and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, also used in such experiments. Both graphs are simply two visualisations of the same results, in that the ROC format uses the True Acceptance Rate(TAR), where TAR = 1.0 - FRR in place of the FRR, effectively flipping the graph vertically. Another visualisation of the verification test results is to display both the FRR and FAR as functions of the threshold value. This presentation format provides a reference to determine the threshold value necessary to achieve a specific FRR and FAR. The EER can be seen as the point where the two curves intersect.Figure 4-6 - Example error rate curve as a function of the score threshold The fluctuation of these error curves due to noise and other errors is dependant on the number of face image comparisons made to generate the data. A small dataset that only allows fbr a small number of comparisons will results in a jagged curve, in which large steps correspond to the influence of a single image on a high proportion of the comparisons made. A typical dataset of 720 images (as used in section 4.2.2) provides 258,840 verification operations, hence a drop of 1% EER represents an additional 2588 correct decisions, whereas the quality of a single image could cause the EER to fluctuate by up to 0.28.422 ResultsAs a simple experiment to test the direct correlation method, we apply the technique described above to a test set of 720 images of 60 different people, taken from the AR Face Database [ 39 ]. Every image is compared with every other image in the test set to produce a likeness score, providing 258,840 verification operations from which to calculate false acceptance rates and false rejection rates. The error curve produced is shown in Figure 4-7.Figure 4-7 - Error rate curve produced by the direct correlation method using no image preprocessing.We see that an EER of 25.1% is produced, meaning that at the EER threshold approximately one quarter of all verification operations carried out resulted in an incorrect classification. Thereare a number of well-known reasons for this poor level of accuracy. Tiny changes in lighting, expression or head orientation cause the location in image space to change dramatically. Images in face space are moved far apart due to these image capture conditions, despite being of the same person's face. The distance between images of different people becomes smaller than the area of face space covered by images of the same person and hence false acceptances and false rejections occur frequently. Other disadvantages include the large amount of storage necessaryfor holding many face images and the intensive processing required for each comparison, making this method unsuitable fbr applications applied to a large database. In section 4.3 we explore the eigenface method, which attempts to address some of these issues.4二维人脸识别4.1功能定位在讨论比较两个人脸图像，我们现在就简要介绍的方法一些在人脸特征的初步调整过程。
图像处理本科毕业论文.doc
摘要本文以VC++6.0做为编程语言，对图像降噪技术进行研究。
本文通过介绍位图的基本操作以及在图像中加入椒盐噪声的操作，从而进一步引出几种降噪方法。
本文分别介绍“均值滤波”、“中值滤波”以及“傅里叶降噪”和“小波降噪”四种算法，实现图像降噪。
详细介绍了其基本原理、实现方法以及具体算法，并对降噪效果加以比较与分析。
“均值滤波”把每个像素都用周围的8个像素来做均值操作，可以平滑图像，速度快，算法简单。
“中值滤波”是常用的非线性滤波方法,也是图像处理技术中最常用的预处理技术。
同时在“低通滤波”及“小波降噪”中分别引入“快速傅里叶变换”和“Mallat 算法”，使得其取得更快速的计算，有效地解决了其计算量太大，运算时间过长的弊端，从而达到更好的综合降噪效果。
关键词：图像降噪；滤波；傅里叶降噪；小波降噪AbstractTaking VC++6.0 as the programming language, this paper is a study about image noise reduction technology. Furthermore, introducing several noise reducing measures through the introduction of the basic processing and the operation to put the salt and pepper noise into the image.The paper introduces Averaging Filter, Median Filter,Fourier Lowpass Filtering and Wavelet Filter to achieve image noise reducing. Here we introduce the basic principles, implement methods, detailed arithmetic, and make comparison and analysis the noise reducing effects.Averaging Filter operates every pixel by using 8 pixels meanly. It can make the images smoothing, fast and easy to calculate. Median Filter Fourier is a common nonlinear filtering way and also common preprocessing technique when processing images. Introducing FFT and Mallat Algorithm separately into Lowpass Filtering and Wavelet Filter, and then we can make faster calculating and solve the massive calculating more efficiently. Therefore, we can have a more effective noise reducing.Keywords：Image Noise Reduction；Filter；Fourier Filter；Wavelet filter毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。
常用课程的英文翻译
文献检索 document．tion Retrieval
数据库概论 Introduction to Database
网络原理 Principles of Network
人工智能 Artificial Intelligence
Finance 财政学
Financial Accounting 财务会计
Fine Arts 美术
Functions of a Complex Variable 单复变函数
Functions of Complex Variables 复变函数
Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformations 复变函数与积分变
数字电子技术 Digital Electrical Technique
电磁场 Electromagnetic Field
微机原理 Principle of Microcomputer
企业管理 Business Management
专业英语 Specialized English
可编程序控制技术 Controlling Technique for Programming
Advanced Mathematics 高等数学
Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析
Algorithmic Language 算法语言
Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路
Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计
大学各专业名称英文翻译—— 理科 SCIENCE范文
