中国财政科学研究院2020年《英语》考博专业课真题试卷
财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业吕旺实投资经济与财政考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业吕旺实投资经济与财政考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业计划招收博士生43人，下设4个研究方向，分别为财政理论与政策、财政理论与税收、宏观调控与财政、投资经济与财政。
二、考试的科目专业代码、名称及研究方向指导教师招生人数考试科目14投资经济与财政吕旺实2 1.英语、日语、俄语、法语、德语任选一。
2.专业基础知识：经济学综合（包括政治经济学和西方经济学）。
3.专业知识：投资经济与财政（包括财政基础理论、投资理论与政策）。
三、导师介绍吕旺实，男，1954年10月出生。
博士学位。
博导、研究员职称。
现任财政部财政科学研究所外国财政研究室主任。
学术兼职：财政学会外国财政研究委员会秘书长。
主要研究领域：外国财政。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁，二肆壹，二二六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：8
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题By the time you arrive in London, we ______ in Europe for two weeks.问题1选项A.shall stayB.have stayedC.will have stayedD.have been staying【答案】C【解析】考查时态。
句意：等你到达伦敦的时候，我们已经在欧洲待两个星期了。
将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作；其结构为主语+shall/will have been+表语。
根据语境，动作在将来某一时间前已经完成，C选项will have stayed符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.翻译题46. 当有人对我说，他们喜爱动物是因为动物有感情，然后又虐待动物，我就对他们说，幸亏他们不喜欢我。
(4 points)47. 贫困国家转变富裕国家靠的是投资开发自然资源，并借助教育和技术的转移项目提高人力资源和技术资源。
(5 points)48. 有一些人，他们之所以关心经济发展，或是因为他们认为发展经济是发展中国家人民需要实现的目标，或是因为他们认为只有经济增长率达到令人满意的程度才能保证政治稳定。
(5 points)49. 失去理想是人们可能会犯的一个重大错误，这就是为什么我们应该奋力向前并且相信我们自己，无论选定的目标看起来多么遥不可及，我们都应争取实现。
(6 points) 【答案】46. When people tell me that they love animals because animals have feelings, but torture them, I tell them it’s a good thing they don’t like me.47. The transition from poor to rich countries is achieved by investment in the development of natural resources and the promotion human and technological resources through education and technology transfer projects.48. There are those who are concerned about economic development, either because they believe that economic development is a goal that people in developing countries need to achieve, or because they believe that political stability can be ensured only if the economic growth rate reaches a satisfactory level.49. Losing our ideals is a big mistake people can make, which is why we should push forward and believe in ourselves. No matter how reachless the chosen goal may seem, we should strive to achieve it.3.翻译题Section B: Chinese to English (20 points)Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET. 41. 最近，国际货币基金组织的负责人申明，面对各国政府保护主义上升势头，各国领导人之间的全球合作和互相理解，对提升目前的经济复苏是必须的。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第1期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Thomas Edison’s first patented invention was a device ______ in Congress.问题1选项A.for counting votesB.that counting votesC.counts votesD.counted votes【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。
句意：托马斯•爱迪生的第一个专利发明是在国会计算选票的装置。
A选项for counting votes表明了装置的目的，放在句子里作后置定语，符合逻辑和语法，故正确。
B选项that counting votes用that引导定语从句应该使用谓语动词counts而不是表示主动语态的非谓语动词counting，故错误；同理，C选项counts votes应该添加that，故错误。
D选项counted votes的被动语态不符合装置主动发出计票动作的语境，故错误。
因此A选项正确。
2.翻译题40. 地球快速变暖到了非常严峻的程度，而世界上最贫穷的国家成了极端气候的最大受害者。
未来的气候变化可能带来更频繁和更严重的洪涝、旱灾和其他极端气候事件，发展中国家至今还没有良好的能力对付它们。
41. 即使现在，地球上最贫穷的十亿人口所产生的排放只占全球排放的3%，而最富有的十亿人口占了全球排放的50%。
全球还有16亿人口无法获得现代能源，没有能源，国家就不能繁荣。
富国只有采取强有力的行动以腾出一些大气层的“污染空间”，当低收入国家在将来开始更多排放时，才可能使全球排放达到重新平衡。
42. 未来十年发生的事情将深刻影响可供我们后代进行的选择。
延迟或不采取行动的代价是非常高的，我们必须现在就行动，必须用全人类的聪明才智和合作精神，来对付气候危机。
43. 虽然越来越多的人都知道气候变暖，相信需要采取行动，但很少有人把它放在首位，太多的人在机会面前并没有采取行动。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：7
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题______ he gave up the speech.问题1选项A.At a loss for a wordB.While at a loss for a wordC.When at a loss for a wordD.If at a loss for a word【答案】A【解析】考查原因状语。
句意：他想不出一个词来，只好放弃演讲。
横线部分是原因状语。
根据选项内容可知横线部分不是从句而是短语，句子还原成：He gave up the speech at a loss for a word. A选项At a loss for a word符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题What do you think of Tom’s proposal that ______ put on the play at tonight’s ceremony?问题1选项A.we will notB.we notC.we hadn’tD.we wouldn’t 【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。
句意：汤姆提议我们不在今晚的典礼上演出，你觉得怎么样?“一个坚持（insist）、两个命令（order, command）、三个建议（advise, suggest, propose）、四个要求（demand, require, request, ask）”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略，所以B选项we not符合题意。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题Their signing of the treaty was regarded as conspiracy against the British Crown.问题1选项A.secret planB.bold attackC.clever designD.joint effort【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题(36) For many, the global financial and economic crisis has confirmed existing anti-globalization sentiments and is being reflected in opposition to more liberalized trade. Under the dislocation caused by the financial crisis, many countries are attempting to curtail imports or impose other restrictions on trade. At both the G-20 Leaders’ Summit and the meetings of finance ministers and central bank governors, participants agreed to fight all forms of protectionism and maintain open trade. However, in March 2009, World Trade Organization Director-General Pascal Lamy stated that members of the WTO were showing a “worrying tendency toward increased trade protectionism as a result of the deepening global economic crisis.”