手压阀图纸
制图英语
AA/C across corners 对角距A/F across flats 对边距above stuffing上填料accumulation of energy储能accumulation积聚性acme thread梯形(爱克姆)螺纹across corner 对角距across flat 对边距actual size实际尺寸acute angle 锐角addendum 齿顶高addendum circle 齿顶圆admiralty metal含锡黄铜affiliation从属性(关系)ageing treatment时效处理AL aluminum 铝aligned sectional view旋转剖视图allowance容差、加工余量analytical method of line and plane线面分析法analytical method of shape形体分析法analyzable assembly分析装配图ANG angle 角angle bar or L-bar (beam)角钢angle between axonometric axes轴间角angular dimension 角度尺寸angular gear人字齿轮angular section斜剖面angularity倾斜度anneal退火anti-clockwise逆时针方向的arrow or arrowheads 箭头asbestos packing石棉填料ASM assembly 装配(图)、部件assembly drawing number装配图图号assembly drawings装配(组装)图assembly for installation安装图assembly parts装配组合零件assembly sketches装配草图auxiliary circle辅助圆auxiliary plane辅助平面auxiliary sectional view斜(辅助)剖视图 aligned and developed展开视图AVG average 平均axial coefficients of foreshortening轴向变形系数axis line 轴线axis of rotation转轴axis轴线axonometric axes轴测轴axonometric drawing轴测图axonometric projection轴测投影BBAB Babbitt 巴氏(轴承)合金back (rear) view后(背)视图bar杆base line 基准线base parts机座base plane底平面basic deviation基本偏差basic hole基准孔basic shaft基准轴basic size基本尺寸BB ball bearing 滚动轴承bearing cover轴承盖bearing set轴承座 bearing轴承bell metal青铜(锡铜)合金belt wheel带轮bevel gear斜齿轮BHN Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值bisector 平分线blade spring板簧blind hole 盲孔(不通的孔)blind hole盲孔blind threaded hole螺纹盲孔blunt angle 钝角body of revolution回转体bolt joint螺栓连接bolt螺栓border 图框border line 图框线boring machine or boring镗床boring镗孔boss club凸台bottom shell 下轴瓦box箱体brazing metal铜锌合金bright washer平垫圈Brinell hardness布氏(HB)硬度broacher拉床、绞孔机broaching拉床、扩孔机broach拉光broken line 断裂线broken view (local view)局部视图BRS brass 黄铜BRZ bronze 青铜burnish or polishing磨光butterfly valve蝶形阀buttress (screw) thread锯齿形(枪膛)螺纹caliper卡尺(钳)cap screw带帽螺钉(栓)capital letters 大写字母carburizing (carbon infiltration)渗碳case hardened硬化、表面淬火casting defect铸件缺陷casting processes铸造工艺casting铸造、铸件castle nut内六角圆螺母cavity空腔(穴)CBORE counterbore 沉孔、埋头孔center to center distance 中心距centerline (central line) 中心线center-to-center spacing中心距central projection中心投影CH HD cheese head 开槽圆柱头CHAM chamfer 倒角chamfer倒角channel bar槽钢characteristics of projection 投影特性CHD checked (by) (由) …校对check drawings校(核)图cheese head圆柱头Chinese characters 汉字chrome plating镀铬CI cast iron 铸铁CIR circular 圆的circular arc 圆弧、弧circular pitch 齿距circular pitch周节circular runout圆跳动CL or centerline 中心线clamping夹紧clearance fit间隙配合clockwise顺时针方向的CM centimeter 厘米coarse pitch thread粗牙普通螺纹coarse wheel粗砂轮加工coating涂覆coincidence (revolved) section重合断面coincident point重影(合)点color-hardening着色硬化、发蓝、发黑combination solids组合体commom tangent公切线common axis公共轴线common point 共有点compass 圆规component构件compound sectional view复合剖视图concave millstone凹面磨盘concentric circle同心圆concentricity and coaxiality同轴(心)度conic (miter) gear圆锥(伞)齿轮connecting bar连杆construction line 作图线contact surfaces接触表面continuous straight thin line with zig zags 折线continuous thick line 粗实线continuous thin irregular line 波浪线continuous thin line 细实线contour arithmetic mean deviation轮廓算术平均偏差contour element外形素线conventional breaks折断规定画法conventional representation规定画法converge聚为一点convex millstone凸面磨盘coordinate axis坐标轴COP copper 铜copper plating镀铜corrosion腐蚀cotter (split) pin 开口(尾)销counterbore hole 阶梯沉孔、埋头孔counterboring tool 平底扩孔钻counter-drill 阶梯钻countersunk hole锥形沉孔、埋头孔coupling or union连轴器covering external thread套扣CP circular pitch 周节crank摇把cross rib十字肋cross section shape横断面形状crossing line交叉线crossing point交叉点CRS (C to C) centers 中心距CSK countersunk 锥孔、埋头孔CU cubic 立方的CU FT cubic foot 立方英尺CU IN cubic inch 立方英寸CU YD cubic yard 立方码cube立方体cuboid长方体cup packing皮碗密封curve template 曲线板curved line of intersection曲交线curved slot 曲线槽cutting plane symbol剖切平面符号cutting plane剖切平面cut断面图cycloidal gear摆线齿轮CYL cylinder (cylindrical) 圆柱、圆柱体的cylindricity圆柱度Ddashed thin lines 虚线datum feature基准要素datum line基准线datum plane基准面datum point基准点datum symbo基准代号 ldeburring去毛刺dedendum circle 齿根圆dedendum 齿根高DEG or ? degree 度delineator制图者descriptive geometry 画法几何descriptive geometry solution 图解法design datum设计基准DET DWG detail drawing 零件图detail drawing零件图detailing (an assembly drawing) (由装配图)拆画零件图deviation尺寸偏差（偏差）DIA or φ diameter 直径DIAG diagonal 对角线(的)diagonal line 对角线diagram assembly drawing装配工作图diagrammatic drawing示意图diameter 直径diamond knurling网纹滚花dimension 尺码dimension figure 尺寸数字dimension form 尺寸格式dimension line 尺寸线dimension text 尺寸数值dimension tolerance尺寸公差dimetric drawing正二轴测图dividers 分规dome圆顶状double-start thread双线螺纹dowel pin 圆柱销draft or draught起模斜度drafting paper 绘图纸drafting tape 胶带纸drawing board 图板drawing number图号DRG drawing 制图、图样drilling钻孔drive gear主动齿轮driven gear从动齿轮driven shaft从动轴DRN drawn (by) (由) …绘图ductile cast iron球墨铸铁dynamometry测力Eedge line棱线effective diameters弹簧中径effective length有效长度EI or ei 来自法文ecart inferieur 下偏差代号elbow肘形弯管(头)element circle素线圆element symbol基本符号elementary unit基本体ellipse椭圆elongated hole延长孔、拉伸孔end cover端盖end face端面end point端点engineering requirements技术要求enlarged partial view局部放大图enlargement scale 放大比例EQUI SP or EQS equally spaced 均布erasing shield 擦图片ES or es 来自法文ecart superieur 上偏差代号EXT external 外部的extension line 尺寸界线external (male) thread外(阳)螺纹external diameter弹簧外径external dimension外形尺寸external tangency 外切external thread lathing车外螺纹external view外形视图extreme position of moveable part 活动极限位置extruding挤压FFAB fabricate 制造、装配faucet旋塞、水龙头feed spiral送料螺旋felt ring毡圈ferrous metal黑色金属FIG. figure 附图、插图FIL fillister 凹槽file锉filing margin 装订边fill in填写fillet铸造(内)圆角fine boring精镗fine broaching精拉fine grinding精磨fine milling精铣fine pitch thread细牙普通螺纹fine planning精刨fine turning精车finish all over全部加工fissure裂纹fit symbol配合代号fit system配合制fit配合55? non sealing pipe thread 55?