南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试
2008年南京初中毕业生学业考试

2008年江苏省南京市初中毕业生学业考试物理试卷一、选择题(每题的四个选项中,只有一个正确答案.共15 题,每题2 分,计30 分)1.下图所示家庭用电的一些做法中,符合安全用电的是2.小明在学习“从粒子到宇宙”的知识后,有下列认识,其中正确的是A.雪花漫天飞舞说明分子在做无规则运动B.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构系统,地球是宇宙的中心C.将两个表面光滑的铅块相互紧压后,它们会黏在一起,说明分子间有吸引力D.电子的尺度比原子的尺度大3.如图所示,舞台上经常用喷撒干冰(固态二氧化碳)的方法制造白雾以渲染气氛.对“白雾”的形成,小明的解释是:(1)干冰升华吸热使周围环境温度降低.(2)气态二氧化碳液化形成白雾.以上解释中A.第一句话存在科学性错误B.第二句话存在科学性错误C.两句话都存在科学性错误D.两句话都没有科学性错误4.关于声现象,下列说法中正确的是A.“闻其声而知其人”主要是根据声音的响度来判断的B.敲锣时用力越大,声音的音调越高C.市区内某些路段“禁鸣喇叭”,这是在声音传播的过程中减弱噪声D.用声波能粉碎人体内的“小石头”,说明声波具有能量5.下图所示的现象中,由于光的直线传播而形成的是6.物理知识渗透于我们的生活,以下警示语中,与惯性知识无关..的是A.汽车后窗贴有“保持车距”B.公路旁立有“雨天路滑,减速慢行”C.公共场所标有“禁止吸烟”D.交通规则写有“行车时系好安全带”7.下图所示的做法中,属于用做功的方法改变物体内能的是8.根据下表所提供的数据,在标准大气压下,以下判断正确的是A.80 ℃的酒精是液态B.气温接近-50 ℃时.应选用水银做温度计的测温液体C.-39℃的水银吸热,温度可能不变D.铅的凝固点是-328℃9.如图所示,将木块放在粗糙程度相同的水平桌面上,小华沿直线水平匀速拉动木块,在木块运动过程中A.木块对桌面的压力大于木块受到的重力B.木块受到的滑动摩擦力大小保持不变C.绳对木块的拉力大于桌面对木块的摩擦力D.绳对木块的拉力和木块对绳的拉力是一对平衡10.下图所示是课本中的几个实脸,演示磁场对通电导体有力的作用的是11.下列数据中,符合事实的是A.南京夏天室内的最高气温可达60℃B.家用台灯正常工作时灯丝中的电流约为2AC.一名普通中学生的质量约为500kgD.正常人1min 的心跳约70 次12.根据力与运动的关系,下图中小明和小华的观点A.小明正确B.小华正确C.都正确D.都不正确13.下图所示的事例中,物体机械能增加的是14.如图甲所示,在一只薄塑料袋中装水过半(未满),用细线扎紧袋口,用弹簧测力计测得其所受重力为9N ;再将这个装水的塑料袋浸入烧杯内的水中,如图乙所示,当弹簧测力计示数为6N 时,袋内水面与烧杯中的水面相比(不计塑料袋和细线的重)A.比烧杯中的水面高B.比烧杯中的水面低C.与烧杯中的水面相平D.高低无法判断15.如图所示电路,电阻R1标有“6Ω1A ,”R2标有" 3Ω1.2A " ,电流表A1、A2的量程均为0—3A ,电压表盘程0—15V ,在a 、b 间接入电压可调的直流电源.闭合开关S 后,为保证R 1、R2均不损坏,则允许加的电源电压和通过电流表A1的电流不得超过A.9V 1A B.3. 6V 1. 8AC.9. 6V 1A D.3. 6V 0. 6A二、填空题(共5分,每空1分.计18 分)16 . 2007 年8 月26 日,南京市20 名学生代表利用业余电台与太空中国际空间站上的宇航员成功对话.对话时用电台发射并接收波来传递信息,这种波在真空中的传.速m,其频率越离,波长越·度为s17.一只标有“2. 5V 0. 3A”的小电灯和滑动变阻器串联接在电压为6V 的电源两端.调节滑动变阻器使小电灯两端电压为V 时,灯正常发光,此时灯1min 消耗的电能为J .再调节滑动变阻器使灯两端电压为1 . 5V 时,灯的亮度与正常发光相比(选填“变亮”、“变暗”或“不变”).18.下图所示是由大量反射镜组成的太阳能发电装置,图中各个反射镜由计算机控制,使反射的太阳光聚集在塔顶的集热器(锅炉)上,集热器中的水变成水蒸气后推动汽轮机,从而带动发电机发电.(l)太阳能属于(选“可”或“不可”)再生能源.(2)这个装置中反射镜的作用是改变.(3)水蒸气推动汽轮机的过程中,将能转化为能.(4)发电机是利用原理发电的.19.一物体质量为18kg ,其所受重力为N .如图所示.小明用定滑轮将该物体在4s 内匀速提高2m ,所用拉力为200N ,此过程中.小明做的有用功是J .定滑轮的机械效率是,拉力的功率是W . (取g==10N / kg )20.下图所示的电路中,R1、R2均为定值电阻,电源电压不变.闭合开关S1、S2两电表均有示数.再断开开关S2,则电流表示数,电压表示数.电压表与电流表示数之比(本题每空均选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”)三、作圈.(共4分,每题2 分.计8 分)21.如图所示,物体A 静止在水平地面上,在图中画出它所受重力的示意图.22.如图所示,小明通过一平面镜看到了桌子下面的小球.图中画出了入射光线和反射光线,但未标出光的传播方向.在图中用箭头标出光的传播方向,并根据光的反射定律画出平面镜.l和阻力F2的示意图.23.下图为用螺丝刀撬图钉的示意图,在图中画出动力F1的力臂124.下图中,根据通电螺线管的磁感线方向,标出电源的正极和小磁针的N 极.四、探究与实验题(共9 题,33 题5 分,其余各题每空1 分,计28 分)25.观察图中的四幅图,将测量结果或示数写在相应空格处.(l)体温计示数℃(2)测力计示数N(3)木块长度cm(4)电阻箱示数26.如图所示,将一把金属叉子拴在一根约1m长的线的中间.把线的两端分别缠绕在双手的食指上,缠绕多圈,插入耳朵.然后让叉子撞到坚硬的物体上,等它垂下把线拉直时,你就可以听到敲钟似的响声.通过撞击,金属叉子发声,声音主要通过传递到人耳.27.如图所示,把一张半卷着的硬纸片摆放在桌子上,如果使劲吹一下它的下面,可以发现硬纸片不会翻转过去.这是因为流体的压强与流体流动的有关,吹出的气使硬纸片下面空气的压强(选填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”).28.如图所示.在“研究充水玻璃管中气泡的运动规律”实验中:(1)气泡上升过程中,若以气泡为参照物,玻璃管口的塞子是(选填“运动”或“静止”)的.(2)若测得气泡从管子的底端运动到顶端的路程为56cm.所用的时间为7s ,则在这个过m;程中气泡的平均速变为s(3)为了判断气泡是否做匀速直线运动,需要测量气泡运动的路程和时间,为便于测量,应使气泡在管内运动得较(选填“快”或“慢”)。
南京中考英语真题(2008)

南京中考英语真题(2008) 南京市2008年初中毕业⽣学业考试 英语 (满分110分,考试时间120分钟) ⼀、听⼒:略 ⼆、选择填空(本题共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分。
) 21.More and more foreign students come to China to learn ________ Chinese.A.aB.anC.theD.不填 22.________ May 27th,2008,millions of people watched the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay in Nanjing.A.OnB.InC.AtD.For 23.—Lisa,________ you speak French? —Yes,but only a little.A.needB.mustC.mayD.can 24.His name is James but he calls ________ Jim.A.hisB.himselfC.himD.不填 st week our geography teacher told us ________ more information about how to protect the environment.A.getB.gotC.to getD.getting 26.It is reported that the Underground Line NO.3 ________ in our city in 2010.A.will buildB.has builtC.will be builtD.has been built 27.—I’ll be away on holiday.Would you mind looking after my parrot? —Not at a11.________。