大学各专业名称英文翻译——理科SCIENCE理科 SCIENCE课程中文名称课程英文名称矩阵分析 Matrix Analysis面向对象程序设计方法 Design Methods of Object oriented Program李代数 Lie Algebra代数图论 Algebraic Graph Theory代数几何（I） Algebraic Geometry（I）泛函分析 Functional Analysis论文选读 Study on Selected PapersHoof代数 Hoof Algebra基础代数 Fundamental Algebra交换代数 Commutative Algebra代数几何 Algebraic GeometryHoof代数与代数群量子群 Hoof Algebra , Algebraic Group and Qua numb G roup量子群表示 Representation of Quantum Groups网络算法与复杂性 Network Algorithms and Complexity组合数学 Combinatorial Mathematics代数学 Algebra半群理论 Semigroup Theory计算机图形学 Computer Graphics图的对称性 Graph Symmetry代数拓扑 Algebraic Topology代数几何（II） Algebraic Geometry（II）微分几何 Differential Geometry多复变函数 Analytic Functions of Several Complex Varian les代数曲面 Algebraic Surfaces高维代数簇 Algebraic Varieties of Higher Dimension数理方程 Mathematics and Physical Equation偏微分方程近代方法 The Recent Methods of Partial Differential Equatio ns激波理论 The Theory of Shock Waves非线性双曲型守恒律解的存在性 The Existence of Solutions for Non-linea r Hyperbolic Conservation Laws粘性守恒律解的稳定性 Stability of Solutions for Viscous Conservation Laws微分方程数值解 Numerical Methods for Differential Equations小波理论与应用 Wavelet Theory and Application非线性方程组的数值解法 Numerical Methods for No-linear System s of Eq uations网络算法与复杂性 Network Algorithms and Complexity Graph Theory 60近世代数 Modern Algebra高等量子力学 Advanced Quantum Mechanics统计力学 Statistical Mechanics固体理论 Solid State Theory薄膜物理 Thin Film Physics计算物理学 Computational Physics量子场论 Quantum Field Theory非线性物理导论 Introduction to Nonlinear Physics固体磁性理论 Theory of Magnetism in SolidC语言科学计算方法 Scientific Computation Method in C功能材料原理与技术 Principle and Technology of Functional Materials 超高真空科学与技术 Science and Technology of Ultrahigh Vacuum 60现代表面分析技术 Modern Technology of Surface Analysis现代传感技术 Modern Sensor Technology数学模型与计算机模拟 Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations计算物理谱方法 Spectral Method in Computational Physics蒙特卡罗方法在统计物理中的应用 Applications of the Monte Carlo Method in Statistical Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics固体物理 Solid-State Physics近代物理实验 Contemporary Physics Experiments计算物理基础 Basics of Computational Physics真空与薄膜技术 Vacuum & Thin Film Technology高等光学 Advanced Optics量子光学与统计光学 Quantum Optics and Statistical Optics光电子学与光电信息技术 Optoelectronics and Optoelectronic Information Technology图像处理与分析 Image Processing and Analysis光纤通信系统 System of Fiber Communications计算机网络 Computer Networks光电检测与信号处理 Optoelectronic Detection and Processing物理光学与光电子技术实验 Experiments for Physical Optics and Optoelec tronic Technology非线性光学 Nonlinear Optics集成光学 Integrated Optics光子学器件原理与技术 Principle and Technology of Photonics Devices 物理光学与信息光子学实验 Physical Optics & Information Photonics Expe riments现代激光医学 Modern Laser Medicine生物医学光子学 Biomedicine Photonics激光医学临床实践 Clinical Practice for Laser Medicine光纤通信网络 Networks of Fiber Communications光接入网技术 Technology of Light Access Network全光通信系统 All-Optical Communication Systems计算机图形学 Computer Graphics信息光学 Information Optics光子学专题 Special Topics on Photonics激光与近代光学 Laser and Contemporary Optics光电子技术 Photo electronic Technique微机系统与接口 Micro Computer System and Interface智能仪器 Intelligent Instruments高等无机化学 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry量子化学(含群论) Quantum Chemistry(including Group Theory)高等分析化学 Advanced Analytical Chemistry高等有机化学 Advanced organic Chemistry现代科学前沿选论 Literature on Frontiers of Modern Science and Techno logy激光化学 Laser Chemistry激光光谱 Laser Spectroscopy稀土化学 Rare Earth Chemistry材料化学 Material Chemistry生物无机化学导论 Bioinorganic Chemistry配位化学 Coordination Chemistry膜模拟化学 Membrane Mimetic Chemistry晶体工程基础 Crystal Engineering催化原理 Principles of Catalysis绿色化学 Green Chemistry现代有机合成 Modern organic Synthesis无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry物理化学 Physics Chemistry有机化学 organic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry现代仪器分析 Modern Instrumental Analysis现代波谱学 Modern Spectroscopy化学计量学 Chemistries现代食品分析 Modern Methods of Food Analysis天然产物化学 Natural Product Chemistry天然药物化学 Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry现代环境分析与监测 Analysis and Monitoring of Environment Pollution 现代科学前沿选论 Literature on Frontiers of Modern Science and Techno logy计算机在分析化学的应用 Computer Application in Analytical Chemistry 现代仪器分析技术 Modern Instrument Analytical Technique分离科学 Separation Science高等环境微生物 Advanced Environmental Microorganism海洋资源利用与开发 Utilization & Development of Ocean Resources立体化学 Stereochemistry高等发光分析 Advanced Luminescence Analysis激光光谱分析 Laser Spectroscopy Analysis保健食品监督评价 Evaluation and Supervision on Health Food s生物电化学 Bioelectrochemistry现代技术与中药 Modern Technology and Traditional Chinese Medicine高等有机化学 Advanced organic Chemistry中药新药研究与开发 Study and Exploitation of Traditional Chinese Medi cine药物化学研究方法 Pharmaceutical Chemical Research Methods废水处理工程 Technology of Wastewater Treatment生物与化学传感技术 Biosensors & Chemical Sensors现代分析化学研究方法 Research Methods of Modern Analytical Chemistry 神经生物学 Neurobiology动物遗传工程 Animal Genetic Engineering动物免疫学 Animal Immunology动物病害学基础 Basis of Animal Disease受体生物化学 Receptor Biochemistry动物生理与分子生物学 Animal Physiology and Molecular Biochemistry分析生物化学 Analytical Biochemistry学科前沿讲座 Lectures on Frontiers of the Discipline微生物学 Microbiology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生理学 Physiology电生理技术基础 Basics of Electrophysiological Technology 生理学 Physiology生物化学 Biochemistry高级水生生物学 Advanced Aquatic Biology藻类生理生态学 Ecological Physiology in Algae水生动物生理生态学 Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal 水域生态学 Aquatic Ecology水生态毒理学 Aquatic Ecotoxicology水生生物学研究进展 Advance on Aquatic Biology水环境生态学模型 Models of Water Quality藻类生态学 Ecology in Algae生物数学 Biological Mathematics植物生理生化 Plant Biochemistry水质分析方法 Water Quality Analysis水产养殖学 Aquaculture环境生物学 Environmental Biology专业文献综述 Review on Special Information分子生物学 Molecular Biology学科前沿讲座 Lectures on Frontiers of the Discipline植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology普通生态学 General Ecology生物统计学 Biological Statistics分子遗传学 Molecular Genetics基因工程原理 Principles of Gene Engineering高级生物化学 Advanced Biochemistry基因工程技术 Technique for Gene Engineering基因诊断 Gene Diagnosis基因组学 Genomics医学遗传学 Medical Genetics免疫遗传学 Immunogenetics基因工程药物学 Pharmacology of Gene Engineering 高级生化技术 Advanced Biochemical Technique基因治疗 Gene Therapy肿瘤免疫学 Tumor Immunology免疫学 Immunology免疫化学技术 Methods for Immunological Chemistry 毒理遗传学 Toxicological Genetics分子病毒学 Molecular Virology分子生物学技术 Protocols in Molecular Biology神经免疫调节 Neuroimmunology普通生物学 Biology生物化学技术 Biochemical