非密封管螺纹55? sealing pipe thread 55?密封管螺纹fixed body固定钳身flange法兰盘、凸缘flat bar扁钢flat heads平顶flat or plane平面flatness平面度follower从动(大齿)轮font 字体font cavity缩孔、铸口forging锻压fork拨叉form error形状误差forth quadrant第四象限four quadrants四个象限45? mitre line 45?斜线free hand 徒手(画)free height自由高度frontal line正平线frontal plane (or V-plane)正投影面frontal plane正平面frustum of a cone圆锥台frustum of a cone截头圆锥frustum of a pyramid棱锥台FT or ′foot 英尺full sectional view全剖视图full size 原值比例full thread全螺纹functional dimensions功能尺寸Ggasket密封垫(圈)gauge calipers卡(量)规gear box (case)齿轮箱gear train齿轮传动gear齿轮general fit class配合种类general-plane 一般位置平面general-position line一般位置直线generating circle母线圆generator (generation) line母线Geometric construction 几何作图geometrical solid几何体geometrical tolerance symbol形位公差符号geometrical tolerance形状位置公差GI galvanized iron 马口铁、镀锌铁gib-head key钩头楔键gland压盖gland密封压盖globe valve球阀good-quality carbon steel优质碳素钢grade 坡度grade A and grade B of type one hexagon nutI 型六角螺母A级和B级graduated scale 比例(分度)尺graphical representation 图示法Graphics 图学GRD grind 磨削grey cast iron灰口铸铁grinding machine磨床grinding研磨grinding磨削groove 凹槽、沟纹guard valve安全阀guide pin定位销guide screw丝杠Hhalf sectional view半剖视图half view半视图hand valve手压阀hard casting白口铁hard metal硬质合金hardened and tempered调质的harden淬火hardness number硬度值Hatching 剖面线heat-treatment热处理heavy lines 加深图线heavy metal重金属helical compression spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧helical spring螺旋弹簧helical spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical tension spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧herringbone gear人字形圆柱齿轮HEX hexagon 六角(边)形HEX HD hexagon head 六角头hex nut六角螺母hex slotted nut六角开槽螺母hexagon head 六角头hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon socket cap screw内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagon thin nut六角薄螺母hidden edges 不可见轮廓线high-carbon steel高碳钢high-speed steel高速钢hole-basis system of fits基孔制配合horizontal (level) plane水平面horizontal line水平线horizontal projection plane (H-plane)水平投影面hot-rolled steel热轧钢HP horsepower 马力H-perpendicular line铅垂线H-perpendicular plane铅垂面HR hour 小时hub轮毂hub轮毂、中心hyperbola双曲线Ihypotenuse直角三角形之斜边(弦)I/D inside diameter 内径、内形尺寸I-beam工字钢imaginary line 假想线IN or ″ inch 英寸incenter 内(切圆)心included angle夹角inflexion拐点ingot iron低碳钢(工业纯铁)initial outline 初始轮廓线inlet side入口端inner race内圈inside diameter内径instruction book说明书instrumental drawing 用仪器画的图INT internal 内部的interchangeability互换性interference fit过盈配合internal (female) thread内(阴)螺纹internal (inside) caliper内卡尺(钳)internal diameters弹簧内径internal tangency 内切internal thread lathing车内螺纹interpenetration相贯intersecting plane截平面intersection line截交线intersection of plane surfaces平面之交线intersection of surfaces表面之交线intersection point交点Intersection相交Intuitive illustrations直观图involute gear渐开线齿轮iron铁ISO standards ISO国际标准ISO=International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织isometric drawing (diagram)正等轴测图isometric projection正等测投影isometric sectional view正等轴测剖视图Italic font 斜体Jjack千斤顶、起重器jig body夹具体junction surface结合面Kkey diagram原理草图key joint键连接key seat键座key types键的型式key way (slot)键槽key键knobbled (wrought) iron熟(锻)铁knurling 滚花knurling nut滚花螺帽Llamp plank钳口板LAT lateral 侧(横)向的lathe车床LB pound 磅lead distance导程leader line 指引线lead导程leaf spring叶(薄)片弹簧left hand-thread左旋螺纹left-hand side (end) view左(端)视图length of thread engagement螺纹旋合长度letter 字母lever arm长臂杠杆LG long .length 长度、长的LH left hand 左旋、左方向light metal轻金属limit size极限尺寸limiting deviations极限偏差limiting element转向轮廓素线LIN linear 线性的、直线的line segment 线段line styles 线型linearity直线性lines in planes线在面上L-iron角铁local (broken-out) sectional view局部剖视图location by dimension 定位尺寸location dimension尺寸定位lock nut防松螺母lock screw锁紧螺钉locking device锁紧装置LONG longitude 经度(线)long dashed dotted thin line 点画线long dashed double dotted thin line 双点画线lower-case letters 小写字母lower deviation下偏差lower limit下限(值)lubricant pump齿轮油泵Ggasket密封垫(圈)gauge calipers卡(量)规gear box (case)齿轮箱gear train齿轮传动gear齿轮general fit class配合种类general-plane 一般位置平面general-position line一般位置直线generating circle母线圆generator (generation) line母线Geometric construction 几何作图geometrical solid几何体geometrical tolerance symbol形位公差符号geometrical tolerance形状位置公差GI galvanized iron 马口铁、镀锌铁gib-head key钩头楔键gland压盖gland密封压盖globe valve球阀good-quality carbon steel优质碳素钢grade 坡度grade A and grade B of type one hexagon nutI 型六角螺母A级和B级graduated scale 比例(分度)尺graphical representation 图示法Graphics 图学GRD grind 磨削grey cast iron灰口铸铁grinding machine磨床grinding研磨grinding磨削groove 凹槽、沟纹guard valve安全阀guide pin定位销guide screw丝杠Hhalf sectional view半剖视图half view半视图hand valve手压阀hard casting白口铁hard metal硬质合金hardened and tempered调质的harden淬火hardness number硬度值Hatching 剖面线heat-treatment热处理heavy lines 加深图线heavy metal重金属helical compression spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧helical spring螺旋弹簧helical spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical tension spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧herringbone gear人字形圆柱齿轮HEX hexagon 六角(边)形HEX HD hexagon head 六角头hex nut六角螺母hex slotted nut六角开槽螺母hexagon head 六角头hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon socket cap screw内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagon thin nut六角薄螺母hidden edges 不可见轮廓线high-carbon steel高碳钢high-speed steel高速钢hole-basis system of fits基孔制配合horizontal (level) plane水平面horizontal line水平线horizontal projection plane (H-plane)水平投影面hot-rolled steel热轧钢HP horsepower 马力H-perpendicular line铅垂线H-perpendicular plane铅垂面HR hour 小时hub轮毂hub轮毂、中心hyperbola双曲线Ihypotenuse直角三角形之斜边(弦)I/D inside diameter 内径、内形尺寸I-beam工字钢imaginary line 假想线IN or ″ inch 英寸incenter 内(切圆)心included angle夹角inflexion拐点ingot iron低碳钢(工业纯铁)initial outline 初始轮廓线inlet side入口端inner race内圈inside diameter内径instruction book说明书instrumental drawing 用仪器画的图INT internal 内部的interchangeability互换性interference fit过盈配合internal (female) thread内(阴)螺纹internal (inside) caliper内卡尺(钳)internal diameters弹簧内径internal tangency 内切internal thread lathing车内螺纹interpenetration相贯intersecting plane截平面intersection line截交线intersection of plane surfaces平面之交线intersection of surfaces表面之交线intersection point交点Intersection相交Intuitive illustrations直观图involute gear渐开线齿轮iron铁ISO standards ISO国际标准ISO=International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织isometric drawing (diagram)正等轴测图isometric projection正等测投影isometric sectional view正等轴测剖视图Italic font 斜体Jjack千斤顶、起重器jig body夹具体junction surface结合面Kkey diagram原理草图key joint键连接key seat键座key types键的型式key way (slot)键槽key键knobbled (wrought) iron熟(锻)铁knurling 滚花knurling nut滚花螺帽Llamp plank钳口板LAT lateral 侧(横)向的lathe车床LB pound 磅lead distance导程leader line 指引线lead导程leaf spring叶(薄)片弹簧left hand-thread左旋螺纹left-hand side (end) view左(端)视图length of thread engagement螺纹旋合长度letter 字母lever arm长臂杠杆LG long .length 长度、长的LH left hand 左旋、左方向light metal轻金属limit size极限尺寸limiting deviations极限偏差limiting element转向轮廓素线LIN linear 线性的、直线的line segment 线段line styles 线型linearity直线性lines in planes线在面上L-iron角铁local (broken-out) sectional view局部剖视图location by dimension 定位尺寸location dimension尺寸定位lock nut防松螺母lock screw锁紧螺钉locking device锁紧装置LONG longitude 经度(线)long dashed dotted thin line 点画线long dashed double dotted thin line 双点画线lower-case letters 小写字母lower deviation下偏差lower limit下限(值)lubricant pump齿轮油泵TT- square 丁字尺tangency point 切点tangent切线taper 锥度(形)taper angle 锥角taper external pipe thread圆锥外管螺纹taper fit锥形体配合taper internal pipe thread圆锥内管螺纹taper pin 圆锥销tapered roller bearing 圆锥滚子轴承taper-shank countersink锥形沉孔钻tapping 开螺纹孔、攻丝tapping攻丝tee groove (slot) T形槽temper回火ten-point height average不平度十点高度THD thread 螺纹、螺丝third angle第三角third quadrant第三象限thread 螺纹thread angle螺纹角thread chaser螺纹碾压thread connection螺纹连接thread end line螺纹终止线thread engagement group-normal中旋合长度thread number线数thread pitch螺距thread symbol螺纹符号thread type螺纹式样threaded fasteners螺纹连接(紧固件)threaded rod螺杆three dimensional space三维空间three–projection drawing三面投影图three-view drawing三视图three-way union三通管接头thrust bearing 推力轴承thrust washer止推垫圈tighten紧固tin plating镀锡title block标题栏TOL tolerance 公差tolerance grade symbol公差等级代号tolerance on fit配合公差tolerance symbols公差符号tolerance zone尺寸公差带（公差带）tolerance尺寸公差（公差）tooth thickness齿厚tooth width齿宽top shell上轴瓦torsion spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧torus圆环total depth齿高total runout全跳动TPI threads per inch 每英寸螺纹数TR traced 描图traces of plane平面的迹线tracing paper 描图纸transition fit过渡配合transmission thread传动螺纹trapezoid or trapezium 梯形triangle 三角形triangles 三角板triangular thread三角形(V)螺纹true angle实际夹角true distance实际距离true length实长true position位置度true shape实形truncated right prism斜截正棱锥tumble滚turning车削twist drill麻花钻UU'CUT undercut 退刀槽、根切undercutting退刀(越程)槽.凹槽unit零(部)件、组合件upper deviation上偏差upper limit上限(值)Vvalve core阀芯valve cover阀盖valve handle阀杆valve seal阀封圈valve阀体vanishing of thread螺尾vee block V形座(块)vertex顶点vertical line垂直线vertical milling立铣vertical plane垂直面verticality垂直性vice虎(台)钳Vickers hardness维氏(HV)硬度visibility test可见性判别visible edges and outlines 可见轮廓线V-perpendicular line正垂线V-perpendicular plane正垂面Wwasher or spacer 垫圈(片)wear-resistant metal耐磨金属web肋(辐)板(条)weld焊接white metal白(铅锑锡)合金WI wrought iron 熟铁、锻铁width of space齿槽宽wire diameter of spring线径woodruff key半圆键working drawing零件工作图worm reduction gear蜗轮减速器worm wheel蜗轮worm蜗杆W-perpendicular line侧垂线W-perpendicular plane侧垂面XX-axis X轴YY-axis Y轴yellow metal黄金、黄色金属ZZ-axis Z轴zero line零线。
手压阀的建模与装配
（一）手压阀中各零件得三维建模过程1、打开Solid Works，选择“资源选项卡”，单击“新建文档”，选择“零件”并确定创建文档。
2、选择上视基准面并画出如下草图 1 （圆半径为28mm），使用“剪裁实体”按钮得到草图2。
草图1 草图23、点击特征选项卡中得“拉伸凸台、基体”按钮，在方向选项卡中输入拉伸深度为105mm 并确定，得到下图中得凸台。
4、按“空格”选择上视，单击零件顶面并在面上绘制如下图形（内圆半径为特征中得“拉伸切除”按钮，输入切除深度为18mm，确定后得到如下实体。
23mm），选择SOUDWORKS 费爱I L宜卢零鉀茁用亟2 TWB5.右键点击“右视基准面”，选择“草图绘制”并在右视基准面中画一个圆心距底面35mm,半径为15mm得圆，再单击“拉伸凸台”按钮，设置拉伸长度为58mm，得到下图实体6、再次右键“右视基准面”，选择草图绘制并绘制如下草图，单击“拉伸凸台”按钮，选择“反向”，拉伸长度为60mm，确定后生成下例实体。
7、右键“前视基准面”，选择草图绘制并绘制如下草图。
单击退出草图，选择特征选项卡中得“筋”特征，单击草图，设置宽度为6mm，确定后生成如下实体。
&调整视图至左视，单击主柱体得左平面并右键选择“草图绘制”，绘制如下草图。
再单击“拉伸凸台”按钮，设置长度为24mm，确定后得到如下实体。
9、选择正视，单击长方体得面后画如下草图（圆r=12mm），并用拉伸凸台拉伸6mm成实10、单击特征选项卡中得“镜像”按钮，镜像面选择前视基准面，镜像特征选择步骤&9中拉伸生成得两个实体，点击确定后生成如下实体。
11、下面开始对阀体内部开始建模。
右键“前视基准面”并选择“剖面视图”，得到阀体剖面，右键选择前视基准面进入草图绘制，并画如下草图。
单击特征选项卡中得“旋转切除”13、右键选择前视基准面并绘制如下草图。
单击“拉伸切除” ，在终止条件下拉菜单中选择"两侧对称”，深度为50mm ,确定后得到如下实体。
