抗生素英文课件精品 Antibioticsand Antibiotic resistance
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抗生素基础知识ppt课件
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名词浅释
化学治疗药物(chemotherapeutic agents) 抗感染药物(anti-infection agents) 抗微生物药物(anti-microbial agents) 抗生素(antibiotics) 抗菌素(antibacterium) 抗菌药物(antibacterial agents)
中重度感染和复杂性细菌感染经验性治疗首选 用药
水分控制严格,安全性非常高。水分均匀度国家 标准为不得过4%，企业内控标准为不得过 2.3%
1.0 g/瓶26Biblioteka 注射用头孢他啶（积大西帝 ）
抗绿脓杆菌首选药物 严重感染首选经验治疗用药 对β-内酰胺稳定性高 1.0 g/瓶
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注射用头孢曲松钠（消可治 ）
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第二代头孢菌素
头孢克洛 、头孢孟多、头孢呋辛、头孢西丁 常用于治疗大肠杆菌、克雷白杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、枸椽
酸杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、淋球菌、脑膜炎球菌、沙门菌属、 志贺菌属等所致的呼吸道、胆道、肠道尿路及软组织、骨 关节、妇产科感染。
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头孢克洛干混悬剂 （积大尤卡）
儿科抗感染首选口服第二代头孢菌素 抗菌谱广，不易耐药 细小颗粒、气芳香、味甜 0.125 g*6袋/盒
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头孢菌素类抗生素
根据抗生素的抗菌谱及抗菌活性划分为四代
对G+菌的 对G-菌的 对β-内酰胺酶 对肾的
效果
效果
的稳定性
毒性
一代头孢 + + +
+
+
++
二代头孢 + +
++
++
+
三代头孢 +
名词浅释
化学治疗药物(chemotherapeutic agents) 抗感染药物(anti-infection agents) 抗微生物药物(anti-microbial agents) 抗生素(antibiotics) 抗菌素(antibacterium) 抗菌药物(antibacterial agents)
中重度感染和复杂性细菌感染经验性治疗首选 用药
水分控制严格,安全性非常高。水分均匀度国家 标准为不得过4%，企业内控标准为不得过 2.3%
1.0 g/瓶26Biblioteka 注射用头孢他啶（积大西帝 ）
抗绿脓杆菌首选药物 严重感染首选经验治疗用药 对β-内酰胺稳定性高 1.0 g/瓶
27
注射用头孢曲松钠（消可治 ）
21
第二代头孢菌素
头孢克洛 、头孢孟多、头孢呋辛、头孢西丁 常用于治疗大肠杆菌、克雷白杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、枸椽
酸杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、淋球菌、脑膜炎球菌、沙门菌属、 志贺菌属等所致的呼吸道、胆道、肠道尿路及软组织、骨 关节、妇产科感染。
22
头孢克洛干混悬剂 （积大尤卡）
儿科抗感染首选口服第二代头孢菌素 抗菌谱广，不易耐药 细小颗粒、气芳香、味甜 0.125 g*6袋/盒
16
头孢菌素类抗生素
根据抗生素的抗菌谱及抗菌活性划分为四代
对G+菌的 对G-菌的 对β-内酰胺酶 对肾的
效果
效果
的稳定性
毒性
一代头孢 + + +
+
+
++
二代头孢 + +
++
++
+
三代头孢 +
抗生素作用机制(英文PPT)Antibiotics that Inhibit Cell Wall S
1 They are the number most prescribed group of drugs.
Antibiotics and their Targets
DNA RNA Protein
Replication RNA Polymerase
Ribosome
Cell Wall Synthesis Proteins
Bacterial Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan wall = linear polymers alternating N-acglucosamine and N-ac-muramic acid, cross linked by short peptides. Three stages of synthesis: monomer synthesis, glycan chain formation, cross linking of peptidoglycan chains. ß-Lactams = penicillins and cephalosporins are most important Vancomycin = Blocks cell wall synthesis by other mechanisms and so helps handle resistance to ß-Lactams. Resistance = an alarming problem.
Cell wall
Lecture Plan
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors RNA Polymerase Inhibition DNA Replication Inhibitors Translation Inhibitors Metronidazole
Antibiotics and their Targets
DNA RNA Protein
Replication RNA Polymerase
Ribosome
Cell Wall Synthesis Proteins
Bacterial Cell Wall
Peptidoglycan wall = linear polymers alternating N-acglucosamine and N-ac-muramic acid, cross linked by short peptides. Three stages of synthesis: monomer synthesis, glycan chain formation, cross linking of peptidoglycan chains. ß-Lactams = penicillins and cephalosporins are most important Vancomycin = Blocks cell wall synthesis by other mechanisms and so helps handle resistance to ß-Lactams. Resistance = an alarming problem.
Cell wall
Lecture Plan
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors RNA Polymerase Inhibition DNA Replication Inhibitors Translation Inhibitors Metronidazole
抗生素与耐药(英文PPT)Antibiotics and Resistance
Questions
????