Technique分子生物学 Molecular Biology生殖生理与生殖内分泌 Reproductive Physiology & Reproductive Endocrino logy生殖免疫学 Reproductive Immunology发育生物学原理与实验技术 Principle and Experimental Technology of Dev elopment免疫学 Immunology蛋白质生物化学技术 Biochemical Technology of Protein受精的分子生物学 Molecular Biology of Fertilization免疫化学技术 Immunochemical Technology低温生物学原理与应用 Principle & Application of Cryobiology不育症的病因学 Etiology of Infertility分子生物学 Molecular Biology生物化学 Biochemistry分析生物化学 Analytical Biochemistry医学生物化学 Medical Biochemistry医学分子生物学 Medical Molecular Biology医学生物化学技术 Techniques of Medical Biochemistry生化与分子生物学进展 Progresses in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 高级植物生理生化 Advanced Plant Physiology and Biochemistry拟南芥—结构与发育 Arabidopsis-Structure and Development开花的艺术 Art of Flowering蛋白质结构基础 Principle of Protein Structure生活在美国 Living in America分子进化工程 Engineering of Molecular Evolution生物工程下游技术 Downstream Technique of Biotechnology 仪器分析 Instrumental Analysis临床检验与诊断 Clinical Check-up & Diagnosis药理学 Pharmacology。
常用课程的英文翻译
常用课程的英文翻译高等数学A dvanc ed Ma thema tics工程数学 Engi neeri ng Ma thema tics中国革命史 His toryof Ch inese Revo lutio nary程序设计 Prog rammi ng De sign机械制图 Mech anica l Dra wing社会学Socio logy体育P hysic al Ed ucati on物理实验P hysic al Ex perim ents电路C ircui t物理 Phys ics 哲学 Ph iloso phy 法律基础Basis of L aw理论力学T heore tical Mech anics材料力学 Mat erial Mech anics电机学 Elec trica l Mac hiner y政治经济学P oliti cal E conom y自动控制理论Autom aticContr ol Th eory模拟电子技术基础Basis of A nalog ue El ectro nic T echni que 数字电子技术 Dig italElect rical Tech nique电磁场 Elec troma gneti c Fie ld微机原理P rinci ple o f Mic rocom puter企业管理 Bus iness Mana gemen t专业英语 Sp ecial izedEngli sh可编程序控制技术 Co ntrol lingTechn iquefor P rogra mming金工实习 Met al Wo rking Prac tice毕业实习 Grad uatio n Pra ctice毕业设计 Gra duati on Pr ojectXX课程设计P rojec t ofXX电力系统稳态分析 St eady-State Anal ysisof Po wer S ystem电力系统暂态分析 Tran sient-Stat e Ana lysis of P owerSyste m电力系统继电保护原理P rinci ple o f Ele ctric al Sy stem's Rel ay Pr otect ion 电力系统元件保护原理 Prot ectio n Pri ncipl e ofPower Syst em 's Elem ent 电力系统内部过电压PastVolta ge wi thinPower syst em大学英语 Col legeEngli sh高等代数A dvanc ed Al gebraPAS CAL语言 PASC AL La nguag eC语言 C L angua ge汇编语言A ssemb ly La nguag e操作系统 Op erati ng Sy stem微机接口技术 Mi croco mpute r Int erfac e Tec hniqu e数据结构 Da ta St ructu re计算机网络Compu ter N etwor k计算机控制技术 Comp uterCortr ol Te chniq ue数据库技术Datab ase T echni que 专家系统Exper t Sys tem 毕业设计Gradu ation Proj ect 高等数学Advan ced M athem atics体育Physi cal E ducat ion 德育 Mo ralis m机械制图 Me chani cal D rawin g工程数学 En ginee ringMathe matic s电工学 Ele ctrot echni cs计算方法C omput ing M ethod微机原理 Pri ncipl e ofMicro compu ter 概率学P robab ility信息系统分析与设计 Inf ormat ion S ystem Anal yse a nd de sign编译方法 Tran slate andeditMetho d专业英语阅读Speci alize d Eng lishReadi ng普通物理学Gener al Ph ysics数字电子技术D igita l Ele ctric al Te chniq ue高等代数E lemen taryAlgeb ra数学分析M athem atica l Ana lysis中共党史 His toryof th e Chi neseCommu nistParty算法语言 Alg orith mic L angua ge体育 Phy sical Educ ation英语Engli sh La nguag e力学实验 Me chani cs-Pr actic al德育 Mor al Ed ucati onP ASCAL语言 PA SCALLangu age 政治经济学 Poli tical Econ omics电学实验 Ele ctric al Ex perim ent 数字逻辑Mathe matic al Lo gic 普通物理Gener al Ph ysics计算方法 Com putin g Met hod 离散数学Discr ete M athem atics汇编原理 Pri ncipl es of Asse mbly概率与统计 Pro babil ity & Stat istic s数据结构 Da ta St ructu re哲学 Phi losop hy微机原理P rinci plesof Mi croco mpute r编译方法 Co mpila tionMetho d系统结构 Sy stemStruc ture操作系统原理 Pr incip les o f Ope ratin g Sys tem 文献检索docum ent．t ion R etrie val 数据库概论 Intr oduct ion t o Dat abase网络原理 Pri ncipl es of Netw ork 人工智能Artif icial Inte llige nce 算法分析Algor ithmAnaly sis 毕业论文Gradu ation Thes is－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－自然辩证法N atura l Dia lecti cs英语 Eng lishLangu age 数理统计Numer al St atist ic/Nu meric al St atist ic人工智能及其体系结构Artif icial Inte llige nce & itsArchi tectu re高级数理逻辑 Adva ncedNumer icalLogic高级程序设计语言的设计与实现 Adv anced Prog rammi ng La nguag e's D esign & I mplem entat ion 软件工程基础 Fou ndati on of Soft wareEngin eerin g专业英语 Sp ecial izedEngli sh计算机网络Compu ter N etwor k高级计算机体系结构 Ad vance d Com puter Arch itect ure IBM汇编及高级语言的接口I BM As sembl y & i ts In terfa ces w ith A dvanc edP rogra mming Lang uages分布式计算机系统 Dist ribut ed Co mpute r Sys tem / Dist ribut ed Sy stem计算机网络实验C omput er Ne twork Expe rimen tAd vance d Com putat ional Flui d Dyn amics高等计算流体力学Adva ncedMathe matic s 高等数学Ad vance d Num erica l Ana lysis高等数值分析A lgori thmic Lang uage算法语言Anal ogica l Ele ctron ics 模拟电子电路Art ifici al In telli gence Prog rammi ng 人工智能程序设计Au dit 审计学A utoma tic C ontro l Sys tem 自动控制系统Aut omati c Con trolTheor y 自动控制理论Auto-Measu remen t Tec hniqu e 自动检测技术Basis of S oftwa re Te chniq ue 软件技术基础Calc ulus微积分Catal ysisPrinc iples催化原理Che mical Engi neeri ng do cumen t．nbs pRetr ieval化工文献检索C ircui try 电子线路Colle ge En glish大学英语Col legeEngli sh Te st (B and 4) CET-4C olleg e Eng lishTest(Band 6) C ET-6Coll ege P hysic s 大学物理Co mmuni catio n Fun damen tals通信原理Comp arati ve Ec onomi cs 比较经济学Compl ex An alysi s 复变函数论C omput ation al Me thod计算方法Comp uterGraph ics 图形学原理comp uterorgan izati on 计算机组成原理com puter arch itect ure 计算机系统结构Co mpute r Int erfac e Tec hnolo gy 计算机接口技术Con tract Law合同法CostAccou nting成本会计Cir cuitMeasu remen t Tec hnolo gy 电路测试技术Data basePrinc iples数据库原理De sign& Ana lysis Syst em 系统分析与设计Dev elopm ental Econ omics发展经济学di scret e mat hemat ics 离散数学Digit al El ectro nics数字电子电路Di gital Imag e Pro cessi ng 数字图像处理Digi tal S ignal Proc essin g 数字信号处理Econo metri cs 经济计量学Econo mical Effi cienc y Ana lysis forChemi cal T echno logy化工技术经济分析Ec onomy of C apita lism资本主义经济El ectro magne tic F ields & Ma gneti c Wav es 电磁场与电磁波Ele ctric al En ginee ringPract ice 电工实习Enter prise Acco untin g 企业会计学E quati ons o f Mat hemat icalPhysi cs 数理方程E xperi mentof Co llege Phys ics 物理实验Exper iment of M icroc omput er 微机实验E xperi mentin El ectro nic C ircui try 电子线路实验Fib er