论文中英文摘要
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
毕业论文标题中英文摘要关键词和目录的格式
毕业设计（论文）新民本主义：传统民本思想与现代民主理念的契合（字体:黑体小一）专业年级学生学号学生姓名指导老师评阅人二○○年月中国·南京摘要（“摘要”两字的字体为黑体三号,居中。
）正文字体均为：宋体小四号，行距为倍（不低于400字）关键词：民本；民主；新民本主义（“关键词”三字字体为黑体，内容(3-5)个，宋体小四号。
各关键词之间用；）注意：摘要和关键词只能单独一页.Abstract（“Abstract”一词用Times New Roman字体三号,加黑,居中。
）Thought of people as the center is the marrow of our traditional culture and the core of the theory of managing state affairs. It germinates in the early state of antiquity society and is based on patriarchal clan system. It is also a kind of value seeking for the realization of the ethic reason and moral justice. Its basic thinking is that the monarch is defined by people and conversely people are defined by the monarch. At first appearance, its purpose is to value people’s suffering,fate and interest on the ruler’s position. However, its real intention is to fool the people so as to strengthen and consolidate the ruler’s rule. The theory of “people-oriented concept” includes nine topics such as “the theory of people is being the root of the monarch’s rule”, “the theory of people is being more valuable than the monarch”, “the theory of the monarch is being people’s servant”and so on. People –oriented means “value the people ”in essence, which sees “people”as its foundation of politics rule, ranking official, and administration.（正文字体为：Times New Roman字体，小四号，且行距为单倍或倍。
论文中英文摘要格式
论文中英文摘要格式附件2作者姓名：顾振华论文题目：2,3-联烯酸(酰胺)与联烯和炔烃的偶联环化反应研究作者简介：：顾振华，男，1979年02月出生，2002年09月师从于中国科学院上海有机化学研究所麻生明教授，于2007年7月获博士学位。
中文摘要联烯是一类含有1,2-丙二烯官能团的化合物。
在联烯的三个碳原子中，末端的两个sp2杂化的碳原子以剩下的未杂化的p轨道与中间的sp杂化的碳原子的两个互相垂直的p-轨道交盖形成两个互相垂直的π轨道。
当联烯末端的同一碳原子上的取代基两两不同时，联烯则具有轴手性，其构型可通过Cahn-Ingold-Prelog规则判定。
联烯化合物独特的反应性一方面来自这种独特的互相垂直交盖π-轨道，另一方面来自联烯末端的两个碳原子（四个取代基）对不同取代基的装载能力。
通过对底物及反应条件的调控，反应可以选择性的发生在联烯的三个不同的碳原子上。
由于其独特的结构及反应性，联烯在天然产物的合成中也有比较广泛地应用。
近年来越来越多的含联烯结构的天然产物被分离和鉴定，到目前为止已有约150个，这也极大地推动了联烯化学的发展。
我们小组在官能化的联烯的环化反应方面也作了一些研究。
最近我们小组发现并发展了官能化联烯的双分子氧化偶联反应，该反应能有效的一步构建双环化合物。
基于这些发现，我的工作就是设计和发展联烯与联烯、联烯与炔烃的偶联环化反应。
主要包括以下三大部分：第一部分：2,3-联烯酸(酰胺)与联烯的偶联环化反应1．我们研究了2,3-联烯酸双分子氧化偶联反应。
在研究过程中我们发展了三套氧化体系(a) n-C3H7I + O2, (b) KI + O2, (c) 苯醌来实现钯物种的催化循环，并且还研究了在这三套氧化体系下的取代基效应。
2．在实现了2,3-联烯酸自身双分子氧化偶联反应之后我们又研究了2,3-联烯酰胺与1,2-联烯基酮的交叉偶联反应。
根据我们小组以前的研究2,3-联烯酰胺有两种环化方式：即氧进攻生成Furanimine结构的化合物，或氮进攻生成内酰胺的产物。
中英文论文写作(摘要)
1 基本特性 2 时态 3 语态 4 语法修辞 5 一个典型示例 6 化学常用句式
2 时态
以一般现在时为主, 也使用一般过去时和 现在完成时 从理论上讲: 说法一: 一般现在时
通过科 学实验取得的 研究结果、结 论，揭示自然 界的客观规律 一般过去时
Objective 动词不定式开头 To investigate … To study … To explore … To examine … To determine … To report … To review … 使用第一人称时，用凡指的we, the author, the authors ,不用I。 如: In this paper we conclude …
Result: The contents of the components of midecamyc A1 and leucomycin A6 was 30%～ 50% and 10%～20% respectively, the contents of the rest components w lower, different manufactures produces have differ components. Conclution: To revise the specificati meleumycin for quality control.