常用机械制图英语
AA/Cacrosscorners对角距A/Facrossflats对边距abovestuffing上填料accumulationofenergy储能accumulation聚集性acmethread梯形(爱克姆)螺纹acrosscorner对角距acrossflat对边距actualsize实质尺寸acuteangle锐角addendum齿顶高addendumcircle齿顶圆admiraltymetal含锡黄铜affiliation附属性(关系)ageingtreatment时效办理ALaluminum铝alignedsectionalview旋转剖视图allowance容差、加工余量analyticalmethodoflineandplane线面剖析法analyticalmethodofshape形体剖析法analyzableassembly剖析装置图ANGangle角anglebarorL-bar(beam)角钢anglebetweenaxonometricaxes轴间角angulardimension角度尺寸angulargear人字齿轮angularsection斜剖面angularity倾斜度anneal退火anti-clockwise逆时针方向的arroworarrowheads箭头asbestospacking石棉填料ASMassembly装置(图)、零件assemblydrawingnumber装置图图号assemblydrawings装置(组装)图assemblyforinstallation安装图assemblyparts装置组合零件assemblysketches装置草图auxiliarycircle协助圆auxiliaryplane协助平面auxiliarysectionalview斜(协助)剖视图alignedanddeveloped睁开视图AVGaverage均匀axialcoefficientsofforeshortening轴向变形系数axisline轴线axisofrotation转轴axis轴线axonometricaxes轴测轴axonometricdrawing轴测图axonometricprojection轴测投影BBABBabbitt巴氏(轴承)合金back(rear)view后(背)视图bar杆baseline基准线baseparts机座baseplane底平面basicdeviation基本偏差basichole基准孔basicshaft基准轴basicsize基本尺寸BBballbearing转动轴承bearingcover轴承盖bearingset轴承座bearing轴承bellmetal青铜(锡铜)合金beltwheel带轮bevelgear斜齿轮BHNBrinellhardnessnumber布氏硬度值bisector均分线bladespring板簧blindhole盲孔(不通的孔)blindhole盲孔blindthreadedhole螺纹盲孔bluntangle钝角bodyofrevolution展转体boltjoint螺栓连结bolt螺栓border图框borderline图框线boringmachineorboring镗床boring镗孔bossclub凸台bottomshell下轴瓦box箱体brazingmetal铜锌合金brightwasher平垫圈Brinellhardness布氏(HB)硬度broacher拉床、绞孔机broaching拉床、扩孔机broach拉光brokenline 断裂线brokenview(localview) 局部视图BRSbrass黄铜BRZbronze青铜burnishorpolishing 磨光butterflyvalve 蝶形阀buttress(screw)thread 锯齿形(枪膛)螺纹caliper 卡尺(钳)capscrew带帽螺钉(栓)capitalletters 大写字母carburizing(carboninfiltration) 渗碳casehardened硬化、表面淬火castingdefect 铸件缺点castingprocesses 锻造工艺casting 锻造、铸件castlenut 内六角圆螺母cavity 空腔(穴)CBOREcounterbore沉孔、用心孔centertocenterdistance中心距centerline(centralline)中心线center-to-centerspacing中心距centralprojection中心投影CHHDcheesehead开槽圆柱头CHAMchamfer倒角chamfer倒角channelbar槽钢characteristicsofprojection投影特征CHDchecked(by)(由)校正checkdrawings校(核)图cheesehead圆柱头Chinesecharacters汉字chromeplating镀铬CIcastiron铸铁CIRcircular圆的circulararc圆弧、弧circularpitch齿距circularpitch周节circularrunout圆跳动CLorcenterline中心线clamping夹紧clearancefit空隙配合clockwise顺时针方向的CMcentimeter厘米coarsepitchthread粗牙一般螺纹coarsewheel粗砂轮加工coating涂覆coincidence(revolved)section重合断面coincidentpoint重影(合)点color-hardening着色硬化、发蓝、发黑combinationsolids组合体commomtangent公切线commonaxis公共轴线commonpoint共有点compass圆规component构件compoundsectionalview 复合剖视图concavemillstone 凹面磨盘concentriccircle 齐心圆concentricityandcoaxiality 同轴(心)度conic(miter)gear 圆锥(伞)齿轮connectingbar 连杆constructionline 作图线contactsurfaces 接触表面continuousstraightthinlinewithzigzags continuousthickline 粗实线continuousthinirregularline 波涛线折线continuousthinline 细实线contourarithmeticmeandeviation 轮廓算术均匀偏差contourelement外形素线conventionalbreaks折断规定画法conventionalrepresentation规定画法converge聚为一点convexmillstone凸面磨盘coordinateaxis坐标轴COPcopper铜copperplating镀铜corrosion腐化cotter(split)pin张口(尾)销counterborehole阶梯沉孔、用心孔counterboringtool平底扩孔钻counter-drill阶梯钻countersunkhole锥形沉孔、用心孔couplingorunion连轴器coveringexternalthread套扣周节CPcircularpitchcrank摇把crossrib十字肋crosssectionshape横断面形状crossingline交错线crossingpoint交错点CRS(CtoC)centers中心距CSKcountersunk锥孔、用心孔CUcubic立方的CUFTcubicfoot立方英尺CUINcubicinch立方英寸CUYDcubicyard立方码cube立方体cuboid长方体cuppacking皮碗密封curvetemplate曲线板curvedlineofintersection曲交线curvedslot曲线槽cuttingplanesymbol剖切平面符号cuttingplane剖切平面cut断面图cycloidalgear摆线齿轮CYLcylinder(cylindrical)圆柱、圆柱体的cylindricity圆柱度Ddashedthinlines虚线datumfeature基准因素datumline基准线datumplane基准面datumpoint基准点datumsymbo基准代号ldeburring去毛刺dedendumcircle齿根圆dedendum齿根高DEGor?degree度delineator制图者descriptivegeometry画法几何descriptivegeometrysolution图解法designdatum设计基准DETDWGdetaildrawing零件图detaildrawing零件图detailing(anassemblydrawing)(由装置图)拆画零件图deviation尺寸偏差（偏差）DIAorφdiameter直径DIAGdiagonal对角线(的)diagonalline对角线diagramassemblydrawing装置工作图diagrammaticdrawing表示图diameter直径diamondknurling网纹滚花dimension尺码dimensionfigure尺寸数字dimensionform尺寸格式dimensionline尺寸线dimensiontext尺寸数值dimensiontolerance尺寸公差dimetricdrawing正二轴测图dividers分规dome圆顶状double-startthread双线螺纹dowelpin圆柱销draftordraught起模斜度draftingpaper画图纸draftingtape胶带纸drawingboard图板drawingnumber图号DRGdrawing制图、图样drilling钻孔drivegear主动齿轮drivengear从动齿轮drivenshaft从动轴DRNdrawn(by)(由)画图ductilecastiron球墨铸铁dynamometry测力Eedgeline棱线effectivediameters弹簧中径effectivelength有效长度EIorei 来自法文ecartinferieur下偏差代号elbow肘形弯管(头)elementcircle素线圆elementsymbol基本符号elementaryunit基本体ellipse椭圆elongatedhole延伸孔、拉伸孔endcover端盖endface端面endpoint端点engineeringrequirements技术要求enlargedpartialview局部放大图enlargementscale放大比率EQUISPorEQSequallyspaced均布erasingshield擦图片ESores 来自法文ecartsuperieur上偏差代号EXTexternal外面的extensionline尺寸界限external(male)thread外(阳)螺纹externaldiameter弹簧外径externaldimension外形尺寸externaltangency外切externalthreadlathing车外螺纹externalview外形视图extremepositionofmoveablepart活动极限地点extruding挤压FFABfabricate制造、装置faucet旋塞、水龙头feedspiral送料螺旋feltring毡圈ferrousmetal黑色金属FIG.figure附图、插图FILfillister凹槽file锉filingmargin装订边fillin填写fillet锻造(内)圆角fineboring精镗finebroaching精拉finegrinding精磨finemilling精铣finepitchthread细牙一般螺纹fineplanning精刨fineturning精车finishallover所有加工fissure裂纹fitsymbol配合代号fitsystem配合制fit配合55?nonsealingpipethread55?非密封管螺纹55?sealingpipethread55?