Op tical Comm unica tionSyste m 光纤通讯系统Finan ce 财政学Fi nanci al Ac count ing 财务会计FineArts美术F uncti ons o f a C omple x Var iable单复变函数Fu nctio ns of Comp lex V ariab les 复变函数Funct ionsof Co mplex Vari ables & In tegra l Tra nsfor matio ns 复变函数与积分变换F undam ental s ofLaw 法律基础Fuzzy Math emati cs 模糊数学G enera l Phy sics普通物理Grad uatio n Pro ject(Thesi s) 毕业设计（论文）Gr aph t heory图论HeatTrans fer T heory传热学Hist ory o f Chi neseRevol ution中国革命史In dustr ial E conom ics 工业经济学Info rmati on Se arche s 情报检索In tegra l Tra nsfor matio n 积分变换In telli gentrobot(s);Intel ligen ce ro bot 智能机器人Inte rnati onalBusin ess A dmini strat ion 国际企业管理Int ernat ional Clea rance国际结算Int ernat ional Fina nce 国际金融Inter natio nal R elati on 国际关系I ntern ation al Tr ade 国际贸易Intro ducti on to Chin ese T radit ion 中国传统文化Int roduc tionto Mo dernScien ce &Techn ology当代科技概论I ntrod uctio n toRelia bilit y Tec hnolo gy 可靠性技术导论Jav a Lan guage Prog rammi ng Ja va 程序设计L ab of Gene ral P hysic s 普通物理实验Linea r Alg ebra线性代数Mana gemen t Acc ounti ng 管理会计学Manag ement Info rmati on Sy stem管理信息系统Me chani c Des ign 机械设计Mecha nical Grap hing机械制图Merc handi se Ad verti semen t 商品广告学M etalw orkin g Pra ctice金工实习Mic rocom puter Cont rol T echno logy微机控制技术Mi croec onomi cs &Macro econo mics西方经济学Mic rowav e Tec hniqu e 微波技术Mi litar y The ory 军事理论Moder n Com munic ation Syst em 现代通信系统Mode rn En terpr ise S ystem现代企业制度M oneta ry Ba nking货币银行学Mo tor E lemen ts an d Pow er Su pply电机电器与供电M oving Comm unica tion移动通讯Musi c 音乐Netw ork T echno logy网络技术Num ericCalcu latio n 数值计算Oi l App licat ion a nd Ad ditio n Age nt 油品应用及添加剂Op erati on &Contr ol of Nati onalEcono my 国民经济运行与调控O perat ional Rese arch运筹学Optim um Co ntrol最优控制Pet roleu m Che mistr y 石油化学Pe trole um En ginee ringTechn ique石油化工工艺学P hilos ophy哲学P hysic al Ed ucati on 体育Pol itica l Eco nomic s 政治经济学p rinci ple o f com pilin g 编译原理Pr imary Circ uit （反应堆）一回路P rinci ple o f Com munic ation通讯原理Pri ncipl e ofMarxi sm 马克思主义原理Pri ncipl e ofMecha nics机械原理Prin ciple of M icroc omput er 微机原理P rinci ple o f Sen singDevic e 传感器原理P rinci ple o f Sin gle C hip C omput er 单片机原理Princ iples of M anage ment管理学原理Pro babil ity T heory & St ochas tic P roces s 概率论与随机过程Pro cedur e Con trol过程控制Prog rammi ng wi th Pa scalLangu age P ascal语言编程Prog rammi ng wi th CLangu age C语言编程Prop ertyEvalu ation工业资产评估P ublic Rela tion公共关系学Pul se &Numer icalCircu itry脉冲与数字电路R efine ry He at Tr ansfe r Equ ipmen t 炼厂传热设备Satel liteCommu nicat ions卫星通信Semi condu ctorConve rting Tech nolog y 半导体变流技术SetTheor y 集合论Sig nal & Line ar Sy stem信号与线性系统S ocial Rese arch社会调查soft wareengin eerin g 软件工程SP C Exc hange Fund ament als 程控交换原理Spe cialt y Eng lish专业英语Stat istic s 统计学Sto ck In vestm ent 证券投资学Stra tegic Mana gemen t for Indu stria l Ent erpri ses 工业企业战略管理T echno logic al Ec onomi cs 技术经济学Telev ision Oper ation电视原理The ory o f Cir cuitr y 电路理论Tu rbule nt Fl ow Si mulat ion a nd Ap plica tion湍流模拟及其应用Visua l C++ Prog rammi ng Vi sualC++程序设计W indow s NTOpera tingSyste m Pri ncipl es Wi ndows NT操作系统原理Word Proc essin g 数据处理生物物理学 Bio physi cs真空冷冻干燥技术 Va cuumFreez ing & Dryi ng Te chnol ogy 16位微机 16 D igitMicro compu ter ALGOL语言 AL GOL L angua geB ASIC语言 BA SIC L angua geB ASIC语言及应用 BASI C Lan guage & Ap plica tionC 语言 C La nguag eCA D 概论Intro ducti on to CADCAD/CAM C AD/CA MCO BOL语言 COBO L Lan guageCOB OL语言程序设计C OBOLLangu age P rogra m Des ignin gC与UNIX环境 C L angua ge &UnixEnvir onmen tC语言与生物医学信息处理 C La nguag e & B iomed icalInfor matio n Pro cessi ng d BASEⅢ课程设计 C ou rse E xerci se in dBAS E ⅢFORTR AN语言FORTR AN La nguag eIB M-PC/XT Fu ndame ntals of M icroc omput er IB M-PC/XTI BM-PC微机原理Funda menta ls of Micr ocomp uterIBM-P CLS I设计基础 Basi c ofLSI D esign ing PASCA L大型作业 PASC AL Wi de Ra nge W orkin gPA SCAL课程设计C ourse Exer cisein PA SCALX射线与电镜 X-ray & Elec tricMicro scopeZ-80汇编语言程序设计Z-80Pragr ammin g inAssem bly L angua ges 板壳理论Plate Theo ry板壳力学P lateMecha nics半波实验 Semi waveExper iment半导体变流技术Semic onduc tor C onver tingTechn ology半导体材料 Se micon ducto r Mat erial s半导体测量M easur ement of S emico nduct ors 半导体瓷敏元件 Se micon ducto r Por celai n-Sen sitiv e Ele ments半导体光电子学Semic onduc tor O pticElect ronic s半导体化学S emico nduct or Ch emist ry半导体激光器 Semi condu ctorLaser Unit半导体集成电路Semic onduc tor I ntegr atedCircu itry半导体理论 Sem icond uctiv e The ory 半导体器件 Semi condu ctorDevic es半导体器件工艺原理T echno logic al Fu ndame ntals of S emico nduct or De vice半导体物理 Sem icond uctor Phys ics 半导体专业 Semi condu ction Spec ialty半导体专业实验Speci altyExper iment of S emico nduct or薄膜光学F ilm O ptics报告文学专题S pecia l Sub jectOn Re porta ge报刊编辑学Newsp aper& Mag azine Edit ing 报纸编辑学 News paper Edit ing 泵与风机Pumps andFans泵与水机 Pump s & W aterTurbi nes 毕业设计Gradu ation Thes is编译方法M ethod s ofCompi ling编译技术 Tech nique of C ompil ing 编译原理Funda menta ls of Comp iling变电站的微机检测与控制C omput er Te sting & Co ntrol in T ransf ormerSub stati on变分法与张量 Calc ulusof Va riati ons & Tens or变分学 Ca lculu s ofVaria tions变质量系统热力学与新型回转压 Var iable Qual ity S ystem Ther mal M echan ics &Neo-R o表面活性物质Surfa ce Re activ e Mat erial s并行算法 Pa ralle l Alg orith mic 波谱学W ave S pectr um材料的力学性能测试M easur ement of M ateri al Me chani cal P erfor mance材料力学 Mec hanic s ofMater ials财务成本管理 Fi nanci al Co st Ma nagem ent 财政学P ublic Fina nce 财政与金融 Fina nce & Bank ing 财政与信贷 Fina nce & Cred it操作系统D isk O perat ing S ystem操作系统课程设计 Cour se De signin Di sk Op erati ng Sy stem操作系统原理 Fu ndame ntals of D isk O perat ing S ystem策波测量技术T echni que o f Whi p Wav e Mea surem ent 测量原理与仪器设计Measu remen t Fun damen tals& Met er De sign测试技术 Test ing T echno logy测试与信号变换处理 Test ing & Sign al Tr ansfo rmati on Pr ocess ing 产业经济学 Indu stria l Eco nomy产业组织学 Ind ustri al Or ganiz ation Tech noool igy 场论 Fi eld T heory常微分方程 Or dinar y Dif feren tical Equa tions超导磁体及应用Super condu ctive Magn et &Appli catio n超导及应用S uperc onduc tive& App licat ion 超精微细加工 Sup er-Pr ecisi on &Minut eness Proc essin