Unit2SectionⅡ语法：虚拟语气（II）-河北安平中学高中英语人教新课标选修六学案
2021届人教版高中英语复习虚拟语气
未来：would do 1.I wish I were a bird.（现在）
2.I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. （过去）
3.We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）
_________ all right now.
A. are
B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
2. __________ any change about the date,
please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be
1) 与现在事实相反：
If 主语were …, 主语 should (would+V原
V-ed
could, might)
2) 与过去事实相反： ➢If 主语had Ved , 主语schououldld, m(wigohutl)d+have Ved
3) 与将来事实相反：
➢If 主语should …,主语 should (would +V原
虚拟语气
1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的
主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条 件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真
实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实 际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟 语气。
在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示 与事实相反的条件和结果。
Part A
Answers
高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解
虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。
省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。
如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。
高中英语人教版-语法虚拟语气--精编版 课件
★Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
If it had not been for your help,…… ★Were it not for the rain, the crops would die.
主语从句中的虚拟语气 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 同位语从句中的虚拟语气
2
一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
条件 If 从句的谓语形 从句 式
主句的谓语形式
现在 V+ ed (were)
would/could/should/ might +V (原)
过去
had done
would/could/should/ might+have+p.p.
4
1.2与过去事实相反：表示庆幸，遗憾，惋惜 If you had listened to me even a little bit, you would not have been in such a trouble.
如果你听了我一点点的话，
你就不将来事实相反 If I should go to the moon tomorrow, I might take some pictures and send them to you. 如果我明天就跑到月亮上的话， 我就拍些照片，然后发给你。
13
1.5 虚拟语气的倒装
★Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。
Unit2SectionⅡ语法：被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式-河北安平中学高中英语人教新课标选修七学案
SectionⅡ语法：被动语态和动词不定式的被动形式英语中动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
汉语中常用“被”“给”“由”“受”等词来表示被动,而英语中由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
1.各种时态的被动结构一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其变化的形式与系动词be的完全一样。
以do为例：项目一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/ is/ are done am/ is/ are being done has/have been done过去was/were done was/were being done had been done将来shall/will be done 无shall/will have been done过去将来should/would be done 无should/would have been done(1)Everyone's pay will be increased next year by 5%.明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。
(2)It was the first time that I had been criticized in p ublic.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。
(3)The work will have been finished by the end of next mon th.到下月底前这项工作将会完成。
(4)The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.这座房子很古老了。
它是1950年建造的。
2.主动语态表被动意义(1)有些动词如read, write, clean,wash,iron,bum,draw,co ok,keep,cut,open,blow,pe e l,sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词wel l, easily, smoothly等连用,且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。
人教版英语必修三Unit 2 语法讲解：If引导的虚拟语气
注意：wish 与hope接宾语从句的区别在于： hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。 Wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。
请比较： • We hope we will succeed. (We don’t know if we will succeed.) • We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardly
• She looks as if/though she were ill.看她的样子，好像生病了。 • He walks as if he were a king.他走起路来就好像他是国王。 • He acted as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。 • He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.即使天塌下来，
4.4 在 I would rather (that)…句型中, “我宁可…”
Would rather+从句+与现在事实相反，则用过去式(be用were) Would rather+从句+与过去动作相反，则谓语动词用had＋过
去分词形式
For example: • I’d rather I were in the rain now. • I’d rather you did not tell him. • I would rather she hadn't done that.
succeed.)
4.2 as if/as though, even if/even though从句中的虚拟.
① 如果指的是现在的状况，则用过去式(be用were) ② 如果指过去发生的动作，则谓语动词用had＋过去分词形式 ③ 如果指将来的事情，would (should, could)+动词原形
高中英语虚拟语气语法课件
3. 如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让 你去帮助他们工作的．
If you were in better health,we c_o__u_l_d__h_a_v_e__a_l_l_o_w_ ed
我们该睡觉了。
It’s (about) time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.
有时为了表达需要,并不总是出现 if 引导 的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句.
1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I
If he ___，he ___that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not have taken
√B. had been warned; would not have taken
(advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。
即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。
• My demand is that she _(_s_h_o_u_l_d_)__c_o_m__e_ (come) to see me once a week. 表语从句
“Yes, indeed, Mum”answered Jim in a low voice. “ But you know if I _h_a_d_n_’t__n_o_ti_c_ed__(not notice) the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden, I_w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e_k_n_o_c_k_e_d( knock) her down. My leg_w_o_u_l_d_’h_a_v_e__b_ee_n__in_j_u_re_d_ (not injure),and instead of me the girl _w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n_t_a_k_e_n(take)to hospital.