A.I’ve no timeB.I’d rather notC.You can leaveD.I’d be glad to 28.—Where is the comic book? —I brought it to you ________ you were in the reading room yesterday.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.before 29.________ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a 30.My pet dog sometimes makes lots of noise and ________ me when I do my homework.A.showsB.disturbsC.remembersD.refuses 31.—Did you see a girl in white pass by just now? —No,sir.I ________a newspaper.A.readB.was readingC.would readD.am reading 32.—Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her? —Because she wondered ________. A.where did the other students go B.when would the policeman come C.what her students have done during the trip D.if her students had survived the earthquake 33.Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much ________ she was getting.A.heavyB.heavierC.the heavierD.the heaviest 34.—The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. —But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ________.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody 35.—Julia,will you please go and empty that drawer? —________?A.How is itB.How muchC.What forD.What is it 三、完形填空(共10⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分10分) In America.where labor(劳⼯) costs are so high.“do-it-yourself”is a way of life.Many people 36 their own cars,build their own garages,and even rebuild their own houses. 37 many of them will also write their own books.In Hollywood there is a 38 that publishes(出版) children's books with the help of computers. 39 other book companies also publish that way.this company is not like the others. It 40 the reader to become the main character with the help of computers.Here is 41 they do it.Let us suppose a child is named Hody.The computer uses this information to make up a story 42 pictures.The story is then printed up.“This book is about me,”a child who 43 such a book might say.So the company is called the“Me-Books Publishing Company”. 44 like me-books because they like to see in print their own names,their pictures and the names of their friends and their pets.But more 45 ,in this Way,readers are much more interested in reading the stories.Me-books are helping children to learn how to read. 36.A.make B.build C.buy D.repair 37.A.Otherwise B.Only C.0nce D.Soon 38.A.director B.person pany puter 39.A.However B.Although C.That D.Unless 40.A.allows B.hates C.hires D.pays 41.A.what B.how C.why D.where 42.A.with B.about C.for D.except 43.A.prints B.borrows C.sells D.receives 44.A.Writers B.Children panies D.Friends 45.A.impossible B.imaginative C.important D.inactive 四、阅读理解(共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分) May has just moved to Sunshine Town.Read the map below and help her find the way. 46.The museum is ________.A.on York StreetB.beside the pet shopC.next to the hospitalD.between the bookshop and the library 47.If she wants to see a doctor,she can go to the hospital on ________.A.Hill StreetB.Ada'm StreetC.York StreetD.King Street 48.The nearest place for the students at school to buy stationery is ________.A.the shopping mallB.the shoe shopC.the post officeD.the supermarket 49.The park,a nice place in the town,is ________.A.south of the cinemaB.north of the libraryC.south-west of the museumD.north-east of the post office 50.Start from A,walk along Adam Street.turn left at the second crossing,and she will find ________.A.the park on the leftB.the cinema on the rightC.the library on the leftD.the bookshop on the right B Science fiction is a popular kind of writing,and many people think of Jules Verne as the father of science fiction.He was born in France in 1828.His father wanted him to become a lawyer,but from his early twenties Verne decided to become a writer.At first he wrote plays for the theater.Then,in 1863,he wrote a story called Fire Weeks in a Balloon.The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth(1864) and From the Earth to the Moon(1865). In the 19th century.many people were interested in science and inventions.Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and,as a result,they were very popular.Verne's writing included many predictions(预⾔) for the 20th century and many of them came true.He described space flight,movies and air conditioning,a long time before they appeared.These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies.20 000 Leagues Under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney.It was the first Disney movie to use real actors instead of cartoon drawings.Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books.The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg.For him,the most important thing is to be always on time! 51.What does the phrase“the father of science fiction”mean? A.The father who has several children. B.The man Who loves science and inventions. C.The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D.The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. 