g城市规划原理Funda menta ls of City Plan ning城市社会学 Urb an So ciolo gy成组技术G roupi ng Te chniq ue齿轮啮合原理 Prin ciple s ofGearConne ction冲击测量及误差Punch ing M easur ement & Er ror 冲压工艺Sheet Meta l For mingTechn ology抽象代数 Abs tract Alge bra 传动概论Intro ducti on to Tran smiss ion 传感器与检测技术S ensor s & T estin g Tec hnolo gy传感器原理Funda menta ls of Sens ors 传感器原理及应用F undam ental s ofSenso rs &Appli catio n传热学 Hea t Tra nsfer传坳概论 Int roduc tionto Pa ss Co l船舶操纵 Sh ip Co ntrol ing 船舶电力系统 Shi p Ele ctric al Po wer S ystem船舶电力系统课程设计 Co urseExerc ise i n Shi p Ele ctric al Po wer S ystem 船舶电气传动自动化 Shi p Ele ctrif ied T ransm issio n Aut omati on船舶电站S hip P owerStati on船舶动力装置 Ship Powe r Equ ipmen t船舶概论 In trodu ction to S hips船舶焊接与材料W eldin g & M ateri als o n Shi p船舶机械控制技术 Mec hanic Cont rol T echno logyfor S hips船舶机械拖动 Sh ip Me chami c Tow age 船舶建筑美学 Art istic Desi gning of S hips船舶结构力学 St ructu al Me chami cs fo r Shi ps船舶结构与制图 Shi p Str uctur e & G raphi ng船舶静力学ShipStati cs船舶强度与结构设计D esign ing S hip I ntens ity & Stru cture船舶设计原理P rinci plesof Sh ip De signi ng船舶推进S hip P ropel ing 船舶摇摆ShipSwayi ng船舶阻力S hip R esist ance船体建造工艺 Sh ip-Bu ildin g Tec hnolo gy船体结构S hip S truct ure 船体结构图 Ship Stru cture Grap hing船体振动学 Shi p Vib ratio n创造心理学C reati vityPsych ology磁测量技术 Ma gneti c Mea surem ent T echno logy磁传感器 Magn eticSenso r磁存储设备设计原理 Fu ndame ntalDesig n ofMagne tic M emory Equi pment 磁记录技术 Ma gneto graph ic Te chnol ogy 磁记录物理 Magn etogr aphic Phys ics 磁路设计与场计算M agnet ic Pa th De signi ng &Magne tic F ieldCalcu lati磁盘控制器 Mag netic Disk Cont roler磁性材料 Mag netic Mate rials磁性测量 Mag netic Meas ureme nt磁性物理M agnet ophys ics 磁原理及应用 Pri ncipl es of Cata lyzat ion & Appl icati on大电流测量Super-Curr ent M easur ement大电源测量 Su per-P owerMeasu remen t大机组协调控制 Coor dinat ion & Cont rol o f Gen erato r Net works大跨度房屋结构Large-Span Hous e str uctur e大型锅炉概况Intro ducti on to Larg e-Vol ume B oiler s大型火电机组控制 Con trolof La rge T herma l Pow er Ge nerat or Ne twork s大学德语 Co llege Germ an大学俄语C olleg e Rus sian大学法语 Coll ege F rench大学日语 Col legeJapan ese 大学英语Colle ge En glish大学语文 Col legeChine se大众传播学MassMedia代用运放电路S imula ted T ransm ittal Circ uit 单片机原理 Fund ament als o f Mon o-Chi p Com puter s单片机原理及应用 Fun damen talsof Mo no-Ch ip Co mpute rs &Appli catio ns 弹性力学T heory of E lasti c Mec hanic s当代国际关系Conte mpora ry In terna tiona l Rel ation ship当代国外社会思维评价 Eva luati on of Cont empor ary F oreig n Soc ial T hough t 当代文学 Co ntemp orary Lite ratur e当代文学专题Topic s onConte mpora ry Li terat ure 当代西方哲学 Con tempo raryWeste rn Ph iloso phy 当代戏剧与电影 Co ntemp orary Dram a & F ilms党史H istor y ofthe P arty导波光学 Wave Guid ing O ptics等离子体工程P lasma Engi neeri ng低频电子线路 LowFrequ encyElect ric C ircui t低温传热学C ryo C onduc tion低温固体物理 Cr yo So lid P hysic s低温技术原理与装置 Fu ndame ntals of C ryo T echno logy& Equ ipmen t低温技术中的微机原理P ricip les o f Mic rocom puter in C ryo T echno logy低温绝热 Cryo Heat Insu latio n低温气体制冷机 Cryo GasRefri gerat or低温热管C ryo H eat T ube 低温设备CryoEquip ment低温生物冻干技术Biolo gical Cryo Free zingDryin g Tec hnolo gy低温实验技术 Cryo Expe rimen tatio n Tec hnolo gy低温物理导论 Cryo Phys ic Co ncept s低温物理概论CryoPhysi c Con cepts低温物理概念C ryo P hysic Conc epts低温仪表及测试C ryo M eters & Me asure ment低温原理 Cryo Fund ament als 低温中的微机应用A pplic ation of M icroc omput er in Cryo Tech nolog y低温装置 Cr yo Eq uipme nt低噪声电子电路 Low-Nois e Ele ctric Circ uit 低噪声电子设计 Lo w-Noi se El ectro nic D esign ing 低噪声放大与弱检L ow-No ise I ncrea sing& Dec reasi ng低噪声与弱信号检测D etect ion o f Low Nois e & W eak S ignal s地理 Geog raphy第二次世界大战史 Hist ory o f Wor ld Wa r II电测量技术 Ele ctric Meas ureme nt Te chnol ogy 电厂计算机控制系统Compu ter C ontro l Sys tem i n Pow er Pl ants电磁测量实验技术Elect romag netic Meas ureme nt Ex perim ent & Tech nolog y 电磁场计算机Elect romag netic Fiel d Com puter s电磁场理论T heory of E lectr omagn eticField s电磁场数值计算 Nume rical Calc ulati on of Elec troma gneti c Fie lds 电磁场与电磁波 El ectro magne tic F ields & Ma gneti c Wav es电磁场与微波技术 El ectro magne tic F ields & Mi cro-W ave T echno logy电磁场中的数值方法 Nume rical Meth ods i n Ele ctrom agnet ic Fi elds电磁场中的数值计算 Nume rical Calc ulati on in Elec troma gneti c Fie lds 电磁学E lectr omagn etics电动力学 Ele ctrod ynami cs电镀 Pla ting电分析化学 Ele ctro-Analy tical Chem istry电工测试技术基础 Test ing T echno logyof El ectri cal E ngine ering电工产品学 El ectro techn icalProdu cts 电工电子技术基础E lectr icalTechn ology & El ectri cal E ngine ering电工电子学 El ectro nicsin El ectri cal E ngine ering电工基础 Fun damen tal T heory of E lectr icalEngin eerin g电工基础理论Funda menta l The ory o f Ele ctric al En ginee ring电工基础实验 Ba sic E xperi mentin El ectri cal E ngine ering电工技术 Ele ctrot echni cs电工技术基础 Fund ament als o f Ele ctrot echni cs电工实习E lectr icalEngin eerin g Pra ctice电工实验技术基础 Expe rimen t Tec hnolo gy of Elec trica l Eng ineer ing 电工学E lectr icalEngin eerin g电工与电机控制 Elec trica l Eng ineer ing & Moto r Con trol电弧电接触 Ele ctric al Ar c Con tact电弧焊及电渣焊E lectr ic Ar c Wel ding& Ele ctros lag W eldin g电化学测试技术 Elec troch emica l Mea surem ent T echno logy电化学工程 Ele ctroc hemic al En ginee ring电化学工艺学 El ectro chemi cal T echno logy电机测试技术 Mo tor M easur ing T echno logy电机电磁场的分析与计算 An alysi s & C alcul ation of E lectr icalMotor &E lectr omagn eticField s电机电器与供电 Moto r Ele ments andPower Supp ly电机课程设计 Cour se Ex ercis e inElect ric E ngine电机绕组理论T heory of M otorWindi ng电机绕组理论及应用T heory & Ap plica tionof Mo tor W indin g电机设计 De signof El ectri cal M otor电机瞬变过程 El ectri cal M otorChang e Pro cesse s电机学 Ele ctric al Mo tor 电机学及控制电机E lectr icalMachi neryContr ol &Techn ology电机与拖动 El ectri cal M achin ery & Towa ge电机原理P rinci ple o f Ele ctric Engi ne电机原理与拖动 Pri ncipl es of Elec trica l Mac hiner y & T owage电机专题 Lec tures on E lectr ic En gine电接触与电弧 El ectri cal C ontac t & E lectr icalArc 电介质物理 Diel ectri c Phy sics电镜E lectr onicSpecu lum 电力电子电路 Pow er El ectro nic C ircui t电力电子电器Power Elec troni c Equ ipmen t电力电子器件Power Elec troni c Dev ices电力电子学 Pow er El ectro