托福听力场景词组归类
托福听力分类场景词汇汇总
DS 工作室整理上传,转载请标明出处 | 1托福听力背景知识托福听力背景知识::托福听力中有大量的专业及学术词汇托福听力中有大量的专业及学术词汇, , 这些词汇大多依托于听力背景知识听力背景知识, , 如果考生能够事先了解一些托福听力的背景知识如果考生能够事先了解一些托福听力的背景知识, , 对听懂听力对话及段子有很有帮助。
agriculture (farming农业agricultural 农业的land (soil土壤;土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂,泥沙clay 黏土,湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的,农业的pilot (experimental 试验性的harrow(rake 耙,耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot (patch小块地ranch 农场,牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃DS 工作室整理上传,转载请标明出处 | 2 seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲,锹shovel (平头铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till耕作 sow(seed播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉 manure(fertilizer肥料 spray 喷洒(农药 insecticide(pesticide杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal谷物,谷粒 granary(grainstore 粮仓 mill 碾,磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米DS 工作室整理上传,转载请标明出处 | 3barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats 燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟,小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法,营养液栽培法 greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed 温室 cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜。
托福听力 场景词汇总结
托福听力场景词汇总结campus situations和professor（最多）1.谈实习的收获elementray school:小学observation：观察interdisipline：多学科mythology 神话Greek and Roman 希腊的和罗马的Research skills：调查研究技能2.论文，课程作业Climate variation 气候变化Data 数据Expert 专家Research project 研究项目General or casual idea 大致的想法Rule of thumb 凭经验的方法Research journal 研究日记Evolution in thought 想法的进化Meteorological records 气象记录Statistical tests 统计检验Reference section 参考文献Jot down 随便写下Note Pad 笔记本Draft version 草稿Prerequisite 先决条件Term paper 课程论文Dialect 方言Manageable 可操控的Proposal 设计Food-born bacteria 食物上长的细菌Preliminary 初步的Carton board 纸板Flavor 味道Dairy 牛奶场Swamped 忙死了Scope of the assignment 作业的范围Stick to 坚持Tangential 外围的Mid-summer dream 仲夏夜之梦Video collection 录像集Track down 找到Ironic 讽刺的Transient 瞬息万变的3．报名项目Assume 假设Introductory 导论Relief 轻松Main lecture hall 教学主楼Excavate 开掘Barn 谷仓Artifact 手工艺品Button 纽扣Clay pottery 泥质陶Extra credit 额外的分数Tough time 困难Incentive 动力Retirement partyDean 系主任Anthropology 人类学Pitch in 加入V ersatile 多才多艺的Hiring process 招聘过程Qualified applicant 合格的候选者Sample lecture 样板课堂Academic interest 学科兴趣Student representative 学生代表Candidate 候选人Perspective 观点4．小组活动Due 到期Supreme court 最高法庭Municipal land use cases 市政土地使用案例Owning disputes 所有权争议Stress out 压力大Free-rider 搭便车Split up 分割Goof off 打发时间Go down the drain 泡汤Personal liberty 个人自由Start from scratch 重新开始Synthesis 总和Congnitive 认知的Couch 沙发5．课上的内容Strategic marketing 营销策略High end 高端的Aerobics 有氧体操Gallery 画廊Context 背景Monsoon 季风At stake 濒于险境Surrender 放弃6．考试Track meet 径赛Lab project 实验室项目Exmplary 杰出的Cell division 细胞分裂Blank out 空白Fresh in my mind 新鲜Medieval 中世纪Take-home exam 带回去做的考试Speculate 推断两个studentsRegister 选课Contemporary literature 当代文学Seminar 研讨班Junior high 初中Theory class 理论课Till the end of the month 直到月末Thesis 毕业论文Revise 修改Short of credits 学分不够和receptionist at the registrar’s office 1．课被取消了Room assinment sheet 教室分配表格Bulletin board 公告板Cancel 取消Junk mail 垃圾邮件Mailing address 通信地址Administration office 行政办公室Practical 实际的Instructor 指导者Sign up 报班Enroll 注册Physics depatment 物理系Info 信息Time slot 时间空档2.毕业要求Diploma 文凭Intermediate 中等Issue 发布Chairperson 主席，导师Field work 实地考察V erify 证实和counselor/ faculty advisor1.在学校不习惯Overwhelmed 吓到了Culture shock 文化震惊Understatement 低估Keep pace with 跟上Cello 大提琴String quartet 弦乐团四重奏Audition 面试2.工作招聘会Shoot 说Career fair 工作招聘会Flyer and post 传单和海报Accounting firm 会计公司Zillion 庞大的数字3.专业Teacher the year 年度教室Byline 署名Specialize in 专业化District court 地区法庭Resume 简历Prospective 预选的，准。
