伦敦London-资料
London
伦敦是英国的首都、第一大城市以及第一大港，也是欧洲最大的都会区之一兼四大世界级城市之一。
与美国纽约、法国巴黎和日本东京并列。
从1801年到20世纪初，作为世界性帝国——大英帝国的首都，伦敦因其在政治、经济、人文、娱乐、科技发明等领域上的卓越成就，而成为全世界最大的城市。
伦敦不仅仅是英国的政治中心，还是许多国际性组织总部的所在地。
由于伦敦是一个非常多元化的大都市，因此气其居民来自世界各地，具有多元化的种族、宗教和文化。
城市中使用的语言超过300种。
伦敦亦是世界闻名旅游胜地，拥有数量众多名胜景点与博物馆等。
方言：英语气候条件：温带海洋性气候面积：1577.3平方公里著名景点：白金汉宫、Palace of Westminster、Tower of London、特拉法加广场、大英博物馆、大本钟等建立：公元50年（罗马帝国）1801年，伦敦成为世界最大城市政府：总部：伦敦市政厅区域政府：大伦敦政府区域议会：伦敦议会市政府：伦敦市政府伦敦在14世纪到17世纪之间和欧洲大陆一样的受到瘟疫之侵害。
致命的黑死病大流行让伦敦的人口急剧减少，据估计，当时只有三分之二的人口存活。
1642年，英国议会党人与保皇党人之间的战争开始。
1643年，保皇党人试图攻占伦敦，双方的军队在圣保罗大教堂以西10公里处相遇。
议会党人的军队战斗力要强于对方，所以保皇党人的军队被击退。
1666年，伦敦发生了历史上最严重的一场大火——伦敦大火。
大约13200座房屋被大火所毁，其中还包括了圣保罗大教堂，大约80万人流离失所，无家可归。
国王命令海军帮助城市中露宿的灾民搭建帐篷。
为防止此类情况的再次发生，国王下令今后所有在伦敦建造的房屋一律使用石头和砖瓦为建筑材料，而不再使用木材。
1834年，国会大厦倍大火烧毁，后又重新兴建。
新建的国会大厦还包括一个大钟，就是我们现在所称的“大本钟“。
London is the capital of England, one of the first big cities and the first port, it is also one of Europe'slargest metropolitan area and one of the big four world-class city. And the United States in New York, Paris and Tokyo coordination. From 1801 to the beginning of the twentieth century, as a global empire-the capital of the British empire, for its London in political, economic, cultural, entertainment, science and technology, etc on the outstanding achievements, and become the world's largest city. London is not just British political center, or many of the headquarters of the international organization. Because London is a very diversified metropolis, therefore gas its residents from around the world, the diversity of the race, religion and culture. The language used in the city more than 300 kinds. London is also the world famous tourist resort, with numerous attractions and museum, etc.Tongues: EnglishWeather conditions: maritime climate temperate zone，so London downtown is often filled with damp fog.Area: 1577.3 square kilometersFamous scenic spot: the buckingham Palace, the Palace of Westminster, the Tower of London, TrafalgarSquare, the British museum, Big Ben, etcEstablish: A.D. 50 (Roman empire)In 1801, the London became the world's largest cityThe government:Headquarters: London town hallThe regional government: London's governmentRegional council: London assemblyThe city government: London city governmentLondon in the 14 th century to 17 th century and continental