英语同义词

1. forgetful，unmindful，oblivious

These adjectives refer to inability or failure to remember. 这些形容词指不能或无法记起。Forgetful usually implies a faulty memory or a tendency not to remember: Forgetful 通常含有记忆力衰退或失去记忆的意思：

As I grow older I become increasingly forgetful. Less often the word is used as the equivalent of unmindful, which applies principally to failure to keep in mind what should be remembered, as through deliberate oversight, heedlessness, or inattentiveness:

随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越健忘了。偶尔这些词可用来代替unmindful，该词主要用于指有意的疏忽、心不在焉或漫不经心等，而将应该记住的事忘了：

She ought not to be forgetful of her duties. 她不该玩忽职守。

Each passenger rushed toward the exit, unmindful of the others. 每个乘客都不顾其他人涌向出口。

Oblivious refers to failure rather than inability to remember, as because one is preoccupied or because one has chosen to disregard something: Oblivious 更侧重于疏忽而不是失去记忆，如因为某人做事一心一意或有选择地疏忽一些事情：

Fortunately for the author, he was soon oblivious of the vitriolic criticism. Sometimes the term implies lack of awareness: 幸运的是，就作者而言，他很快就忘了这些辛辣的评论。有时这个词含有缺少意识的含义：

For a person who has known them so long you are strangely oblivious to their faults. 对于一个认识他们很久的人来说，你异乎寻常地没有意识到他们的缺点。

at one fling一鼓作气地; 一下子, 一举have a fling at sb.讥讽某人have a fling at sth.试图做某事have one's fling放荡, 纵情行乐in full fling莽撞地; 在高潮中indulge in a fling at嘲笑[挖苦] (某人)take a fling at攻击, 嘲笑;试图做(某事)take the fling不受约束;情绪不定, 忽冷忽热; 脾气变坏fling about跳来跳去; 抛散fling aside抛弃, 丢掉; 愤然离去fling away抛弃, 丢掉; 愤然离去fling into突然冲进;投入, 急速派遣fling off甩掉; 挫败; 气冲冲地突然跑开fling oneself about手舞足蹈; 发怒而暴跳fling oneself out手舞足蹈; 发怒而暴跳fling oneself into 毅然投身于; 奋力从事fling oneself upon毅然投身于; 奋力从事fling out用力抛出; 出言不逊fling over[俚]舍弃, 不再保护[赞助]fling up舍弃, 抛弃

2. deplete，drain，exhaust，impoverish，enervate

These verbs all mean to weaken severely by removing something essential. 这些动词都意味着通过移走基本的东西使严重削弱，

Deplete refers to using up gradually and only hints at harmful consequences: Deplete 指逐渐用光，并且仅暗示有害的后果：

I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted. 我总是在我的食物吃完之前加以补充。Drain suggests reduction by gradual drawing off and is stronger in implying harm: Drain 意指通过逐渐消耗而减少，强调危害性：

War often drains a nation's economy.战争经常耗尽一个国家的经济。

Exhaust stresses reduction to a point of no further usefulness: Exhaust 强调减少到不再有用的地步：

“The resources of civilization are not yet exhausted” (William Ewart Gladstone).

“文明的源泉永远不会枯竭”（威廉姆·爱德华·哥莱德斯托恩）。

Impoverish refers to severe reduction of resources or qualities essential to adequate functioning: Impoverish 指资源和性质严重减少到最基本的程度：

“His death has eclipsed the gaiety of nations, and impoverished the public stock of harmless

pleasure” (Samuel Johnson).