托福听力场景词汇(含解析)
托福听力场景词汇1.医院场景：场景特点：关于学生看病和医院相关的场景。
常见套路：（1）常见病症的词汇（2）常见治疗手段的词汇（3）治病的常见句型总结场景词汇：Diagnose, patient’s illness, painful, technological advance, blood and tissue sample血液组织样本, diagnostic techniques, detect diseases, variations in temperature, X rays, side effect, uncomfortable, endure pain, health care，Medical clinic and infirmary诊所医务室, nursing staff护理人员, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs, pneumonia[njuː'məʊnɪə] 肺炎, stay in the infirmary, don’t feel well, rest more an d skip a few classes, get medical excuse, the clinic hour, emergency numberModern medical facility, health needs, dental clinic牙科诊所, maternity[mə'tɜːnɪtɪ] ward产房, operating room, special surgery外科手术, surgeons外科医生，Student Health Services, blood pressure, university nutritionists营养学家, processed foods加工食品, university hospital，Pain, discharge排放、流出, slight earache耳朵痛, take it easyPrevention, symptoms, cough, fever, running nose, head and bones ache, chill寒冷, flu, influenza[ɪnflʊ'enzə] 流行性感冒, overtired过度疲劳, stressed out筋疲力尽的, exposure to virus, sneeze[sniːz]喷嚏, airborne virus空气传播病毒,body’s resistance人体抵抗力, ward off the flu抵御流感, rest, eat well, drink a lot of water, immune[ɪ'mjuːn]system免疫系统, fight off illness对抗疾病, immunized[ai]免疫的, vaccine['væksiːn]疫苗, university health center2.校园生活场景：场景特点：关于学生租房子或者宿舍相关的话题场景。
TOEFL托福听力常考的场景词汇
TOEFL托福听力常考的场景词汇1）电器类electronic appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养2）家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设6．历年TOEFL听力最常考的学类场景之特色词汇汇编：1）分数类grade （mark 、score）分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A’s全Abe all A’s and B’s全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业2）图书馆类library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引loan desk 借书处circulation 流通reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期3）作业类thesis/essay/dissertation 论文assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告presentation 发言term paper 学期论文project 作业broad (论文等)内容宽泛的narrow down (论文等)缩小范围4）学科类Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogics 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学5）教师评价类教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) 文学士M.A (degree of Master of Arts) 文学硕士M.S. (Master of Science) 理硕士M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) 医学博士Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) （哲学）博士president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student’s advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家正评价fascinating = fantastic 精彩的thought provoking 发人深思的stimulating 令人兴奋的sense of humor 幽默感负评价boring 无聊的drop off to sleep 睡着了doze off 打瞌睡drowsy 昏昏欲睡的clock watcher 不断看表的人make no sense 毫无意义6）课程考试类tuition 学费credit system 学分制semester/term 学期course guideline 课程纲要required course 必修课elective course 选修课seminar 高级研讨性课mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书course, coursework 课程text, textbook 课文，教科书class, classroom 班，课exercise, practice 练习handout(s) 分发的教材enrollment/registration 注册registrar 注册主任7）学习用品类stationery 文具book bag 书包backpack = knapsack 背包stapler 订书机（staples 订书钉）clips 夹子；回形针glue 胶水scotch tape 透明胶带scissors 剪刀brown paper 牛皮纸battery 电池bookmark 书签flashlight 手电筒lined paper 横格纸notebook 笔记本notepad 记事本projector 幻灯放映机typewriter 打字机printer 打印机printer ribbon打印机的色带word processor 文字处理器laptop 笔记本电脑desktop 台式机typing paper 打印纸record 唱片8）其它education 教育educational 教育的students’union 学生会students’council = government = association 学生会quit school 休学drop out of school 退学transfer to another school 转学educational board 教育董事会admissions office 招生办公室scholarship 奖学金assistantship 助研金fellowship 研究奖学金graduation commencement 毕业典礼diploma 毕业文凭admission 录取freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生a graduate, graduation 毕业生，毕业tuition, fee 费用subject 主题，专业academic 学术的excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的，advanced 先进的，高级的remedial 补习的。
