非谓语动词讲解

英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing , done , to do , doing 。

当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）; having done （完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）不定式to do : 有to be done （被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式）动名词doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式）;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。

它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。

下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一、动词不定式先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。

1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2．His wish is to be a driver .3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .5．I have nothing to say .6．They went to see their aunt .7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。

8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1．“to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2．带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .（但是：He was seen to enter the classroom .）3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。

但是有时用of .It’s necessary for you to study hard .It’s foolish of him to do it .与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。

例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5．不定式的省略。

下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。

want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to liveHe is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no placeto live ( in ) .I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .There is no time to think ( about ) .2）主谓关系：She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主语不是I )7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1）原因He is lucky to get here on time .这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2) 目的He came to help me with my maths .3) 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out .The book is too hard for the boy to read .He is old enough to go to school .8 . 不定式作补足语I saw him play in the street just now .能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词Learning English is very difficult .学英语非常困难。

His job is driving a bus .他的工作是开车。

I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞。

I have got used to living in the country .我已经习惯了住农村。

Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。

注意以下几种结构：1．There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .= No one can tell what will happen .2．It’s no use talking with him .It’s no good spea king to them like that .3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事forget doing…忘记做了某事remembe r to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着做了某事mean to do …有意要做某事mean doing …意味着做了某事regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do …尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do …学着去做某事learn doing …学会做某事stop to do …停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …停止做某事go on to do …接着做（另外一件事）go on doing …继续做某事used to do …过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running前者是动名词，后者是现在分词又如：drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。