高考英语 总复习 语法强攻 虚拟语气

表示将 来情况
原形；were to +动词原形； 动词过去式 （be的过去式
should / would / might / could +动 词原形
用were）
表示过 去情况
had +过去分词
should / would /
might / Leabharlann Baiduould + have +过去分词
★在错综时间虚拟条件句（即主句和从 句所指的时间不一致）中，动词的形 式需要根据表示的时间来调整。如： If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today. If she were to leave, I would have heard about it.
they __D___ second thoughts.
A. may have
B. could have
C. must have had D. might have had
由Had they known可知，虚拟条件从句中 省略了if，将had提前。从句与过去事实相 反，所以主句谓语用“should / would /
I ran as fast as possible lest I should be too late. ★在由in order that, so that或that引导的目 的状语从句中，虚拟语气的形式为 “may / might / could +动词原形”。如： In order that everybody may understand it, write it in simple language.
4.虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法
★在由as if或as though引导的方式状语中， 虚拟语气的形式为动词的过去式（be 用were）或“had +过去分词”。如： She is walking slowly as if she were tired.
★在由lest, for fear that, in case等引导的从 句中，虚拟语气的形式为“should +动词 原形”。如：
★在would sooner, would rather等后面的 宾语从句中动词要用虚拟语气。尚未发 生的动作用动词的过去式，已经发生的 动作用“had +过去分词”。如： I would sooner he left on the earlier train. I’d rather you went tomorrow. I’d rather you hadn’t done that.
★表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等 动词（如suggest, demand, require, request, order, insist等）后的宾语从句 中谓语常用“（should +）动词原形”。 如：
I suggest you (should) have enough sleep. I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party.
C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
5. 虚拟语气在as if / though引导的从句中的 运用
Don’t handle the vase as if it __B___ made of
steel.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
C. do
D. did
4. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
—Where are the children? The dinner’s
going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they __A___ always late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
3. People are recycling many things which they __D___ away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown
5. If Mr. Dewey __B___ present, he would
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。
1. We would rather our daughter ___C__ at
home with us, but it is her choice, and she
is not a child any longer.
★含蓄条件句 有时虚拟语气的条件并不是直接通过 条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语 （如under, with, without, but for等） 或上下文暗示来说明。句中的虚拟语 气一般表示过去的情况，这种句子叫 含蓄条件句。如：
We could have done better under more favourable conditions (= if we had been given more favourable conditions). Without your help (= If you hadn’t helped me), I couldn’t have succeeded. But for the heavy traffic (= If the traffic had not been so heavy), we would have arrived earlier. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy (= if he had not been so busy).
1. 在if条件句中的用法
Sorry, I am too busy now. If I __D___ time, I
would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
2. 特殊用法
Had they known what was coming next,
★动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在 事实相反时，从句中动词用过去式；表 示与过去事实相反时，从句中动词用 “had +过去分词”；表示将来很难实现 的愿望时，从句中动词用“would / could / might +动词原形”。如： How I wish I was there with you. I wish I hadn’t lost the chance. I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre.
A. are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
6. __A___ no modern telecommunications,
we would have to wait for weeks to get
news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been
★虚拟语气还可用在表示愿望、建议、命 令、请求等的表语从句或同位语从句中， 谓语用“should +动词原形”，should也 可省略。如： Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. He made the decision that nothing (should) hold him back.
could / might + have +过去分词”。
3. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he
__D___ something instead of just talking.
A. will do
B. has done
C. If there are D. If there have been
7. It was John who broke the window. Why
are you talking to me as if I __A___ it?
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
2. _D____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught
2. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
★虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法：
条件句
从句中谓语的 形式
主句中谓语的形 式
表示现 在情况
动词过去式 （be的过去式 用were）
should / would / might / could +动 词原形
条件句
从句中谓语的 形式
主句中谓语的形式
should +动词
1. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
★在“It is / was +形容词或过去分词+ that 从句”结构的主语从句中，表示命令、 愿望、建议等，谓语动词为“should +动 词原形”，should也可省略。
如： It is necessary that a college student (should) master a foreign language. It is desired that this rule (should) be brought to the attention of the staff.
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填 入空白处的最佳选项。
1. We would rather our daughter ___C__ at
home with us, but it is her choice, and she
is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
★在错综时间虚拟条件句（即主句和从 句所指的时间不一致）中，动词的形 式需要根据表示的时间来调整。如： If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today. If she were to leave, I would have heard about it.
8. They were abroad during the months
when we were carrying out the
investigation, or they __A___ to our help.
3. 虚拟语气中if的省略
如果条件从句的谓语中有were, had或 should等词，可将if省略，而把这几个词 放在句首，其意义与带有if的条件句相同。 如： If I were to do the work, I should do it some other way. → Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.
have offered any possible assistance to
the people there.
A. were
B. had been
C. should be
D. was
5. We __D___ back in the hotel now if you
didn’t lose the map.