“他的死给全国的欢乐投上阴影，也使公众再也无法享受无害的欢乐”（塞缪尔·约翰逊）。Enervate refers to weakening or destruction of vitality or strength: Enervate 指活力或力量上的变弱或损伤：

Idleness enervates the will to succeed. 懒惰削弱了成功的决心

3. extend, lengthen, elongate, stretch, prolong, protract这组动词的一般含义是“使延长”。extend和lengthen的反义词为shorten。这两个动词都可以表示时间和空间的“延长”，但是extend可以用于比喻意义上的“延长”，或范围的“扩展”。如：the extended meaning of a word (词汇的引伸意义)，to extend (or lengthen) a road (延长道路)，to extend (or lengthen) one's stay. (延长某人的逗留)

Can you extend your visit for a few days more?你能把你的访问再延长几天吗？

The railway will be extended next year.明年将要延长这条铁路。

…, and the project has now been extended.……而且此项计划现在已经扩大了。

He is extending his eyes with radar;人类借助雷达来扩大自己的视野。

He wanted to have his coat lengthened a bit.他要把上衣放长一些。

elongate通常表示空间的“延长”。

A piece of rubber can be elongated by streching.一块橡皮可以拉长。

stretch与elongate的差异仅在于，前者不正式，后者正式，多见于科技语言。

prolong通常表示时间的“延长”

But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle.

但是，阿尔弗雷德已经推断出，丹麦人已不再适应持久的战争了。

protract 也指时间的“延长”，但多指“拖延”

Three hours have passed since the discussion was begun, and I'm afraid they will protract it still longer.

这个讨论会已经开了3个小时了，而且恐怕他们还会拖延下去的。

extend for延续...(距离)extend from从...伸出来extend from ... into ...从... 延伸[插]到...里extend from ... to ...从... 延绵[一直]到extend out伸出extend over延续...(时间), 遍布extend through ...贯穿..., 达到整个...的长度extend through to(一直)延伸到extend your hands伸出你的手extend one's business扩大其营业extend financial help to sb.给予某人资助

extend one's congratulations向...致贺

We are impressed by his capacity for handling an immense amount of work without appearing to extend himself.

我们很佩服他能处理大量的工作而看来一点也不勉强。

To open or straighten (something) out; unbend:伸出，拉开：张开或把（某物）拉开；伸直：extended the legs of the folding table.打开折叠桌的桌腿

To stretch or spread (something) out to greater or fullest length:延伸：伸长或扩展（某物）到较大程度或最大长度：

extended the radio antenna.把收音机的天线拉到最长

To exert (oneself) vigorously or to full capacity:充分发挥，尽力：精力充沛地发挥（自己的）能力或充分发挥自己的能力：

Few mountain climbers have extended themselves as those two have.很少登山运动员能象那两个人那样充分发挥自己的能力

To cause to move at full gallop. Used of a horse.竭尽全力：使奋力奔驰。用于指马

To increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance:搀杂，增加数量：通过加上一种较

便宜的物质来增加数量或体积：

used rice or pasta to extend leftover casseroles.用米饭或面食来增加剩下的食物

To adulterate.掺杂

To enlarge the area, scope, or range of.扩大：扩大面积、范围或区域

To expand the influence of.扩大…的影响

To make more comprehensive or inclusive.See Synonyms at increase 扩充，充实：使更广泛或包含内容更多的参见increase

To offer:奉献：

extend one's greetings.奉上个人的祝福

To make available; provide:可用；提供：

extend credit to qualified purchasers.为符合资格的客户提供信用贷款

To cause (something) to be or last longer:延长：使（某物）处于或持续更长：

extended our visit by a day.把我们的拜访再延长一天

To prolong the time allowed for payment of:拖欠，宽延：延长对…的付款所允许的时间：extend a loan for three more months.宽延三个多月的贷款

Chiefly British 【多用于英国】

To appraise or assess; value.鉴定或估价；评价

To seize or make a levy on for the purpose of settling a debt.征税：为解决债务而制定的征收额v.intr.（不及物动词）To be or become long, large, or comprehensive:扩大：使变得长、大或广泛：

influence that extended to other continents; table legs that extend by unscrewing.扩大到其它各洲的影响；松开螺丝，桌脚即可伸长

come about To take place; happen.出现；发生

To turn around.转向

Nautical To change tack.【航海】改变航向

come across To meet or find by chance:偶然遇到或找到：

came across my old college roommate in town today.今天在镇上遇到我大学的老同学

Slang 【俚语】

To do what is wanted.做所想做的

To pay over money that is demanded:付要求的钱：

came across with the check.开支票支付

To give an impression:给予印象：

“He comes across as a very sincere, religious individual”(William L. Cla y)

