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北京中考英语复习资料：2016中考英语定语从句知识点解析（后附习题）

定语从句一直被公认为是初中阶段易错而又常考的经典知识点之一，然而中考君相信努力万遍，其义自现！没有做不会弄不懂的题，只有不够努力的你！今天，就将相关定语从句的相关知识点汇总给大家，希望可以帮大家除惑解疑，另外小小习题附上！及时检测所学，也是对知识巩固的一种良好方法！

定语从句

1定语从句

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

2定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等。

关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

3定语从句中的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如：

Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如：The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.

【注】非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that。

４

关系代词的用法

1.that

既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）

The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which

用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）

The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom

用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（who 作主语）

Who is the teacher （whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（whom 作宾语）

【注】

（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：

This is the house in which we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English nove请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.

这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）关系词只能用that的情况：

①先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.

他是第一个通过考试的人。

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

②被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one 等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。

③先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

This is the same bike that I lost.

这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

【注】当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如：

Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.

王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。?

④先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如：

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

⑤以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：

Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

⑥主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（4）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

①先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：

What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如：

This is the room in which he lives.

这是他居住的房间。

③引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.

汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

５

关系副词的用法

1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.

这是他到达的时间。(when=at which)

2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is the place where he works.

这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which)

3.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which)

小测试

1.—Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？—Yes，he’s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D.who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that of which.

D. whom

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which；is

B. whom；was

C. who；is

D. who；was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

答案

1-5 BBCAC?6-10 ABCCD

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