Europe between the same plague by the attacks. Deadly the black plague epidemic of sharp decrease of population make London, according to estimated that only two thirds of the population live.In 1642, the British parliament party loyalists and between the start of the war. In 1643, people trying to capture loyalists London, both sides of the troops in the west of st Paul's cathedral 10 km to meet. Congress party army fighting capacity than each other, so the army of the loyalists were beaten back.In London, the worst in history happened a fire, the London fire. About 13200 houses were destroyed by fire, including the st Paul's cathedral, about 800000 people were displaced from their homes and homeless. The king ordered the navy to help the victims of the camping out in the city set up shelters. To prevent this from happening again, the king ordered all future in London's building will be used for building materials of stone and brick and tile, and no longer using wood.In 1834, Houses of Parliament was destroyed. Since then, it took 12 years of time of the 21 st century to rebuild. The new parliament also includes a large clock, which is what we now call "Big Ben".。
伦敦
伦敦(London) 是英国的首都，是世界上最大的现代化国际城市之一，英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心，最大的海港和首要工业城市。
位于英格兰东南部，坐落在泰晤士河下游两岸。
伦敦的气候多雨雾，故有“雾都”之称。
伦敦市城外的12个市区，称内伦敦。
伦敦城加上内外伦敦，合称大伦敦市。
伦敦城面积1.6平方公里，大伦敦面积则达1580平方公里，人口800万。
伦敦始建于公元43年。
公元1世纪时，罗马军队渡海入侵，在这里驻军筑城，成为主要兵站。
11世纪时，伦敦成为商业和政治中心。
伦敦面积1.6平方公里，城内有罗马式城墙，是1800多年前罗马人征服伦敦的遗址。
伦敦城是英国的金融中心，也是世界上最大的金融中心之一。
以伦敦城为大本营的金融垄断资本，不仅控制着英国的经济命脉，对世界许多地方的经济有着举足轻重的影响。
伦敦的国内生产总值占了英国的五分之一，其超过40％的国内生产总值和30％以上的就业机会是以商业和金融服务为依托的。
伦敦第三产业极为突出，占就业人口的五分之四，第二产业只占五分之一。
伦敦还是英国最大的工业城市，机械制造、汽车、飞机、电子工业、石油化工和印刷等具有很高的水平，在国际上享有声誉。
英油、尤尼莱弗、帝国化工、英美烟草、通用电气、英国宇航等大公司的总部设在伦敦，运筹帷握，遥控远及世界各地的生产销售活动。
伦敦的交通很发达。
1863年，世界上第一条地铁建成通车，成为轰动全球的大新闻。
1890年，蒸汽机车为电气机车取代。
伦敦是英国的铁路中心，十几条铁路干线从这里伸向大不列颠岛上各主要城镇。
伦敦还是世界上最大的国际港口和航运市场，世界上所有的主要航运、造船和租船公司，都在这里设有代表机构。
伦敦的西郊有一座欧洲客运量最大的国际机场一一希思罗机场。
地铁网420公里，其中160公里的地下，共设车站270多个。
伦敦是重要港口。
主要港区转移到离塔桥25公里以外的蒂尔伯里港区，那里设有大型滚装船和集装箱码头。
更远的地方建有油码头，可停泊10万吨至20万吨级的大油轮。
伦敦市介绍(英国的首都)
伦敦市介绍（英国的首都）
3.经济发展：伦敦市是英国最重要的经济中心之一。这里拥有许多国内外公司的总部和分 支机构，涵盖金融、商业、科技等多个领域。伦敦证券交易所是英国最大的股票交易所之一 。
4.旅游资源：伦敦市是世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。著名的旅游景点包括大本钟、 伦敦塔桥、伦敦眼、白金汉宫等。此外，伦敦市还有许多博物馆、艺术画廊、剧院和音乐场 馆，如大英博物馆、国家艺术馆、西区剧院等。