(37) The overt forms of protectionism or beggar-thy-neighbor policies are limited by rules countries have agreed to as members of the WTO. However, there is ample scope, for increases in trade barriers that are consistent with WTO rules and obligations, including increases in applied tariffs to higher bound levels. If all WTO members raised their currently applied tariff to today’s WTO bound rates, tariffs worldwide would double. The WTO has said that such increases in trade barriers could cause world trade to shrink by up to 8% and reduce global welfare by up to $350 billion.Almost any government intervention into economic activity affects international trade and capital flows. Since government intervention generally is influenced by political considerations and may involve tax dollars, it usually favors domestic constituencies at the expense of foreign constituencies. (38) A danger in the process of recovering from the global financial crisis is that countries may try to capture a larger share of a declining volume of international trade rather than attempt to induce recovery in trade flows by helping their macro-economies return to health. In the United States, the “BUY American” provision in the February 2009 stimulus package has been characterized by some as a step down the slippery slope leading to protectionism and a sign, worrying to many, that the United States may not be a leader of the free-trade initiatives in the years ahead. The European Union has raised questions about whether its provisions are compatible with U.S. international trade commitments even though the provision applies only to steel, iron, and manufactured goods used in construction projects and language was included that the provision “shall be applied in a manner consistent with United States obligations under internatio nal agreements.” (39) The criticism from other nations of this provision appears to be based on both its presumed effects and the fear that even a relatively small “Buy American” provision at this time could set a precedent that could open the floodgates and provide the excuse for a cycle of “creeping protectionism” by other nations.【答案】36. 对许多人来说，全球金融和经济危机证实了现有的反全球化情绪，并且反映在反对更加自由化的贸易。
中国财政科学研究院-2018年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试-英语试题
中国财政科学研究院-2018年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试-英语试题中国财政科学研究院2018年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part One: Structure and Writing Expression (15 points):Directions:There are 15 multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. None of these students, including the one who passed today’s test ________ is thestandard of last year’s students.A. toB. up toC. withD. on2. The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period on recoveryfrom a recession, but the conditions that conspired to cause the recession were also ________.A. hearteningB. fascinatingC. ambiguousD. atypical3. The stock market declined sharply, and rampant business investment slumped.Then an ensuing spate on scandals ________ public trust in the way companies were run.A. consolidatedB. illuminatedC. weakenedD. celebrated4. And yet, despite these powerful ________ to growth, the recession provedsurprisingly mild.A.CounterforceB. stimulantsC. concomitantsD. manipulation5. The governor might conceivably find a genuine resolution to the budgetarydilemma, but she may be tempted to engage in a deception: a ________ exercise in fiscal prudence.A. rigorousB. blatantC. speciousD. convincing6. While the company’s CEO professes to be confident and urges the deal forward,its investors are unlikely to be so ________ about its prospects. Many were uncomfortable at the way the corporation was forced to spend much of its capitalin last year’s expansion, and this new venture is potentially even more risky.A. apatheticB. sanguineC. apprehensiveD. anxious7. Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily ________:each may, and usually does, possess features of the other.A. subversiveB. efficaciousC. untenableD. dichotomous8. The national bank has been uncommonly powerful in comparison to itscounterparts in other nations. It retains this potency partly because its contr ol of the nation’s banking system is unencumbered by governmental interference, and thus its actions remain largely ________.A. discretionaryB. bureaucraticC. compulsoryD. lucrative9. Although the insistence on balancing spending against tax revenues hascontributed to the economy’s stagnation, unfortunately, the government does not seem likely to ________ this rigid policy.A. persist inB. initiateC. repudiateD. continue10. You cannot be ________ careful when you drive a car.A. veryB. tooC. soD. enough11. You have nothing to ________ by refusing to listen to our advice.A. gainB. graspC. seizeD. earn12. We have planned an exciting publicity ______ with our advertisers.A. struggleB. conflictC. battleD. campaign13. Even the cleverest use of time management techniques is powerless to ________the sum of minutes in a person’s life (over 52 million, optimistically assuming a life expectancy of 100 years), so people squeeze as much as they could into each one of them.A. augmentB. quantifyC. enrichD. justify14. Many innovative breakthroughs come about when people venture beyond theirown areas of expertise, because often it takes an outsider to ask the na?ve question that may yield _______ solution.A. a constructiveB. an unconventionalC. an agreeableD. a practical15. People tend to ________ how distinct their own lives are,so the commonalitythey enjoy with other people seem to them a series of small miracles.A. denyB. overlookC. exaggerateD. ignorePart Two: Reading Comprehension (20 Points)Directions:In this section there are 4 passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage 1 (5 points)One of the principal themes of Walzer's critique of liberal capitalism is that it is insufficiently egalitarian. Walzer's case against the economic inequality generated by capitalism and in favor of "a radical redistribution of wealth" is presented in a widely cited essay entitled "In Defense of Equality.”The most striking feature of Walzer's critique is that, far from rejecting the principle of reward according to merit, Walzer insists on its validity. People who excel should receive the superior benefits appropriate to their excellence. But people exhibit a great variety of qualities----"intelligence, physical strength, agility and grace, artistic creativity, mechanical skill, leadership, endurance, memory, psychological insight, the capacity for hard work----even moral strength, sensitivity, the ability to express compassion." Each deserves its proper recompense, and hence a proper distribution of material goods should reflect human differences as measured on all these different scales. Yet, under capitalism, the ability to make money ("the green thumb ofbourgeois society") enables its possessor to acquire almost "every other sort of social good," such as the respect and esteem of others.The centerpiece of Walzer’s argument is the invocation of a quotation from Pascal's Pensees, which concludes: "Tyranny is the wish to obtain by one means what can only be had by another." Pascal believes that we owe different duties to different qualities. So we might say that infatuation is the proper response to charm, and awe the proper response to strength. In this light, Walzer characterizes capitalism as the tyranny of money (or of the ability to make it). And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality "the abolition of the power of money outside its sphere". What Walzer envisions is a society in which wealth is no longer convertible into social goods with which it has no intrinsic connection. Walzer’s argument is a puzzling one. After all, why should those qualities unrelated to the production of material goods be rewarded with material goods? Is it not tyrannical, in Pascal’s sense, to insist that those who excel in "sensitivity” or "the ability to express compassion" merit equal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as "the capacity for hard work") essential in producing wealth? Yet Walzer's argument, however deficient, does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism----namely, that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards, often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable: in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental inproducing the increase in its wealth.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.问题1选项A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civilityD.hostility【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项tenacity“固执”；B选项curiosity“好奇”；C选项civility“礼貌”；D选项hostility“敌意”。
句意：他与老板打交道时，他的言行完全缺乏礼貌，一点都不机智圆滑。