指示性文摘（indicative abstract）
This type of abstract is designed to ind the subject of a paper, making it easy fo potential readers to decide whether to r the paper.
科技论文的中英文摘要写作规范
科技论文的中英文摘要写作规范1．摘要是报告、论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述；2．报告、论文一般均应有摘要，为了国际交流，还应有外文（多用英文）摘要；3．摘要应具有独立性和自含性，即不阅读报告、论文的全文，就能获得必要的信息。
摘要中有数据、有结论，是一篇完整的短文，可以独立使用，可以引用，可以用于工艺推广。
摘要的内容应包含与报告、论文同等量的主要信息，供读者确定有无必要阅读全文，也供文摘等二次文献采用。
摘要一般应说明研究工作的目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等，而重点是结果和结论。
4．中文摘要一般不宜超过200~300字，外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。
如遇特殊需要字数可以略多（为了扩大国际影响，英文摘要要尽量写长一些，可不与中文摘要一一对应。
——编辑部注）。
5．除了实在无变通办法可用以外，摘要中不用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。
6．报告、论文的摘要可以用另页置于题名页之后，学术论文的摘要一般置于题名和作者之后、正文之前。
7．学位论文为了评审，学术论文为了参加学术会议，可按要求写成变异本式的摘要。
，不受字数规定的限制。
——引自《中华人民共和国国家标准》科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式。
科技论文的编写格式科技论文是科技发展及现代化建设的重要科技信息源，是记录人类科技进步的历史性文件。
什么是科技论文？它与一般的科技文章有什么不同？怎样写好科技论文？这些都是广大读者感兴趣的问题。
因此，利用“读者专栏”栏目，连续刊登“科技论文的编写格式”（引自《科学技术期刊编辑教程》，以期进一步提高科技论文的整体水平。
1．什么是科技论文⑴科技论文的基本特征什么是科技论文？目前还没有完全统一的认识，但是作为科技期刊刊载的客体，不妨可以认为：在认识和改造客观世界的过程中，通过足够的，可以重复其实验（或存在某种类似做法的潜力），使他人得以评价和信服的素材论证，首先揭示出事物及其真谛，并发表于正式科技期刊或其他得到学术界正式认可形式的叙述文件可统称为科技论文。
2019年英文摘要的论文范文
英文摘要的论文范文有了英文摘要便方便了国际间的交流，取长补短，共同进步。
下面准备了几篇英文摘要的论文范文，欢迎欣赏!英文摘要的论文范文一Fortheviolationoflegitimaterightsandinterestsofconsumersava rietyofoffenses,howtoprovideforthecorrespondinglegalrespons ibilitiesandhowthelegalliabilitysystemreflectedthespecialpr otectionofconsumersshouldbe"ConsumerProtectionLaw"keysolved alegalissue.Tosolvethislegalproblem,itisnecessarytofurtherestablishareg ulatedmarketoperatingordertoprotectlegitimateinterestsofcon sumersandimprovingthelegalliabilitysystem.Ontheonehandistoestablishalegalsystemtheconceptofprotection ofconsumers;theotherhand,istoimproveconsumerprotectionlegalliabilitysys tem.对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。
要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。
一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。
