标题英文翻译
英语新闻标题及其翻译
Outline1. Introduction2. Development of English News Title2.1 History of English News Title2.2 Functions of English News Title2.2.1 Pointing Out the News Content2.2.2 Producing Attractive Effects.2.3 Differences between Chinese and English News Titles2.3.1 V ocabulary Similarities and Differences2.3.2 Tense Similarities and Differences2.3.3 Rhetoric Similarities and Differences2.3.4 Punctuation Mark Similarities and Differences3. Translation of English News Titles3.1 Literal Translation3.2 Free Translation3.3 Addition3.4 Omission3.5 Negation Translation3.6 Alliteration3.7 Making Use of the Advantage Chinese in Translation4. Conclusion[Abstract] English news titles play a special role in news reporting. Thus we should place special emphasis on the research of the characteristics and translation of English news titles. This thesis focuses on the study of English news titles in terms of their grammatical features and its translation. When it comes to translation, it tries to reproduce the functions of English news titles which requires translators’ agility and ingenuity in applying semantic and rhetorical devices. With grammatical and semantic exploration into the English news titles, such studies strive to benefit the readers in their understanding of what the editor wants to convey.[Key words] English news title; function; comparison; translations methods英语新闻标题及其翻译[摘要]标题在新闻报道中具有独特的地位。
青春励志英文文案带翻译
青春不仅仅是一种生理年龄，更是一种充满希望、雄心和无与伦比的活力的心态。这个时候，我们摆脱了成年人的重担，拥有自由去尝试、探索和发现真正的热情。当我们拥抱青春的力量时，可能性是无限的，因为它使我们能够梦想大、突破常规、挑战现状。
第二部分：鼓舞人心的例子
1. 马拉拉·优素福扎伊：
马拉拉·优素福扎伊是一位年轻的巴基斯坦活动家，她展示了青春的力量在带来积极变革方面的作用。尽管面临困难和生命危险，她为女孩教育而奋斗，并成为最年轻的诺贝尔奖得主。她坚定不移的决心和勇气为全球年轻人树立了榜样。
青春励志英文文案带翻译
标题：拥抱青春，迎接未来
简介：
青春是充满巨大潜力和成长的时光。这是我们拥有追求梦想、克服困难的能量和热情的一段旅程。这是我们推翻界限、冒险、追求伟大的时光。在本文中，我们将探讨发挥青春的力量以及它如何塑造我们的未来的重要性，同时提供鼓舞人心的例子和实用的建议，帮助您充分利用生命中这个转折时期的机会。
Section 2: Inspiring Examples
1. Malala Yousafzai:
Malala Yousafzai, a young Pakistani activist, exemplifies the power of youth in bringing about positive change. Despite facing adversity and risking her life, she fought for girls' education and became the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. Her unwavering determination and courage serve as an inspiration to young minds worldwide.
