句子成分与简单句
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式
英语句子的成分及简单句的五种基本句式Ⅰ. ▲句子成分分类1．主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：We didn’t have enough time to think about problems by ourselves. We had to do muchhomework after class. She enjoys reading books and listening to music.Every coin has two sides（任何事物都有两面性）Three are enough.To spit in public is not polite. What to do next is not clear.Seeing English films is a good way to learn English well.Shopping on line has many advantages.What we need is food.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：It took two workers about three months to build the house.I t’s our duty to protect the environment.It’s very exciting not to have extra classes on holidays.It is important for us to obey traffic rules.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to go online2．谓语:谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
英语句子成分及五种简单句
❖ We elected him monitor 名词作宾补 ❖ We will make them happy 形容词作宾补 ❖ We found nobody in 副词作宾补 ❖ Please make yourself at home 介词短语作宾补 ❖ Don’t let him do that 省to不定式名词作宾补
定语:是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语或句子;
汉语中常用‘……的’表示
❖ ①Mary is a chemistry teacher 名词作定语 ❖ ②He is our friend 代词作定语 ❖ ③We belong to the third world 数词作定语 ❖ ④He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson 形
容词作定语 ❖ ⑤The man over there is my old friend 副词作定语
⑥The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister 介词短 语作定语 ⑦The boys playing football are in Class 2 现在分词短语 作定语 ⑧The trees planted last year are growing well now 过去分 词作定语 ⑨I have an idea to do it well 不定式作定语 ⑩You should do everything that I do 定语从句作定语
句子成分、简单句、并列句与复合句
一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各 个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要 成分和次要成分。 主要成分：主语和谓语。 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、 宾语补足语、+ 谓语 (S + vi.) An accident happened yesterday. S vi. 2、主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (S + V + P) 3、主语 + 谓语 + 单宾语 (S + vt. + O) 4、主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾 (S + vt. + O + O) 5、主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补 (S + vt. + O + OC)
3、 并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither… nor…, then等连接。 e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
(2)主系表型(S＋V＋P) 句中的谓语由连系动词加上表语构成。此类简单 句主要反映事物的性质、特征或状态。
注意 系动词有三类，具体如下：
① 表状态： be, seem, appear( 显得 ) ， go( 变成 ), stand(坐落)，stay(保持), lie(位于), keep(保持) ②表感官： look(看上去), sound(听起来)， smell(闻 起来), feel(感觉), taste(尝起来) ③表变化：get(变得)，become(成为), turn(变成)， grow(渐渐变成)，come(成为)
句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型
❖ 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的 动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
❖2. 位于在be动词, 系动词后面。
You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.
系动词（必背）
❖be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持
*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
基本句型1 Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特
点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
基本句型2 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
定语
❖ 用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形 容词的修饰作用，
The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.
简单句的五种句型
句子成分句子结构
句子成分句子结构
句子成分是组成句子的各个部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
句子结构指的是句子的整体组织结构，包括简单句、复合句和并列句等。
句子成分主要有以下几种：
1.主语：句子中执行动作或被描述的主要名词或代词。
例句：Tom is a teacher.（Tom是主语）
2.谓语：句子中表示动作、状态或存在的动词或动词短语。
例句：She is reading a book.（is reading是谓语）
3.宾语：句子中接在动词后面，接受动作的名词或代词。
例句：I bought a new car.（a new car是宾语）
4.表语：句子中用来说明主语的名词、形容词、副词等。
例句：The food is delicious.（delicious是表语）
5.定语：句子中用来修饰名词或代词的词组或从句。
例句：The red dress is beautiful.（red是定语）
6.状语：句子中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的短语或从句。
例句：He runs fast.（fast是状语）
句子结构主要有以下几种：
1.简单句：只包含一个主语和一个谓语的句子。
例句：Mary likes ice cream.
2.复合句：包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子。
3.并列句：由两个或多个相互独立的简单句通过连词连接而成的句子。
例句：She likes to dance, and he likes to sing.。
句子成分及简单句的五种形式
句子成分及简单句的五种形式简单句的五种形式：1.主语+谓语（vi）2.主语+谓语+宾语（vt）3.主语+系动词+表语系动词：(1) be(2) become get grow turn come go fall(3) look smell taste sound feel(4) remain hold keep stand stay(5) turn out prove(6) seem appear4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（复合宾语）elect,feel,find get, have, hear, imagine, keep, make, notice, see, let, smell, start ,watch, appoint, believe, call, catch ,allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, know,tell, think, want, wish, listen to, look at5.主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）give, bring, tell, send, leave, pass, read, write, take, wish, show ,teach ,get ,award, lend, rent, buy ,pay, hand, recommend句子成分1 主语( 动作的发出者，是一个句子的主体，必须用主格形式I you he she we they)He is a boy. The book is interesting.To find a good friend is difficult.Smoking is bad for your health.What is more important is how to get there.2 宾语（动作的承受着，放在及物动词的后边，必须用宾格形式me you him her us them)We often do homework at 6.I teach him English.I don’t know how to do it.We all believe he is honest.3 谓语（既是动词，表示具体的动作，分为及物动词和不及物动词）Later land animals appeared.The scene looks real.We can’t put up with the pollution.4 主语补足语既主补，用来补充说明主语，可以由名词形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词副词等充当。
初中英语 五种简单句与六种句子成分
• 常跟双宾语的动词 • +to • bring, give, lend, offer, pass, send,
show, tell, write, ask等 • +for • buy, cook, draw, make, order等
Learning from practice
• 社区服务给做坏事的人一个机会。 • community • wrongdoers • Community services offer wrongdoers an opportunity.