高中英语速成：虚拟语气2(特殊句型)(PPT讲解版)
“伪装”破解方法
【注意】不是标准的虚拟条件句，变通三步推导法的第2步即可。
第1步：判断是否是虚拟
第2步：定时态。（分“主从”→写正常的时态）
①在头脑中，利用前后句意，用中文造出一个标准的虚拟条件句 （如果......, 就......） ②判断该句是隐含的“主句”，还是隐含的“从句” （一般为主句） ③写出此句正常的时态。
利用知识点导图来解题
此部分务必观看视频讲解
DREAM OF THE FUTURE
高考真题1
【高考改错】Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 【2016新课标2】
答案1
我们先来看一下句意： 一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。 从建议suggest看出，虚拟句的标志，后面需要用should + do；并且should可以省略。
without their support.
【例句2】她(当时)本来要帮你的，但她当时太忙。
第1步：事实上，她没有帮（help）你，于是可以判断是虚拟；她当时的确很忙，所以不是虚拟。
第2步：用正常的时态：She
you, but she was too busy at the time.
第3步：根据 “变态”规律：She
◆ They requested that the error (should) be corrected at once. 他们要求立刻纠正错误。
◆ Our client insisted that payment (should) be made by cash. 我们的客户坚持要现金付款。
◆ He gave us a suggestion that we (should) spend some time in the south. 他建议我们去南方待一段时间。
人教高中英语必修2同步专题课件：专题十二虚拟语气(共30张PPT)
虚拟语气【学习目标】1.To go over some basic knowledge of subjunctive mood.2.To do some exercises to master the grammar.虚拟语气(Subjunctive mood)概念:一种表示愿望，建议，假设的语气，用来表示说的话不是事实，或者可能性很小的情况。
if引导的条件句的虚拟语气: l.If he hadn^t created the monster, his wife wouldn^t have died.2.If I had one million now, I would donate it to poor people・3.If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go to climb the mountain.虚拟语气动词形式对应【跟踪演练】1.要是我上个学期努力学习英语的话，我就不会考试失败了。
If I had studied English hard last term, I wouldn^t have failed the exam.2.假如他今晚能回来的话，他也许会给你一些建议。
If he were to come back this evening，he might give you some advice.3•要是我是你，我明天就向老师道歉。
If I were you，I would apologize to the teacher tomorrow.4.要是我是你，我就听老师的建议。
If I were you, I would follow the teacher^s advice.if条件句的省略和倒装省略if的条件句需符合的条件：条件句的谓语动词有系动词were,助动词had或should,可将if 省略，而把were, had, should移到主语前。
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SectionⅡ语法：虚拟语气(II)
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气
(1)在“ It is important( necessary,strange,natural,a pity等)+that从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“ should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
It is necessary that I(should) return it right now.
我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is important that this task( should) not fail.
重要的是这项任务不能失败。
It's a pity that he should have failed in the exam.
他考试竟没有及格，真是遗憾。
注意：这种句型中的主语从句有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气。
It's strange that we haven't heard from him.
奇怪，我们一直没有收到他的来信。
It's a pity that you can't stay longer.
你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。
(2)在“ It is ordered( deci ded, suggested, requested, required，proposed等)+that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用“ should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
It is required that the students( should) learn a foreign language.
学生们被要求学一门外语。
It was decided that the school should buy new software.
学校要购买新软件，这已经决定下来了。
2.表语从句和同位语从句的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“( should+)动词原形”。
这类名词有：advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire等。
He made the demand that we should go at once.
=His demand was t hat we should go at once.
他要求我们马上去。
3.错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.
如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)
If I were you, I would have taken his advice.
如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。
(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
注意：混合虚拟语气句还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合。
I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
如果有可能我就去医院看他了，但是我整个上周都很忙。
(前半部分表示假设，而后半部分是陈述事实）
4.含蓄条件句
有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。
常用词或短语有: without,but for,or,otherwise等。
Without your help(= Had it not been for your help), I couldn't have achieved all this.
要不是有你帮助，我是不会取得这些成绩的。
But for his pension, he would starve.
要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了。
Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station.
早来五分钟的话，你就能在车站见到她了。
5.as if/as though从句以及if only后的句子常用虚拟语气
as if/ as though/
if only 时间谓语动词的虚拟形式
与过去事实相反had+过去分词
与现在事实相反一般过去时（be动词用were）与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形
He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter.。