title翻译
title翻译title，英文单词，名词、动词、形容词，作名词时意为“冠军；标题；头衔；权利；字幕”，作动词时意为“加标题于；赋予头衔；把…称为”，作形容词时意为“冠军的；标题的；头衔的”。
title 英[ˈtaɪtl] 美[ˈtaɪtl] 详细释义如下：n. （书、诗歌、电影、戏剧或其他艺术作品的）名称，标题，题目; （书刊的）一种，一本; （人名前表示地位、职业、婚否等的）称号，头衔，称谓; 职位名称，职称; （竞赛、体育比赛的）冠军; （尤指土地或财产的）所有权，所有权凭证，房地契;v. （给书籍、乐曲等）加标题，定题目; 为…加上题目（或标题）;[例句]1.The title is right at the top of the page.标题就在页面的顶端。
2.The title "colonel" was an honorific. "上校"头衔是尊称。
3.It was a title bestowed upon him by the king.那是国王赐给他的头衔。
4.He won this year's title with a score of 9.687.他以9.687分赢得本年度的冠军。
第三人称单数：titles复数：titles现在分词：titling过去式：titled过去分词：titled短语搭配：title tag 标题标签; 页面标题; 页面题目; 题目标签title sequence 片头Page title 页面标题 ; 网页标题; 英文叫; 也就是professional title 职称; 专业职称; 专业头衔; 职业头衔Accounting Title 会计职称; 会计科目Site Title 网站标题; 网站名称; 站点名称; 站点题目title track 指与专辑同名的单; 躲避太阳的方法; 主打歌; 主打曲目English title 职称英语; 英文片名; 英文标题TITLE COMPANY 产权公司; 产权保险公司; 产权代书公司; 产权过户费用。
年度工作计划英文标题及翻译
年度工作计划英文标题及翻译IntroductionIn the dynamic business environment, it is essential to have a clear and concise annual work plan to guide the activities of an organization. This annual work plan outlines the key objectives, targets, and strategies for the successful implementation of various projects and initiatives in 2022.1. Strategic ObjectivesOur strategic objectives for 2022 are focused on improving operational efficiency, enhancing customer satisfaction, and achieving sustainable growth. These objectives align with the company's long-term vision and mission, and they will serve as guiding principles for all our activities throughout the year.2. Key Performance IndicatorsTo measure the effectiveness of our annual work plan, we have identified key performance indicators (KPIs) that will be regularly monitored and evaluated. These KPIs include financial performance, customer retention rates, employee satisfaction levels, and operational efficiency metrics.3. Operational PlanThe operational plan outlines the specific projects, initiatives, and activities that will be undertaken to achieve our strategic objectives. It includes a detailed timeline, responsibilities, and resource allocation for each initiative, ensuring that all activities are well-coordinated and aligned with the overall vision of the organization.4. Sales and Marketing StrategyOur sales and marketing strategy for 2022 aims to expand our customer base, increase market share, and strengthen our brand presence in the industry. This will be achieved through targeted marketing campaigns, strategic partnerships, and innovative product offerings that meet the evolving needs of our customers.5. Human Resources DevelopmentInvesting in the development and well-being of our employees is a key priority for 2022. This includes providing training and development opportunities, fostering a positive work culture, and implementing performance management systems to support the professional growth of our team members.6. Financial ManagementSound financial management is crucial for the sustainability and growth of our organization. Our financial plan for 2022 includes budgeting, forecasting, and risk management strategiesto ensure that we maintain a strong financial position and achieve our revenue and profit targets.7. Technology and InnovationEmbracing new technologies and fostering a culture of innovation are essential for staying ahead in today's competitive business landscape. Our technology and innovation plan for 2022 includes investments in new IT infrastructure, digital transformation initiatives, and continuous improvement processes to drive efficiency and productivity.8. Risk ManagementIdentifying and managing risks is a fundamental aspect of our annual work plan. We will conduct regular risk assessments, develop contingency plans, and implement robust risk management strategies to minimize potential threats and ensure business continuity.ConclusionThis annual work plan outlines our vision, objectives, and strategies for achieving success in 2022. It will serve as a roadmap for all our activities, guiding our efforts and ensuring that we stay focused on our long-term goals. Through effective implementation and continuous monitoring, we are confident that we will achieve our targets and make significant progress towards our vision for the future.。
