中国石化职称英语(油气工程)
UNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福TextRead the text. Answer the given questions and translate the underlined sentences or paragraphs into Chinese.In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.Step 1: Peace and quietJonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.Step 2: RelationshipsThis is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.Step 3: ShareIf you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution?3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?4. Where does the unhappiness come from?5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?ExercisesA. Translate the following sentences into English.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。
2．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。
3．我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。
4．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。
5．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。
B. Read the text and translate it into Chinese.There are many benefits to being happy. Happier people tend to be healthier, live longer and eam more. They also tend to volunteer more, be better at relationships and smile mo re of what psychologists call “Duchenne" or genuine smiles. What is less well understood is why happiness is contagious.According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis, authors of the international bestseller Connected, people surrounded by many happy friends, family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become significantly happier in the future. More specificallyi they say we will become 25 per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a mile of us becomes significantly happier with his or her life.Similar effects are seen in co-resident spouses (8 per cent happier); siblings who live within a mile of eachother (14 per cent); and next-door neighbours (34 per cent). What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact (due to physical proximity) than on deep social connections. Alas, for some reason this doesn't translate to the workplace.So, why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people share their good fortune with their friends and family (for example, by being pragmatically helpful or financially generous). Another reason could be that happy people tend to change their behaviour for the better by being nicer or less hostile to those close to them. Or it could just be that positive emotions are highly contagious.【课文参考译文】过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。
在这个公式中，H （幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。
本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。
第一步：平和宁静乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。
巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。
中石油职称英语词汇
中石油职称英语词汇中石油职称英语词汇是指与中国石油公司职称相关的英语词汇。
作为中国最大的石油和化工企业，中国石油公司拥有众多的职称，涵盖了各个职能部门和岗位。
掌握中石油职称英语词汇对于从事石油行业的人员来说，是一种必备的能力。
以下是一些与中石油职称相关的英语词汇：1. Petroleum Engineer（石油工程师）: A professional who specializes in the exploration, extraction, and production of oil and gas.2. Geologist（地质学家）: A scientist who studies the origin, history, and structure of the Earth's crust, with a focus on identifying potential oil and gas reservoirs.3. Reservoir Engineer（油藏工程师）: A specialist in the evaluation and management of oil and gas reservoirs, including optimizing production methods and estimating reserves.4. Drilling Engineer（钻井工程师）: An expert in planning and overseeing the drilling of oil and gas wells, ensuring safe and efficient operations.5. Production Engineer（生产工程师）: A professional responsible for optimizing oil and gas production processes, including managing equipment and troubleshooting production issues.6. Pipeline Engineer（管道工程师）: An engineer who designs, constructs, and maintains pipelines for transporting oil and gas over long distances.7. Refinery Operator（炼油厂操作员）: A technician responsible for operating and maintaining equipment in oil refineries, ensuring the efficient conversion of crude oil into various petroleum products.8. Safety Inspector（安全检查员）: A professional who conducts inspections and audits to ensure compliance with safety regulations and procedures in the oil and gas industry.9. Environmental Specialist（环境专家）: An expert in environmental regulations and practices, responsible for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of oil and gas operations.10. Project Manager（项目经理）: A professional who oversees the planning, execution, and control of oil and gas projects, ensuring they are completed on time and within budget.11. Finance Analyst（财务分析师）: An expert in financial analysis and planning, responsible for evaluating the financial performance of oil and gas projects and providing recommendations for improvement.以上只是中石油职称英语词汇中的一部分，涵盖了石油行业的各个方面。
中石化2017年高级职称英语考试参考书(全)石化
炼化工程UNIT 1 Composition of Petroleum石油的组成Read the text and translate it into Chinese.complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other reagents used to make plastics and pharmaceuticals.the petroleum mixture.and form natural gas condensate, often shortened to condensate. Condensate gasoline in appearance and is similar in composition to some volatile light crude oils.Translate the following paragraph into English.有粗柴油加氢脱硫的工艺装置。
【课文参考译文】的消费产品，从汽油、煤油到沥青以及用作制造塑料和药品的化学试剂。
油和天然气主要是烃类混合物。
在地面压力和温度条件下，轻质的碳氢化合物甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和丁烷以气体的形式出现，而重质的碳氢化合物如戊烷和重于戊烷的烃都是以液体或固体的形式出现。
然而，在地下油藏，气体或液体的比例变化的取决于亚地表层条件和石油混合物的相图。
力，一些气体将从溶液中溢出，或者以伴生气或溶解气被回收（或燃烧）从气体中析出，形成天然气的凝聚物，经常简称为凝析油。
组成类似于一些挥发性的轻原油。
【练习参考答案】deposits, but the magnitude of the effect is still a matter of some controversy.gas oils are commonly installed in refineries.UNIT 2 Petrochemicals石化产品Read the text and translate it into Chinese.Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either are, not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures hydrocarbons.can be made from other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of identification.various compound types to basic chemical reactions, such as oxidation,nitration, dehydrogenation, addition, polymerization, and alkylation. Theweight paraffins and olefins, as found in natural gas and refinery gases, and theof products is being prepared from the heavier fractions of petroleum. For example,may be regarded as chemical entities and are able to participate in numerous easily or the formation of products bearing functional groups that may be Translate the following paragraph into English.石化工业的初始原料大概通过一到两种方法从原油中提取。