5.文化多样性：伦敦市是一个多元文化的城市，融合了来自世界各地的富的美食和购物体验。伦敦市还举办各种文
伦敦市介绍（英国的首都）
伦敦市（London）是英国的首都和最大城市，位于英格兰东南部的泰晤士河畔。以下是 关于伦敦市的介绍：
1.历史文化：伦敦市拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化遗产。这里是一个有着2000多年历史 的城市，曾是罗马帝国的一部分。伦敦市保留了许多历史建筑和文物，如大本钟、伦敦塔桥 、白金汉宫等。这里还有世界著名的博物馆和艺术画廊，如大英博物馆、国家艺术馆等。
伦敦市介绍（英国的首都）
化活动和节日，如伦敦时装周、伦敦国际音乐节等。
总之，伦敦市作为英国的首都，拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化遗产。它的独特地理位置、 经济实力和丰富的旅游资源使其成为一个世界级的城市。伦敦市展示了英国的传统和现代化 发展，吸引了来自世界各地的游客。
英国首都-伦敦
伦敦的市内交通方便，地铁是市内主要交通工 具。1863年1月10日，世界上第一条地下铁路—— 伦敦地下铁道开始通车。至1991年，伦敦全市地铁 干线有9条，全长414公里。
伦敦地铁的技术和管理设备先进，所有调度和 信号系统均为自动控制。1897年，伦敦开始有公共 汽车服务，是世界上最早有公共汽车的城市之一。 至1991年，大伦敦市区共有公共汽车线路350多条， 总长度为2800公里，公共汽车6600多辆，且都是双 层公共汽车。
伦敦市政厅(City Hall)
政府机关
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
伦敦是全国的政治中心，是英 国王室、政府、议会以及各政党总 部的所在地。威斯敏斯特宫是英国 议会上、下两院的活动场所，故又 称为议会大厅。议会广场南边的威 斯敏斯特大教堂，1065年建成后一 直是英国国王或女王加冕及王室成 员举行婚礼的地方。内有20多个英 国国王、著名政治家、军事家以及 牛顿、达尔文、狄更斯、哈代等科 学家、文学家和艺术家的墓地。
伦敦塔桥
伦敦城东南角的塔山上，建有伦敦塔，该塔曾
用作军事要塞、王宫、监狱、档案室，现在是王冠 和武器的展览处，藏有维多利亚女王加冕时戴的镶 有3000颗宝石的王冠和伊丽莎白二世加冕时戴的 镶有重达109克拉大钻石“非洲之星”的王冠。
有关伦敦的资料
有关伦敦的资料
第一部分伦敦的简介
伦敦是英国的首都，也是英国的最大城市，以及英联邦国家的政治、经济和文化中心。
被称为全球最重要的城市之一，它位于河畔，距离英格兰的南边有35英里（56公里），有着近2000年的历史，拥有丰富的文化传统，被列入联合国教科文协会的世界文化遗产名录。
伦敦的经济实力与文化影响力都在不断增强，其中包括丰富的历史建筑、世界一流的博物馆、多元化的文化场景和优质的生活环境。
第二部分伦敦的地理位置
伦敦位于英格兰中部，在泰晤士河上，英格兰和威尔士之间，距离英格兰南部约35英里（56公里），是英国的首都和最大城市。
它
拥有大量的港口、桥梁、河流、湖泊和公园，以及世界上最大的旅游景点，包括伦敦眼、大本钟和英国国会大厦。
第三部分伦敦的人口
伦敦的人口约为9000万，是英国人口最多的城市。
其中，白人
占大多数，其余的是黑人、亚裔、拉美裔和其他少数族裔。
伦敦的居民是由来自各种社会背景和文化背景的人们组成的，从有钱人到穷人，从上流社会到下层社会，从学者到劳动者，从农民到艺术家，从移民到本地人。
第四部分伦敦的文化传统
伦敦是英国的历史文化中心，有着丰富的文化传统。
它拥有英国的大多数文化景点，包括著名的伦敦眼、大本钟和英国国会大厦，以
及着名的博物馆和美术馆，如大英博物馆、泰特美术馆和自然史博物馆。
此外，伦敦还有许多充满活力的街区，可以让游客体验当地特色文化，如查尔斯和克里斯小镇、立陶宛村、卡萨布兰卡，以及一些有着悠久历史的地方，如摩登伦敦，以及着名的商业街，如伦敦南岸的南海岸、伦敦西区的牛津街和伦敦东区的银行街。
伦敦介绍
Mall
伦敦城中伦敦韦斯特菲尔德购物中心和韦斯特菲尔德斯特拉特福德城将风靡全球的服饰品牌、家具和生活用品品牌， 各地美食餐厅及世界一流休闲娱乐设施汇汇集于一地。让您在安逸、美妙的时尚环境中，放松身心，轻松享受一站 式购物体验。
Thank you
Yeon 1403279082@
· 威斯敏斯特宫（Palace of Westminster）， 又称议会大厦（Houses of Parliament）是 英国议会（包括上议院和下议院）的所在地。 威斯敏斯特宫是哥特复兴式建筑的代表作之 一，1987年被列为世界文化遗产。
It was the best of time, it was the worst of time
·Tower Bridg•
· 伦敦地铁Tube 是世界上最早的，诞生于1870 年，20年之后改换为电力机车。百多年来，伦敦 地铁运送过的乘客如天上的繁星，数不胜数。以 如此悠久的历史为自豪，伦敦的地铁想必一定很 漂亮吧。您要这么想，亲眼见到之后就会小吃一 惊了。站台总显得灰暗，有些脏，与其说是地铁， 不如说更像地窖。车厢地板和 窗框多为木制板材 (最近也增添了一些漂亮的新型车)，令人意外。为 "时光"所磨炼的黑亮亮的木板，以及完全裸露在 外的电缆，也不能不说是传统的一种表现吧。.