第二章 标题翻译
Assignment 2
1. Cops under fire 2. American booksellers 3. On the road to Parliament 4. Lost survivors 5. Ten Ways to Get More Energy 6. Confronting New Challenges 7. What‟s New in the Computer World 8. Inside the Clinton White House 9. Help is at hand if illness strikes mid flight
1.4 有标点符号‘ ’ “:” “,” “━” 的标题
5. Living in Amsterdam—the best way to see a city 【译】生活在阿姆斯特丹——城市观光的最佳方式 6. Life Show, A story of plain, passion, dream 【译】人生——一个普通平凡的、充满激情和梦想 的故事 7. “The system failed her” 【译】她与这种制度格格不入 8. Is “Globalization” helping or hurting? 【译】全球化：幸或不幸？
2 Rhetorical features of English Headlines
2.1 Short and simple e.g. Alcohol and Death 酒精与死亡 e.g. 007 Movies in Retrospect 007 电影回顾 e.g. Nike, From Small Beginnings to World Giant 耐克，从无名小卒到世界巨人
1. Cops under fire 【译】警察遭枪击 2. American booksellers 【译】美国书店一瞥 3. On the road to Parliament 【译】通向议会的道路 4. Lost survivors 【译】失落的幸存者 5. Ten Ways to Get More Energy 【译】精力充沛十法
英文新闻标题的汉译方法
英文新闻标题的汉译方法英文新闻标题的汉译是新闻翻译的一个重要环节。
一个准确、生动、简洁、易懂的新闻标题，可以让读者一目了然，吸引读者的眼球，从而增强新闻的传播力和影响力。
下面介绍几种常见的英文新闻标题的汉译方法。
1. 字面翻译法字面翻译法就是按照原文的词序、语法、语义，尽可能精准地将英文新闻标题翻译成汉语。
这种方法比较保守，可靠性较高，但有时会造成语义不连贯的情况。
例如，一篇文章的标题为"The dog bites the man"，字面翻译成汉语就是"狗咬了那个人"。
这种翻译方法通常使用在新闻标题中的代词、动词、名词等单词。
2. 形象意译法形象意译法是指将英文新闻标题中难以直接翻译的词汇或短语，用形象、生动、易懂的汉语表达出来。
这种方法可以让读者更好地理解新闻标题的含义，增强标题的表现力和感染力。
例如，一篇文章的标题为"New York is a City That Never Sleeps"，可以形象意译为"纽约，一个不夜城"。
这种翻译方法通常使用在新闻标题中的口号、广告语、俚语等。
3. 转化方式法转化方式法是指将英文新闻标题中的一种表达方式，转化为汉语中相应的表达方式。
这种方法可以使汉语表达更符合习惯和逻辑，增强标题的可读性和可理解性。
例如，一篇文章的标题为"COVID-19 Pandemic Hits Hard in Europe"，可以转化为"欧洲遭受新冠疫情打击"。
这种翻译方法通常使用在新闻标题中的语法结构、动词时态、名词单复数等。
4. 摘要式翻译法摘要式翻译法是指将英文新闻标题的主要内容摘要提取出来，用简洁、概括的汉语表达。
这种方法可以使标题更加简明扼要，凸显新闻的核心内容和焦点。
例如，一篇文章的标题为"Amazon Revenue Jumps 44% in Q3"，可以摘要式翻译为"亚马逊第三季度收入增长44%"。
标题翻译（英文）
Translation Of News Headlines返回《尤妮斯特国际英语》 关闭窗口ID: 08679294 helen821010 发表于：2005-5-6 18:33:25Abstract: A news headline is the nuclear of a piece of news, which is an essential part of everyday life. This essay discusses the techniques in translation of headlines by analyzing the theory of translation, the features of both Chinese and English news headlines and a number of extracts from newspapers.Key word: translation; headline features;techniques1. IntroductionNewspaper is a necessary part of daily life and it is the window to the outer world. It is generally true that a piece of news is composed by a headline, news leads, news body, news background and conclusion. It is said that a good beginning is half battle. A good headline does the same to a piece of news. It has the following features: importance, nearness, prominence, interest, so the proper translation of news headlines is of much importance. This essay will discuss the techniques in headline translation of by illustrating the theory of translation ,the features of both Chinese and English headlines with the translation extracts from a number of pieces of news.2. The theory of translationWhat is translation? Translation is ‘the act of rendering a work of one language into another’ (Encyclopedia American,vol.27,1985:12) .According to an English professor called Fan Zhongying (1996:13),translation is a bridge connecting different languages in the process of human communication . Translation is the act of expressing the information of a source language in the target language. It will make target language readers understand the author’s idea and get similar feelings with source language readers. Professor Fan’s definition is more complete and more scientific. According to his definition, the author tries to define news translation: News translation is the is the act of expressing the news of a source language in a target language. It will make the target language readers get a similar aesthetic appreciation or inspiration with the source language readers. A newsheadline is an important component of a piece of news. It is a summary and center of a piece news and will help news readers select and understand the news.3. News headlines3.1The common features of Chinese and English news headlinesThere are many common features between Chinese and English news