52.What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A.The plays he wrote for the theater. B.The encouragement from his father. C.The success of Fire Weeks in a Balloon. D.The scientific subjects in his stories. 53.Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A.Because his books made him rich and famous. B.Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C.Because his books have been the subjects for many movies. D.Because many people were interested in science and inventions. 54.Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A.Five Weeks in a Balloon. B.Around the world in Eighty Days. C.A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D.From the Earth to the Moon. 55.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE? A.Jules Verne only wrote plays in the 19th century. B.Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true. C.The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. D.The space flight Verne described was different from others. C Gloria is a famous hostess of a TV station.When she was 15,she happened to walk into a bookstore in her hometown and began looking at the books on the shelves.The man behind the counter,John Smith,asked if she'd like a job.She needed to start saving for college,so she said yes. Gloria worked after school and during summer vacations,and the job helped pay for her first year of college.During college she would do many other jobs:she served coffee in the student union ,was a hotel cleaner and even made maps for the Forest Service.But selling books was one of the most satisfying jobs. One day a woman came into the bookstore and asked Gloria for books on cancer. The woman seemed anxious.Gloria showed her practically everything they had and found other books they could order.The woman left the store less worried,and Gloria has always remembered the pride(⾃豪) she felt in having helped her customer(顾客). Years later,as a television hostess,Gloria heard about a child who was born with problems with his fingers and hand.His family could not afford an operation,and the boy lived in shame,hiding his hand in his pocket all the time. Gloria persuaded(说服) her boss to agree to let her do the story.After the story was broadcast,some doctors called,offering to perform the operation for free. Gloria visited the boy in the hospital after the operation.The first thing he did was to hold up his repaired hand andsay,“Thank you.”What a sweet sense of satisfaction Gloria felt! At Smith's bookstore,Gloria always realized she was working for the customers,not the store.Today it's the same.The TV station pays her,but she feels that she should work for the people who watch the programmes,helping them understand the world better. 56.When did Gloria get her first job? A.A few years before college. B.Several years after college C.When she was studying at college. D.When she was working in the TV station. 57.In which part-time job did Gloria feel the happiest? A.Cleaning in the hotel. B.Selling books in the bookstore. C.Serving coffee in the student union . D.Making maps for the Forest Service. 58.What does the word“she”in the third paragraph refer to(所指)?A.The boss.B.The woman.C.Gloria.D.The doctor. 59.How did Gloria help the child get the operation he needed? A.Her boss agreed to raise money. B.She paid for the operation herself. C.She allowed the boy to show on TV. D.Her news report affected some doctors. 60.What particularly gives her the feeling of pride? A.Helping people through her work. B.Reporting interesting stories. C.Being able to do different jobs well. D.Paying for her college education herself. 五、填空(共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分) (A)根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词.并将答案写在标号为61~65相应的横线上。
南京2008年初中毕业生学业考试

南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试语文满分120分,考试时间120分钟。
一、(25分)1.用课文原句填空。
(10分)(1)关关雎鸠,。
(《诗经·关雎》)(2)人则无法家拂士,,国恒亡。
(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)(3),悠然见南山。
(陶渊明《饮酒(其五)》)(4)海内存知己,。
(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)(5)长风破浪会有时,。
(李白《行路难(其一)》)(6),似曾相识燕归来。
(晏殊《浣溪沙》)(7),在乎山水之间也。
(欧阳修《醉翁亭记》)(8)但愿人长久,。
(苏轼《水调歌头》)(9)了却君王天下事,。
(辛弃疾《破阵子》)(10)奥运会即将在京举办,这是举国欢庆的盛事。