定语
• 形容词作定语： • The little boy needs a blue pen. • 数词作定语相当于形容词： • There are two boys in the room. • 代词或名词所有格作定语： • His name is Tom. • 介词短语作定语： • The boy in blue is Tom. • 名词作定语： • There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.
宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作, 状态,特征.
• 1) Many hands make work light. • 2) They believe it of no value. • 3) The policemen do not allow anyone to enter. • 4) He found his money stolen. • 5) Education has made him what he is today.
D. was a strong influence on her work
Practice makes perfect
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
句子成分和简单句五个基本句型
句子成分和简单句五个基本句型一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
（一）主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）2.We often speak English in class.（代词）3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）5.Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）6.The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（二）谓语谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：We are students.（三）表语表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型
英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型英语句子成分及简单句5种基本句型一、英语句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
现将不同句子成分的用法列举如下：1. 主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
如：It's getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
如：Mother bought me a birthday present. 妈给我买了个生日礼物。
We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于系动词之后，形成英语独有的主系表结构。
如：Be careful! 小心!All the students are lovely. 所有的学生都很可爱。
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
4. 宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
如：He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。
如：He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
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主语 + 不及物动词
(S+V)
主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 S+V+O 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P) 主语 + 及物动词 +间宾（人）+ 直宾（物） (S +V +IO +DO) 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 (S+V+O+C)
请根据以下内容写一篇关于爷爷的短 文：我的爷爷是位退休教师。现在他 和我们住在一起。他在阳台上种了各 种各样的花。花儿使我们家变得更加 漂亮。爷爷给我们带来了许多快乐。 【写作要求】 1.只能使用5 个句子表达全部内容； 2.尽量使用简单句的五种基本句型。
That they are in need of help ____ is 6. _____
obvious.
It is obvious _____ that they are in 7. _____
need of help.
it to learn 8. We think _____ important ________
三、表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态， 它一般位于连系动词之后。 He is an American. The apple tastes sweet. Is it yours? Three times seven is twenty-one. His job is to teach English. His hobby is playing football.
五、修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 Guilin is a beautiful city. There are thirty women teachers in our school. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. You should follow the doctor’s advice and do more exercises. Our monitor is always the first to enter the class.
句子成分与句子结构
了解英语句子的成分，掌握英语句 子的结构，是英语阅读和写作的必备基 础，不但有助于正确理解英语句子的意 思，而且也是写出正确英语句子的前提。 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要 成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、 定语、宾语、状语、补足语和同位语。
+ ving (现在进行时)
be + p.p （被动语态）
have \ has + p.p.（现在完成时）
shall \ should \ will \ would + 动词原形
do \ does \ did
来加强语气。
用于否定句或疑问句，也可用
I do like English.
4) 情态动词： 不能独立作谓语，必须和动词原形连 用，没有人称和数的变化。 can, may, must, shall, will, dare, ought to, need, used to
二、谓语 谓语说明主语发生的动作、行为或处于的状态， 分简单谓语和复合谓语。 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. She takes good care of her sick mother. 2.复合谓语 （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. （2）由动词加表语构成。 We are students. He looked a bit excited.
(learn) English well. reasonable 9. The price sounds ___________(reason). beautiful girl sings ___________ beautifully 10. The _________ (beautiful).
crossing \ cross the road. 11. I saw him ________________
一．Warming-up exercises: ng (see) is __________ believing (believe ). 1. Seei ______
Singing 2. _______(sing) in the bath is his habit. are rich 3.The _____(rich) ____(be) not always happy. determined politician. She is 4. She is a ___________ famous for her determination ____________(determine). give me I ) a book. 5. Please ______(give)_____(
He works in a big company . 句型： 主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V) 没有被动语态
不及物动词:不能直接接宾语r music.
He began learning English.
She knows what to do next.
2) To see is to believe.
3) What you said is wrong. 4) That he is able to pass the exam is clear. 5) It is clear that he is able to pass the exam.
6) I don’t know what to do next. 7) You should believe what you do and
(practise) all morning.
say 14. I won’t have you ________ (say) such things.
一、主语 主语是谓语动作的发生者
The sun rises from the east.（名词） We often speak English in class.（ 代词 ） 数词 Two plus two is four.（ ） To read more books gives me more help. （不定式 ） Smoking does harm to the health.（ ） The young are fond of sports.（ ） 动名词 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided yet.（ ） the+ 形容词 从句
5) They won’t let me go .
We must keep the room clean.
We found the book interesting.
句型：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(S+V+O+C)
More exercises:
1) Seeing is believing .
prove, turn out to be
四、宾语：由名词、代词（宾格）、名词性从 句（宾语从句）、to do \ doing 等充当，放在及 物动词之后或用形式宾语。
1） 我想要本书。 I want a book . 2） 请不要讲话。
Please stop talking .
3） 我们非常尊重他。 We respect him very much . 4） 我发现学好英语很重要。 We find it important to learn English well.
My grandfather is a retired teacher. Now he lives with us .He has grown all kinds of flowers on the balcony. The flowers make our home more beautiful. My grandfather brings us much happiness.
Revision
1） The weather is very cold
She felt happy.
He became a doctor.
句型：主语 + 连系动词 + 表语
(S+V+P)
读下面句子，然后划分句子成分，并判断句 子类型。 2） A bird can fly.
Winter is coming.
句型：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 S+V+O
4） He teaches us English.
Father bought me a new bicycle.
This gave us great encouragement.
句型：主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾 （人）+ 直宾（物 (S +V +IO +DO)
常见的连系动词有: be ,become, get, turn, grow, go, look, appear, seem, remain, keep, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove…
一个be (am,is, are,was,were) 两个似 appear,seem 三个保持 keep,stay, remain 四个变 go,get,turn,become 五个感官 look,sound,smell,taste,feel 还有fall 与 grow 不能漏。