headlines:(1)Both Chinese and English news headlines are important components of news.They are the summary and central idea of the news information. Their common function is to help readers to select, read and understand the news.When readers read a piece of news, they will naturally look at the headline before deciding whether to go on reading. The news cycle calls such readers ‘headline readers’. As a result, the quality of a news headline has direct effect on the news spread . The editors and reporters pay much attention on the headline writing. So the translators should handle the translation of headlines carefully, and make a proper translation. Then it will help the readers select, read and understand the news well.(2)News reports should be objective and impartial. However, a large number of pieces of news have an obvious political tendency. The media editors usually take advantage of the headline design to integrate their political tendency tactfully in the summarization of the news content. They also declaim their editing policy and political orientation by the headline design, which will guide the public opinion and influence the readers .Look at the headlines below:Beijing Tells Anson: Back Tung. (SCMP)天主教监察组 立法议员逐个捉民建联书卖市民 累死特首 （《苹果日报》）公营电台攻政府 什么逻辑？市民意见耳旁风 什么态度？（《大公报》）The news headlines above have an obvious political tendency and indicate of political evaluation and orientation toward news figures and news events.There is a special newspaper in China called 《参考消息》,which was founded in 1957 and has been keeping high number of distribution for many years and never falls down .There two main reasons: governmental advocacy and encouragement, readers’ support and fondness. What this newspaper publishes are almost news reports of western countries. Why Chinese governmentgives more encouragement instead of interference? Use of Tactful headlines is one of the essential reasons:《参考消息》does publish western news reports sometimes even including criticism or attacks to China. However, through tactful processing, not only the political stand points and propoganda principles of Chinese government are clearly indicated but also the public need of international news is fulfiled. For example, when some American official expresses his opinion on supporting the independence of Taiwan, the translation of corresponding a news headlines is :美官员言论与陈水扁如出一辙声称“九二共识”并非“共识”The Chinese phrase “如出一辙” has a derogatory sense, so the use of this phrase has largely diminished the possible bad influence on the public .(3)In the news headline writing, the diction of both Chinese and English headlines is rather refined and has profound meaning. The news headlines are honed and polished by news editors , such asHu Vows To Continue Reform美昨开始空袭巴格达Koizumi War Apology Dominates Visit民主党故意刁难 董特首针锋相对3.2 The differences between Chinese and English news headlines.The differences between Chinese and English news headlines are obvious:3.2.1 Differences in diction.In the diction of news headlines, Chinese prefer verbs while English prefer nounsFor example,开放 搞活 改革 致富（Four verbs）Britain “Flogship” Detention Center Abandoned (Four nouns)3.2.2 Differences in tenseGrammatically, English headlines often use simple present tense, present progressive tense and simple future tense, while Chinese headlines often use present tense, progressive tense, future tense and past tense. In Chinese headlines, the present tense is often implicated by meaning, without obvious tense mark, and can substitute the past these just like that in English. In Chinese, the “adj.