3.词义的选择与引申作业及答案
词义的选择引申和褒贬
2、将带有特征性形象的词译 成该形象所代表的属性的词。
整理ppt
1) Rich and powerful, he always goosesteps on the street.
整理ppt
1) Goosestep的原义是从名词 “鹅步、正步” 转化而来的动 词，根据上下文引申，译成： “他有钱有势，在街上总是耀 武扬威，横行霸道。”
整理ppt
2）He is in critical condition, see-sawing between life and death.
整理ppt
2） See-saw原义是“跷跷 板”，这里引申译为：他的病 况危急，时好时坏，在生死之 间徘徊。
整理ppt
（二）具体化引申
整理ppt
语时一般作具体化引申。
整理ppt
2）He is a Shylock!
整理ppt
2） Shylock是莎士比亚笔下 的人物，其人刻薄歹毒，故该 句引申译为：他凶险狡诈。
整理ppt
Every life has its roses and thorns.
整理ppt
这里把玫瑰和刺引申，译为： “每个人的生活有苦有甜。”
整理ppt
整理ppt
２）他的学位成了他进入那家 公司获得高薪的敲门砖。
整理ppt
2． 英语中有些词在特定的上 下文中，含义是清楚的，但译 成汉语时还必须作具体化引申， 否则就不够清楚。
整理ppt
1） The car in front of me broke down and I missed the green.
整理ppt
She is a good Christian, a good parent, a good wife, a good daughter and a good teacher.
词义的选择、引申和褒贬
词义的选择、引申和褒贬一、词义的选择英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。
在英汉翻译过程中，我们弄清原句结构后就要善于选择和确定剧中关键词的词义。
选择和确定词义通常从以下两个方面着手：（一）根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义给出下列练习1.It is not right for children to sit up late.2.The plane was right above our heads.3.In the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed.4.She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery.(二) 根据上下文联系以及词汇在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义给出下列练习Account for1.He is ill; that accounts for his absence.2.In this battle he accounted for the five of the enemy3.I want you to account for every cent you spent.Make up1.If the stove is not made up, it will go out.2.There is not any girl called Clementine. He is just made her up.3.Half the roads in the region are still to be made up.4.Society is made up of people with widely differing abilities.5.It took Laurence Oliver more than an hour to make up for the part of “Othello”6.They made up a bed on the sofa for the unexpected visitor.7.We have to drive fast to make up the hour we lost in Boston.Figure1.The foreign trade ha risen to unprecedented figures2.Dr. Eliot was one of the most revered figures in the world of learning.3.On the desk, there was a bronze figure of Plato.4.He saw dim figures moving towards him.5.June was good at figure skating.二、词义的引申英译汉时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如任意硬套或逐个死译，会是译文生硬晦涩，不能确切表达意愿，甚至造成误解。
翻译入门三
Edison invented the electric light lamp. 爱迪生发明了电灯。 He invented a story to explain why he was late. 他编造一个谎话，解释为什么迟到。 The beauty of the evening seduced me abroad. 傍晚的美景把我吸引到户外去。 The vile guy tried to seduce the young girl. 那无耻的家伙企图勾引那个女孩。
2. 根据语境及搭配关系判断词义
动词和名词搭配 形容词和名词搭配
形容词与介词搭配
动词与副词搭配
动词和名词搭配---develop
develop the heavy industry develop a method develop an interest develop a habit develop a plan develop one’s competence
我从不喝酒。 Wine
我不喝烈性酒。 spirits
汉译英时单词的选择
根据词的语体色彩来选词
日军的侵略的暴行激起人民极大的愤怒。
The atrocity of Japanese army’s aggression roused the people to great indignation.
Exercise（一）
He halted in the district where by night are found the lightest street, hearts, vows and librettos.
他在一个市区停了下来，那里的夜晚有最明亮的街道， 最愉快的心情，最轻易出口的誓言和最轻松的歌曲。
Unit 3 词语选择、引申和褒贬
Story
1) The play is really a love story. 2) This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. 3) Some reporters who were not included in the meeting broke the story. 4) The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the American TV. 5) Don’t tell stories again, Tom. I don’t believe your stories. 6) It is quite another story now. 7) He storied about his age.
3) Judging from collocation
delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤 delicate child 娇弱的小孩 易碎的花瓶 delicate vase delicate difference 细微的差别 delicate sense of smell 灵敏的嗅觉 delicate food 美味的食物
褒贬译法： 1. John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 2. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 3.Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 4. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.
词义的选择与引申
9). I have butterflies in my stomach. 10). When I heard the news my heart came into my mouth.
9). I have butterflies in my stomach. 译文一：我胃痛。 译文二：我有一种想呕吐的感觉。 译文三：我好紧张。 10). When I heard the news my heart came into my mouth. 译文一：当我听到这个消息时，我心都跳 出来了。 译文二：当我听到这个消息时，我很吃惊。 译文三：当我听到这个消息时，我吓死了。
6 ）Every life has its roses and thorns.
6 ）Every life has its roses and thorns. 译文一：生活中既有鲜花又有芒刺（荆 棘）。 译文二：每个人的生命都其玫瑰和刺。 译文三：生活总会跌荡起伏。（有平坦和 坎坷的时候） 译文四：人生总是有两面性的。
参考译文： 1. 我父亲是那家餐馆的常客, 那里所有的服 务员都认识他. 2. 请看一下上次会议的记录. 3. 在中国我们每到一个城市, 就逛大街, 逛 商店, 逛公园, 上剧院, 下饭馆.
练习分析
5）. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists.
