英语语言文化赏析课件1

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1.英语是语调语言,语音表意手段主要是语调和重音.
You may ˊnot go. 你不可以去. You ˊ may not go. 你可以不去. You said he would COME. YOU said he would come. You said HE would come.
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英语:重理性、重分析、重个体、严谨
汉语:重感性、重悟性、重整体、含蓄
门吱呀一声开了, 进来一个人.
The door squeaks open and in comes a person.
人生来平等。
All men are created equal.
做人难，做女人难，做名女人更难。
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1.汉语是意合,以神统形,注重逻辑,隐形连贯.
人不犯我,我不犯人。
We will not attack unless we are attacked.
人到事中迷,就怕没人提.
When a man is lost in a labyrinth, what he needs badly is a hint. There is no difference but difference of degrees between different degrees of difference and no difference.
out of question out of the question take a chair take the chair
a hundred and one one hundred and one
She was with a child. She was with child.
I have lived here for our school.a year. They are students of more than I have lived here fore of our school. year. They are the students more than one
喝水不忘掘井人
When you drink water, think of those who dug the well.
他一家子在这儿,他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？跑了和尚跑不了庙！.
Escape? But his home and property can ’t escape. ‘The monk may run away, but the temple can’t run with him!’”
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3.汉语注重音节均匀，成双成对:对偶,排比,反复,叠音
行行过太行, 迢迢赴延安. 细细问故旧, 星星数鬓斑.
--- 陈毅
On and on past Taihang we walk By and by to Yanan we make our way Again and again with old friends we talk, One by one we count our hairs grey.
他正在干什么?
John voted with the Tories.
John 投票支持保守党.
He is a man above vulgar interests.
他是一个脱离了低级趣味的人.
It looks as if we are in for a storm.
看来我们免不了要碰上一场暴风雨了.
• From Structure
• From intonation
• From Meaning
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1. 英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化.
English : gender, number, case, tense, voice, mood, degree of comparison, person and parts of speech.
Shall we go?
打吧,打不下去;跑吧,跑不了,敌人只好投降.
Unable to fight on or to escape, the enemy were forced to surrender.
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3.英语常用介词,汉语则少用介词.
What is he at?
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2.英语是形合语言,必须使用关联词,以形式连接词语句 Man proposes, God disposes. No discord, no concord. The enemy advances, we retreat; the enemy camps we harass; the enemy tires, we attack; the enemy retreats, we pursue.
It is difficult for everyone to live in this world, esp. a famous woman.
请你画一个大树，树根、树干、树枝、树丫、树叶都必须画全。
Please draw a complete tree, roots and all. (with its roots, trunks, branches, twigs, leaves …)
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Translation Exercise:
In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors. Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? A strange peace came over her when she was alone. Fears began to take entire possession of him.
多一点困难怕什么？封锁吧，封锁十年八年，中国的一 切问题就解决了。 What matters if we have to face some difficulties? Let them blockade us! Let them … ! By that time, all of china’s problems will be solved.
汉语: 数量助词,动态助词,结构助词
I gave him a book. He has given me two books. 他给了我两本书. 他爸爸常常给他一些书.His father often gives him books.
我给了他一本书.
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2.英语经常使用定冠词和不定冠词.
You SAID he would come.
You SAID he would COME.
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2. 汉语是声调语言,语音表意手段主要是声调.
我的衣服／我的姨夫 我爱马／我挨骂 我叫他去。 I’ll ask him to go. I’ll go and call him. 我想起来了。 I’ll get up. I’ve thought it out..
If a man couldn’t walk into a room and tell who was for him and who was against him, then he wasn’t much of a politician.
要是一个人不能一上任就看出谁支持他,谁反对他,那他就不配搞政治
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when those above behave unworthily, those below will do the same.
上梁不正下梁歪。
Until all is over, ambition never dies.
不到黄河心不死。
无官一身轻 One who has no official duties has a light heart.
--- 许渊冲ຫໍສະໝຸດ Learning English Is Fun
Translation exercises
It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
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Discussion: Based on the differences between Chinese and English, what techniques do we often use in E-C or C-E translation ? 1. 英译汉往往要破句重组。 2. 英语用指物主语的句子，汉译改用指人主语。 3. 汉译要用实词代替英语原句中的虚词（介词等）。
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A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English