+noun” from is often used, while in English, the“noun+modifier” is often used. Both Chinese and English headlines have ellipses, the subject can be omitted in Chinese ,but can not in English. For example,北有煤海(simple present tense is implicated)总书记会见沂蒙山区老党员(present tense used to substitute past tense)中国正顺利的解决接班问题(progressive tense)明天必将更好(future tense)得了一个满分(past tense)十年后重访波恩(subject is omitted)3.2.3 Differences in figures of speechFrom the figure-of-speech point of view, English and Chinese vary greatly. Chinese headlines pay more attention on the flowery diction, antithesis and rhyme. While English seems to be more plain and simple and emphasizes the illustration of fact. There are only a limited number of figures of speech in English, such as anecdotes, metaphors, personifications, homophones, alliterations, repetitions, puns, transferred epithets, inverted structure and so on .While Chinese headlines have more figures of speech, parallelisms, overlaps, metonymies, aphorisms, inverted structures, antitheses, metaphors, puns, euphemisms, and so on. Here are a few examples:The figures of speech in English headlines:Jazzy in Jeans, Sassy in Sweater (alliteration): 穿上牛仔裤，活泼利索；套上毛线衣，潇洒俊俏To Arm or Not to Arm---That Is the Question (Anecdote, from Hamlet’s words: To be or not to be, that is the question): (英国警察)携带武器还是不携带武,器是个问题In Search of Quality in Quantity Homoponer: 数量中求质量The figures of speech in Chinese headlines:老牛明知夕阳短，不用扬鞭自奋蹄(idiom, metaphor, antithesis)宁流千滴汗，不坏一粒粮(antithesis)“金鸡”报喜，“百花”盛开(pun)3.2.4 Differences in punctuation.In Chinese headlines, such punctuation as commas, exclamation marks, dashes , quotation marks, ellipses, brackets, separation dots, question marks are often used. While punctuations such as commas, colons, dashes, question marks, slashes and quotation marks areseen in English headlines. Usually, colons, clashes are not used in Chinese headlines, while ellipses, separation dots and brackets can not be seen in English headline. A quotation mark used in English headlines as a symbol of question, while in Chinese headlines as an emphasis. Quotation marks used in Chinese headlines can be a symbol of citation or indicate of a exaggerated or opposite meaning. Here are some examples:假做真时……(ellipsis , not often used in English headlines)缓和，对话，希望朝鲜北南关系的进展（separation dot , not often used in English headlines）Tony Blair: We stand shoulder to shoulder with our American friends . ( colon, less used in Chinese headlines )Gay 9/11 Windows Left in the Lurch ( slash , not used in Chinese headlines )“神通广大”的侯示成为何如此嚣张？（Quotation mark, to show irony ）.4.The translation of headlinesThe prerequisite of headline translation is a good understanding of the corresponding news. The headline have a grammar style and language style of its own. Therefore, headlines should be translated according to headlinese to keep its original meaning and flavor. In the process of translation, a translator should take both the differences of the two languages and the idiomatic way of expression of the target language in to consideration .This essay will further talk about the translation of Chinese and English news headlines .4.1 Techniques in translating English headlines into ChineseConciseness is one of the common features of English and Chinese headlines. This feature can be kept by omitting some words or summarizing the news with classical Chinese in translation. English headlines are plain and simple, which should be taken into consideration in translation .The Chinese headlines often tell the name of the character and place ,the identity and nationality of the characters in the news events , while English headlines often neglect these details. Therefore, additional information should be added to the Chinese version in order to make the news understandable by Chinese readers. Here, the next part of the essay will discuss different ways of translating English headlines into Chinese.4.1.1ParaphraseWhen the English expression has a similar or same counterpart in Chinese, it is better to use paraphrase. In addition, the Chinese version should express the news information correctlyand keep the same headline style.For example,Baby Geniuses Save The World?! 神童拯救世界？！When It comes To Romance, Listen to Your Friends. 爱河泛舟，求救朋友4.1.2 ForeignizationIf the news information can not be expressed clearly or the author’s writing aim can not be achieved by paraphrase, foreignization is preferred.By Their Colours You Should Know Them. 欧洲色彩时尚 (foreignization , stated the main idea of the news)Some kids Are Orchids. 血案的反思 (foreignization , indicate the author’s opinion)Believing The Believers. 