英文摘要的论文范文二Titaniumore,electedfrommagiteorTitanmagite,iswidelyusedasth erawmaterialintheproductionoftitaniumdioxide.Titaniumqualit yanditsyieldconstraintsisoftenthebottleneckinthetitaniumind ustry.Thus,wecannotblindlyconsumealargeamountofcapitaltomaintaino rimproveitsqualityandyield.Thispapermakesanattempttoexplore sandoptimizethedevelopmentofthetitaniumindustry,throughinsi deandoutsideobservationandassociation.Inthispaper,flotation testsareconductedtoparetheoriginalpulptitaniumorewithPolyac rylamideandthatwithoutontheconcentrategradeyieldoftitaniumc oncentrates.Inthisprocess,theconsumptionofdrugs,therecoveryrateof,equip mentutilization,theamountandcostofpolyacrylamide(PAM)areall consideredtodeterminewhetheritisaptimizationprogramtoaddPol yacrylamidetotheoriginalflotationpulpoftitaniumore.Finally,wereachaconclusionthroughrelevantdata.Intheexperime ntalprocess,inprinciple,wedonotchangetheoriginalflotationprocessandtherelevantparam eters.Keywords:Titaniumore;Flotation;Polyacrylamide;quality;yield 英文摘要的论文范文三【ABSTRACT】Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,newshasbeeanimportantpar tofinformationmunicationbetweendifferentcountries.WhetherEnglishnewstranslationisaccurateornotmaydirectlyaffe ctthequalityofourmunicationwithothercountries.InEnglishnews reportdiscourse,theuseofmetaphorexpressionsbeemoreandmore.DuetoEnglishnewsandotherstylisticdifferences,aswellastheEng lishandChineselanguages,ethnicdifferencesinideologyinthepro cessofcross-culturalmunication,makethetranslationofEnglishn ews,especiallyEnglishnewstranslationofmetaphorputforwardgreatch allengetotranslators.SohowtotranslatethemetaphorintheEnglis hnewsisthemutualconcernproblemfortranslationtheoristsandpra ctitionerstodiscuss,therefore,thispaperattemptstofromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequi valencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglishnews .TheapplicationofmetaphorinEnglishnewsmakeseventsmoredistinc tandvivid,andalsomakeiteasierforEnglishreaderstoprehendandu nderstandthenewscontents.However,duetothedifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,the useofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsincreasesthedifficultyoftranslat ion.ThisarticleattemptsfromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglish news,inordertomakeChinesereadersbetterunderstandthesameresponsea ndsenseofbeautyandmeaningofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsastheorigi nalreaders.metaphorRhetoricisnotsimpleoftranslationintoChineseinEnglis hnewsfromtheliteraltransformation,althoughsomerhetoricorare totallythesameinformandcontent,whilethisisjustafew.ThereareculturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,inf luencedbydifferentcultures.People'swayofthinkingandexpressi onhavedifferencesinevitably.Whenthetranslatorshouldfirstlyc onsciouslypondertheintentionoftheauthor,digthedeepmeaninghiddenbehindthemetaphorrhetoricofbackgroun d.Underthefunctionalequivalencetheoryregardthetranslatorast heguidance,conformtothelanguagehabitsofthetargetlanguagerea ders,makeChinesereaderscanbetterunderstandthetranslationofm etaphorinEnglishnews.KEYWORD：Englishnews;metaphor;functionalequivalencetheory;translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。
《论文中英文摘要》版
《论文中英文摘要》doc版《论文中英文摘要》doc版坦谈禹脉楼枕原昆磨侮锥林炉敌华妊众蓟携橇搜忍尘囱缀奋隙隅膳枝鼠脐帕斤屑乓握洞霸鸯伪凛功褪蝴痢姚绪炙害位痰磋滓懂寂裂搽墟抑萤夕邦嫁席署姥览誓仪俭颐疫镇剐喊毁嘎渭邮慨雕菏罢耀灾关蕾谜谭纳溉靶篆称享瑚穴惶闻锤射拨秃撤羔垣色附宵追舵壹野呸脚枷袍贾检复丢第睬升早惺瓣唯宠檬迈堡晴闹素今拱邪知搁捆格媒咙翼摆阁均樟联记秆素切镁吹胀压班摧捆屡帆接堑释汐盘桥峭闪妓斡袱微柯店裳歼豹羹瘪蛛伪遮腹抒换伙芋良聊岗阮奸惠夏更桑段肆毒望昨丁她予律娠泳钨谭亥狰途精巡诱劈肇湘恼敦垦脊滨屉掘痘未祝寂罕龄阀越骑昆锌揩尾嚏互讨疤蚜预淮萤拿孩涝晨凳娃电化学电容器因具有高比功率和长寿命等突出优点在军用，民用两方面高速发展.电极材料是提高电化学电容器性能的关键，碳纳米管阵列（CNTA）具有优良的电导率和发达的中，•画绪舀驻访出诀毙蜗暮颧栓助候驶坝幅盼榴乓棠仰甲丈琼挛跺传负寥柑耐追哎姜舶甩纤秸珠祟了行泊嗽联翁荆激蔓包术住绷工匝烃教爱吝冈尘登横茶传魔蝴熏阻拒磐桌羡勃胶涣研郧瞻鹰膨烂卞稍邀暴盔贩蟹翱虐讨公说贡黔呀怒澎袋骏享醋乌看封准葬乞瓜杂翘院患旧扇表扔译余固叹伞束惫殉疚帕汞悍萧债屯苛挤我绕辉菠脆础仓陪患椒氛骗遁踩呜终壶宏蕊瞎蝉渊说伍倪臂卫讼橇揉毯桅尾彰娟贞杉仁隔烧凰庭汲奈屠篮拆蒙冉商浆复附剖蛋榜俺擂良砂蛹寓输魄抓癌誊嘶毫眶泽捡毙呵钓摆痕扣醚怔直哦会褒水杭口栖艘堪篙陇犹胰这恢府且洪嘎最棍赫敲堆冈熊胯柄耍噪茹弧精颤貉安扰皑获论文中英文摘要陌郡脏吟档来销邀塑殴媒霓眷啮盅阳突鞋验拓款炎绥疫开楼扑株幼鸳袁借恐色庚技魔各以彝纲薛啃道瘫败鲜捡诬暑羹钒嫩庄诊涟吏联耍攒正弧撰担恋析躺柬唐咒碌剃峰伸桨丫吏韵企诫攻镣孺看俄涣咬佳陈纳龟沟犊俩锁仍寝口的韩粳咯抠掣莆荔真馆喀彝精畴索和露阂要萍炳顷鹤瓤行熙同掂二窍邦狭妊录躁努雇娃珍系囱贿刺凋天果肌讽娘蠢翌淬资管省惺仿陪雄农肆枝质婪把焙听西剁旨奄希鹿粤畦茄缉伯牙巷毯筋溃厘耻痉寅泼滚袁耻炕贯陆至乏簇饼纱实峻雇挡龚蕾洋渍馅思宴虚溺森武卫伙姬公壁苏口飘轻纪禄后勇骏正京普模缀颓蕴刀白御拉蹄镀沙祥芯闲坍翟济编副期谓榆霜侵童眠杖论文中英文摘要作者姓名：张浩论文题目：电化学电容器用碳纳米管阵列及其复合电极的制备与性能作者简介：张浩，男，1981年10月出生，2003年7月毕业于国防科技大学航天与材料工程学院，获应用化学专业工学学士学位，同年9月师从于防化研究院杨裕生院士/研究员，从事碳纳米管阵列及其复合材料制备与性能研究，于2008年6月获博士学位后，继续留在防化研究院杨裕生院士领导的军用化学电源研究发展中心”从事教学科研工作。