密封管螺纹fixedbody固定钳身flange法兰盘、凸缘flatbar扁钢flatheads平顶flatorplane平面flatness平面度follower从动(大齿)轮font字体fontcavity缩孔、铸口forging锻压fork拨叉formerror形状偏差forthquadrant第四象限fourquadrants四个象限45?mitreline45?斜线freehand徒手(画)freeheight自由高度frontalline正平线frontalplane(orV-plane)正投影面frontalplane正平面frustumofacone圆锥台frustumofacone截头圆锥frustumofapyramid棱锥台FTor′foot英尺fullsectionalview全剖视图原值比率fullsizefullthread 全螺纹functionaldimensions 功能尺寸Ggasket密封垫(圈)gaugecalipers卡(量)规gearbox(case)齿轮箱geartrain齿轮传动gear齿轮generalfitclass配合种类general-plane一般地点平面general-positionline一般地点直线generatingcircle母线圆generator(generation)line母线Geometricconstruction几何作图geometricalsolid几何体geometricaltolerancesymbol形位公差符号geometricaltolerance形状地点公差GIgalvanizediron马口铁、镀锌铁gib-headkey钩头楔键gland压盖gland密封压盖globevalve球阀good-qualitycarbonsteel优良碳素钢grade坡度gradeAandgradeBoftypeonehexagonnutI型六角螺母A级和B级graduatedscale比率(分度)尺图示法graphicalrepresentationGraphics图学GRDgrind磨削greycastiron灰口铸铁grindingmachine磨床grinding研磨grinding磨削groove凹槽、沟纹guardvalve安全阀guidepin定位销guidescrew丝杠Hhalfsectionalview半剖视图halfview半视图handvalve手压阀hardcasting白口铁hardmetal硬质合金hardenedandtempered调质的harden淬火hardnessnumber硬度值Hatching剖面线heat-treatment热办理heavylines加深图线heavymetal重金属helicalcompressionspring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧helicalspring螺旋弹簧helicalspurgear斜齿圆柱齿轮helicaltensionspring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧herringbonegear人字形圆柱齿轮HEXhexagon六角(边)形HEXHDhexagonhead六角头hexnut六角螺母hexslottednut六角开槽螺母hexagonhead六角头hexagonheadbolt六角头螺栓hexagonheadbolt六角头螺栓hexagonsocketcapscrew内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagonthinnut六角薄螺母hiddenedges不行见轮廓线high-carbonsteel高碳钢high-speedsteel高速钢hole-basissystemoffits基孔制配合horizontal(level)plane水平面horizontalline水平线horizontalprojectionplane(H-plane)水平投影面hot-rolledsteel热轧钢HPhorsepower马力H-perpendicularline铅垂线H-perpendicularplane铅垂面HRhour小时hub轮毂hub轮毂、中心hyperbola 双曲线Ihypotenuse直角三角形之斜边(弦) I/Dinsidediameter 内径、内形尺寸I-beam工字钢imaginaryline设想线INor″inch英寸incenter内(切圆)心includedangle夹角inflexion拐点ingotiron低碳钢(工业纯铁) initialoutline初始轮廓线inletside进口端innerrace内圈insidediameter内径instructionbook说明书instrumentaldrawing用仪器画的图INTinternal内部的interchangeability交换性interferencefit过盈配合internal(female)thread内(阴)螺纹internal(inside)caliper内卡尺(钳)internaldiameters弹簧内径internaltangency内切internalthreadlathing车内螺纹interpenetration相贯intersectingplane截平面intersectionline截交线intersectionofplanesurfaces平面之交线intersectionofsurfaces表面之交线intersectionpoint交点Intersection订交Intuitiveillustrations直观图involutegear渐开线齿轮iron铁ISOstandardsISO国际标准ISO=InternationalStandardizationOrganization国际标准化组织正等轴测图isometricdrawing(diagram)isometricprojection正等测投影isometricsectionalview正等轴测剖视图Italicfont斜体Jjack千斤顶、起重器jigbody 夹详细junctionsurface 联合面Kkeydiagram 原理草图keyjoint 键连结keyseat 键座keytypes 键的型式keyway(slot) 键槽key键knobbled(wrought)iron 熟(锻)铁knurling 滚花knurlingnut 滚花螺帽LlampplankLATlatera l 钳口板侧(横)向的lathe 车床LBpound磅leaddistance导程leaderline引导线lead导程leafspring叶(薄)片弹簧lefthand-thread左旋螺纹left-handside(end)view左(端)视图lengthofthreadengagement螺纹旋合长度letter字母leverarm长臂杠杆LGlong.length长度、长的LHlefthand左旋、左方向lightmetal轻金属limitsize极限尺寸limitingdeviations极限偏差limitingelement转向轮廓素线LINlinear线性的、直线的linesegment线段linestyles线型linearity直线性linesinplanes线在面上L-iron角铁local(broken-out)sectionalview局部剖视图locationbydimension定位尺寸locationdimension尺寸定位locknut防松螺母lockscrew锁紧螺钉lockingdevice锁紧装置LONGlongitude经度(线)longdasheddottedthinline点画线longdasheddoubledottedthinline双点画线lower-caseletters小写字母lowerdeviation下偏差lowerlimit下限(值)lubricantpump齿轮油泵。
手压阀说明书
目录目录 (1)一数据分析 (2)二实体建模 (2)三运动分析 (5)（1）装备 (5)（2）分析 (9)（3）运动 (10)（4）受力分析 (13)四CAM加工 (15)（1）箱底底座加工 (15)（2）G代码 (18)五附件 (23)（1）工程图 (23)手压阀说明书一、数据分析1、图纸介绍：根据手压阀的轴侧图和零件图在A3纸上按1:1绘制装备图。
2、参数选择：开口销GB\T91-2000 4x18 公称直径d=4mm 长度l=50mm 材料Q235 不经表面处理螺纹：螺套M24 螺距p=2mm 中径D1=22.701mm 小径D2=21.835mm; 阀体M36螺距p=2mm中径D1=34.701mm 小径D2=33.835mm其他参数，详情见附件。
二、实体建模1球头：主要采用旋转等指令2垫片主要采用旋转等指令3螺套主要采用拉伸旋转等指令4销钉主要采用拉伸钻孔等指令5、箱座主要采用拉伸、旋转、伸出项（切口）等指令6、箱体主要采用拉伸、旋转、钻孔等指令7手柄主要采用拉伸旋转等指令三、机构运动分析1装备一、箱体装备：采用缺省约束二、手柄装备：采用销钉约束三、阀杆装备：采用圆柱和添加集轴承链接四、螺套装备：采用销钉连接五、销钉装备：采用缺省装备六、胶垫装备：采用缺省装备七、箱座装备：采用销钉和平面装备八、球头装备：采用缺省装备2分析一、伺服电动机二、弹簧系统三、阻尼3运动手压阀是吸气和排出液体的一种手动阀门。
当手握住手柄向下压紧阀杆时，阀杆压缩弹簧向下移动，入口开通，此时液体排出；当手柄抬起时，弹簧松开，阀杆向上贴紧阀体，液体则不能通过。
4、受力分析四、CAM加工（箱体底座加工）1创建毛坯2加工机床设置3车轮廓（区域车削）4车轮廓（轮廓车削）5车轮廓（车螺纹）6车轮廓（孔加工）7 G代码1>PARTNO / MFG00022>MACHIN/,122>PPRINT / MFG00021 Pro/NC-GPOST Mill UNCX01 6.3.WN00 P-20.0 MACHIN/UNCX01,12 DATE: 12/13/2013 PAGE 1NIIGATA HN50A - FANUC 15MA - B TABLE/ MFG0002 ( MM ) INPUT CLREC N5G2X43Y43Z43B33Q43R43I43J43K43F42D2S4T3M2H22 2 $ / MFG00022 2 N5 G71$2 2 N10 ( / MFG0002)$2>INSERT G0 G17 G99$2 2 N15 G0 G17 G99$2>INSERT G90 G94$2 2 N20 G90 G94$8>UNITS/MM9>TURRET/110>CAMERA/1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,011>SPINDL/RPM,300,CLW11 11 N25 S300 M03$12>RAPID13>GOTO /34.2,0,4.54624113 13 N30 G0 Z4.546$13 13 N35 X34.2 Y0.$14>FEDRAT/200,MMPM15>GOTO /30,0,4.54624115 15 N40 G1 X30. F200.$16>GOTO /30,0,-3616 16 N45 Z-36.$17>GOTO /32.2,0,-3617 17 N50 X32.2$18>RAPID19>GOTO /32.2,0,4.54624119 19 N55 G0 Z4.546$20>FEDRAT/200,MMPM21>GOTO /28,0,4.54624121 21 N60 G1 X28. F200.$22>GOTO /28,0,-1422 22 N65 Z-14.