人类的信仰 (foreignization, make it more idiomatic)4.1.3 Adding new wordsIn Chinese headlines, the name, identity, nationality of the main characters in the event are always can be seen. Some information should be added to the Chinese version in order to make it more idiomatic.For example,Mauritius –Life’s a Beach. 毛里求斯—生活是阳光沙滩(Adding a new word” 阳光” according to the news will help readers understand the news better)The language Barrier 产品跨国销售中的语言障碍 (The words added show the background information)China Demands For Bombing Probe And Apology 中国要求北约向轰炸中国驻南使馆事件进行全面调查和道歉(The words added show the key background information of the news)Tyson’s Trade Treatment 美国女经济学家泰森的贸易对策(The words added tell the nationality , gender , identity of the character)4.1.4 Leaving some words outThere are two purposes in leaving out some words in the translation: in order to make the target language more concise , such words as pronouns , link words can be left out ; in order to make the important information more catching , the less important information can be omitted. For example ,The Battle Of Human Versus Computers at Chess. 人机象棋大战Through a window : Thirty years with the chimpanzees . 透过心智之窗My husband is a man in a woman’s world . 泡在女人堆里的男人4.1.5 Changing sentence structuresIf a changed structure can better express the meaning and flavor of the source language , a charged structure is preferred . For example ,The Sins of the Children Are Visited on the Parents . 父母该为子女的错误负责吗？(Use interrogative sentence instead of declarative sentence)“Do You Wish To Proceed?”生死之间（Use declarative sentence instead of interrogative sentence ）River on Fire! 河着火了（Translate a noun phrase into a sentence ）Tranquility Is Shattered by Violence暴力打破了宁静(Use active voice instead of passive voice)4.1.6 Tactful PunctuationsA proper punctuation is so important that it can make the headline in target language more concise, clear, smooth and understandable. A properly used punctuation can also attract the readers’ attention. For example,Is “Globalization” Helping or Hurting ? 全球化：幸耶不幸？Pollution Is a Dirty Word 污染——一个肮脏的字眼4.1.7 The translation of the figure of speechA headline with a figure of speech is more expressive and vivid. Some figures of speech in English can find a counterpart in Chinese ,but some can not .As a result ,some other figures of speech or a paraphrase can be used on a basis of correct understanding of the news in the source language . For example ,Pilot’s Final Flight (Alliteration)特拉格纳的告别飞行（foreignization）Courage Know No Gender (Personification )勇气不分男女（foreignization）After the Boom, Everything is Gloom (rhyme)繁荣好景不再 ，萧条接踵而来（keep the rhyme figure of speech）4.1.8 Classical expressions and idiomsThe language of English headlines is simple and plain, it pays more attention to the description of the event . While the language of Chinese headlines is elegant and flowery.The antitheses, rhymes, idioms even classical expressions are often used in translation. For example,It Takes Determination To Complete One Of The World’s Tonghest Car Rollies. 只要意志坚 不怕征途远（Antithesis）Bush’s Flight Into the Sunset 桑榆暮景照归程（classical expression）Saving Time For A Rainy Day 储蓄劳务 ，未雨绸缪（idiom）4.2 Techniques in Translating Chinese headlines into EnglishEnglish headlines have different language styles and structures with Chinese ones. The main features of English headlines should be taken into consideration. In order to make the English version more idiomatic, some figures of speech in Chinese should be neglected and some sentences structure in Chinese should be changed.4.2.1 Change the Chinese structure “modifiers+noun phrase” into the English structure “noun phrase +modifiers”. For example,举世瞩目的中国农业Chinese Agriculture Attracting Worldwide Attention .走向世界的南京大学University Set To Go International4.2.2. Translating a sentence in Chinese into a phrase in English. For example,美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情US Told To Stop Its ‘Interfering’.青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖。
温柔的英文标题带翻译
The act of kindness can take many forms, from a simple smile to a grand gesture of generosity. It can be as effortless as holding the door open for ne, or as profound as volunteering to help those in need. Regardless of its magnitude, the effects of kindness are far-reaching and long-lasting.