nics电力工程 Elec trica l Pow er En ginee ring电力生产技术 Te chnol ogy o f Ele ctric al Po wer G enera tion电力生产优化管理Optim al Ma nagem ent o f Ele ctric al Po wer G enera tion电力拖动基础 Fu ndame ntals forElect rical Towa ge电力拖动控制系统 El ectri cal T owage Cont rol S ystem s电力系统 Po wer S ystem s电力系统电源最优化规划Optim al Pl annin g ofPower Sour ce in a Po wer S ystem 电力系统短路 Pow er Sy stemShort cuts电力系统分析 Po wer S ystem Anal ysis电力系统规划 Po wer S ystem Plan ning电力系统过电压H yper-Volta ge of Powe r Sys tems电力系统继电保护原理 Pow er Sy stemRelay Prot ectio n电力系统经济分析 Eco nomic al An alysi s ofPower Syst ems 电力系统经济运行E conom icalOpera tionof Po wer S ystem s电力系统可靠性 Powe r Sys tem R eliab ility电力系统可靠性分析 Pow er Sy stemRelia bilit y Ana lysis电力系统无功补偿及应用N on-Wo rk Co mpens ation in P owerSyste ms &Appli cati电力系统谐波 Harm oniou s Wav es in Powe r Sys tems电力系统优化技术Optim al Te chnol ogy o f Pow er Sy stems电力系统优化设计 Opti mal D esign ing o f Pow er Sy stems电力系统远动O perat ion o f Ele ctric Syst ems 电力系统远动技术O perat ion T echni que o f Ele ctric Syst ems 电力系统运行 Ope ratio n ofElect ric S ystem s电力系统自动化 Auto matio n ofElect ric S ystem s电力系统自动装置 Pow er Sy stemAutom ation Equi pment电路测试技术C ircui t Mea surem ent T echno logy电路测试技术基础Funda menta ls of Circ uit M easur ement Tech nolog y电路测试技术及实验 Ci rcuit Meas ureme nt Te chnol ogy & Expe rimen ts电路分析基础 Basi s ofCircu it An alysi s电路分析基础实验 Bas ic Ex perim ent o n Cir cuitAnaly sis 电路分析实验 Exp erime nt on Circ uit A nalys is电路和电子技术 Cir cuitand E lectr onicTechn ique电路理论 Theo ry of Circ uit 电路理论基础 Fun damen tal T heory of C ircui t电路理论实验Exper iment s inTheor y ofCircu ct电路设计与测试技术C ircui t Des ignin g & M easur ement Tech nolog y电器学 Ele ctric al Ap plian ces 电器与控制 Elec trica l App lianc es &Contr ol电气控制技术 Elec trica l Con trolTechn ology电视接收技术T elevi sionRecep tionTechn ology电视节目 Tel evisi on Po rgram s电视节目制作Telev ision Porg ram D esign ing 电视新技术 NewTelev ision Tech nolog y电视原理 Pr incip les o f Tel evisi on电网调度自动化 Aut omati on of Elec tricNetwo rk Ma nagem ent 电影艺术Art o f Fil m Mak ing 电站微机检测控制C omput erize d Mea surem ent & Cont rol o f Pow er St atio电子材料与元件测试技术 Me asuri ng Te chnol ogy o f Ele ctron ic Ma teria l andEle ment电子材料元件 El ectro nic M ateri al an d Ele ment电子材料元件测量Elect ronic Mate rialand E lemen t Mea surem ent 电子测量与实验技术Techn ology of E lectr onicMeasu remen t & E xperi ment电子测试 Elec troni c Tes ting电子测试技术 El ectro nic T estin g Tec hnolo gy电子测试技术与实验E lectr onicTesti ng Te chnol ogy & Expe rimen t电子机械运动控制技术T echno logyof El ectro nic M echan ic Mo vemen t Con trol电子技术T echno logyof El ectro nics电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用A pplic ation of E lectr onicTechn ology in E rosio nMeas ureme nt电子技术基础 Basi c Ele ctron ic Te chnol ogy 电子技术基础与实验Basic Elec troni c Tec hnolo gy &Exper iment电子技术课程设计 Cour se Ex ercis e inElect ronic Tech nolog y电子技术实验Exper iment in E lectr onicTechn ology电子理论实验E xperi mentin El ectro nic T heory电子显微分析E lectr onicMicro-Anal ysis电子显微镜 Ele ctron ic Mi crosc ope 电子线路Elect ronic Circ uit 电子线路设计与测试技术 Ele ctron ic Ci rcuit Desi gn &Measu remen t Tec hnolo gy 电子线路实验E xperi mentin El ectro nic C ircui t电子照相技术Elect ronic Phot ograp hingTechn ology雕塑艺术欣赏A pprec iatio n ofSculp tural Art调节装置 Regu latio n Equ ipmen t动态规划 Dy namic Prog rammi ng动态无损检测 Dyna mic N on-De struc tionMeasu remen t动态信号分析与仪器 Dy namic Sign al An alysi s & A ppara tus 锻压工艺Forgi ng Te chnol ogy 锻压机械液压传动H ydrau lic T ransm issio n inForgi ng Ma chine ry锻压加热设备 Forg ing H eatin g Equ ipmen t锻压设备专题Lectu res o n For gingPress Equi pment s锻压系统动力学 Dyna micsof Fo rging Syst em锻造工艺F orgin g Tec hnolo gy断裂力学F ractu re Me chani cs对外贸易概论 Intr oduct ion t o Int ernat ional Trad e多层网络方法Multi-Laye r Net workTechn ology多目标优化方法Multi purpo se Op timal Meth od多项距阵M ulti-Nomin al Ma trix多元统计分析 Mu lti-V ariat e Sta tisti cal A nalys is发电厂 Po wer P lant发电厂电气部分E lectr ic El ement s ofPower Plan ts法律基础F undam ental s ofLaw 法学概论An In trodu ction to S cienc e ofLaw 法学基础Funda menta ls of Scie nce o f Law翻译Trans latio n翻译理论与技巧 Theo ry &Skill s ofTrans latio n泛函分析 Fu nctio nal A nalys is房屋建筑学Archi tectu ral D esign & Co nstru ction非电量测量 No n-Ele ctric ity M easur ement非金属材料 No n-Met al Ma teria ls非线性采样系统 Non-Line ar Sa mplin g Sys tem 非线性光学 Non-Linea r Opt ics 非线性规划 Non-Linea r Pro gramm ing 非线性振荡 Non-Linea r Ocs illat ion 非线性振动 Non-Linea r Vib ratio n沸腾燃烧 Bo iling Comb ustio n分析化学 An alyti cal C hemis try 分析化学实验 Ana lytic al Ch emist ry Ex perim ent 分析力学Analy tical Mech anics风机调节 Fan Regu latio n风机调节.使用.运转R egula tion,Appli catio n & O perat ion o f Fan s风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-V ariat e Mov ement Theo ry &Desig n ofFans风能利用 Wind Powe r Uti lizat ion 腐蚀电化学实验 Ex perim ent i n Ero siveElect roche mistr y复变函数 Co mplex Vari ables Func tions复变函数与积分变换 Fun ction s ofCompl ex Va riabl es &Integ ral Trans forma tion复合材料力学 Co mpoun d Mat erial Mech anics傅里叶光学 Fo urier Opti cs概率论 Pr obabi lityTheor y概率论与数理统计 Pro babil ity T heory & Ma thema tical Stat istic s概率论与随机过程 Pro babil ity T heory & St ochas tic P roces s钢笔画 Pen Draw ing 钢的热处理 Heat-Trea tment of S teel钢结构Steel Stru cture钢筋混凝土 Re infor ced C oncre te钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Reinf orced Conc rete& Bri ck St ructu re钢砼结构R einfo rcedConcr ete S truct ure 高层建筑基础设计D esign ing b asesof Hi gh Ri singBuild ings高层建筑结构设计Desig ningStruc tures of H igh R ising Buil dings高等材料力学A dvanc ed Ma teria l Mec hanic s高等代数 Ad vance d Alg ebra高等教育管理 Hi gherEduca tionManag ement。
2018年关于图像的英文翻译-精选word文档 (2页)
2018年关于图像的英文翻译-精选word文档
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！
== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==
关于图像的英文翻译
图像的英文：
image
picture
graphic
参考例句：
Image scanner
图像扫描仪Picture processing
图像处理Animated graphics
活动图像Contiguous graphics
连通图像vision transmitter
图像发射机 vision amplifier
图像放大器 veiled sounds; the image is veiled or foggy.