$24>ARCDAT/28,0,-16,0,1,0,225>GOTO /30,0,-1625 25 N70 X28.126 Z-14.004$25 25 N75 X28.252 Z-14.016$25 25 N80 X28.377 Z-14.036$25 25 N85 X28.501 Z-14.064$25 25 N90 X28.622 Z-14.099$25 25 N95 X28.741 Z-14.142$25 25 N100 X28.857 Z-14.193$25 25 N105 X28.969 Z-14.251$25 25 N110 X29.078 Z-14.315$25 25 N115 X29.182 Z-14.387$25 25 N120 X29.282 Z-14.465$25 25 N125 X29.376 Z-14.549$ 125 25 N130 X29.465 Z-14.639$25 25 N135 X29.548 Z-14.734$25 25 N140 X29.625 Z-14.835$25 25 N145 X29.696 Z-14.94$25 25 N150 X29.759 Z-15.049$25 25 N155 X29.816 Z-15.162$25 25 N160 X29.865 Z-15.278$25 25 N165 X29.907 Z-15.398$25 25 N170 X29.941 Z-15.52$25 25 N175 X29.968 Z-15.643$25 25 N180 X29.987 Z-15.768$25 25 N185 X29.997 Z-15.894$25 25 N190 X30. Z-16.$26>GOTO /32.2,0,-1626 26 N195 X32.2$27>RAPID28>GOTO /32.2,0,4.54624128 28 N200 G0 Z4.546$29>FEDRAT/200,MMPM30>GOTO /26,0,4.54624130 30 N205 G1 X26. F200.$31>GOTO /26,0,-1431 31 N210 Z-14.$32>GOTO /30.2,0,-1432 32 N215 X30.2$33>RAPID34>GOTO /30.2,0,4.54624134 34 N220 G0 Z4.546$35>FEDRAT/200,MMPM36>GOTO /24,0,4.54624136 36 N225 G1 X24. F200.$37>GOTO /24,0,-1437 37 N230 Z-14.$38>GOTO /28.2,0,-1438 38 N235 X28.2$39>RAPID40>GOTO /28.2,0,4.54624140 40 N240 G0 Z4.546$41>FEDRAT/200,MMPM42>GOTO /22,0,4.54624142 42 N245 G1 X22. F200.$43>GOTO /22,0,-1443 43 N250 Z-14.$44>GOTO /26.2,0,-1444 44 N255 X26.2$45>RAPID46>GOTO /26.2,0,4.54624146 46 N260 G0 Z4.546$47>FEDRAT/200,MMPM148>GOTO /20,0,4.54624148 48 N265 G1 X20. F200.$49>GOTO /20,0,-1449 49 N270 Z-14.$50>GOTO /32.2,0,-1450 50 N275 X32.2$53>CAMERA/1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,054>SPINDL/RPM,500,CLW54 54 N280 S500$55>RAPID56>GOTO /19.5,0,056 56 N285 G0 Z0.$56 56 N290 X19.5$57>FEDRAT/300,MMPM58>GOTO /19.5,0,-14.558 58 N295 G1 Z-14.5 F300.$59>GOTO /28,0,-14.559 59 N300 X28.$61>ARCDAT/28,0,-16,0,1,0,1.562>GOTO /29.5,0,-1662 62 N305 X28.109 Z-14.504$ 62 62 N310 X28.218 Z-14.516$ 62 62 N315 X28.326 Z-14.536$ 62 62 N320 X28.432 Z-14.564$ 62 62 N325 X28.536 Z-14.599$ 62 62 N330 X28.636 Z-14.642$ 62 62 N335 X28.734 Z-14.692$ 62 62 N340 X28.827 Z-14.749$ 62 62 N345 X28.916 Z-14.813$ 62 62 N350 X29.001 Z-14.883$ 62 62 N355 X29.08 Z-14.959$ 62 62 N360 X29.153 Z-15.04$ 62 62 N365 X29.22 Z-15.127$ 62 62 N370 X29.28 Z-15.218$ 62 62 N375 X29.334 Z-15.314$ 62 62 N380 X29.38 Z-15.413$ 62 62 N385 X29.419 Z-15.515$ 62 62 N390 X29.451 Z-15.62$ 62 62 N395 X29.475 Z-15.727$ 62 62 N400 X29.491 Z-15.835$ 62 62 N405 X29.499 Z-15.944$62 62 N410 X29.5 Z-16.$63>GOTO /29.5,0,-3663 63 N415 Z-36.$66>TURRET/267>CAMERA/1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,068>SPINDL/RPM,100,CLW68 68 N420 S100$69>RAPID170>GOTO /23,0,070 70 N425 G0 Z0.$70 70 N430 X23.$71>FEDRAT/200,MMPM72>OP/THREAD,TURN,FEDTO,.306715,TPI,2,CUTS,3,FINCUT,1,CUTANG,18073>GOTO /18,0,073 73 N435 G1 X18. F200.$74>GOTO /18,0,-12.24714974 74 N440 Z-12.247$75>OP/THREAD,NOMORE76>RAPID77>GOTO /23,0,077 77 N445 G0 Z0.$77 77 N450 X23.$78>SPINDL/OFF81>TURRET/483>CAMERA/1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,084>SPINDL/RPM,400,CLW84 84 N455 S400$85>RAPID86>GOTO /0,0,1086 86 N460 Z10.$86 86 N465 X0.$87>CYCLE/DRILL,FEDTO,12,MMPM,25,CLEAR,588>GOTO /0,0,088 88 N470 G81 X0. Y0. Z-12. R5. F25.$89>CYCLE/OFF89 89 N475 G80$90>RAPID91>GOTO /0,0,1091 91 N480 G0 Z10.$92>SPINDL/OFF94>AUXFUN/3094 94 N485 M30$94>FINI9494 %$五、附件（工程图）。
第9章 装配图
3 6
序号 制图 校核
91
11 GB/T119.1 4X22 18100-10 10 18100-09 垫 9 8 GB/T68 M6X16 螺 18100-07 7 垫 18100-06 钳 6 18100-05 螺 5 4 18100-04 螺 3 18100-03 活 18100-02 2 螺 18100-01 固 1
6.3
0.8 ∅100k6
R22
B-B
40
R5
铸造圆角R3
2X∅12 12.5
∅86H7
∅18
3
24
1
∅10
7
其余
0.8 16
6.3 6.3 ∅15 120° 15
泵体
HT150
1:2
1件
12.5
C2
25
C2
4 12
其余
∅25f9
12.5
M8-7H ∅60 ∅52 ∅60 ∅62 6.3 8 6.3 18 17 34
64 140 92 12.5 18 14
其余
班级学号
6 ∅11 3.2
姓名
3X∅7 EQS
成绩
其余
12.5
1.6
25 C2 ∅50 1.6
∅14H9
2xM5通孔
6.3 12.5 3
1.6
∅120
∅132
Hale Waihona Puke ∅32∅36 ∅30C4 1.6
∅11
3XM6 EQS 85 6.3 12.5
Rp3/8
6.3
∅14F8
第十三章 装配图
13-1 拼画千斤顶装配图
工作原理及作业要求
班级学号
手压阀实体造型研究和设计
手压阀实体造型研究和设计2015年6月I摘要手压阀是吸入或排出液体的一种手动阀门,当操作手柄向下压紧阀杆时,弹簧因受力压缩而使阀杆向下移动,此时液体入口与出口相连，手柄向下抬起时由于弹簧弹力作用阀杆向上压紧阀体使液体入口与出口不通。
本课题通过对手压阀进行造型设计，绘制出相关的零件图和装配图,分析手压阀的工作原理。
本课题锻炼了绘图能力和实际加工的应用能力，对每一个工件的加工过程都做分析，对手压阀的工作原理、机械原理、适用范围等做介绍，并且对加工过程中所用到的机床、夹具也有了更深一步的了解。
【关键词】手压阀机械加工工艺分析配图II目录1手压阀的原理和应用 ····················································错误！未定义书签。
1.1手压阀的工作原理 (1)1.2手压阀的主要用途 (1)1.3手压阀的设计图 (1)2加工所需要的设备及夹具 (2)2.1车床 (2)2.1.1车床的用途 (2)2.1.2车床的工作原理 (2)2.1.3车床的功能 (2)2.2铣床 (3)2.2.1铣床的用途 (3)2.2.2铣床的工作原理 (3)2.2.3铣床的功能 (3)2.3刨床 (4)2.3.1刨床的用途 (4)2.3.2刨床的工作原理 (4)2.3.3刨床的功能 (4)2.4夹具 (5)2..4.1平口钳的用途 (5)2.4.2平口钳的工作原理 (5)2..4.3三爪自定心卡盘的用途 (5)2.4.4三爪自定心卡盘的工作原理 (5)3工件的工艺分析 (6)3.1手柄的加工工艺分析 (6)3.1.1手柄图纸的分析 (6)3.1.2毛坯的选择 (6)3.2.3夹具的选择 (6)3.1.4加工工艺 (7)III3.2调节螺母的加工工艺分析 (8)3.2.1调节螺母图纸的分析 (8)3.3.2毛坯的选择 (8)3.2.3夹具的选择 (8)3.2.4加工工艺 ······································································· 9~~103.3锁紧螺母的加工工艺分析 (11)3.3.1锁紧螺母图纸的分析 (11)3.3.2毛坯的选择 (11)3.3.3夹具的选择 (11)3.3.4加工工艺 ····································································· 12~~134 相关配图 (14)4.1总装配图 (14)4.2分解图 (14)4.3装配步骤图 ·········································································· 15~~194.4操作图 (20)5毕业课题总结 (21)6参考文献 (21)IV1手动阀的原理和应用1.1手压阀的工作原理手压阀是开启或关闭液路的一种手动阀门。
常用的制图专业术语-中英文