我们可以用《〈论语〉十则》中“,”来表达对全世界朋友的欢迎之情。
班级开展“人间有爱”的专题活动,请你参与,完成2~6题。
【爱心抒怀】2.下面是小军写的一段演讲稿,请按要求答题。
(6分)汶川,这个陌生的名字,连带着崩裂的山体□倒tā()的房屋和被废墟掩埋的躯体,猝.()然刺痛了我们的神经!灾难中的土地,我们为你心痛如割彻夜难眠□灾难中的同胞,我们为你神情悲恸双目噙泪。
我们愿棒出一颗颗炽.()热的心,伸出一双双热情的手,与你们心手相连,bó()击风雨!(1)给加点字注音,按拼音写汉字。
(2)依次在方框中填入所缺的标点。
【爱心奉献】3.小勇搜集到以下材料,请为其补充一两句议论性文字。
(2分)汶川一震,举国悲痛。
各界人士都在第一时间伸出了援助之手。
飞人刘翔两次共捐出了350万元,还想着为灾区人民再做些实事。
主持人倪萍捐出了100万元,还在带动更多的人去募捐。
火炬手金晶捐献了6000元,她只是刚刚找到了一份正式的工作。
有个路人给了一位卖艺人100元钱,那位艺人道谢之后,转身就将钱投入了不远的赈灾捐款箱。
100元不算多,但也许已是那位街头艺人平时好几天的收入……有捐款,就有数额;有数额,就有高低。
此高彼低,你厚我薄,难免会有些议论。
南京中考英语真题(2008)

南京中考英语真题(2008) 南京市2008年初中毕业⽣学业考试 英语 (满分110分,考试时间120分钟) ⼀、听⼒:略 ⼆、选择填空(本题共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分。
) 21.More and more foreign students come to China to learn ________ Chinese.A.aB.anC.theD.不填 22.________ May 27th,2008,millions of people watched the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay in Nanjing.A.OnB.InC.AtD.For 23.—Lisa,________ you speak French? —Yes,but only a little.A.needB.mustC.mayD.can 24.His name is James but he calls ________ Jim.A.hisB.himselfC.himD.不填 st week our geography teacher told us ________ more information about how to protect the environment.A.getB.gotC.to getD.getting 26.It is reported that the Underground Line NO.3 ________ in our city in 2010.A.will buildB.has builtC.will be builtD.has been built 27.—I’ll be away on holiday.Would you mind looking after my parrot? —Not at a11.________。
A.I’ve no timeB.I’d rather notC.You can leaveD.I’d be glad to 28.—Where is the comic book? —I brought it to you ________ you were in the reading room yesterday.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.before 29.________ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a 30.My pet dog sometimes makes lots of noise and ________ me when I do my homework.A.showsB.disturbsC.remembersD.refuses 31.—Did you see a girl in white pass by just now? —No,sir.I ________a newspaper.A.readB.was readingC.would readD.am reading 32.—Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her? —Because she wondered ________. A.where did the other students go B.when would the policeman come C.what her students have done during the trip D.if her students had survived the earthquake 33.Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much ________ she was getting.A.heavyB.heavierC.the heavierD.the heaviest 34.—The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. —But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by ________.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody 35.—Julia,will you please go and empty that drawer? —________?A.How is itB.How muchC.What forD.What is it 三、完形填空(共10⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分10分) In America.where labor(劳⼯) costs are so high.“do-it-yourself”is a way of life.Many people 36 their own cars,build their own garages,and even rebuild their own houses. 37 many of them will also write their own books.In Hollywood there is a 38 that publishes(出版) children's books with the help of computers. 39 other book companies also publish that way.this company is not like the others. It 40 the reader to become the main character with the help of computers.Here is 41 they do it.Let us suppose a child is named Hody.The computer uses this information to make up a story 42 pictures.The story is then printed up.“This book is about me,”a child who 43 such a book might say.So the company is called the“Me-Books Publishing Company”. 44 like me-books because they like to see in print their own names,their pictures and the names of their friends and their pets.But more 45 ,in this Way,readers are much more interested in reading the stories.Me-books are helping children to learn how to read. 36.A.make B.build C.buy D.repair 37.A.Otherwise B.Only C.0nce D.Soon 38.A.director B.person pany puter 39.A.However B.Although C.That D.Unless 40.A.allows B.hates C.hires D.pays 41.A.what B.how C.why D.where 42.A.with B.about C.for D.except 43.A.prints B.borrows C.sells D.receives 44.A.Writers B.Children panies D.Friends 45.A.impossible B.imaginative C.important D.inactive 四、阅读理解(共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分) May has just moved to Sunshine Town.Read the map below and help her find the way. 46.The museum is ________.A.on York StreetB.beside the pet shopC.next to the hospitalD.between the bookshop and the library 47.If