模糊的声音；图像模糊、朦胧。
The computer programmer morphed the image.
计算机程序设计器使图像变形了。
No one was able to make head or tail of the figures.
这些图像谁也看不明白。
It is the microcosmic image of the macrocosm of the entire planet.
它是整个行星宏观世界的微观图像。
image是什么意思：。
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译
重金属污染存在于很多工业的废水中，如电镀，采矿，和制革。
2.实验
2.1化学药剂
本实验所使用的药剂均为分析纯，如无特别说明均购买自日本片山化工。铅离子储备液通过溶解Pb(NO3)2配制，使用时稀释到需要的浓度。HEPES缓冲液购买自Sigma–Aldrich。5 mol/L的HCl和NaOH用来调整pH。
附5
华南理工大学
本科毕业设计（论文）翻译
班级2011环境工程一班
姓名陈光耀
学号201130720022
指导教师韦朝海
填表日期
中文译名
（1）巯基改性纤维素对葡萄糖溶液中铅的吸附（2）黄原酸化橘子皮应用于吸附水中的铅离子
外文原文名
（1）Adsorption of Pb(II) from glucose solution on thiol-functionalized cellulosic biomass
2.5分析方法
铅离子的浓度用分光光度计在616 nm波长处用铅与偶氮氯膦-III络合物进行分析。葡萄糖含量采用苯酚—硫酸分光光度法测定。所有的实验均进行三次，已经考虑好误差。
3.结果和讨论
3.1FTIR分析和改性脱脂棉对铅（II）的吸附机制
图1是脱脂棉、改性脱脂棉在400-4000 cm-1(A)和2540-2560 cm-1(B)范围内的红外光谱图。可以看出，改性后改性脱脂棉的红外光谱图中在1735.71 cm-1处出现了一个新的吸收峰是酯基C=O的拉伸振动峰，可见改性脱脂棉中已经成功引入巯基官能团。同时，在2550.52 cm-1出现的一个新吸收峰代表的是S-H官能团的弱吸收峰，更深一层的证明了巯基已经嫁接到脱脂棉上。图1(b)是2540-2560 cm-1光谱范围的一个放大图像，可以清楚的观察到S-H官能团的弱吸收峰。进一步证明了酯化改性脱脂棉引入巯基是成功的。而从吸附后的曲线可以看到，2550.52cm-1处S-H的吸收峰消失，证明了硫原子和Pb(II)络合物的形成，同时1735.71cm-1处C=O的吸收峰强度看起来有轻微的减弱可能也是和Pb(II)的络合吸附有关。
Digital-Signal-Processing数字信号处理大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：数字信号处理文献、资料英文题目：Digital Signal Processing 文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14数字信号处理一、导论数字信号处理（DSP）是由一系列的数字或符号来表示这些信号的处理的过程的。
数字信号处理与模拟信号处理属于信号处理领域。
DSP包括子域的音频和语音信号处理，雷达和声纳信号处理，传感器阵列处理，谱估计，统计信号处理，数字图像处理，通信信号处理，生物医学信号处理，地震数据处理等。
由于DSP的目标通常是对连续的真实世界的模拟信号进行测量或滤波，第一步通常是通过使用一个模拟到数字的转换器将信号从模拟信号转化到数字信号。
通常，所需的输出信号却是一个模拟输出信号，因此这就需要一个数字到模拟的转换器。
即使这个过程比模拟处理更复杂的和而且具有离散值，由于数字信号处理的错误检测和校正不易受噪声影响，它的稳定性使得它优于许多模拟信号处理的应用（虽然不是全部）。
DSP算法一直是运行在标准的计算机，被称为数字信号处理器（DSP）的专用处理器或在专用硬件如特殊应用集成电路（ASIC）。
目前有用于数字信号处理的附加技术包括更强大的通用微处理器，现场可编程门阵列（FPGA），数字信号控制器（大多为工业应用，如电机控制）和流处理器和其他相关技术。
在数字信号处理过程中，工程师通常研究数字信号的以下领域：时间域（一维信号），空间域（多维信号），频率域，域和小波域的自相关。
他们选择在哪个领域过程中的一个信号，做一个明智的猜测（或通过尝试不同的可能性）作为该域的最佳代表的信号的本质特征。
从测量装置对样品序列产生一个时间或空间域表示，而离散傅立叶变换产生的频谱的频率域信息。
自相关的定义是互相关的信号本身在不同时间间隔的时间或空间的相关情况。
二、信号采样随着计算机的应用越来越多地使用，数字信号处理的需要也增加了。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
本科毕业设计外文翻译专业名称测控技术与仪器学生学号2010302302学生姓名汪杰指导教师何鹏举完成时间2014年4月本科毕业设计英文翻译指导教师评阅意见学生姓名：汪杰班级：090510卓越得分：请指导教师用红笔在译文中直接进行批改，并就以下几方面填写评阅意见，给出综合得分（满分按100分计）。
1、专业术语、词汇翻译的准确性；2、翻译材料是否与原文的内容一致；3、翻译材料字数是否符合要求；4、语句是否通顺，是否符合中文表达习惯。
中文译文：一个自定义图像处理系统的高级设计工具摘要——实时图像处理是一种应用在各种工程领域的计算密集型任务。
在一些图像处理应用中，庞大的计算能力致力于图像增强操作、基本分割和进一步分析感兴趣的区域的识别。
这种类型的前端过程可以被自定义数据流处理器紧密耦合到一个图像传感器来有效地完成。
本文提出一种视觉设计环境，它支持自定义数据流处理器的实时图像分析应用程序的高级设计。
该工具嵌入在Matlab/Simulink，系统建模是通过使用一个可以实现共同的低级图像处理操作的大型库。
功能验证是在逐帧基础上，被Simulink的模拟工具模型有效的执行，使用Matlab提供的功能——图像处理工具箱。
可合成的RTL(Real Time Logistics 实时物流)模型的自动生成保证了系统的逻辑实现，在用户和目标可重构设计强加的约束下，系统符合高级模型验证。
1.简介一些工程领域需要实时图像处理系统，例如工业视觉检查系统。
遵守实时要求的紧时间的必要条件是强大的计算能力，在一些情况下，不能通过传统的、低成本的处理器来完成。
这特别适用于嵌入式系统，这里并行处理各种流程很重要，物理空间的实时需求和限制以及能量消耗可以自定义计算系统，特别是设计和优化为每个任务。
图像处理领域，特别是在一组基础的低级的操作中，有趣的特点使它们成为被自定义设计处理系统执行的合适选择：小数据格式，很好的操作尺寸和并行的流水线处理因素。
目前的FPGA技术提供了非常复杂的组态设备能够实现逻辑电路，其复杂性相当于数以百万计的逻辑门。
除此之外，一些设备还包括内置乘法器、静态RAM块，甚至是微处理器，比如赛灵思公司的Virtex-IIPro和Virtex-4设备。
这类设备的潜在计算能力是巨大的，低成本是可能的，(相对来说)作为一个实现高效致力于处理系统的目标技术，快速重构使它们非常有吸引力。
到目前为止的工作表明，图像传感器与可重构设备结合的实时图像处理是开发针对特定的应用程序。
这种自定义处理系统设计，其平台不是高层视觉设计工具所支持的，而要求使用传统的、由FPGA开发工具支持的HDL-based设计流程。
现有的基于视觉数据流设计入口的设计，是科技支持而不是为这一领域的应用程序专门的设计(赛灵思公司系统发电机[5，3])，而另外一些人专门设计用于图像处理——运用闭合专有的设计环境[1，2]。