伦敦眼，全称英国航空伦敦眼（The British Airways London Eye）又 称千禧之轮是世界上首座、也曾经是世界 最大的观景摩天轮。
喜迎新世纪而建，翘首眺望着这条河，慢
慢的旋转，看尽这个城市的繁华荣辱。
Landmark building
伊丽莎白塔（Elizabeth Tower)旧称大本钟(Big Ben)即威斯敏斯特宫钟塔，世界上著名的哥特式建筑之一，英 国国会会议厅附属的钟楼（Clock Tower）的大报时钟的昵称。是坐落在英国伦敦泰晤士河畔的一座钟楼，是 伦敦的标志性建筑之一。钟楼高95米，钟直径7米，重13.5吨。每15分钟响一次，敲响威斯敏斯特钟声。
伦敦
发展现状：
伦敦的发展在新的背景下将面临更多的挑战。
首先是持续增长的人口。到2016年人口预测约为796~814 万，2026年人口预测约为827~861万。但目前伦敦住房供 应明显不足，且居民的支付能力也不同，造成了住房分异， 也加剧了伦敦贫困和社会排外问题，使得为全伦敦人规划 的必要性越来越大。
历史进程：
伦敦成为英格兰之首都，是在罗马占领下的公元1世纪 末期。通往欧洲的船运之便，赋予伦敦重要之战略地位。
公元2世纪，伦敦人口就臻至约六万。罗马人撤离英格 兰之后，伦敦人口虽有下降，但重要贸易中心之地位仍 得Байду номын сангаас持。
在中世纪，虽然伦敦并非一直作为政治中心，但始终不 失重要城市之地位。
诺曼人106年占领英格兰后，伦敦的地位更加巩固，此后 的20年间人口自一万人迅速增至约10万人。但旋即因三 分之一的人口死于鼠疫，伦敦人口锐减，直至16世纪， 因航海技术的发展，使得全球性的冒险、贸易。兼并成 为可能之时，伦敦人口友发生爆炸性的增长，从约5万人 增加到22.5万。 在18到19世纪的工业革命时期，伦敦成为世界上最大的 城市，直到1939被炸弹将大部分城区夷为平地之前，伦 敦均持续了增长的势头。
第三阶段：1960年代初——1970年代末
经济上，规定各产业平衡发展、合理布局。 交通上，试图改变1944年大伦敦规划中同心圆封闭布局模 式，使城市沿着三条主要快速交通干线向外扩展并形成三 条走廊地带，以期在更大的区域范围内解决经济、人口的 合理布局问题。
因此，这一时期的分散政策主要体现在沿着交通线，并以 绿带为控制手段把新城设置在伦敦通勤范围外，即在伦敦 圈新城之外发展第二圈新城。
规划政策基本上都主张伦敦的分散化发展模式，将空间的扩 张约束在绿带之内，控制伦敦市区的自发性蔓延。
伦敦介绍
伦敦介绍1. 基本概况London, capital of Great Britain, SE England, on both sides of the ThamesRiver. Greater London (1991 pop. 6,378,600), c.620 sq mi (1,610 sq km), consists of the Corporation of the City of London (1991 pop. 4,000), usually called the City, plus 32 boroughs. The City is the old city of London and is the modern city's commercial center; it is also referred to as the “Square Mile” because of its area. The 12 inner boroughs that surround the City are Westminster, Camden, Islington, Hackney, Tower Hamlets, Greenwich, Lewisham, Southwark, Lambeth, Wandsworth, Hammersmith and Fulham, Kensington and Chelsea. The 20 outer boroughs are Waltham Forest, Redbridge, Havering, Barking and Dagenham, Newham, Bexley, Bromley, Croydon, Sutton, Merton, Kingston upon Thames, Richmond upon Thames, Hounslow, Hillingdon, Ealing, Brent, Harrow, Barnet, Haringey, and Enfield. Greater London includes the area of the former county of London, most of the former county of Middlesex, and areas that were formerly in Surrey, Kent, Essex, and Hertfordshire. Each of the boroughs of Greater London elects a council.The Greater London Council administered the larger London area until 1986, when it was abolished by the Thatcher government, making London unique as a world metropolis without a central governing unit. In 1999 the Greater London Authority Act reestablished a single local governing body for the Greater London area, consisting of an elected mayor and the London Assembly. Elections were held in 2000, and Ken Livingstone became London's first elected mayor.2.EconomyLondon is one of the world's foremost financial, commercial, industrial, and cultural centers. The Bank of England, Lloyd's, the stock exchange, and numerous other banks and investment companies have their headquarters there, primarily in the City, but increasingly at Canary Wharf. The financial services sector is a major source of overall employment in London.London still remains one of the world's greatest ports. It exports manufactured goods and imports petroleum, tea, wool, raw sugar, timber木材，木料, butter, metals, and meat. Consumer goods, clothing, precision精密的instruments, jewelry, and stationery are produced, but manufacturing has lost a number of jobs in the once-dominant textile, furniture, printing, and chemical-processing industries as firms have moved outside the area. Engineering and scientific research are also important to the economy, as is tourism. The city is a hub for