基础翻译Presentation—英文电影标题的翻译
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Why 《人鬼情未了 》?
• Ghost is horrible and frightening, so If translated as “鬼魂”，many will be frightened and keep away from it.
"乱世" demonstrates the turbulent historical background and complement " 佳人", a slim and graceful southern belle.
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Ghost
《鬼魂》? 《人鬼情未了》
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Examples
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英文文章带标题翻译
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第一章表1.1 2015年全球镍资源储量分布Table1.1 Global nickel resource reserves and distribution of 2015表1.2 2008-2014年全球矿山镍产量统计（单位：万t）Table 1.2 Global mine nickel production statistics of 2008-2014表1.3中国主要镍矿资源分布及品位Table 1.3 Main nickel resource distribution and grade in China图1.1 硫化镍矿处理工艺流程图Fig 1.1 Process flowchart of nickel sulfide ore图1.2红土镍矿处理工艺流程图Fig 1.1 Process flowchart of nickel laterite ore第二章表2.1新疆某矿原矿化学成分Table 2.1 Chemical composition of raw ore from Xinjiang (mass fraction，%)图2.1新疆某矿XRD图Fig. 2.1 XRD pattern of raw ore from Xinjiang图2.2铜镍混合矿的SEM图及元素EDS图像：(a)原矿低倍数放大图；(b)原矿背散射图；(c)为(b)图中点扫描的EDS图；(b1)为图(b)铁的面扫描；(b2)为图(b)硫的面扫描；(b3)为图(b)镍的面扫描；(b4)图(b)铜的面扫描Fig. 2.2 SEM and elemental EDS mapping images of raw material: (a) Low magnification SEM image; (b) Back-scattering image; (c) EDS mapping images of Fig. (b); (b1) Iron image in Fig.(b); (b2) Sulphur image in Fig.(b); (b3) Nickel image in Fig.(b); (b4) Copper image in Fig.(b).图2.3原矿在不同气氛下的热重曲线Fig 2.3 TG-DTA curve of raw ore under different atmosphere图2.4不同温度焙烧熟料XRDFig 2.4 XRD pattern of clinker under different temperature表2.2化学试剂Table 2.2 Chemical reagents图2.3实验装置图Fig. 2.3 Diagram of experimental set-up表2-3 实验设备Table 2.3 Experimental equipment图2.4硫酸铵焙烧-浸出工艺流程图Fig 2.4 Process chart of ammonium sulfate roasting-leaching第三章图3.1硫酸铵差热分析曲线Fig 3.1 TG-DTA curve of ammonium sulfate图3.2焙烧熟料XRD图Fig. 3.2 XRD pattern of roasted clinker图3.3白色晶状物XRD图Fig. 3.3 XRD pattern of white crystallized substance（这个类比就行了）表3.1 反应3.4的标准吉布斯自由能计算(Fe7S8)Table 3.1 Standard gibbs free energy calculation of reaction 3.4图3.4反应3.4-3.9标准吉布斯自由能随温度变化Fig. 3.4 Standard jibs free energy changes of reaction 3.4-3.9图3.5硫酸铵与原矿混料的热重曲线Fig. 3.5 TG-DTA curve of ammonium and raw material mixture图3.6不同温度下焙烧熟料XRDFig. 3.6 XRD pattern of clinker under different temperature图3.5不同配料比的焙烧熟料XRDFig.3.5 XRD pattern of clinker with different ammonium sulfate dose第四章图4.1焙烧温度对各组元提取率的影响Fig. 4.1 Effect of temperature on components extraction rate图4.2硫酸铵加入量对各组元提取率的影响Fig. 