“他给人的印象是一个很虔诚的、笃实的人”(威廉L.克莱)

come along

To make advances to a goal; progress:进展：对一个目标有进步；前进：

Things are coming along fine.事情进展顺利

To go with someone else who takes the lead:跟随：与另一个带头的人走：

I'll come along on the hike.我将徒步旅行来

To show up; appear:表现；出现：

Don't take the first offer that comes along.不要采取他人的第一个提议

come around 或come round

To recover, revive:恢复，还原：

fainted but soon came around.昏迷但马上苏醒

To change one's opinion or position:改变某人意见或立场：

You'll come around after you hear the whole story.你听到整个故事之后你会明白

come at

To obtain; get:获得；得到：

come at an education through study.经由研究得到教育

To rush at; attack.对…冲击；攻击

come back

To return to or regain past success after a period of misfortune.东山再起：在一段不幸之后回到或再获得过去的成功

To retort; reply:反驳；回答：

came back with a sharp riposte.以尖锐的反驳回答

To recur to the memory:再现记忆：

When I saw the picture, happy memories came back.当我看到这照片，美好的回忆又再度浮现come by

To gain possession of; acquire:占有；取得：

Mortgages are hard to come by.抵押难以获得

To pay a visit.访问

come down

To lose wealth or position:失去财富或地位：

He has really come down in the world.他在这个世界上真的失去了地位

To pass or be handed down by tradition:传承：按习惯通过或处理：

customs that come down from colonial times.从殖民时代传承下来的惯例

To be handed down from a higher authority:宣判：从更高权威传下来：

An indictment finally came down.终于宣判起诉

Slang To happen; occur:【俚语】发生；出现：

What's coming down tonight?今晚发生了什么事情?

come in

To arrive:到达：

Fall clothes will be coming in soon.秋装即将上市

To become available for use:成为可用：

New weather information just came in.新气象信息刚被采用

To start producing. Used of an oil well.开始生产。用于油井

To arrive among those who finish a contest or race:比赛名次：在完成比赛的那些人中达到：came in fifth.第五名

To perform or function in a particular way:按特殊方法执行或运作：

A food processor comes in handy.食品加工处理机用来十分便利

To reply in a specified manner to a call or signal:以特定方式回应：对电话或信号按特定方式回答：

The pilot's voice came in loud and clear.飞行员回应的声音大而清晰

To take on a specified role:承办规定的任务：

When editorial review commences, that's where you come in.编辑复审开始时，那有你要做的工作

come into

To acquire, especially as an inheritance:获得，尤指遗产：

She came into a fortune on her 21st birthday.她在二十一岁生日的时获得了一笔遗产

come off

To happen; occur:发生，出现：

The trip came off on schedule.旅行按计划得到实现

To acquit oneself:表现：

She is sure to come off badly if challenged to explain.如果被要求解释，她肯定表现得很差To turn out to be successful:结果是成功的：

a party that came off.成功的晚会

come on

To convey a particular personal image:表现个人特定形象：

comes on as an old-fashioned reactionary.表现出象保守主义者

Slang To show sexual interest in someone:【俚语】对某人有性兴趣：

trying to come on to me during the party.在宴会期间力图亲近我

To progress or advance in increments:递增：按增额发展或进步：

Darkness came on after seven.七点以后天色渐暗

To begin in small increments or by degrees:逐渐开始：按小的增额或程度开始：

Sleet came on after one o'clock.在一点钟后冰雹到来了

To hurry up; move rapidly. Often used in the imperative:催促；快速运动。常用于祈使语气：Would you please come on! We'll be late!请快一点吧！我们要晚了！