road, rail, and air (its airports include Heathrow and Gatwick), and it is now linked to the Continent by a high-speed rail line under the English Channel.Points of InterestThe best-known streets of London are Fleet Street, the Strand, Piccadilly, Whitehall, Pall Mall, Downing Street, and Lombard Street. Bond and Regent streets and Covent Garden are noted for their shops. Buckingham Palace is the royal family's London residence. Municipal市政的，自治区的parks include Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park (which houses the London Zoo), and St. James's and Green parks. Museums include the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery, the Wallace Collection, the Institute of Contemporary Art, and the Saachi Gallery. London also has numerous commercial art galleries and plays a major role in the international art market.The British Library, one of the world's great reference resources, is located in London. The city is rich in other artistic and cultural activities. Its approximately 100 theater companies reflect the importance of drama, and it has several world-class orchestras, a well-known opera house, performance halls, and clubs. A working replica复制品of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre opened in 1997. The Univ. of London is the largest in Great Britain, and there are other universities and colleges in the city. The state-owned BBC (British Broadcasting Company) is headquartered in London, and most of the country's national newspapers are published there. The New Scotland Yard, synonymous with criminal investigation, is located in the city. Sporting events draw large support fromLondoners who follow cricket, soccer (at Wimbley Stadium), and tennis (including the Wimbledon championship).3. HistoryLittle is known of London prior to A.D. 61, when, according to the Roman historian Tacitus塔西佗（古罗官员和历史学家）, the followers of Queen Boadicea rebelled and slaughtered the inhabitants of the Roman fort Londinium. Roman authority was soon restored, and the first city walls were built, remnants 残余of which still exist. After the final withdrawal of the Roman legions in the 5th cent., London was lost in obscurity. Celts, Saxons, and Danes contested the general area, and it was not until 886 that London again emerged as an important town under the firm control of King Alfred, who rebuilt the defenses against the Danes and gave the city a government.London put up some resistance to William I in 1066, but he subsequently treated the city well. During his reign the White Tower, the nucleus 核心，中心of the Tower of London, was built just east of the city wall. Under the Normans and Plantagenets (see Great Britain), the city grew commercially and politically and during the reign of Richard I (1189–99) obtained a form of municipal government from which the modern City Corporation developed. In 1215, King John granted the city the right to elect a mayor annually.The guilds公会，协会of the Middle Ages gained control of civic公民的affairs and grew sufficiently strong to restrict trade to freemen of the city. The guilds survive today in 80 livery 肝的companies, of which members were once the voters in London's municipal elections. Medieval London saw the foundation of the Inns of Court and the construction of Westminster Abbey. By the 14th cent. London had become the political capital of England. It played no active role in the Wars of the Roses (15th cent.).The reign of Elizabeth I brought London to a level of great wealth, power, and influence as the undisputed 无可置辨的center of England's