TOEFL听力场景词组归类(五)
选课场景prerequisite optional courses selecitve courses elective courses 1.who/where(office)/when(beginning of semester) 2.why(purpose,signature,approval) 3.course 4.worry,concern1)too much2)too difficult3Байду номын сангаасnot ready 5.what next噪音情景I can’t even think/hear myself think/concentrate/do my research/study/read The noise is driving me mad/out of my mind/up the wall/nuts/crazy source:usually from roommate,neighbour,traffic,construction生病场景a sore throat/a fever/a running nose/chills take some pills take some shots take it easy(休息一下)理发场景hairdresser’s,barbershop(男士) beauty parlor/salon cut top,over the ear’s,trim,blow the hair,have a perm,bangs住宿情景第一年dormitry第二年move off the campus stay put(不搬)最关心的:location--commute(经常往返的路程)常用单词:rent and utilities/(price)reasonable/tenant/landlord/one-bedroom de partment/studio/closet/parking space/furnish the apartment/经常出现的问题:shutters loose/faucet leaking/sink clogged
托福听力场景词汇
登记, 注册n.开业典礼, 仪式毕业典礼n.正式会议开学说明会n.全体职员(大学）一年级学生二年级学生三年级学生（大学）四年级学生大学，校长(名誉)校长学院学院Enrollment opening ceremony commencement ceremony convocation orientation meeting staff n. Freshman sophomore juniorSenior university- president chancellor college School费用开学测试,摸底考试出色的平均的，一般的低于平均水平的，差的tuition, fee placement test excellent average below average院长，系主任中学校长教授副教授助理教授班主任，协调人辅导员指导教授讲师个人辅导管理人本科研究生dean principal professor associate professor assistant professor coordinator counselor advisor instructor tutor supervisor undergraduate Post-graduate建筑物餐厅自助餐厅行政大楼主楼配楼，附属建筑教学楼n.宿舍会堂, 礼堂n.集合,集会计算实验室，机房食堂buildings: canteen. cafeteria. administration building main buildingwing/annex [ə'neks] teaching building dormitory auditorium =lecture hall assembly n. computer lab dining hall主修副修理科文科工科数学物理化学生物学地理学计算机科学天文学电子学植物学Major minor science arts engineering Mathematics physics chemistry biology Geography computer science astronomy electronics Botany ['bɔtəni]心理学动物学建筑学海洋学生态学医学考古学历史学语言学教育学，教学法人类学经济学统计学会计学哲学Psychology zoology architecture Oceanography ecology medical science Archaeology history Linguistics Pedagogy ['pedə,gəʊdʒi:] Anthropology Economics statistics accounting philosophy必修课选修课选修课讲座高级研讨性课学术报告会个人辅导课程专题课程入门级Required/compulsory course selective/optional course elective course lecture Seminar Colloquium [kə'ləʊkwi:əm] tutorial workshop Introductory初级中级高级先修课程elementary, fundamental Intermediate, secondary Advanced Prerequisite上课缺课逃课教学大纲要求的课本出勤打分体系课堂参与Attend class Miss class Skip class Syllabus Required textbookAttendance Grading system Class participation作业作业实验报告读书报告作业发言学期论文论文assignment = schoolwork homework = coursework = studies lab report book report Project presentation term paper （research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation学术期刊社会调查调查调查表, 问卷观察vt. n.采访收集数据(论文等)内容宽泛(论文等)缩小范围参考资料评判性思维缺少自己的想法n.最终期限延期期限n.大纲, 提纲Journal social investigation survey questionnaire observation interview vt.n.collect data broad narrow down source critical thinkinglack your own ideas deadline n. Extension due date/time outline n. (roadmap)n书目, 参考书目参考n. 抄袭,剽窃（作品）v. 修改v. 重写完成稿n.演讲演讲，陈述目光接触音调Bibli’ography n reference plagiarism ['pleɪdʒə,rɪzəm] revise v. rewrite v.final draft speech n. Presentation eye contact Into’nation期中考期末考总结性考试拿回家的开卷考试开卷考试主观性测试客观性测试抽查式测验，突击小测验答题本n估价n.