英语国际音标第二课时(20个元音音标)

2.长元音
单元音
/u:/是个后元音，是字母oo或ou在 单词中的发音。它是长元音。发音 Байду номын сангаас舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/高。 双唇收圆并突出。口形比/u/稍小。
2.长元音
单元音
/ә:/是个中元音，是字母组合er，ir， or和ur在单词中的发音。发音时舌 中部比发/ә/音时略高。双唇扁平。
2.长元音
双元音
/eә/是字母are，air，ear在单词中的读 音。其发音方法是从/e/音滑向/ә/音。发 间时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半 开。
双元音
/uә/是字母our，oor，ure在单词中 的读音。发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半 开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把 /u/音发足，然后滑向/ә/音。
大声朗读下面的词语，注意其中元音的变化。
单元音
/a:/是个后元音，是字母组合ar的 读音，也是字母a在ss，st，th等字 母前面的读音。/a:/是长元音。发 音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后
舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍 收圆。
单元音综合练习
1. He who is afraid to ask is ashamed of learning. 2. None are so empty as those who are full of themselves. 3. Among my most prized possessions are words that I have never spoken. 4. We love those who know the worst of us and don’t turn their faces away. 5. When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us.
音素和国际音标
1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。 2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。 3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅
音音 素28个。 4．什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。 5．什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音
协会规定的一套音标，用来 记录世界各主要语言的语音。 7. 开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shine b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello 8. 闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant 9.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
辅
音
3个鼻音
音
[m] [n] [η]
3个似拼音
[h] [r] [l]
2个半元音
[w] [j]
元音是发音时声带振动，气流经过 口腔和咽头不受阻碍而发出的声音。 英语元音共有20个，其中单元音12 个，双元音8个。元音是音节中最 核心的音素，因此，元音发得是否 到位，决定了发音的质量和效果。
1.短元音
单元音
/i/是个前元音，是字母i或y在重读 闭音中的读音。它是个短元音，故 发此音要短促而轻快。发音要领的 是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌 两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。
1.短元音
单元音
/e/是个前元音，是字母e或ea在单 词中的发音。它是个短元音。发音 时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。口 略开，口型自然放松。
双元音
/әu/是字母o，oa和oe在单词中的读 音。它由元音/ә/滑向后元音/u/，舌 位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。 注意将音发足。
双元音
/au/是字母ou和ow在单词中的读音。 /au/由/a/滑向/u/。舌位由低到高， 口形由大到小。注意将音发足。
双元音
/iә/是字母ear，ere，eer在单词中的读 音。其发音要领是从/i/音滑向/ә/音。前 面的/i/发得较清楚，后面的/ә/较弱。双 唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。
元
音
短元音 [Λ] [ә] [i] [ɔ] [u] [æ ] [e]
8个双元音
[ai] [ei] [ɔi] [iә ] [eә ] [uә ] [au] [әu]
清 辅 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [∫] [t∫] [tr] [θ] [ts]
10 音
对 浊 辅 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [3] [d3] [dr] [ð] [dz]
5)keep, kid, kept, cap, cake, cart, kite, care, cool, cold, coward, coin, call, cook, cock, curtain, cure.
朗读下面的短篇，注意其中双元音的发音以及不同双元音之间的区别。
This, Too, Shall Pass Away
Silly Billy and His Family
My friend Silly Billy has a big family. He keeps a very big house in a village by a river. And on the river he keeps a ship and in the ship he keeps a sheep. In his big, big house, my friend Silly Billy keeps a horse, a cook and a cock.
1.短元音
单元音
/ æ/是个前元音，是字母a在重读闭 音节中的发音。/æ/是短元音。发 音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高， 舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平 形。
1.短元音
单元音
/Λ/是个后元音，是字母o和u在单 词中的读音。/Λ/是短元音。发音 时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后 部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开 口度较大，与/æ/相似。
When some great sorrow, like a mighty river, flows through your life with peace-destroying power, and dearest things are swept from sight forever, say to your heart each trying hour: “This, too, shall pass away.” When ceaseless toil has hushed your song of gladness, and you have grown almost too tired to pray, let this truth banish from your heart its sadness, and ease the burdens of each trying day: “This, too, shall pass away.” When fortune smiles, the days are flitting by without a care, lest you should rest with only earthly treasure, let these few words their fullest import bear: “This, too, shall pass away.” When earnest labor brings you fame and glory, and all earth’s noblest ones upon you smile, remember that life’s longest, grandest story fills but a moment in earth’s little while: “This, too, shall pass away.”
双元音
英语中的双元音由两个元音组合而成，第一 个元音向第二个元音滑动，滑动过程中没有 任何停顿。第一个音长而响亮，第二个音短 而含糊。发音时没有任何摩擦。
双元音与单元音的不同之处在于：单元音在 发音时发音器官自始至终保持某一固定位置， 而双元音要完成从一个单元音到另一个单元 音的滑动。英语有8个双元音。
双元音
/ei/是字母a在重读开音节单词中的 读音。先发/e/音，然后滑向/i/音。 双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。
双元音
/ai/是字母i或y在单词中的发音。先 发/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住 下齿。发此音的关键是要把/a/音发 足，注意从开到合的滑动。
双元音
/ɔi/是字母oy和oi在单词中的发音。 发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到 合。发好这个音的关键是首先要把 后元音/ɔ/发足，然后滑向/i/音。
One winter, my friend, Silly Billy, went out for a walk. The cook took a knife and wanted to kill the cock. The cock ran for its life. It flew and sat on the horse. The horse was afraid, it ran out of the house. When it got to the river, it wanted to get on the ship. But it slipped. So down into the river went the horse, the ship and the sheep.
1)beat, bit, bet bait, bat, bite, barn, boot, boat, bought, bird, bout, boss, book, bear, beer, buyer.