Antibiotic Resistance is the ability to resist the harmful effects of antibiotics by…
Alteration of target receptor proteins Prevention of entry into the cell Destruction of antibiotic upon entry Association with antibiotic which blocks entry Pump antibiotic out of cell before activation Bypass affected step in the metabolic pathway It is rare for a bacterium to possess more than 1,
Resistance can be prevented by taking all of your prescribed antibiotics, taking multiple antibiotics at one time, and restricting antibiotic use to individuals with weakened immune systems.
Antibiotic Resistance is the ability to resist the harmful effects of antibiotics.
Resistance is acquired through genetic mutation, the ingestion of genetic material for resistance, or continuous exposure to low doses of antibiotics.
医学英语 抗生素滥用中英文课件ppt
In both circumstances,the improper dosing will fail to eliminate the disease agent completely and will,furthermore,encourage,growth of the most resistant strains,which may later produce hard-to-treat disorders. 在两种情况下， 在两种情况下，不正确的剂量不能完全消除 病因，此外有可能促进更多的耐药菌株生长， 病因，此外有可能促进更多的耐药菌株生长， 然后可能产生极难治疗的疾病。 然后可能产生极难治疗的疾病。
THANK l to finish the full course of treatment.Patients then stockpile the leftover doses and medicate themselves,or their family and friends,in less than therapeutic amounts. 人们经常完成不了整个疗程， 人们经常完成不了整个疗程，然后患者 把剩下的药物贮存起来， 把剩下的药物贮存起来，用于这些少于 治疗剂量的药治疗他们自己或者他们的 家人和朋友。 家人和朋友。
•At a seminar I conducted,more than 80 percent of the physicians present admitted to having written antibiotic prescriptions on demand against their better judgment. •在我安排的讨论会上，超过80%出席的医 在我安排的讨论会上，超过 在我安排的讨论会上 出席的医 生承认他们是因为需要而不是更好的判断 开出抗生素处方。 开出抗生素处方。
抗生素PPT课件英文精品ANTIBIOTICRESISTANTPATHOGENSIMPACTANDCONTROL104p
Systemic: Sepsis, bacteremia, endocarditis Organ system: Meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, paratitis,
myositis
Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-positive Cocci
Deaths: 20,000
Source: Centers for Disease Control. MMWR 1997;46(RR-8)
% of Isolates Resistant to Penicillin
Trend for Penicillin-Resistant (MIC 2 mg/ml) S. pneumoniae in the US (1988-2002)
CHALLENGES IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Changing population of hospital patients
Increased severity of illness Increased numbers of immunocompromised patients Shorter duration of hospitalization More and larger intensive care units
Pneumonia: 967 (46.9%) Other lower respiratory tract: 368 (17.8%) Urinary tract: 363 (17.6%) Bloodstream: 247 (12.0%)
myositis
Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-positive Cocci
Deaths: 20,000
Source: Centers for Disease Control. MMWR 1997;46(RR-8)
% of Isolates Resistant to Penicillin
Trend for Penicillin-Resistant (MIC 2 mg/ml) S. pneumoniae in the US (1988-2002)
CHALLENGES IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS
Changing population of hospital patients
Increased severity of illness Increased numbers of immunocompromised patients Shorter duration of hospitalization More and larger intensive care units
Pneumonia: 967 (46.9%) Other lower respiratory tract: 368 (17.8%) Urinary tract: 363 (17.6%) Bloodstream: 247 (12.0%)
抗生素使用英文PPT
reconsider the diagnostics or change other type.如果服用抗生
素后感觉不适,医生必须重新考虑诊断或改变其他类型治疗。
15
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
16
Common symptoms include:
Headache Vomiting 头痛 呕吐 Nausea 恶心 Constipation or diarrhoea 便秘或腹泻
7
Allergic reactions
Rash皮疹 Itchiness皮肤发痒 Breathlessness气喘
8
4
How to use antibiotics?
By mouth By injection注射 Applied directly to the affected part Only be taken under doctor’s instruction
5
Are there any risks of using antibiotics?
Yes, potential潜在 risks include: Side effects 副作用
Allergic reaction过敏反应
Resistance to drugs耐药性
6
Side effects副作用
Each type of antibiotics has its specific side effects.
Resistance to drugs
It is very difficult to treat it so doctors should always act on preventing it from happening.
素后感觉不适,医生必须重新考虑诊断或改变其他类型治疗。
15
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
16
Common symptoms include:
Headache Vomiting 头痛 呕吐 Nausea 恶心 Constipation or diarrhoea 便秘或腹泻
7
Allergic reactions
Rash皮疹 Itchiness皮肤发痒 Breathlessness气喘
8
4
How to use antibiotics?
By mouth By injection注射 Applied directly to the affected part Only be taken under doctor’s instruction
5
Are there any risks of using antibiotics?
Yes, potential潜在 risks include: Side effects 副作用
Allergic reaction过敏反应
Resistance to drugs耐药性
6
Side effects副作用
Each type of antibiotics has its specific side effects.
Resistance to drugs
It is very difficult to treat it so doctors should always act on preventing it from happening.