评价, 估价补考, 重考分数mid-term exam final exams = finals cumulative final take-home examopen-book exam subjective test objective test pop quiz 随堂测验blue book assessment n appraisal n. make up for resit, retake grade （mark 、score）优异成绩低分高分及格分不及格分满分全A全是A和B B加A减以优异成绩通过考试以荣誉毕业文凭，学位，证书perfect grade low grade high mark failing grade full marks straight A'sbe all A's and B's B plus A minus pass the exam with flying colors graduate with honors diploma, degree, certificate图书馆图书管理员出版物期刊杂志图书目录分类目录参考书目书目索引按字母顺序排列的索引借书处Library librarian publication Periodical magazine book catalogueclassified catalogue bibliography title index Alpha’betic index circulation desk馆藏书（在图书馆内借阅）借书证过期罚金期刊阅览室在线期刊录像带过期杂志近期杂志档案非小说类文学作品科幻小说reserved books library card overdue fine periodical reading room online journal video tape back issue current issue Archive ['ɑ:kaiv] non-fiction science-fiction复印机办理（借、还）手续续借过期馆际服务服务台借书台书架复印室还书处学生存储间Copier check out renew overdue interlibrary service information desk n.delivery/circulation desk shelf n. photocopy room return area students locker寄物柜参考书部假说择一假说无效假说, 零假说收集数据调查问卷实验影响观察分析数据reference section Hypothesis Alternative hypothesis Null hypothesis Collect data Survey Questionnaire Experiment Interfere, influence Observation Analyze data解释数据n.分析adj. 分析的, 分析法的主题; 题目; 问题抽样调查处理组对照组证明书推荐信, 介绍信竞争的有益于职业生涯实际教学,现场调查研究服务员临时照顾幼儿者、资格, 合格的履历<正>简历,个人履历经济援助奖学金, 学术奖金Interpret data Analysis n. Analytical adj. Subject Sample Treatment groupControl group Letter of reference Letter of recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future career Field research Waiter, waitress Babysitter QualificationQualified Resume Curriculum vitae [vi:taɪ,vaɪti] （CV）financial aid Scholarship Fellowship助教奖学金研究奖学金助学金贷款以需求为基础以优秀为基础学生会俱乐部成员资格Teaching assistantship Research assistantship Grant Loan Need-based Merit-based Student union Clubs Membershipn.住处, 膳宿宿舍套间工作室，独立套间校内一栋一栋的房子用做宿舍公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）在国外住在房东家里同屋者,室友n. 走廊,过道，Accommodation residence hall suite studio villagelounge n. home-stay roommate corridor n.n.租借, 租约房东女房东租金房客n.阳台n.推拉门单人房双卧室房锁匙lease n. Landlord landlady rent tenant patio n. /pɑ:ti:əʊ/sliding door single room two-bedroom apartment house keyn.枕头n. 被单和枕套n. 被单n.床垫n.毯子n.手巾, 毛巾n.棉被Pillow bed linen ['linin] sheet mattress blanket towel quilt电器加热器，炉子暖气片空调设备炉子微波炉洗衣机/烘干机器皿，用具炊具烤箱，烤炉煤气灶electric appliance(instrument; equipment) heater, furnace 火炉，锅炉heating unitair conditioner stove microwave oven washer / dryer （laundry 洗衣店）Utensil kitchen utensil oven range洗碟机洗衣机热水器咖啡壶冰箱吸尘器录音机CD机自动洗衣店维修，保养Dishwasher washing machine (hot-water) heater coffeepot refrigerator (freezer) vacuum cleaner tape player CD player Laundromat maintenance家具书架书柜沙发柜子；橱；箱子梳妆台(电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜furniture bookshelf bookcase couch chest dresser (bureau) cabinet碗橱壁橱小地毯地毯窗帘浴缸（房屋）固定装置室内陈设cupboard (closet) storage wall rug carpet curtain bathtub fixture furnishings个人财产垃圾处理煤气表.昆虫夜贼泄漏丢钥匙闯入personal possessions/property/belongings garbage/rubbish/waste n dispose v. gas meter insect n burglar n leaking/leakage n. lost key break in地质学滑坡.山体滑坡泥土土壤土下沉地下水灌溉冷冻融化重心加重Geology Slide n. Landslide n Mud soil Earth n. Sink v. Ground waterIrrigation n. Freeze, froze, frozen v. Melt v. Molten Gravity n. Aggravate .['æɡrəveit]v. 倾斜斜坡陡峭腐蚀化石恐龙沉淀物大理石花岗岩矿石钟乳石. 提炼铂金地震学震动Lean v. Slope n. Steep adj Erode v., erosion n. Fossil n. Dinosaur n. Sediment, deposit Marble granite Ore Stalactite[stə'læk,taɪt, 'stælək-] Refine v. Platinum v. .['plætnəm] Seismology Vibration, tremor,波动火山，火山的火山喷发级数碰撞积极的休眠的熄灭的.岩浆岩浆喷发.爆炸爆炸爆炸雪崩Wave Volcano, volcanic V olcanic eruption Magnitude Collision n. Active adj. Dormant adj. Extinct adj. Magma n Lava n. Erupt v explode v(explosion) boom n. Blast n. Avalanche n.