参考译文： 5. 帝国主义者的性格既残暴, 又狡猾. 6.每个人的生活都是有甜有苦. 7. 我们都被他那种崇高的气质所打动了. . 10. 听到这个消息我吓得要命.
二 词义的引申
词义的选择、引申和褒贬1
（四） 根据词性不同，词义不同
I want to present everyone present a present. 我想给在场的各位赠送一份礼物。 动词，赠送；形容词，在场的；名词，礼物 He was too close to the door to close it. 他离门太近以至于关不了门。 形容词，接近的；动词，关 The insurance was invalid for the invalid. 该险种对残疾人无效。形容词，无效的；名词，残疾人
toilettoilettable梳妆台toiletwater花露水toiletpowder爽身粉anelaboratetoilet盛装makemakeway让路makeprogress取得进步makebedmakeadictionary编字典铺床吃吃醋吃香吃透吃不消bejealousbeverypopularhaveathoroughgraspmorethanonecanstand意见征求意见取得一致意见补充几点意见对某人很有意见askonessuggestionreachanagreementaddsomepointstohavecomplaintsaboutof吃喜酒attendtheweddingbanquet一根据名词的单复数二根据搭配三根据全文或句子的知识内容四根据词性不同词义不同五根据词性相同词义不同一根据名词的单复数airs神气time时间times时代good好的goods货物wood木材woods森林work工作salt食盐custom习俗customs关税minute分钟minutes会议记录air空气works著作salts泻药二根据搭配dontpickupstrangeboys
吃
吃喜酒 吃醋 吃香 吃透 吃不消 Attend the wedding banquet Be jealous Be very popular Have a thorough grasp More than one can stand
英汉互译常用技巧一
英汉互译常用技巧（一）词义的选择、引申和褒贬课后练习一、词义选择与延伸1.Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war.2.Three men were killed in the accident .3.The engine was killed by the flood .4.Y our joke nearly kill me .5.He is a man of confidence.6.He walked at the head of the funeral procession，and every now and then wiped away hishypocritical tears with a big handkerchief．7.We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.8.Watergate consumes Richard Nixon’s presidency.9.The lack of confidence failed her in the competition.二、词义甄别1.数以万计的中外客商云集申城。
2.大量难民涌入了巴基斯坦。
3.19世纪有大批的人涌入南非去淘金。
4.在她生日那天，信函和礼物像雪片一样飞来。
三、词义褒贬1、The president was respected by his people for his foresightedness.2、The politician was notorious for his double dealing.3、Y ou flattered me!4、She felt greatly flattered when she received the invitation to deliver a lecture.5、Edison invented the gramophone and the electric light.6、People sometimes invent excuses to go out of work.7、The years steal by.8、That thermometer must be lying.9、对不起，我还没有请教您的尊姓大名呢？段落练习：A Translate the underlined part of the following text into English.我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。
词的本意和引申义的题
以下是一些关于词的本意和引申义的题目示例：
1. 写出下列词语的本意和引申义。
-词语：“门槛”
-本意：门框下部挨着地面的横木。
-引申义：比喻进入某范围的条件或标准。
-词语：“傀儡”
-本意：用土木等制成的偶像。
-引申义：比喻受人操纵、没有自主权的人或组织。
2. 以下哪个词语的引申义与原意无关？
- A. 闭门羹：原指主人拒绝客人进门，现比喻拒绝客人来访。
- B. 铁公鸡：原指用铁做的公鸡，现比喻一毛不拔的人。
- C. 千里马：原指善于奔跑、日行千里的马，现比喻人才。
3. 请解释下列词语的本意和引申义，并用每个词语造一个句子。
-词语：“推敲”
-本意：指写作时对字句进行反复琢磨、斟酌。
-引申义：比喻做文章或做事时，反复琢磨，反复斟酌。
请注意，这只是一些示例题目，你可以根据具体的需求和教学内容进行修改和扩展。
此外，还可以提供一些词语，让学生自己查找本意和引申义，并进行解释和造句，以增强学生的理解和运用能力。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.试译下列各短语，注意词的多义性和搭配能力的不同：
1）
• 1.soft pillow 2.soft music
• 3.soft cushion 4.soft wood
• 5.soft money 6.soft drink
•7.soft breeze 8.soft light
•9.soft voice 10.soft fire
•11.soft hat 12.soft words
•13.soft answer 14.soft goods
15.soft heart 16.soft water
•1、软枕;2、轻柔的音乐;
•3、靠垫;4、软木;
•5、纸币;6、不含酒精的饮料;
•7、和风;8、柔光;
•9、低声;10、文火;
•11、呢帽;12、和蔼的话;
•13、委婉的回答;14、毛织品;
•15、易感动之心，慈心;16、软水（不含矿物盐类而易溶解肥皂的水）2）开门open the door 开口open mouth
开火open fire 开刀operate
开发develop 开工begin，start
开会hold/attend/have a meeting
开胃work up/promote/prepare appetite
开心be/feel happy, rejoice
开玩笑play a joke
开花blossom
开车to drive a car 开船to set sail
开机器to start a machine
2.试译下列句子，注意词的引申与褒贬：
1）具体词语抽象化
1. The character of these people is a mixture of the tiger and the ape.
帝国主义者的性格即残暴，又狡猾
2）抽象的词义具体化
• 1. Public opinion demands that something should be done to end the strike.
•众舆论要求采取措施结束罢工。
• 2. The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green.
•我前面的那辆车突然停了，我错过了绿灯
3）词义的褒贬
1. Mr Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.
【译文】布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请，感到非常荣幸。
(褒)
2. The enemy killed one of our comrades, and we killed an enemy agent.
译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志,(褒)我们宰了一个特务。
(贬)。