Renaissance culture. This was the time of Shakespeare (and the Globe Theatre) and the beginnings of overseas trading companies such as the Muscovy Company. With the advent (1603) of the Stuarts to the throne, the city became involved in struggles with the crown on behalf of its democratic privileges, culminating in the English civil war.In 1665, the great plague took some 75,000 lives. A great fire in Sept., 1666, lasted five days and virtually destroyed the city. Sir Christopher Wren played a large role in rebuilding the city. He designed more than 51 churches, notably the rebuilt St. Paul's Cathedral. Other notable churches include the gothic哥特式的Southwark Cathedral, St. Paul's Church (1633; designed by Inigo Jones), St. Martin-in-the-Fields (18th cent.), and Westminster Cathedral. Much of the business of London as well as literary and political discussion was transacted in coffeehouses, forerunners of the modern club. Until 1750, when Westminster Bridge was opened, London Bridge, first built in the 10th cent., was the only bridge to span the Thames. Since the 18th cent., several other bridges have been constructed; the Tower Bridge was completed in 1894.In the 19th cent., London began a period of extraordinary growth. The area ofpresent-day Greater London had about 1.1 million people in 1801; by 1851, the population had increased to 2.7 million, and by 1901 to 6.6 million. During the Victorian era, London acquired tremendous prestige as the capital of the British Empire and as a cultural and intellectual center. Britain's free political institutions and intellectual atmosphere made London a haven for persons unsafe in their own countries. The Italian Giuseppe Mazzini, the Russian Aleksandr Herzen, and the German Karl Marx were among many politically controversial figures who lived for long periods in London.Many buildings of central London were destroyed or damaged in air raids during World War II. These include the Guildhall (scene of the lord mayor's banquets宴会（BOUQUET 花束）and other public functions); No. 10 Downing Street, the prime minister's residence; the Inns of Court; Westminster Hall and the Houses of Parliament; St. George's Cathedral; and many of the great halls of the ancient livery companies. Today there are numerous blocks of new office buildings and districts of apartment dwellings constructed bygovernment authorities. The growth of London in the 20th cent. has been extensively planned. One notable feature has been the concept of a “Green Belt” to save certain areas from intensive urban development. In 1982, a tax-free zone in the Docklands in the East End's Tower Hamlets borough was created to stimulate development. Although the Canary Wharf financial center (with Lloyd's futuristic building, opened in 1986) was initially slow to fill, it now rivals the City.London has an ethnically and culturally diverse population, with large groups of immigrants from Commonwealth nations. South Asian, West Indian, African, and Middle Eastern peoples account for much of the immigrant population. The city is the site of one of the largest Hindu temple complexes 混合体and the largest Sikh temple outside India; there also are many mosques清真寺, including one of the largest in Europe. With the reestablishment of the city's central government (2000), London built its egg-shaped City Hall (2002), on the south bank of the Thames opposite the Tower of London. The city was the site of the 1908 and 1948 summer Olympic games and will be the site of the 2012 summer games.伦敦，首都大不列颠，东南英格兰，双方的泰晤士河。