['ævə,læntʃ]地球科学地球的内部地震波压缩减慢速度反射深度密度边界地幔地壳Geoscience Earth’s interior Seismic waves Compression Slow down ReflectDepth Density boundary Mantle Crust地心大陆板块(地球表面的)构造板块大陆漂移层分层裂缝融化的岩浆气候变化统一的，始终一致的Core Continental plate Tectonic plate Continental drift Layer, strataStratify ['strætə,faɪ] Crack Molten lava Climatic shift=Climatic changesConsistent pattern太阳能发射，放射大概的猜测猜测冷却机制体力Solar energy Radiate Crude approximation Speculation Cooling down Mechanism Physical force虚拟线人工水库再分配，再分布快速旋转矿物质多样的样品丰富的像玻璃的天河石炙热的水蒸汽根除，彻底消灭珠穆朗玛峰海拔，海拔增高精确的测量全球定位系统Imaginary line Artificial reservoir Redistribute Spin Minerals Diverse Specimen，Sample Abundant Glassy Amazon stones Firing vapor Wipe outMt Everest Elevation Precise measurement Global Positioning System经度维度可替代资源气体水合物困住火焰潜在的模式地质断层裂缝地震活动空白地带假设大块圆柱圆柱形的地倾斜观测撤出沉淀性的积累Longitude Latitude Alternative sources of energy Gas hydrate Trap Flame Potential Model Geological fault Crack seismic gap Postulate ['pɔstʃə,leɪt]Chunk cylinder cylindrical[sə’lɪndrɪkəl] ground tilt measurement evacuate sedimentary adj. Accumulate保险注意合约口头协议偿还利息商人谨慎的极为重要的制造标签所持观点告知成本Insurance Note Contract Verbal agreement Repay Interest MerchantCautious Paramount Manufacture Label Contention Inform Cost利润, 损失净的，总的供求供应链浮动衰退萧条市场营销策略调查剩余分布零售批发特许经营预算Profit loss Net，gross Supply and demand Supply chain Fluctuation Recession Depression Marketing strategies Survey Surplus Distribution Retail Whole sale Franchise ['fræn,tʃaɪz] Budget哲学主题逻辑修辞基本原因宇宙的原则看待，观察观点感觉灵魂组成成分推理Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme Logic Rhetoric.['retərik] Fundamental causes Principles of the universe Perceive Perception SenseSoul 、spirit Element Reasoning理性, 有理性的沉思，思考判断公正的，公正证明, 合理的理由明确的道德规范伦理理论有道德的终极真理普遍的追求真理不相同内部的，本质的外部的，非本质的评论家Rationality rational Contemplation Judgment Just，justice Justify, justification Explicit Ethics Ethical theory Moral Ultimate truth Universal Search for truth Vary v. Intrinsic Extrinsic Critic过时的有价值的生存，存活保守的开放的不实际的经验主义的认知的削弱（影响力）减小中世纪文艺复兴教义,主义,学说唯心论，理想主义n. 认识论形而上学,玄学和解,调停Old-fashioned Valuable Survive Conservative Liberal Impractical Empirical Cognitive Weaken Diminish Medieval Renaissance DoctrineIdealism Epistemology [ɪ,pɪstə'mɔlədʒi:] Metaphysics Reconcile天文学星座（星象学的星座）行星恒星木星冥王星土星水星火星金星海王星天王星astronomy constellation[kɔnstə’leɪʃən]Zodiac ['zəudiæk] planet sunJupiter Pluto Saturn Mercury Mars Venus Neptune Uranus谷物星白矮星北斗七星小行星带银河系星系运行n.轨道转轴轨道外太空重力the largest asteroid and the first discovered White dwarf Big Dipper铲斗Asteroid belt [‘æstərɔɪd] Milky Way Galaxy n. orbit v. rotate v. Axistrack n. outer space gravity赤道热带的亮度维度距离(日月食)v. 逐渐变小向心离心星际的星云星云的气体微粒equator n. Tropical brightness n. dimension n. distance n. EclipseWane, diminish v. Centripetal [sen'trɪpɪtl] Centrifugal [sen'trɪfjəgəl]Interstellar adj. .['intə(:)'stelə] Nebula n. [’nebjələ] ：an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space Nebulous adj.Gas (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle极光天文的天文物理学黑洞天体的天体图离心力球粒状陨石顺时针星团，一群星星彗星宇宙, 宇宙的Polar light Astronomical Astrophysics Black hole Celestial [sə'lestʃəl]Celestial map Centrifugal force Chondrite ['kɔndrait] Clockwise Cluster Comet ['kɔmit] Cosmos cosmetic宇宙学排放物，发射微弱的微弱的气态包吸引力格林尼治时间高清晰度引燃幻影物体影响，形象无限的红外射线干扰仪Cosmology Emission Faint Feeble Gaseous bodies Gravitational force Greenwich mean time High resolution Ignite Illusive object Image Infinite Infrared ray Interferometer星系间的国际日期变更线星球间的星际的闰年光年光亮度阴历的，月亮的巨大的流星流星雨陨石流星体融化的裸眼Intergalactic International date line Interplanetary Interstellar Leap yearLight year Luminosity Lunar Massive Meteor Meteor shower Meteorite Meteoroid Molten Naked eye艺术分类表演艺术现代舞音乐会剧歌剧电影摄影分析的Genre Performing art modern dance concert play opera film camera analytical平行的芭蕾舞舞蹈指导视觉艺术抽象艺术风景摄影曝光冲洗胶卷Parallel ballet choreographer Fine/visual arts Abstract art landscape Photography exposure develop film肖像, 人像、静物雕塑人物雕像逼真的国歌评论家批评，评论评论杰作有美学价值美学吸引力特点特点与众不同的独一无二的portrait(portray v. ) still life sculpture statue lifelike vivid anthem Critic Criticism Review n. Masterpiece Have aesthetic value Aesthetic appeal Feature Characteristics Distinct adj. Unique风格技巧.