中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.a. carried onb. carried awayc. carried outd. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social andpolitical upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants andanimals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security systemduring their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constantor declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of theoriginal set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock foran enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond. will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of thegifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big eno ugh to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week.A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come upwith a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but ittakes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer from the passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them eventhough they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North American continentd. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the PressComplaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favorof the press51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?a. The members of Calcutt committeeb. royal familyc. pop starsd. somegovernment leaders52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?a. To disclose criminal activityb. To be in agreement with Privacy Lawc. To gain popular supportd. To protect the privilegedQuestions 53-56When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.53. The best title for the passage is _________a. Games for Animalsb. The Origins and Meaning of Playc. A Playful View of Modern Philosophyd. The Role of Sport in Child Development54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________a. gain pleasureb. learn specific behavior patternsc. delight their ownersd. exercise their growing muscles55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____a. understand their childrenb. interact more with animals and naturec. channel their creativityd. improve their physical strength56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?a. snobbishb. wealthyc. royald. admirableQuestion 57-60To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan ofthe planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?a. Unknownb. Twoc. threed. one58. What does the underlined word mean in “One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”a. Performanceb. Standardc. Experimentd. Repetition59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representingmore geographical areasb. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of theenvironmentc. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environmentmore costly60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the mostpromising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.a. Broasbalk Experimentb. Good Laboratory Practicec. Environmental Change Networkd. Standard Operating ProceduresCloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. markedTranslation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.解析：I. Vocabulary(20 points)1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5. a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. 在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。
中石化外语考试油气5篇
an introduction to distillation蒸馏概述1. petroleum refining is the separation of petroleum into fractions and the subsequent treating of these fractions to make them into petroleum products. most petroleum products, including kerosenes, fuel oils, lubricating oils, and waxes, are fractions of petroleum that have been treated to remove undesirable components. other products, for example, gasolines, aromatic solvents, and even some asphalts, are totally or partly synthetic in that they have compositions that are impossible to achieve by direct separation of these materials from crude petroleum. they result from chemical processes that change the molecular nature of selected portions of crude petroleum; in other words, they are the products of refining or they are refined products. 1．石油炼制即将石油分离成各种馏分，然后将这些馏分经过处理，制成各种石油产品。
2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案
2023中石油职称英语考试真题及答案2023 Sinopec Title English Exam Questions and AnswersIntroduction:For those working in the petroleum industry, obtaining a professional title is essential for career advancement. In China, Sinopec, one of the largest oil and gas companies, conducts annual title exams for employees to test their knowledge and skills in various aspects of the industry. The following are the English exam questions and answers for the 2023 Sinopec title exam.Exam Questions:Section 1: Vocabulary and Terminology1. What is the definition of "reservoir" in the oil and gas industry?a) A storage tank for crude oilb) An underground formation where oil and gas are trappedc) A pipeline used to transport petroleum productsd) A device used to measure oil reserves2. What does the term "upstream" refer to in the petroleum industry?a) Exploration and production of crude oil and natural gasb) Refining and processing of crude oil into petroleum productsc) Transportation and distribution of petroleum productsd) Marketing and sales of petroleum products3. Define the term "fracking" in the context of oil and gas extraction.a) A method of drilling using high-pressure water to extract oil and gasb) A process of sealing wellbores to prevent leaksc) A technique for measuring the viscosity of crude oild) A system for monitoring underground pressure in a reservoirSection 2: Technical Knowledge4. What is the primary