C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景，和courtesy“礼貌”同义，符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题Bankers have been blaming themselves for their trouble in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives”. Yet ban k shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls “the use of judgment by managers.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McGreevy, a European commissioner, warmed the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” an d that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But banks’ shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.31. Bankers complained that they were forced to ________.32. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in ________.33. According to Paragraph 4, McGreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to ________.34. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they ________.35. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is the one of ________.A.follow unfavorable asset evaluation rulesB.collect payments from third partiesC.cooperate with the price managersD.reevaluate some of their assets问题2选项A.the diminishing role of managementB.the revival of the banking systemC.the banks’ long-term asset lossesD.the weakening of its independence问题3选项A.keep away from political influencesB.evade the pressure from their peersC.act on their own in rule-settingD.take gradual measures in reform问题4选项A.misinterpreted marked price indicatorsB.exaggerated the real value of their assetsC.neglected the likely existence of bad debtsD.denied booking losses in their sale of assets问题5选项A.satisfactionB.skepticismC.objectivenessD.sympathy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】31.事实细节题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第83期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。
42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。
43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。
44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。
45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。
【答案】41. In order to invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure, we must comprehensively deepen reform.42. Despite the slowdown in the growth of government revenue and increased pressure on expenditures, we must continue to put people first, sustaining increases to spending in areas that are important to improving standards of living.43. Efforts should be made to promote Public-Private-Partnership in infrastructure, public utilities and other areas.44. We will fully promote the law-based governance of the country; move more swiftly to build an innovative, clean, service-oriented rule of law government.45. There is enormous potential in China’s market for energy conservation and environmental protection; energy conservation and environmental protection industry can develop into a new pillar of the economy.2.单选题We held a meeting to sum up our experience ______ we finish the work.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.whileC.immediatelyD.before【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。
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You can choose one topic from the following two topics，and write a composition. You are allowed an hour (or 60 minutes) to write, and you should write no less than 300 words.
Topic 1: Deglobalization Will Hurt Economic Growth
Directions: The post-pandemic world economy seems likely to be a far less globalized economy, with political leaders and publics rejecting openness in a manner unlike anything seen since the tariff wars and competitive devaluations of the 1930s. And the byproduct will be not just slower growth, but a significant fall in national incomes for all but perhaps the largest and most diversified economies.
You can make comments to the dangers of deglobalization or anti-globalization bias, etc. Please give your opinion to support your arguments.
Topic 2: Fiscal Deficits Monetized
Directions: Over the last decade, the world economy has experienced a steady build-up of debt, now amounting to 230 percent of global GDP. According to the World Bank’s data, emerging economies, which have amassed a record debt-to-GDP ratio of 170%, are particularly vulnerable.
Financier George Soros’s proposal for EU perpetual bonds, or Consols, would alleviate this problem, but it would not solve it. Others, including mainstream economists such as Adair Turner, the former chairman of the UK Financial Services Authority, have called for “helicopter drops”: direct cash transfers to consumers through central-bank-financed fiscal deficits.
In China, we are also having debt issues, the question of whether China needs more expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to achieve an adequate level of growth will return to the agenda. As recently debated, fiscal deficits monetized by central banks should be used to issue Special Treasury Bonds.
You can make comments to the proposal of fiscal deficits monetized. Please give your opinion to support your arguments.。