画馆专辑发行首映印象主义者印象派透视法角度出版社盛赞海市蜃楼多产保存灭绝的，消失的Style Technique Gallery n. Edition n. Release v. Debut n. Impressionist Impressionism Perspective Angle Press/Publishing house Acclaim mirage prolific Preserve v. Extinct adj.文学诗歌传记自传侦探小说戏剧小说小说家短篇小说集寓言比较文学日记社论，重要评论小说唯美自传描述散文童话未来派传说文学研究叙述性散文讲台散文现实主义文学派别主要角色文学评论文学学习现代主义情节诗歌前言谚语Literature Poetry biography autobiography detective stories drama novel Novelist collection of short stories Allegory Comparative literature Diary Editorial Fiction Aestheticism Autobiography Descriptive prose Fairy tale Futurism LegendLiterary studies Narrative prose Podium Prose Realism School of literature Leading character Literary criticism Literary studies Modernism Plot Poetry Prologue Proverb美术超现实主义艺廊书法模仿风景画油画粘贴蜡笔，粉笔，颜料颜料帆布蜡光谱透视画法海报肖像模式，模特壁画全景蜡笔画草图手稿Surrealism Art gallery Ca'lligraphy Imitating Landscape painting Oil painting Paste Crayon Pigmentation Canvas Wax Spectrum Perspective Poster Portrait Model Mural Panorama Pa'stel drawing Sketch Autograph建筑建筑学建筑师建筑风格装饰艺术几何图形拱门城堡大教堂结构大厅电梯正面,立面；门面；外观模式楼梯内部的外部的印象派风格清真寺金字塔复活文艺复兴中世纪拜占庭建筑Architecture Architect Architectural style Art deco Art moderne Geo'metric patterns Arch Castle Ca'thedral Framing Lobby n.(entrance hall) Elevator n. Façade n. Stairs Interior Exterior Impressio'nistic style Mosque Pyramid Revival Renaissance Medieval Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐伴奏试听，试表演乐队音乐弦乐，弦古典音乐协奏曲催眠曲二重奏和弦，和谐摇滚小夜曲<音>（尤指男子在所爱慕的女子窗外唱的或演奏的）唱[奏]小夜曲的人独奏奏鸣曲交响乐歌谣，民谣，尤指叙事歌谣；民歌；[音]伤感的情歌民间音乐’前奏尾声终曲；结语；结尾；末尾乐谱音符乐谱，记号法和弦符号歌词节奏，拍子主旋律，曲调节奏，韵律旋律指挥小提琴中提琴大提琴双簧管单簧管，竖笛；黑管变号(一种古双簧乐器)竖琴Accompaniment Audition Band music Chord Classical music Concerto [kən'tʃɜ:təʊ] Lullaby['lʌləbaɪ] Du‘et Harmony Rock and roll Sere‘nade[ˌserə'neɪd] Solo Sonata[səˌnɑ:tə] Symphony Ballad Folk music Prelude Epilogue['epɪlɒɡ] Score Note Notation Chord symbol Lyrics Tempo Melody Rhythm Tune Conduct Violin Viola Cello['tʃeləʊ] Oboe Clari‘net[ˌklærəˌnet] krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. Harp考古人类学家生态的生态人类学家考古学人类学形态学古代文明起源起源于‘祖先人（科）同一种族（种类）的部落氏族考古学家挖掘挖掘铲子遗迹，废墟遗迹，遗骸手工艺品陶器瓷器遗物，文物岩石画古物，古董古代，古老颅骨颅骨的，头盖的石器时代（青）铜器时代铁器时代旧石器时代的中石器时代的新石器时代的挖掘史前的原始的Anthropologist ecological anthropologist archaeology anthropology morphology Ancient civilization origin originate ancestor hominid homo’geneous tribe clan Archeologist exca‘vation excavate (unearth) Scoop ruins remains artifactpottery (potter) Porcelain [ˌpɔ:səlɪn] relic Rock painting antiqueantiquity [æn'tɪkwətɪ] skull Cranial ['kreɪnɪəl] Stone Age Bronze Age Iron AgeMesolithic [ˌmesəuˌliθik] Neolithic [ˌni:əˌlɪθɪk] Exhume [eks'hju:m] Paleoanthropology [ˌpeɪlɪəʊ'ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪ] Prehistoric ‘Primitive动物微生物Amino acid [əˌmi:nəʊˌæsɪd] 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agency 生物能因Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒’Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermen‘tation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose ['ɡlu:kəʊs] 葡萄糖Immu’nology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Para‘sitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology [ˌpærəsɪ'tɒlədʒɪ]寄生虫学Pathogen [ˌpæθədʒən] 病菌，病原体Protozoa [prəutəuˌzəuə原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis [ˌʃɪstəsəʊ'maɪəsɪs] 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母endotherm n.