purpose of a wellbore in oil and gas drilling?a) To store extracted oil and gasb) To transport oil and gas to the surfacec) To inject water or chemicals into the reservoird) To access and extract oil and gas from underground formations5. What is the typical composition of natural gas?a) Methaneb) Ethanolc) Dieseld) Gasoline6. What is the process of "fractionation" in oil refining?a) Separating crude oil into different components based on boiling pointsb) Mixing different grades of crude oil to create a new productc) Adding additives to improve the quality of gasolined) Collecting natural gas from underground reservoirsSection 3: Case Studies7. A drilling operation in a remote location is facing challenges with equipment maintenance and transportation logistics. How would you address these issues to ensure efficient operations?8. A refinery is experiencing pressure to reduce emissions and improve environmental performance. Provide recommendations for implementing sustainable practices in the refining process.Answers:1. b) An underground formation where oil and gas are trapped2. a) Exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas3. a) A method of drilling using high-pressure water to extract oil and gas4. d) To access and extract oil and gas from underground formations5. a) Methane6. a) Separating crude oil into different components based on boiling points7. To address equipment maintenance challenges, regular inspections and preventive maintenance schedules should be implemented. For transportation logistics, alternative transportation modes such as helicopters or drones can be considered.8. Recommendations for reducing emissions and improving environmental performance in a refinery include investing in pollution control technologies, optimizing energy efficiency, and utilizing renewable energy sources.Conclusion:The 2023 Sinopec title exam is designed to assess employees' knowledge and skills in various aspects of the oil and gas industry. By preparing for and successfully passing this exam, professionals can demonstrate their expertise and competency in their field, leading to career advancement opportunities within the company.。
中石化高级职称英语2024
中石化高级职称英语2024As a professional in the field of senior title English for China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec), it is essential to continuously improve and enhance one's English language skills. The ability to communicate effectively in English is crucial for professionals in the globalized business environment. Sinopec, being a leading energy and chemical company in China, requires its employees to have a high level of proficiency in English, especially for those holding senior positions. Therefore, the 中石化高级职称英语2024 exam is a significant milestone for professionals aiming to advance their careers within the company.From a personal perspective, preparing for the 中石化高级职称英语2024 exam is a challenging yet rewarding experience. It requires a significant amount of dedication, time, and effort to study and improve one's English language skills to meet the high standards set by Sinopec. As a professional, the ability to communicate effectivelyin English not only opens up opportunities for careeradvancement within the company but also allows for better collaboration and communication with international partners and clients. Therefore, the exam holds great importance in my professional development and growth within Sinopec.From a professional perspective, achieving a high score in the 中石化高级职称英语2024 exam is crucial for demonstrating one's proficiency in the English language. It is a reflection of one's ability to effectively communicate, negotiate, and collaborate in English, which are essential skills for senior positions within Sinopec. Moreover, ahigh score in the exam can also enhance one's credibility and reputation within the company, showcasing a commitmentto continuous improvement and excellence in professional development. Therefore, from a professional standpoint, the exam serves as a validation of one's language skills and competencies in the global business environment.From a company perspective, the 中石化高级职称英语2024 exam is a way for Sinopec to ensure that its employees possess the necessary English language skills to thrive in an increasingly globalized and competitive industry. As aleading energy and chemical company, Sinopec operates on a global scale, requiring its employees to interact with international partners, clients, and stakeholders. Therefore, the exam serves as a means for the company to assess and validate the English language proficiency of its employees, ensuring that they can effectively represent the company on the international stage.From a broader societal perspective, the 中石化高级职称英语2024 exam reflects the growing importance of English language proficiency in China's professional landscape. As the country continues to expand its global presence, proficiency in English has become a valuable asset for professionals across various industries. The exam serves as a testament to the increasing emphasis on English language skills in China, highlighting the need for professionals to adapt to the demands of the globalized business environment.In conclusion, the 中石化高级职称英语2024 exam holds significant importance from personal, professional, company, and societal perspectives. It represents a crucial opportunity for professionals within Sinopec to demonstratetheir English language proficiency, enhance their career prospects, and contribute to the company's success in the global market. As such, the exam serves as a reflection of the evolving professional landscape in China and the increasing importance of English language skills in the global business environment.。
2011版中国石化专业技术人员英语学习(职称英语)通用英语+油气工程+炼化工程+英汉互译题集
If you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved yourwellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.
第一部分通用英语
UNIT 1 How to be Happy
Read the text. Answer the given questions and translate the underlined sentences or paragraphs into Chinese.
In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.