she wants to see a doctor,she can go to the hospital on ________.A.Hill StreetB.Ada'm StreetC.York StreetD.King Street 48.The nearest place for the students at school to buy stationery is ________.A.the shopping mallB.the shoe shopC.the post officeD.the supermarket 49.The park,a nice place in the town,is ________.A.south of the cinemaB.north of the libraryC.south-west of the museumD.north-east of the post office 50.Start from A,walk along Adam Street.turn left at the second crossing,and she will find ________.A.the park on the leftB.the cinema on the rightC.the library on the leftD.the bookshop on the right B Science fiction is a popular kind of writing,and many people think of Jules Verne as the father of science fiction.He was born in France in 1828.His father wanted him to become a lawyer,but from his early twenties Verne decided to become a writer.At first he wrote plays for the theater.Then,in 1863,he wrote a story called Fire Weeks in a Balloon.The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth(1864) and From the Earth to the Moon(1865). In the 19th century.many people were interested in science and inventions.Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and,as a result,they were very popular.Verne's writing included many predictions(预⾔) for the 20th century and many of them came true.He described space flight,movies and air conditioning,a long time before they appeared.These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies.20 000 Leagues Under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney.It was the first Disney movie to use real actors instead of cartoon drawings.Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books.The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg.For him,the most important thing is to be always on time! 51.What does the phrase“the father of science fiction”mean? A.The father who has several children. B.The man Who loves science and inventions. C.The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D.The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. 52.What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A.The plays he wrote for the theater. B.The encouragement from his father. C.The success of Fire Weeks in a Balloon. D.The scientific subjects in his stories. 53.Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A.Because his books made him rich and famous. B.Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C.Because his books have been the subjects for many movies. D.Because many people were interested in science and inventions. 54.Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A.Five Weeks in a Balloon. B.Around the world in Eighty Days. C.A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D.From the Earth to the Moon. 55.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE? A.Jules Verne only wrote plays in the 19th century. B.Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true. C.The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. D.The space flight Verne described was different from others. C Gloria is a famous hostess of a TV station.When she was 15,she happened to walk into a bookstore in her hometown and began looking at the books on the shelves.The man behind the counter,John Smith,asked if she'd like a job.She needed to start saving for college,so she said yes. Gloria worked after school and during summer vacations,and the job helped pay for her first year of college.During college she would do many other jobs:she served coffee in the student union ,was a hotel cleaner and even made maps for the Forest Service.But selling books was one of the most satisfying jobs. One day a woman came into the bookstore and asked Gloria for books on cancer. The woman seemed anxious.Gloria showed her practically everything they had and found other books they could order.The woman left the store less worried,and Gloria has always remembered the pride(⾃豪) she felt in having helped her customer(顾客). Years later,as a television hostess,Gloria heard about a child who was born with problems with his fingers and hand.His family could not afford an operation,and the boy lived in shame,hiding his hand in his pocket all the time. Gloria persuaded(说服) her boss to agree to let her do the story.After the story was broadcast,some doctorscalled,offering to perform the operation for free. Gloria visited the boy in the hospital after the operation.The first thing he did was to hold up his repaired hand and say,“Thank you.”What a sweet sense of satisfaction Gloria felt! At Smith's bookstore,Gloria always realized she was working for the customers,not the store.Today it's the same.The TV station pays her,but she feels that she should work for the people who watch the programmes,helping them understand the world better. 