抗生素与SFGH(英文PPT)Antibiotics at SFGH
• penicillin G & V, nafcillin, oxacillin • limited spectrum, mostly Gram-positive
• Aminopenicillins
• ampicillin, amoxicillin • broader spectrum, some enteric Gram-negatives
S. E.
Timentin and Zosyn are also active against many nosocomial Gram-negatives incl. Pseudomonas
Penicillins: Places in therapy
Penicillin – pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis,
empiric treatment of meningitis and endocarditis) – Meningococcus – Anaeobes: Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus,
Actinomyces – T.pallidum
Commonly used penicillins
Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin)
– Active vs. streptococcal species (but not Staph!) – More active than PCN against S. pneumoniae,
Enterococcus, Listeria – Active against non-beta-lactamase producing
Anti-staphylococcal penicillins
• Aminopenicillins
• ampicillin, amoxicillin • broader spectrum, some enteric Gram-negatives
S. E.
Timentin and Zosyn are also active against many nosocomial Gram-negatives incl. Pseudomonas
Penicillins: Places in therapy
Penicillin – pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis,
empiric treatment of meningitis and endocarditis) – Meningococcus – Anaeobes: Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus,
Actinomyces – T.pallidum
Commonly used penicillins
Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin)
– Active vs. streptococcal species (but not Staph!) – More active than PCN against S. pneumoniae,
Enterococcus, Listeria – Active against non-beta-lactamase producing
Anti-staphylococcal penicillins
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/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/control/aglyconoAP_anim.html
Animation of Tetracyclines Blocking Translation
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/control/tetres.html
Gary Kaiser
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/control/ppgsynanim.html
Animation Illustrating the Role of Penicillins in Blocking Transpeptidase Enzymes from Assembling the Peptide
Cross-Links in Peptidoglycan
Penicillins and cephalosporins bind to the transpeptidase enzyme and block the formation of the peptide cross-links. This results in a weak cell wall and osmotic lysis of the bacterium. Gary Kaiser
Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance
Animations from lecture
Synthesis of Peptidoglycan
During normal bacterial growth, bacterial enzymes called autolysins put breaks in the peptidoglycan in order to allow for insertion of peptidoglycan building blocks (monomers of NAG-NAM-peptide). Transpeptidase enzymes join the peptide of one monomer with that of another in order to provide strength to the cell wall.
Animation – Mechanisms of antibiotics
• Antibiotics: Methods of control
/courses/bio141/lecgui de/unit2/control/antibio.html
• Antibiotics that inhibit traf Macrolides in Blocking Translation: Blocking Peptidyltransferase
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, troleandomycin, etc.) bind to the 50S subunit
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/genetics/resist/enz.html Gary Kaiser
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing an Altered Target Site to which the Antibiotic no Longer Binds
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/genetics/resist/altrib.html Gary Kaiser
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing an Altered Porin in the Outer Membrane of a Gram-Negative Cell Wall
• /courses/bio141/lecgui de/unit6/genetics/protsyn/translation/translation. html
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing an Enzyme to Destroy or Inactivate the Antibiotic
Aminoglycosides Interfering with the Translocation of tRNA from the A-site to the P-site
• Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc)
Gary Kaiser
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing Transporter Molecules to Pump the Drug Out of the Bacterium
Gary Kaiser
Animation of Tetracyclines Blocking Translation
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/control/tetres.html
Gary Kaiser
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit2/control/ppgsynanim.html
Animation Illustrating the Role of Penicillins in Blocking Transpeptidase Enzymes from Assembling the Peptide
Cross-Links in Peptidoglycan
Penicillins and cephalosporins bind to the transpeptidase enzyme and block the formation of the peptide cross-links. This results in a weak cell wall and osmotic lysis of the bacterium. Gary Kaiser
Antibiotics Antibiotic resistance
Animations from lecture
Synthesis of Peptidoglycan
During normal bacterial growth, bacterial enzymes called autolysins put breaks in the peptidoglycan in order to allow for insertion of peptidoglycan building blocks (monomers of NAG-NAM-peptide). Transpeptidase enzymes join the peptide of one monomer with that of another in order to provide strength to the cell wall.
Animation – Mechanisms of antibiotics
• Antibiotics: Methods of control
/courses/bio141/lecgui de/unit2/control/antibio.html
• Antibiotics that inhibit traf Macrolides in Blocking Translation: Blocking Peptidyltransferase
macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, troleandomycin, etc.) bind to the 50S subunit
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/genetics/resist/enz.html Gary Kaiser
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing an Altered Target Site to which the Antibiotic no Longer Binds
/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/genetics/resist/altrib.html Gary Kaiser
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing an Altered Porin in the Outer Membrane of a Gram-Negative Cell Wall
• /courses/bio141/lecgui de/unit6/genetics/protsyn/translation/translation. html
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing an Enzyme to Destroy or Inactivate the Antibiotic
Aminoglycosides Interfering with the Translocation of tRNA from the A-site to the P-site
• Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc)
Gary Kaiser
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics
Producing Transporter Molecules to Pump the Drug Out of the Bacterium
Gary Kaiser