4.2 Effect of ammonium sulfate dose on components extraction rate图4.3恒温时间对各组元提取率的影响Fig. 4.3 Effect of roasting time on components extraction rate表4.1因素水平表Table 4.1 Factor levels表4.2 正交实验结果与极差分析Table 4.2 Orthogonal experiment results and range analysis图4.4 混合镍矿与焙烧熟料SEM对比图Fig. 4.4 The respective image of mixed nickel ore and roasted clinker 图4.5 焙烧熟料的SEM 图及元素EDS 图像:(a)熟料低倍数放大图；(b)熟料高倍数放大图；(c)图(b)中点扫描谱图1的EDS图；(d)图(b)中点扫描谱图2的EDS图；(b1)图(b)硫的面扫描；(b2)图(b) 铁的面扫描；(b3)图(b)镍的面扫描；(b4)图(b)铜的面扫描Fig. 4.5 SEM and elemental EDS mapping images of clinker: (a) Low magnification SEM image;(b) Back-scattering image; (c) EDS mapping images 1 of Fig. (b); (d) EDS mapping images2 of Fig. (b); (b1) Sulphur image in Fig. (b); (b2) Iron image in Fig. (b); (b3) Nickel image in Fig.(b); (b4) Copper image in Fig. (b).图4.6浸出渣XRD图Fig. 4.6 XRD pattern of leaching slag第五章图5.1掺杂与未掺杂混料热重曲线对比Fig. 5.1 TG-DTA curve comparison of doping sodium sulfate and not图5.2掺杂焙烧熟料XRD谱图Fig. 5.2 XRD pattern of clinker with sodium sulfate doping图5.3掺杂焙烧浸出渣XRD谱图Fig. 5.3 XRD pattern of leaching slag with sodium sulfate doping图5.4硫酸钠掺杂硫酸铵焙烧-水浸工艺流程图Fig. 5.4 Process chart of ammonium sulfate roasting-leaching with sodium sulfate doping图5.5硫酸钠加入量对各组元提取率影响Fig. 5.5 Effect of sodium sulfate dose on components extraction rate图5.6温度对各组元提取率影响Fig. 5.6 Effect of temperature on components extraction rate图5.7焙烧时间对各组元提取率影响Fig. 5.7 Effect of roasting time on components extraction rate表5.1不同粒度元素含量Table 5.1 Element content under different particle size图5.8 原矿粒度对各组元提取率影响Fig. 5.8 Effect of particle size on elements extraction rate图5.9不同粒度下掺杂焙烧浸出渣XRDFig. 5.9 XRD pattern of leaching slag under doping with different particle size图5.10不同粒度下掺杂焙烧浸出渣XRDFig. 5.10 XRD pattern of leaching slag under doping with different particle size表5.2 因素水平表Table 5.2 Factor levels表5.3正交实验结果与极差分析Table 5.3 Orthogonal experiment results and range analysis图5.10 掺杂焙烧时铵矿比对各组元提取率影响Fig 5.10 Effect of ammonium sulfate to ore on elements extraction rate under doping图5.11 原矿(a)焙烧熟料(b)掺杂熟料(c)的SEM对比图Fig. 5.11 The respective image of raw ore(a) roasted clinker(b) and the one under doping(c)图5.13 掺杂焙烧熟料的SEM图及元素EDS 图像:(a)熟料低倍数放大图；(b)熟料高倍数放大图；(c)图(b)中点扫描谱图的EDS图；(b1)图(b)硫的面扫描；(b2)图(b) 铁的面扫描；(b3)图(b)镍的面扫描；(b4)图(b)铜的面扫描Fig. 5.13 SEM and elemental EDS mapping images of clinker: (a) Low magnification SEM image;(b) High magnification SEM image; (c) EDS mapping images of Fig. (b); (b1) Iron image in Fig. (b); (b2) Sulphur image in Fig. (b); (b3) Copper image in Fig. (b); (b4) Nickel image in Fig.(b).。