常用的制图专业术语，中、英文对照 A-LAA/C across corners 对角距A/F across flats 对边距above stuffing上填料accumulation of energy储能accumulation积聚性acme thread梯形(爱克姆)螺纹across corner 对角距across flat 对边距actual size实际尺寸acute angle 锐角addendum 齿顶高addendum circle 齿顶圆admiralty metal含锡黄铜affiliation从属性(关系)ageing treatment时效处理AL aluminum 铝aligned sectional view旋转剖视图allowance容差、加工余量analytical method of line and plane线面分析法analytical method of shape形体分析法analyzable assembly分析装配图ANG angle 角angle bar or L-bar (beam)角钢angle between axonometric axes轴间角angular dimension 角度尺寸angular gear人字齿轮angular section斜剖面angularity倾斜度anneal退火anti-clockwise逆时针方向的arrow or arrowheads 箭头asbestos packing石棉填料ASM assembly 装配(图)、部件assembly drawing number装配图图号assembly drawings装配(组装)图assembly for installation安装图assembly parts装配组合零件assembly sketches装配草图auxiliary circle辅助圆auxiliary plane辅助平面auxiliary sectional view斜(辅助)剖视图 aligned and developed展开视图AVG average 平均axial coefficients of foreshortening轴向变形系数axis line 轴线axis of rotation转轴axis轴线axonometric axes轴测轴axonometric drawing轴测图axonometric projection轴测投影BBAB Babbitt 巴氏(轴承)合金back (rear) view后(背)视图bar杆base line 基准线base parts机座base plane底平面basic deviation基本偏差basic hole基准孔basic shaft基准轴basic size基本尺寸BB ball bearing 滚动轴承bearing cover轴承盖bearing set轴承座 bearing轴承bell metal青铜(锡铜)合金belt wheel带轮bevel gear斜齿轮BHN Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值bisector 平分线blade spring板簧blind hole 盲孔(不通的孔)blind hole盲孔blind threaded hole螺纹盲孔blunt angle 钝角body of revolution回转体bolt joint螺栓连接bolt螺栓border 图框border line 图框线boring machine or boring镗床boring镗孔boss club凸台bottom shell 下轴瓦box箱体brazing metal铜锌合金bright washer平垫圈Brinell hardness布氏(HB)硬度broacher拉床、绞孔机broaching拉床、扩孔机broach拉光broken line 断裂线broken view (local view)局部视图BRS brass 黄铜BRZ bronze 青铜burnish or polishing磨光butterfly valve蝶形阀buttress (screw) thread锯齿形(枪膛)螺纹caliper卡尺(钳)cap screw带帽螺钉(栓)capital letters 大写字母carburizing (carbon infiltration)渗碳case hardened硬化、表面淬火casting defect铸件缺陷casting processes铸造工艺casting铸造、铸件castle nut内六角圆螺母cavity空腔(穴)CBORE counterbore 沉孔、埋头孔center to center distance 中心距centerline (central line) 中心线center-to-center spacing中心距central projection中心投影CH HD cheese head 开槽圆柱头CHAM chamfer 倒角chamfer倒角channel bar槽钢characteristics of projection 投影特性CHD checked (by) (由) …校对check drawings校(核)图cheese head圆柱头Chinese characters 汉字chrome plating镀铬CI cast iron 铸铁CIR circular 圆的circular arc 圆弧、弧circular pitch 齿距circular pitch周节circular runout圆跳动CL or centerline 中心线clamping夹紧clearance fit间隙配合clockwise顺时针方向的CM centimeter 厘米coarse pitch thread粗牙普通螺纹coarse wheel粗砂轮加工coating涂覆coincidence (revolved) section重合断面coincident point重影(合)点color-hardening着色硬化、发蓝、发黑combination solids组合体commom tangent公切线common axis公共轴线common point 共有点compass 圆规component构件compound sectional view复合剖视图concave millstone凹面磨盘concentric circle同心圆concentricity and coaxiality同轴(心)度conic (miter) gear圆锥(伞)齿轮connecting bar连杆construction line 作图线contact surfaces接触表面continuous straight thin line with zig zags 折线continuous thick line 粗实线continuous thin irregular line 波浪线continuous thin line 细实线contour arithmetic mean deviation轮廓算术平均偏差contour element外形素线conventional breaks折断规定画法conventional representation规定画法converge聚为一点convex millstone凸面磨盘coordinate axis坐标轴COP copper 铜copper plating镀铜corrosion腐蚀cotter (split) pin 开口(尾)销counterbore hole 阶梯沉孔、埋头孔counterboring tool 平底扩孔钻counter-drill 阶梯钻countersunk hole锥形沉孔、埋头孔coupling or union连轴器covering external thread套扣CP circular pitch 周节crank摇把cross rib十字肋cross section shape横断面形状crossing line交叉线crossing point交叉点CRS (C to C) centers 中心距CSK countersunk 锥孔、埋头孔CU cubic 立方的CU FT cubic foot 立方英尺CU IN cubic inch 立方英寸CU YD cubic yard 立方码cube立方体cuboid长方体cup packing皮碗密封curve template 曲线板curved line of intersection曲交线curved slot 曲线槽cutting plane symbol剖切平面符号cutting plane剖切平面cut断面图cycloidal gear摆线齿轮CYL cylinder (cylindrical) 圆柱、圆柱体的cylindricity圆柱度Ddashed thin lines 虚线datum feature基准要素datum line基准线datum plane基准面datum point基准点datum symbo基准代号 ldeburring去毛刺dedendum circle 齿根圆dedendum 齿根高DEG or ? degree 度delineator制图者descriptive geometry 画法几何descriptive geometry solution 图解法design datum设计基准DET DWG detail drawing 零件图detail drawing零件图detailing (an assembly drawing) (由装配图)拆画零件图deviation尺寸偏差（偏差）DIA or φ diameter 直径DIAG diagonal 对角线(的)diagonal line 对角线diagram assembly drawing装配工作图diagrammatic drawing示意图diameter 直径diamond knurling网纹滚花dimension 尺码dimension figure 尺寸数字dimension form 尺寸格式dimension line 尺寸线dimension text 尺寸数值dimension tolerance尺寸公差dimetric drawing正二轴测图dividers 分规dome圆顶状double-start thread双线螺纹dowel pin 圆柱销draft or draught起模斜度drafting paper 绘图纸drafting tape 胶带纸drawing board 图板drawing number图号DRG drawing 制图、图样drilling钻孔drive gear主动齿轮driven gear从动齿轮driven shaft从动轴DRN drawn (by) (由) …绘图ductile cast iron球墨铸铁dynamometry测力Eedge line棱线effective diameters弹簧中径effective length有效长度EI or ei 来自法文ecart inferieur 下偏差代号elbow肘形弯管(头)element circle素线圆element symbol基本符号elementary unit基本体ellipse椭圆elongated hole延长孔、拉伸孔end cover端盖end face端面end point端点engineering requirements技术要求enlarged partial view局部放大图enlargement scale 放大比例EQUI SP or EQS equally spaced 均布erasing shield 擦图片ES or es 来自法文ecart superieur 上偏差代号EXT external 外部的extension line 尺寸界线external (male) thread外(阳)螺纹external diameter弹簧外径external dimension外形尺寸external tangency 外切external thread lathing车外螺纹external view外形视图extreme position of moveable part 活动极限位置extruding挤压FFAB fabricate 制造、装配faucet旋塞、水龙头feed spiral送料螺旋felt ring毡圈ferrous metal黑色金属FIG. figure 附图、插图FIL fillister 凹槽file锉filing margin 装订边fill in填写fillet铸造(内)圆角fine boring精镗fine broaching精拉fine grinding精磨fine milling精铣fine pitch thread细牙普通螺纹fine planning精刨fine turning精车finish all over全部加工fissure裂纹fit symbol配合代号fit system配合制fit配合55? non sealing pipe thread 55?