56.When did Gloria get her first job? A.A few years before college. B.Several years after college C.When she was studying at college. D.When she was working in the TV station. 57.In which part-time job did Gloria feel the happiest? A.Cleaning in the hotel. B.Selling books in the bookstore. C.Serving coffee in the student union . D.Making maps for the Forest Service. 58.What does the word“she”in the third paragraph refer to(所指)?A.The boss.B.The woman.C.Gloria.D.The doctor. 59.How did Gloria help the child get the operation he needed? A.Her boss agreed to raise money. B.She paid for the operation herself. C.She allowed the boy to show on TV. D.Her news report affected some doctors. 60.What particularly gives her the feeling of pride? A.Helping people through her work. B.Reporting interesting stories. C.Being able to do different jobs well. D.Paying for her college education herself. 五、填空(共15⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分15分) (A)根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词.并将答案写在标号为61~65相应的横线上。
2008年江苏省南京市中考化学试题及答案

南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试化学注意事项;1.本试卷l至4页为选择题,共25分,5至8页为非选择题,共55分。
全卷满分80分。
考试时间为100分钟。
考生答题全部答在答题卡上,答在本试卷上无效。
2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人的相符合,再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,请用橡皮捧干净后,再选涂其它答案。
答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C-12 N—14 O—16 Mg-24 A1-27 Cl-35.5 Cu—64一、选择题(本题共15小题,每小题只有1个选项符合题意。
每小题1分,共15分) 1.宁宁在学习“化学元素与人体健康”后,查阅到如下资料,请你给下表的“*”处选择恰当2.下列物质属于氧化物的是A.02B.CO C.KCl03D.CH3COOH3.当前高效能的砷化镓(GaAs)太阳能电池,产生能量的效率高达33%。
已知GaAs中,As元素化合价为一3价,则Ga元素的化合价为A.-l B.+1 C.+2 D.+34.下列图示实验操作中,正确的是5.今年6月1 日起全国执行“限塑令”,南京市曾在鼓楼广场等地组织宣传活动,发放无纺布袋。
生产无纺布的主要原料为:聚丙烯,聚酯和粘胶等。
下列有关说法不正确的是A.大部分塑料在自然环境中很难降解B.使用无纺布袋有利于减少“白色污染”C.生产无纺布与棉布的原料都是天然纤维D.聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯都属于合成材料6.下列变化中,属于物理变化的是7.下列做法不会危及人体健康的是A.把霉变大米淘净后继续食用B.用甲醛水溶液浸泡水产晶C.根据医嘱适量服用补钙剂D.用聚氯乙烯做食品包装袋8.氢是新型清洁能源,但难储运。
研究发现,镧和镍的一种合金是储氢材料。
2008年南京市初中毕业生学业考试历史试卷

一、单项选择题(在下列各题的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题意的。
每小题1分,共30分)1.考古人员在北京人遗址中发现了大量木炭和几处较大的灰烬堆。
这说明北京人:A.会建造房屋 B.会使用天然火 C.会制造彩陶 D.会种植水稻2.以下是小丽同学对《中国历史》七年级上册第二单元学习内容进行的整理,其中错误的是:A.夏朝出现甲骨文B.西周实行分封制C.孔子创立儒家学派 D.商鞅在秦国主持变法3.为巩固统一,秦始皇与汉武帝在经济方面实施的相同措施是:A.统一文字B.统一货币C.统一度量衡 D.盐铁官营4.图1反映了江南地区得到开发的哪一原因:A.江南社会相对稳定 B.江南自然条件优越C.北方人口大量南迁 D.南方统治者重视农业5.王教授在介绍我国古代某一朝代市民生活的讲座中多次提及“瓦子”、“勾栏”。
他介绍的是哪一朝代的市民生活:A.秦朝 B.汉朝 C.唐朝 D.宋朝6.下列清朝巩固统一多民族国家的措施中,配搭正确的是:A.顺治帝──平定大小和卓叛乱 B.康熙帝──赐予“班禅额尔德尼”封号C.雍正帝──赐予“达赖喇嘛”封号 D.乾隆帝──组织雅克萨之战抗击沙俄7.下列著作中,介绍我国古代农业生产技术的是:A.《九章算术》 B.《水经注》 C.《齐民要术》 D.《本草纲目》8.马克思说:“俄国不花费一文钱,不出动一兵一卒,而能比任何一个参战国(从中国)”得到更多的好处。
这句话指的是俄国在第二次鸦片战争期间:A.取得协定关税特权 B.掠夺圆明园大量珍宝C.获取中国大量赔款 D.割占中国大片领土9.洋务派认为:“自强以练兵为要,练兵又以制器为先。
”洋务运动的内容中能体现“制器为先”的是:A.创办军事工业 B.创办民用工业 C.兴办新式学堂 D.派留学生出国10.“国内专电:免曹(汝霖)令已下。
”此电文反映了1919年哪一运动取得的初步成果:A.戊戌变法运动 B.新文化运动 C.五四运动 D.国民革命运动11.1945年8月,《新华日报》的一篇社论中写道:“八年间的死亡留徙,苦难艰辛,在今天获得了报酬了……接受了他们的无条件投降。
2008年江苏省南京市初中毕业生学业考试(word有答案) 地区通用
南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试物理一、选择题(每题的四个选项中。
只有一个正确答案.共15题,每题2分,计20分) 1.图1所示家庭用电的一些做法中,符合安全用电的是2.小明在学习“从粒子到宇宙”的知识后,有下列认识,其中正确的是A.雪花漫天飞舞说明分子在做无规则运动B.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构系统,地球是宇宙的中心C.将两个表面光滑的铅块相互紧压后,它们会黏在一起,说明分子间有吸引力D.电子的尺度比原子的尺度大3.如图2所示,舞台上经常用喷撒干冰(固态二氧化碳)的方法制造白雾以渲染气氛.对“白雾”的形成,小明的解释是:(1)干冰升华吸热使周围环境温度降低;(2)气态二氧化碳液化形成白雾以上解释中A.第一句话存在科学性错误B.第二句话存在科学性错误C.两句话都存在科学性错误D.两句话都没有科学性错误4.关于声现象,下列说法中正确的是A.“闻其声而知其人”主要是根据声音的响度来判断的B.敲锣时用力越大,声音的音调越高C.市区内某些路段“禁鸣喇叭”,这是在声音传播的过程中减弱噪声D.用声波能粉碎人体内的“小石头”,说明声波具有能量5.图3所示的现象中.由于光的直线传播而形成的是6.物理知识渗透于我们的生活,以下警示语中与惯性知识无关的是A .汽车后窗贴有“保持车距”B .公路旁立有“雨天路滑,减速慢行”C .公共场所标有“禁止吸烟”D .交通规则写有“行车时系好安全带”7.图4所示的做法中,属于用做功的方法改变物体内能的是8.根据右表所提供的数据,在标准大气压下,以下判断正确的是A .80℃的酒精是液态B .气温接近-50℃时.应选用水银做温度计的测温液体C . -39℃的水银吸热,温度可能不变D . 铅的凝固点是-328℃9.如图5所示.将木块放在粗糙程度相同的水平桌面上.小华沿直线水平匀速拉动木块,在木块运动过程中A .木块对桌面的压力大于木块受到的重力B .木块受到的滑动摩擦力大小保持不变C . 绳对木块的拉力大于桌面对木块的摩擦力D .绳对木块的拉力和木块对绳的拉力是一对平衡力10.