Similar effects are seen in co-resident spouses (8 per cent happier); siblings who live within a mile of each other (14 per cent); and next-door neighbours (34 per cent). What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact (due to physical proximity) than on deep social connections. Alas, for some reason this doesn't translate to the workplace.
24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷
24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) is one of the largest integrated energy and chemical companies in China. With 24 years of experience in the industry, professionals at Sinopec are required to take the professional title English exam to demonstrate their expertise and qualifications.The Sinopec professional title English exam is designed to assess the English proficiency and industry knowledge of professionals working in the oil and gas sector. The exam typically consists of three parts: reading comprehension, writing, and industry-specific knowledge.In the reading comprehension section, candidates are tested on their ability to understand and analyze written information related to the oil and gas industry. This may include articles on new technologies, market trends, environmental issues, and regulatory updates. Candidates are required to answer questions that demonstrate their comprehension skills, critical thinking, and ability to draw logical conclusions.The writing section of the exam tests candidates' ability to communicate effectively in written English. Candidates may be asked to write an essay, a report, a letter, or a proposal on agiven topic. They are evaluated based on their grammar, vocabulary, coherence, organization, and overall writing skills.The industry-specific knowledge section of the exam focuses on testing candidates' understanding of the technical aspects of the oil and gas industry. This may include questions on drilling operations, refining processes, distribution systems, safety regulations, environmental practices, and industry trends. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their knowledge of key concepts, terminology, and best practices in the field.Overall, the Sinopec professional title English exam plays a crucial role in assessing the competency and readiness of professionals in the oil and gas industry. By successfully passing the exam, professionals can enhance their credentials, advance their careers, and contribute to the growth and success of Sinopec and the industry as a whole.。
中石化职称英语之油气田工程部分word版__1 Origin of oil and gas
Origin of oil and gasOil and gas result most form dead microorganisms buried quickly in anoxic environments where oxygen is so scarce that they do not decompose. This lack of oxygen enables them to maintain their hydrogen-carbon bonds, a necessary ingredient for the production of fossil fuels. New developing ocean basins, formed by plate tectonics and continental rifting (deformation), provide just the right conditions for rapid burial in anoxic waters. Rivers fill these basins with sediments carrying abundant organic remains. Because the basins have constricted water circulation, they also have lower oxygen levels than the open ocean.Plate tectonics is also responsible for creating the pressure cooker that slowly matures the organics into oil and gas. This process usually takes millions of years, giving the oil and gas deposits time to migrate around the globe on the back of plate eventually force their way to the surface. Alternatively, rifting, collision between landmasses and other tectonic forces can free the mature oil and gas from deep within sedimentary basins and then trap these organic fluids in reservoir before they escape to the earth’s surface .we know these reservoirs as oil and gas fielding.The same plate tectonics that creates the locations and conditions for anoxic burial is also responsible for the geologic paths that these sedimentary basins subsequently take .continental drift, seduction (where one plate thrusts under another) and collision with other continents provide the movement from swamps river deltas and mild climates where most organic are deposited to the poles and deserts, where they have ended up today by coincidence.石油和天然气大多是由缺氧环境下迅速被掩埋的死亡微生物生成。
2023中石油职称英语
2023中石油职称英语
中石油职称英语是指中国石油企业中员工在职称评定中需要使用的英语词汇和表达。
在中石油企业中，职称评定是员工职业发展中非常重要的一部分，而英语作为国际通用的语言，在职称评定中也占据着重要的地位。
2023年的中石油职称英语可能涉及到各个领域的专业术语和表达，比如石油勘探、生产、储运、销售等方面的英语词汇。
在石油勘探方面，可能涉及到地质勘探的相关术语，如seismic exploration（地震勘探）、well logging（测井）、drilling（钻探）等；在生产方面，可能涉及到油田开发和生产管理的英语表达，比如production optimization（生产优化）、reservoir engineering（油藏工程）等；在储运方面，可能涉及到管道运输、储存和销售方面的英语词汇，比如pipeline transportation（管道运输）、storage tank（储罐）等。
此外，中石油职称英语还可能涉及到管理和商务方面的英语表达，比如leadership skills（领导能力）、project management （项目管理）、negotiation（谈判）等。
综合来说，中石油职称英语涉及到的内容十分广泛，涵盖了石油行业的方方面面。
为了在职称评定中取得好成绩，员工需要系统地学习和掌握与自己专业相关的英语词汇和表达，同时也要注重实际运用能力的培养，比如阅读英文文献、与国外同行交流等。
只有全面提升自己的英语水平，才能在职称评定中脱颖而出。