非密封管螺纹55? sealing pipe thread 55?密封管螺纹fixed body固定钳身flange法兰盘、凸缘flat bar扁钢flat heads平顶flat or plane平面flatness平面度follower从动(大齿)轮font 字体font cavity缩孔、铸口forging锻压fork拨叉form error形状误差forth quadrant第四象限four quadrants四个象限45? mitre line 45?斜线free hand 徒手(画)free height自由高度frontal line正平线frontal plane (or V-plane)正投影面frontal plane正平面frustum of a cone圆锥台frustum of a cone截头圆锥frustum of a pyramid棱锥台FT or ′foot 英尺full sectional view全剖视图full size 原值比例full thread全螺纹functional dimensions功能尺寸Ggasket密封垫(圈)gauge calipers卡(量)规gear box (case)齿轮箱gear train齿轮传动gear齿轮general fit class配合种类general-plane 一般位置平面general-position line一般位置直线generating circle母线圆generator (generation) line母线Geometric construction 几何作图geometrical solid几何体geometrical tolerance symbol形位公差符号geometrical tolerance形状位置公差GI galvanized iron 马口铁、镀锌铁gib-head key钩头楔键gland压盖gland密封压盖globe valve球阀good-quality carbon steel优质碳素钢grade 坡度grade A and grade B of type one hexagon nutI 型六角螺母A级和B级graduated scale 比例(分度)尺graphical representation 图示法Graphics 图学GRD grind 磨削grey cast iron灰口铸铁grinding machine磨床grinding研磨grinding磨削groove 凹槽、沟纹guard valve安全阀guide pin定位销guide screw丝杠Hhalf sectional view半剖视图half view半视图hand valve手压阀hard casting白口铁hard metal硬质合金hardened and tempered调质的harden淬火hardness number硬度值Hatching 剖面线heat-treatment热处理heavy lines 加深图线heavy metal重金属helical compression spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧helical spring螺旋弹簧helical spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical tension spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧herringbone gear人字形圆柱齿轮HEX hexagon 六角(边)形HEX HD hexagon head 六角头hex nut六角螺母hex slotted nut六角开槽螺母hexagon head 六角头hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon head bolt六角头螺栓hexagon socket cap screw内六角圆柱头螺钉hexagon thin nut六角薄螺母hidden edges 不可见轮廓线high-carbon steel高碳钢high-speed steel高速钢hole-basis system of fits基孔制配合horizontal (level) plane水平面horizontal line水平线horizontal projection plane (H-plane)水平投影面hot-rolled steel热轧钢HP horsepower 马力H-perpendicular line铅垂线H-perpendicular plane铅垂面HR hour 小时hub轮毂hub轮毂、中心hyperbola双曲线Ihypotenuse直角三角形之斜边(弦)I/D inside diameter 内径、内形尺寸I-beam工字钢imaginary line 假想线IN or ″ inch 英寸incenter 内(切圆)心included angle夹角inflexion拐点ingot iron低碳钢(工业纯铁)initial outline 初始轮廓线inlet side入口端inner race内圈inside diameter内径instruction book说明书instrumental drawing 用仪器画的图INT internal 内部的interchangeability互换性interference fit过盈配合internal (female) thread内(阴)螺纹internal (inside) caliper内卡尺(钳)internal diameters弹簧内径internal tangency 内切internal thread lathing车内螺纹interpenetration相贯intersecting plane截平面intersection line截交线intersection of plane surfaces平面之交线intersection of surfaces表面之交线intersection point交点Intersection相交Intuitive illustrations直观图involute gear渐开线齿轮iron铁ISO standards ISO国际标准ISO=International Standardization Organization 国际标准化组织isometric drawing (diagram)正等轴测图isometric projection正等测投影isometric sectional view正等轴测剖视图Italic font 斜体Jjack千斤顶、起重器jig body夹具体junction surface结合面Kkey diagram原理草图key joint键连接key seat键座key types键的型式key way (slot)键槽key键knobbled (wrought) iron熟(锻)铁knurling 滚花knurling nut滚花螺帽Llamp plank钳口板LAT lateral 侧(横)向的lathe车床LB pound 磅lead distance导程leader line 指引线lead导程leaf spring叶(薄)片弹簧left hand-thread左旋螺纹left-hand side (end) view左(端)视图length of thread engagement螺纹旋合长度letter 字母lever arm长臂杠杆LG long .length 长度、长的LH left hand 左旋、左方向light metal轻金属limit size极限尺寸limiting deviations极限偏差limiting element转向轮廓素线LIN linear 线性的、直线的line segment 线段line styles 线型linearity直线性lines in planes线在面上L-iron角铁local (broken-out) sectional view局部剖视图location by dimension 定位尺寸location dimension尺寸定位lock nut防松螺母lock screw锁紧螺钉locking device锁紧装置LONG longitude 经度(线)long dashed dotted thin line 点画线long dashed double dotted thin line 双点画线lower-case letters 小写字母lower deviation下偏差lower limit下限(值)lubricant pump齿轮油泵。
手压阀
装配是机械制造中最后决定产品质量的重要工艺过程,既使是全部合格的零件,如果装配不当,也不能形成质量合格的产品。而当今,各种先进的计算机辅助工具(CAD、CAM、CAE等)以及制造仿真软件层出不穷,与传统的产品开发过程相比,它们的应用减少了产品的开发消耗和开发周期,降低了成本,较好地适应了现代制造业中柔性、快捷及高质量的要求。但这些还不能完全支持可视化装配过程,从而影响机械设计和制造的最终完成。因此,企业需要一个直观、逼真的装配环境,对产品的可装配性进行虚拟验证,所以,机械虚拟装配技术应运而生。
2.1
与一般的装配仿真相比较,虚拟装配技术有着明显的区别。一般的装配仿真是在预先建立的仿真模型下将零部件组装在一起,首先是构建仿真的环境,接着预先编制产品的装配顺序,最后进行仿真组装。在这仿真的过程中没有人为的参与,装配仿真验证的只是产品在装配过程中是否发生干涉,仿真的效果完全依赖于预先建立的仿真模型,信息量少,局限性很大。相比之下,虚拟装配系统突出人的因素在虚拟装配中的重要性,尽量将装配技术人员的经验、专业知识融入装配系统。在虚拟装配过程,不仅要验证产品设计和装配的可行性,即可装配,还要寻找、验证设计和装配的科学性,即定出最优的设计方案和装配顺序。因此虚拟装配技术可称为人机一体的装配智能系统。其装配过程不同。在传统的CAD系统下,装配技术人员是通过鼠标拾取零件模型上的几何元素,根据菜单指定两个零件的约束关系,让系统自动计算两个零件间的位置关系,然后进行几何变换将待装配零件移动到目标位置,完成装配。在这过程中,装配技术人员无法感受到装配过程,系统也不能按照一条没有碰撞的路径将待装配的零件移动到目标位置。传统CAD系统中不考虑零件间的干涉,如按照传统CAD环境下的装配顺序来制定现实的装配顺序,往往是不可行的。在虚拟装配技术系统中,装配技术人员直接抓取虚拟零件,沿着一条没有碰撞的、优化的路径将待装配零件移动到目标位置,检测零件之间的干涉情况,并且融入了装配技术人员的经验、专业知识,由此获得的装配顺序一般是可行的和优化的。
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1、阀体2、球头3、手柄 4、销钉 5、筏杆 6、锁紧螺母 7、弹簧 8、胶垫9、调节螺母
二、按照装配图所示的装配关系将9个零件进行装配
三、按照图1阀体所示的零件图生成工程图
1
2
4
5
8
3
9
6
7
室外课堂内容
质的特征
质的感觉
举例肌理反光Fra bibliotek软硬1
粗
暗
硬
凝重、坚固、粗犷
铸铁件
2
粗
暗
软
温和、舒适、软弱
皮革、纺织品
3
细
光
硬
精密、坚硬、富丽、冷硬
金属件抛光、精密
4
细
光
软
滑爽、柔软、轻快
丝绸、金属箔
5
细
暗
硬
雅致、朴实、温和
金属亚光、无光处理、喷砂、发蓝
6
细
暗
软
平易、细致、柔弱
橡胶、软质FVC
根据以上列表找寻六大类不同的代表性材料