图6所示是课本中的几个实验.演示磁场对通电导体有力的作用的是11.下列数据中,符合事实的是A .南京夏天室内的最高气温可达60℃B .家用台灯正常工作时灯丝中的电流约为2AC .一名普通小学生的质量约为500kgD .正常人lmin 的心跳约70次12.根据力与运动的关系.图7中小明和小华的观点 物质 熔点/℃ 沸点/℃酒精-117 78 水银-39 357 铅 328 1740(在标准大气压下)13.图8所示的事例中,物体机械能增加的是14.如图9甲所示,在—只薄塑料袋中装水过半(未满),用细线扎紧袋口,用弹簧测力计测得其所受重力为9N;再将这个装水的塑料袋浸入烧杯内的水中,如图9乙所示,当弹簧测力计示数为6N时,袋内水面与烧杯中的水面相比(不计塑料袋和细线的重)A.比烧杯中的水面高B.比烧杯中的水面低C.与烧杯中的水面相平D.高低无法判断15.如图10所示电路,电阻R1标有“6ΩlA”,R2标有“3Ω1.2A”,电流表A1、A2的量程均为0~3A,电压表量程0~15V,在a、b间接人电压可调的直流电源.闭合开关s 后,为保证R1、R2均不损坏,则允许加的电源电压和通过电流表A1的电流不得超过A.9V 1A B.3.6V 1.8AC.9.6V lA D.3.6V 0.6A二、填空题(共5题,每空1分,计18分)16.2007年8月26日,南京市20名学生代表利用业余电台与太空中国际空间站上的宇航员成功对话.对话时用电台发射并接收波来传通信息,这种波在真空中的传播速度为m/s,其频率越高,波长越。
2008年江苏省南京市初中毕业生学业考试数学试题
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南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试
南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试化学(满分80分,考试时间100分钟)可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 Mg—24 A1—27 C1—35.5 Cu—64一、选择题(本题共l5小题.每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
每小题l分,共15分)1)★种类主要食物来源钙奶类、绿色蔬菜、水产品、肉类、豆类铁肝脏、瘦肉、蛋、鱼、豆类、芹菜锌海产品、瘦肉、肝脏、奶类、豆类、小米碘海产品、加碘盐A.元素B2.下列物质属于氧化物的是()A.O2B.CO C.KClO3D.CH3COOH3.当前高效能的砷化镓(GaAs)太阳能电池。
产生能量的效率高达33%。
已知GaAs中,As元素化合价为-3价,则Ga元素的化合价为()A.-l B.+l C.+2 D.+34.下列图示实验操作中,正确的是()5.今年6月1日起全国执行“限塑令”,南京市曾在鼓楼广场等地组织宣传活动,发放无纺布袋。
生产无纺布的主要原料为聚丙烯、聚酯和粘胶等。
下列有关说法不正确的是()A.大部分塑料在自然环境中很难降解B.使用无纺布袋有利于减少“白色污染”C.生产无纺布与棉布的原料都是天然纤维D.聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯都属于合成材料6.下列变化中,属于物理变化的是()7.下列做法不会危及人体健康的是()A.把霉变大米淘净后继续食用B.用甲醛水溶液浸泡水产品C.根据医嘱适量服用补钙剂D.用聚氯乙烯做食品包装袋8.氢是新型清洁能源,但难储运。
研究发现,镧和镍的一种合金是储氢材料。
下列有关57号元素镧(La)的说法不正确的是()A.该元素原子的质子数为57 B.该元素原子的核电荷数为57C.该元素原子的核外电子数为57 D.该元素为非金属元素9.2008年5月28日中央电视台报道,国务院要求各地保障农业生产所需的钾肥供应。
下列物质中属于钾肥的是()A.氯化钾KCl B.碳酸氢铵NH4HCO3C.尿素CO(NH2)2D.磷矿粉有效成分Ca3(PO4)210.常温下t℃在15 g氯化钠中加入60g水,完全溶解后,溶液中氯化钠的质量分数为()A.15%B.20%C.25%D.33. 3%11.抗震救灾,众志成城。
2008年江苏南京市中考物理试卷及答案
南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试物理注意事项:1.本试卷l至3页为选择题.共30分.4至8页为非选择题.共70分全卷满分100分.考试时间100分钟.考生答题全部答在答题卡上.答在本试卷上无效2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符台.再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑如需改动.请用橡皮擦干净后.再选涂其他答案.答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置.在其他位置答题一律无效4.作图题必须用2B铅笔作答.并请加黑、加粗一、选择题(每题的四个选项中.只有一个正确答案共15题.每题2分。
计30分l.图1所示家庭用电的一些做法中,符合安全用电的是2.小星在学习“从粒子到宇宙”的知识后,有下列认识,其中正确的是A.雪花漫天飞舞说明分子在做无规则运动B.宇宙是一个有层次的天体结构系统,地球是宇宙的中心C.将两个表面光滑的铅块相互紧压后,它们会黏在一起.说明分子间有吸引力D.电子的尺度比原子的尺度大3.如图2所示,舞台上经常用喷撤干冰(固态二氧化碳)的方法制造白雾渲染气氛,对“白雾”的形成.小星的解释是:(1)干冰升华吸热使周围环境温度降低}(2)气态二氧化碳液化形成白雾.以上解释中A.第一句话存在科学性错误B.第二句话存在科学性错误C.两句话都存在科学性错误D.两句话都没有科学性错误4.关于声现象,下列说法中正确的是A.“闻其声而知其人”主要是根据声音的响度来判断的B.敲锣时用力越大,声音的音调越高C.市区内某些路段“禁鸣喇叭”,这是在声音传播的过程中减弱噪声D.用声波能粉碎人体内的“小石头”,说明声波具有能量5.图3所示的现象中,由于光的直线传播而形成的是6.物理知识渗透于我们的生活以下警示语中,与惯性知识无关的是A.汽车后宙贴有“保持车距”B.公路旁立有“雨天路滑·减建慢行”C.公共场所标有“禁止吸烟”D.交通规则写有“行车时系好安全带”7.图4所示的做法中.属于用做功的方法改变物体内能的是8.根据右表所提供的数据,在标准大气压下t以下判断正确的是Array A.80℃的酒精是液态B.气温接近-50℃时,应选用水银做温度计的测温液体C.-39℃的水银吸热,温度可能不变D.铅的凝固点是-328℃9.如图5所示,将木块放在粗糙程度相同的水平桌面上,小华沿直线水平匀速拉动木块,在木块运动过程中A.木块对桌面的压力大于木块受到的重力B.木头受到的滑动摩擦力大小保持不变C.绳对木块的拉力大于桌面对木块的摩擦力D.绳对木块的拉力和木块对绳的拉力是一对平衡力10.图6所示是课本中的几个实验.演示磁场对通电导体有力的作用的是11.下列数据中.符合事实的是A.南京夏天室内的最高气温可达60℃B.家用台灯正常工作时灯丝中的电流约为2AC.一名普通中学生的质量约为500kgD.正常人1min的心跳约70次12.根据力与运动的关系.图7中小星和小华的观点A.小星正确B.小华正确C.都正确D.都不正确13.图8所示的事例中,物体机械能增加的是14.如图9甲所示,在一只薄塑料袋中装水过半(未满).用细线扎紧袋口,用弹簧测力计测得其所受重力为9N;再将这个装水的塑料袋浸入烧杯内的水中.如图9乙所示,当弹簧测力计示数为6N时,袋内水面与烧杯中的水面相比(不计塑料袋和细线的重)A.比烧杯中的水面高B.比烧杯中的水面低C.与烧杯中的水面相平D.高低无法判断15.如图10所示电路,电阻R1标有“6Ω1A”,R2标有“3Ω1.2A”,电流表A1、A2的量程均为0~3A,电压表量程0~15V,在a、b间接入电压可调的直流电源.闭合开关S后,为保证R1、R2均不损坏,则允许加的电源电压和通过电流表A1的电流不得超过A.9V 1A B.36V 18AC.9.6V 1A D.3.6V 0.6A二、填空题(共5题.每空1分.计18分)16.2007年8月26日,南京市20名学生代表利用业余电台与太空中国际空间站上的宇航员成功对话,对话时用电台发射并接收_______波来传递信息.连种波在真空中的传播速度为_______m/s,其频率越高,波长越_______17.一只标有“2.5V 0.3A”的小电灯和滑动变阻器串联接在电压为6V的电源两端.调节滑动变阻器使小电灯两端电压为_______V时.灯正常发光.此时灯1min消耗的电能为_______J,再调节滑动变阻器使灯两端电压为1.5V时,灯的亮度与正常发光相比_______(选填“变亮”、“变暗”或“不变”).18.图11所示是由大量反射镜组成的太阳能发电装置.图中各个反射镜由计算机控制,使反射的太阳光聚集在塔顶的集热器(锅炉)上,集热器中的水变成水蒸气后推动汽轮机.从而带动发电机发电.(1)太阳能属于_______(选填“可”或“不可”)再生能源(2)这个装置中反射镜的作用是改变_______。
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南京市2008年初中毕业生学业考试化学(满分80分,考试时间100分钟)可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 Mg—24 A1—27 C1—35.5 Cu—64一、选择题(本题共l5小题.每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
每小题l分,共15分)1)A.元素B.分子C.原子D.离子2.下列物质属于氧化物的是()A.O2B.CO C.KClO3D.CH3COOH3.当前高效能的砷化镓(GaAs)太阳能电池。
产生能量的效率高达33%。