本文提出的这项工作，旨在为这类应用建立一个高级视觉设计框架，基于著名的建模系统和仿真工具套件Matlab/Simulink的应用。
这个系统允许数据流图像处理系统的规范和功能验证，使用一组基本的图像处理模块来构建一个Simulink模型。
通过每个进程的参数化模块，设计师通过仿真工具可以很容易地调整模型及核实其结果。
仿真过程通过Simulink工具实现，测试平台也可以通过Simulink标准库提供的验证库来增强。
抽象功能模型转换到一组合成的HDL模块，可以实现系统自动运行，也通过运行特定的应用程序或配置预先写好HDL模块。
这样可以确保实现数字电路功能的正确性，进而符合从功能仿真中获得的结果。
通常这种确认阶段必须在可能回避的RTL级完成，同时在设计迭代周期中保存一系列重要的时间。
除了第一节，剩下的章节做如下安排。
第二节介绍了仿真环境和图像处理模块库，它可以用来建立一个模型。
在第三节提出了一个应用的例子，显示仿真环境和在模拟中获得的结果。
第四节提出了一种生成处理架构的底层结构。
最后，第五节总结了本文展示的现状和正在进行的工作。
2.建模与仿真这里提出的设计框架是嵌入在我们熟知的建模和仿真工具Matlab/Simulink 中的。
Matlab是一种强大的工程工具，通过各个应用领域的工具库得到加强。
Matlab的图像处理工具箱提供了丰富的高水平图像处理组函数，包括：导入/导出到磁盘文件和可视化。
这些函数允许复杂图像处理程序应用的构建，例如Matlab程序，它在整个图像帧上操作。
虽然最近，Simulink仿真软件已经发布了规范支持，以及通过视频和图像处理模块库实现的图像处理应用程序的仿真[4]，这一模块库旨在将基于传统处理器和没有链接自定义硬件合成作为目标。
这里提出的设计环境确保了视觉图像处理系统的数据流模型的结构化，调用Matlab函数库来支持这一处理任务，再加上这个工具箱外的额外操作。
模型捕获整个系统的功能行为，在一个时刻处理一帧图像。
图像源被认为是某种形式的图像传感器(2D逐行扫描或线性阵列)，在一个时刻处理一个图像像素。
底层的数据结构保证了仿真系统在每个仿真步长去消耗和生产一个图像帧，如果相对于每一仿真步长一个像素的连续处理过程，可以极大地提高仿真速度。
正如在接下来的段落中阐述的，Simulink模块库开发(IP-Image Processing 图像处理)由四个部分组织在一起：数据流结尾、加工操作、接收器和其他参数。
数据流结尾包含模拟图像处理系统的输入输出接口的模块。
常见的图像源是图像传感器(2D顺序扫描或线性阵列)提供像素数据同步到像素时钟，连同行尾和框架端点的同步信号。
尽管在建模和仿真阶段这并不重要，因为一个完整的框架是一次生成的，这些细节对于链接数据流处理器的硬件基础设施是重要的。
目前，图像源模块发展到磁盘文件序列，它包含一个可将像素数据发送到处理系统的影片和选项卡，这过程根据用户定义的配置参数实现：图像尺寸和位置、深度和彩色图像格式(RGB或YUV)。
之后这一模块将由一个特定的使用实际图像传感器的接口模块来实现。
输出块表示一个输出处理过的图像数据的接口。
输出块映射到一个硬件模块，该模块生成适当的像素数据和视频监控监视的同步信号，或仅仅将总线接口和其他数字系统连接。
为验证目的，比起为了后续回放和分析而导出输出影片为AVI文件格式，这个库还要包括一个写入文本模块。
处理类别包括所有图像处理块，它们是用于构造一个图像处理系统的基本构建块。
每一块收到一个或多个输入图像并产生一个输出图像。
这些模块执行的操作被分为3类：单点操作、本地操作和全局操作。
尽管在模拟过程中，在每一个仿真步骤中，每个程序方块图消耗和产生了一个完整的图像帧，执行的操作类型将对操作模式产生强烈的冲击，对它的操作，相应硬件模块的复杂度和实际延迟是很重要的。
单点操作将输入操作数的像素转换为一个在相同的图像位置的输出像素，只需要信息中携带那个输入像素。
到目前为止，实现的操作是像素对像素的转换，该转换基于静态查找表或动态查找表(即过程中可以根据以前的帧分析来调整)来修改参照物、对比度，亮度或减少像素深度以及基本的算术运算(加、减和绝对差，结果饱和到输出图像的每像素色彩位数)。
实现这些程序方块图的硬件模块非常的简单，对其操作不需要任何本机控制。
作为执行在其周边的像素上的一系列计算的结果，本地操作产生一个输出像素。
执行的这个操作是形态学在侵蚀和扩张以及二维卷积之间的转换，允许一个用户定义的配置(例如窗口大小和滤波器的系数)。
因为这种类型的操作需要有访问一组周边的像素的权利来产生一个输出像素，它将被要求有一个本地存储器和一个专用的控制路径来缓存必备的图像像素。
正因为如此，实现这些操作的硬件模块将比之前的更加复杂，同时能实现添加一个基于操作类型的像素延迟，能够进行周边分析。
图1图像处理模块建模的一个边缘检测应用为了产生输出图像，全局操作需要有一个或多个完整图像帧。
目前，只有一个直方图均衡化是可应用的。
这个操作的硬件实现需要一个足以容纳一个完整帧的本地存储，这一模块就会在处理数据链路中添加一个帧延迟。
接收器包括两种类型的块，它们使用图像，在处理数据流时可以连接到任何点：在仿真时监控一个图像或图像的某些特征，以及完成图像分析，从图像序列中提取一些特征参数，再将它们传输到另一个处理块。
除了监控发现在模拟过程中的图像帧，在仿真总只有一个直方图可以用来分析。
为了执行结果可能是图像处理系统的原始输出的分析操作，库中还包含一些其他的操作。
例如动态侦测、动态评估和二进制大对象识别。
其他操作包括不归入之前给出的类的额外操作。
目前，一帧延迟和2-to-1图像多路复用器是可以实现的。
第一个是一个框架注册，在处理数据链路是引入一个完整的帧延。
分析由之前的图像帧得到结果的操作需要如此。
例如，一个动态探测分析模块，需要计算在一个静态的背景中，点亮移动对象的差当前帧与前一帧之间的差值。
这一模型的硬件实现需要足以容纳一个完整图像帧的大内存块。
2-to-1图像多路复用器允许在两个有相同的特色(规模和深度)的图像来源中选择，由分析模块得到的一个选择信号作为根据。
3.例子：一个边缘检测应用程序使用构建块的库和Simulink应用程序，设计者构建了一个数据流处理系统，使用任何其他Simulink模块库也是如此。
作为一个例子，考虑一个简单的边缘探测应用程序模型，如图1所示的系统。
源配置为一个8位的250x250像素的灰度图像。
对比度增强是通过一个静态查找表，使用一个预定义的传递函数。
然后，另一个静态查找表将输入图像转换为1位深度图像，使用完全0-1的阈值常量122。
如果实现了的二进制图像之间的绝对差计算，边缘检测可由二进制阈值的应用程序获得，同时图像来自形态学膨胀操作。
在仿真中为了核实交互的结果，4台监视器链接到某些模型的节点，最终的输出图像保存为AVI文件格式(块“输出”)。
图2显示了一组在仿真中获得的图像，是对于一个给定输入帧的影像。
本例中，仿真速度达到约2帧每秒，运行在一个3.2GHZ的奔腾4处理器。
注意，尽管这个应用程序很方便去模拟两个作为单独的查找表转换的基本操作(对比度增强和阈值)，硬件生成过程将这两个操作合并成一个单一的查找表，但只要中间结果不被后续处理所需要。
图2监视器中显示的图1所示模型的仿真过程图像。
4.数据流处理器体系结构Simulink建模是输入硬件合成阶段，它由图像处理仿真库中的可用处理模块创建。
这个接收作为输入的仿真软件模型文件，它包括设计师的配置参数，也为一个已知的目标平台创建了一组合成程序模块。
这过程是由两个不同的任务组成：第一，每个模型块的硬件模块的生成，召集一组产生其RTL代码的应用程序；在那之后，创建一个整合了以往和最后组装的处理器的顶层结构模型。
Simulink环境下绘制的数据流图模型只捕获了为系统设计的功能性操作，而没有精确表明网表的最后一个处理器。