英语语法_并列结构

并列结构的定义
两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做“并列结构” (Coordinate Construction), 或者“平行结构”(Parallel Construction)。

1.并列结构的各种形式
１）词与词的并列you and me buy and sell
２）词组与词组的并列 a teacher and a student
walking down the street or running through an alley ３）分句与分句的并列you can go or you can stay with us.
The children can go with us or they can stay at home.
Compound Sentence 并列句/复合句
2. 并列结构的连接手段
１）并列连词
２）标点符号
３）并列结构的插入语
在最后一个项目之前插入一个词语，使这个项目处于更加突出的地位。

４）并列结构的对称组合
成对组合的办法使整个结构更加紧凑。

并列结构
一、表示平行、递进关系的连词1.A and B:A和B
And连接两个并列成分。

and也常位于句首，使上下文联系更紧密。

The fabric is light and strong.
I like reading and fishing in my spare time.This model of the computer is powerf ul,and the price is competitive.
It was a severe winter.And we had not enough food for ourselves.
2.both A and B:A和B都这一结构是and的强化形式，连接的两个成分必须在结构上等同。

不能连接句子。

The new tax policy benefits both workers and farmers.
Bothe she and I are interested in English literature.
3.not only…but(also)…不仅……而且……not only…but…as well不仅……而且……也
as well as和…and…as well和
*not only…but(also)…结构侧重在后者，而as well as侧重在前者。

Not only George but also his wife did a lot for us.
It is said that he can fly a plane as well as drive a car.
She can play pop music and classical music as well.
二、表示选择关系的连词
1.neither A nor B:A和B都不
这一结构表示否定意义，若连接两个句子可以采用倒装形式。

Einstein cared for neither money nor fame.You can neither take it out nor photo copy it.*在否定结构中通常用or连接两个并列成分。

You can never take it out or photocopy it.
2.or或者，大约，否则，不然
either…or…或者…….或者……，不是……就是……(either…or…结构是or的强化形式) Do you stay at home alone or go to theatre with me?
You’ll have to wait one or two days before you know the result.
Hurry up,or we’ll be late.
Have one more try,or you won’t be successful.
Either he didn’t speak clearly or you didn’t hear well.
三、表示转折和对比意义的并列连词：but（但是），yet（然而），while（而，却）
等After a busy day,I felt tired but happy.
Difficulties will arise in the course of reforming.But we will certainly overcome t hem.
He was not feeling well,yet he kept on until it was done.
China is rich in natural resources,while Japan is poor.
四、表示因果关系的并列连词so（因此，所以），for（因为）
Many directors were absent,so the meeting had to be postponed.
He must have done something wrong,for the head teacher called him to the offi ce.*so不能与because同时出现在同一句中。

For从句主要是对前面的句子作出解释或进行推断，因此for引导的句子不能用于句首。

并列结构的标点符号
由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间用逗号连接。

There are five types of discharge from military service: honorable, general, undesirable, bad conduct, and dishonorable.
两个以上项目全用连词连接起来的并列结构，在修辞色彩上给人以悠闲缓慢、延续持久的感觉。

Raising vegetables presents endless opportunities for weeding and thinning and
hoeing and watering.
有时也可全用逗号，在修辞色彩上给人以紧张、急促、明快、利落的感觉。

除了逗号，分号和冒号也能起并列连词的作用。

分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示对比关系。

Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy.
用冒号连接两个并列分句，通常表示下文是对上文的解释和发挥。

Hijackers and kidnappers offer two equally impossible alternatives: a refusal to meet their terms may mean death for their victims; meeting their terms may mean more victims in the future.
在某些连接性副词如accordingly, furthermore, hence, however, nevertheless, therefore 等之前通常要用分号，而不用逗号。

He had worked in the foreign service for two years without leave; hence he was tired almost beyond endurance.
From a running start Pedro launched his body into a vigorous racing drive; however, he was about thirty feet from the pool at the time.
常用的并列连词
主要的并列连词：and, or, but
关联并列连词：both…and, either…or, not…but, not…nor, neither…nor, not only…but also
近似并列连词：as well as, as much as, rather than, more than
本专题的主要内容
什么是并列结构并列结构分类讲解及真题连接
一.什么是并列结构
并列结构是延长英文句子的重要方法，即通过并列连词所连接的并列成分在结构和功能上保持一致
We have no land ethic yet, but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic(adj.固有的, 内在的, 本质的) right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. 2010.4.7
并列结构的分类
同等关系选择关系转折关系因果关系
二、并列结构分类讲解及真题连接
1.同等关系
一般用and连接的并列句，在形式和功能上相同或类似1.1名词并列
You and Me, From one world, We are family.。