已知GaAs中,As元素化合价为-3价,则Ga元素的化合价为()A.-l B.+l C.+2 D.+34.下列图示实验操作中,正确的是()5.今年6月1日起全国执行“限塑令”,南京市曾在鼓楼广场等地组织宣传活动,发放无纺布袋。
生产无纺布的主要原料为聚丙烯、聚酯和粘胶等。
下列有关说法不正确的是()A.大部分塑料在自然环境中很难降解B.使用无纺布袋有利于减少“白色污染”C.生产无纺布与棉布的原料都是天然纤维D.聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯都属于合成材料6.下列变化中,属于物理变化的是()7.下列做法不会危及人体健康的是()A.把霉变大米淘净后继续食用B.用甲醛水溶液浸泡水产品C.根据医嘱适量服用补钙剂D.用聚氯乙烯做食品包装袋8.氢是新型清洁能源,但难储运。
研究发现,镧和镍的一种合金是储氢材料。
下列有关57号元素镧(La)的说法不正确的是()A.该元素原子的质子数为57 B.该元素原子的核电荷数为57C.该元素原子的核外电子数为57 D.该元素为非金属元素9.2008年5月28日中央电视台报道,国务院要求各地保障农业生产所需的钾肥供应。
下列物质中属于钾肥的是()A.氯化钾KCl B.碳酸氢铵NH4HCO3C.尿素CO(NH2)2D.磷矿粉有效成分Ca3(PO4)210.常温下t℃在15 g氯化钠中加入60g水,完全溶解后,溶液中氯化钠的质量分数为()A.15%B.20%C.25%D.33. 3%11.抗震救灾,众志成城。
用于汶川震后防疫的众多消毒剂中,有一种高效消毒剂的主要成分为三氯异氰尿酸(C3O3N3Cl3),又称高氯精。
下列有关高氯精的说法不正确的是()A.高氯精由4种元素组成B.高氰精中C、O、N、Cl的原子个数比为1∶1∶1∶1C.高氯精中C、N两种元索的质量比为12∶14D.高氯精中氯元素的质量分数为25%12.现有①液态氧;⑦铁锈;③食盐水;④小苏打;⑤氢氧化钾;⑥石油。
对上述物质的分类全部正确的是()A.盐——③④B.纯净物——④⑤⑥C.碱——①⑤D.混合物——②③⑥13.下列说法正确的是()A.分子是构成物质的粒子,因此物质都是由分子构成的B.某雨水的pH小于5.6,因此雨水中溶解的是SO2C.C60和石墨的组成元素相同、原子排列方式不同,因此它们的性质存在差异D.化学反应常常伴随着能量变化。
因此有能量变化的都是化学反应14.下列物质长期露置于空气中。
因发生化学变化而使溶液质量减少的是( )A .浓硫酸B .石灰水C .浓盐酸D .氯化钠溶液15.在反应2A+5B==2C+4D 中,C 、D 的相对分子质量之比为9∶22.若2.6 g A 与B 完全反应后,生成8.8g D 。
则在此反应中B 与D 的质量比为( )A .4∶9B .8∶1C .10 ∶ 11D .31∶44二、选择题(本题共5小题。
每小题有一个或二个选项符合题意。
错选、多选不选不给分。
只选一个且正确,给l 分。
每小题2分,共10分))16.第29届奥运会将于今年8月在我国举办。
本届奥运会倡导“绿色奥运、科技奥运、人文奥运”的理念,下列选项符合“绿色奥运”理念的有( )A .采用丙烷(C 3H 8)作火炬燃料B .所有奥运用品和食品都是绿颜色的C .把环境保护作为奥运设施规划和建设的首要条件D .奥运扬馆建设均使用天然材料,不使用合成材料1718.右图是a 、b 、c 、d 四种固体物质的溶解度曲线,下表是这些固体物质在部分温度时的溶解度。
根据图表信息判断下列说法正确的是A .图中a 曲线表示KNO 3的溶解度曲线B .b 的溶解度小于a 的溶解度C .要从a 与b 的混合物中得到a ,通常采用蒸发溶剂使其结晶的方法D .KCl 的不饱和溶液由60℃降温至10℃时,变成饱和溶液19.某无色气体可能含有CO 2、CO 、H 2中的一种或几种,依次进行以下实验(假设每步反应均完全进行):①通过赤热的炭层后。
恢复到原状态,气体体积不变;②通过灼热的CuO 时,固体变成红色;③通过白色CuSO 4粉末时,粉末变成蓝色晶体;④通入澄清石灰水中,石灰水变浑浊。
下列判断正确的是()A .原混合气体中一定含有CO 2、CO 、H 2B.原混合气体中一定没有CO2,一定含有H2和COC.原混合气体中一定含有H2和CO2,可能含有COD.根据①④,可推断实验过程中一定有CO2生成20)三、(本题包括2小题。
共12分)21.(5分)请根据下列装置图,回答有关问题:(1)实验室角B、C装置制取二氧化碳的化学方程式为。
(2)实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气,可选用的发生装置是(填字母)。
(3)实验室收集氢气可用D或E装置的原因分别是。
(4))实验室收集二氧化碳时,验满的方法是。
22.(7分)南南同学跟妈妈学烧紫甘蓝(紫卷心菜),用油炒后加入食醋,发现紫色的叶片立即变红,激发了他的探究欲望。
[提出问题] 紫甘蓝的汁液能作酸碱指示剂吗?[进行实验] 取紫甘蓝叶片少许在研钵中捣烂,用少量水浸泡,滤出蓝紫色的汁液。
将汁液分别滴入下列液体中,观察其显示的颜色并记录。
[得出结论1] 紫甘蓝的汁液(选填“能”或“不能”)作酸碱指示剂。
[质疑并求证] 紫甘蓝的汁液在均为碱性的肥皂水和纯碱溶液中,为何显示不同颜色?用pH试纸测得上述肥皂水和纯碱溶液的pH分别为9和11,则肥皂水的碱性比纯碱溶液的碱性(选填“强”或“弱”)。
[________。
[拓展应用] 柠檬酸是制汽水的原料之一,为探究其固体是否显酸性,南南同学联想到教材上二氧化碳相关实验的设计,准备了三朵用紫甘蓝的汁液染成蓝紫色的干燥小花。
取干燥的花①和喷上水的花②,分别放入盛满二氧化碳的两个集气瓶中,发现花①不变色,花②变成了色。
在干燥的花③上直接撒少量柠檬酸固体,花不变色,说明了;再向该花喷水,蓝紫色的花上出现了红色。
[反思] 上述花的变色均与水有关,水的作用分别是:花②中;花③中。
四、(本题包括3小题,共13分)23.(4分)请模仿示例,在空格处填上适当的化学式:24.(2分)今年5月27日上午10点23分,著名排球运动员孙玥在南京鼓楼公园点燃了奥运圣火盆。
根据所学知识,你认为燃烧需要的三个条件是:(1);(2);(3)达到燃烧所需的最低温度(也叫着火点)。
25.(7分)2008年“中国水周”活动的宣传主题为“发展水利,改善民生”。
(1)①水(填“属于”或“不属于”)六大类营养素之一。
②保持水的化学性质的最小粒子是。
(2)右图是活性炭净水器示意图,其中活性炭的作用是:不仅可以的物质,还可以的杂质。
(3)有一杯主要含有MgCl2和CaC2的硬水。
某兴趣小组设计出软化水的部分实验方案,请你一起来完成。
可供选用的物质有:Ca(OH)2溶液、NaOH溶液、饱和Na2五、(本题包括2小题。
共15分)26.(4分)右图是初中化学中常见物质问的转化关系,其中甲、乙、丙均为非金属单质;A、B、E和丁均为化合物;B和E为能产生温室效应的气体。
(1)写出化学式:甲;乙。
(2)写出丙和E反应生成A和B的化学方程式:。
(3)D和A是组成元素相同的化合物,写出D在丁做催化剂条件下,分解生成A和丙的化学方程式:_________________。
27.(11分)镁合金的强度高、机械性能好。
这些特性使金属镁成为制造汽车、飞机、火箭的重要材料,从而获得“国防金属”的美誉。
海水提镁是国际上的主要趋势,工业流程图如下:其步骤为:I.将海边大量存在的贝壳(主要成分为CaCO3)煅烧成生石灰,并将生石灰制成石灰乳Ⅱ.将石灰乳加入到海水反应池中,经过沉降、过滤得到Mg(OH)2沉淀Ⅲ.在Mg(OH)2沉淀中加入盐酸中和得到MgCl2溶液,再经蒸发结晶得到MgCl2·6H2OⅣ.将MgCl2·6H2O在一定条件下加热得到无水MgCl2V.电解熔融的无水MgCl2可得到Mg(1)请根据上述步骤回答问题:①写出步骤I、Ⅲ的有关化学方程式:I.贝壳煅烧成生石灰。
Ⅲ.Mg(OH)2沉淀中加入盐酸中和。
②步骤I~V中有分解反应的是(填写步骤序号):。
③步骤Ⅲ中的蒸发是利用风吹日晒来完成的,而在实验室中进行蒸发操作需要的主要仪器有__________、__________、酒精灯、带铁圈的铁架台、坩埚钳等。
④上述海水提镁的流程中,采取了哪些措施来降低成本、减少污染的?请写出其中一点:。
(2)回答下列问题:①右图为镁元素的某种粒子结构示意图,该图表示(填序号)。
A.分子B.原子C.阳离子D.阴离子②镁原子在化学反应中容易失去电子,镁是一种(填“活泼”或“不活泼”)金属,除了能与氧气反应,还可以与氮气、二氧化碳等反应。
(3)为测定约含镁30%的镁铝合金(不含其它元素)中镁的质量分数。
①第一小组设计下列实验方案:称量a g镁铝合金粉末,放在如右图所示装置的惰性电热板上,通电使其充分灼烧。
讨论一:欲计算镁的质量分数,该实验中还需测定的一种数据是。
讨论二:若用空气代替O2进行实验,对测定结果(填“有”或“无”)影响。
②第二小组设计下列实验方案:称取b g镁铝合金,与足量的稀盐酸完全反应。
欲计算镁的质量分数,该实验中还需测定的一种数据是。
六、(本题包括1小题,共5分) 28.(15分)京京同学对金属活动性顺序等知识进行了研究。
(1)根据右图中的实验现象判断,稀盐酸里的A 、B 、C 、D 四种金属中,在金属活动性顺序里,位于氢后面的金属是(填字母)_______。
(2)将甲、乙两种金属片分别放入硫酸铜溶液中,乙表面析出红色固体,甲没有明显现象。
判断甲、乙、铜三种金属的活动性由强到弱的顺序为________________。
(3)查阅资料:金属在活动性顺序里的位置越后,其化合物越不稳定,所以它的氧化物越容易被还原。
在下列①②中各写一个化学方程式,③中写出还原金属氧化物的方法。
(4)查阅资料:在金属活动性顺序里,位于氢后面的金属Cu ,在常温下虽然不能与稀盐酸、稀硫酸反应,但可以与稀硝酸反应,其化学方程式为:3Cu+8HNO 3 (稀)==3Cu(NO 3)2+2NO ↑+4H 2O反应生成的NO 是无色,难溶于水的气体,在常温下与空气中的O 2迅速化合生成NO 2,NO 2是红棕色、有刺激性气味的有毒气体。