['endəθɜ:m] 温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. [pɔɪ'kɪləˌθəm] 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴secretion(n.) [sɪˌkri:ʃn] secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味['əʊdə](还有aroma ，fragrance ，scent ，smell)gland 腺体‘chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂（树），光荣，胜利chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻['ældʒi:]’organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll [ˌklɒrəfɪl] 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKINsbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的，植物的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 开花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous [hɜ:'bɪvərəs] 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology [ˌmi:tɪə'rɒlədʒɪ] 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere [ˌstrætəsfɪə(r)] 同温层，平流层；高塔酒店Barometer [bəˌrɒmɪtə(r)] 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (to‘rrential rain) 大雨‘tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche[ˌævəˌlæntʃ] (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation [prɪˌsɪpɪˌteɪʃn] （雨、露、雪等）降水，降水量Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon [ˌmɒnˌsu:n]季风，季雨Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus [ˌkju:mələʊˌnɪmbəs] 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存pollute, pollution, pollutant 污染（物）contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem [ˌi:kəʊsɪstəm] 生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water, milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bagsbiodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
托福听力场景词汇
• formal: reception /interview /presentation /wedding /graduation ceremony
• causal: party/barbecue/picnic • 中 性: jacket • 随天气加减： • 太 冷：（加衣服） • 太 热：（收衣服）pack (up) put/take away
• 校 外：①restaurant waiter / waitress / cook / chef / do
the dishes
•
②store stock shelf / hand-painter
• 家 政： baby-sitter / house-sitter / house-painter
• 途 径：查 报纸 找工作 → job-hunting
• 1）找工作步骤：
• check the paper (job opening) • telephone inquiry (position，available time for
appointment) • interview (hour， salary， experience) • job offer (accept， turn down) • 2）习语： • earn the bread 挣钱 • bring home the bacon 挣钱 • bread and butter 指生活所需品
leg, knee, ankle, foot, toe • 形 式： twist, break, strain, sprain, swelling, hurt, injure • 解决方式： see a doctor, take a rest, be on crutches • 避 免： don’t put weight on your feet; stay off your foot • 勿延：don’t put it off, it’s pretty foolish not to see a doctor
托福听力对话场景高频词汇
PART 1托福听力对话场景高频词汇校园设施类：dormitory 口.宿舍auditorium=lecture hall n.会堂，礼堂computer lab 计算实验室, 机房dining hall=canteen=refectory食堂；cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building 主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building 教学楼enrollment 登记，注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼，仪式commencement ceremony毕业典礼convocation.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee费用placement test开学测试excellent出色的average平均的,一般的below average低于平均水平的，差的校园人员类：university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院graduate/grad school研究生院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor指导老师instructor讲师tutor个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生custodian管理人faculty教工，系receptionist前台接待员registrar课程注册员教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家学科类：学科major主修minor 副修science 理科,arts 文科,engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required> compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course 选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座discussion讨论会seminar高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop专题课程,讨论会级别Introductory入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite先修课程，必要前提上课：Attend class上课Miss class缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus教学大纲Required textbook要求的课本Attendance出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与semester/term 学期quarter 小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus教学大纲Professor's signa^U S e的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap 课程容量（可以招收的学生数），openings （可供注册的名额）Take 选（课）,drop 退（课）Late registration 晚注册作业类:assignment= homework = coursework = schoolwork 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper） thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期干刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表，问卷observation n. 观察interview v./n.采访，面试collect data收集数据broad （论文等）内容宽泛narrow down （论文等）缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time 期限outline n.大纲，提纲（roadmap）bibliography n 书目，参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n.抄袭revise v.修改rewrite v.重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试类:mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam开卷考试subjective test主观性测试objective test客观性测试pop quiz抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n 估价appraisal n.评价，估价make up for 补考，resit=retake 重考grade=mark =$3区分数perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全A be all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B 力口A minus A 减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书reference letter/recommendation letter 推荐信，Certification 认证，qualification 资格， qualified 合格的Resume, CV financial aid 经济援助ScholarshipFellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant助学金Loan贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based以优秀为基础Student union学生会Clubs俱乐部Membership成员资格Career service图书馆类:library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication出版物periodical期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography参考书目title index书目索引alphabetic index按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal在线期刊video tape录像带back issue过期杂志current issue近期杂志archive档案non-fiction非小说类文学作品science-fiction科幻小说copier复印机check out办理（借、还）手续renew续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk 借书台shelf 口.书架photocopy room 复印室return area 还书处students locker学生存储间reference section参考书部住宿类：宿舍：accommodation n.住处，膳宿residence hall 宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者，室友corridor n.走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借，租约landlord房东landlady 女房东rent 租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartment house key 房锁匙床上用品：pillow n.枕头bed linen n.床上用品sheet n.被单mattress n.床垫blanket 口.毯子towel 口.手巾，毛巾quilt n.棉被electric appliance（instrument; equipment）电器heater, furnace 力口热器,炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry洗衣店）utensil器皿;用具kitchen utensil炊具oven烤箱；烤炉range煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机（hot-water） heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator （freezer）冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD 机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养bookshelf书架bookcase书柜couch沙发chest柜子;橱;箱子dresser （bureau）梳妆台cabinet （电视机等）机箱;储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard （closet）碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings室内陈设personalpossessions/property/belongings 个人财产get insurance forpossessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter 煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n.泄漏lost key 丢钥匙break in闯入PART 2托福听力学术讲座高频词汇文学pose 散文diary 日记autobiography 传记editorial 社论narrative prose 叙述性descriptive prose 描写性essay 随笔poetry 诗歌ballad 民谣lullaby 催眠曲fiction 小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leading character 主人公main plot 主要情节prelude 序曲prologue 序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism 文学批评literary studies 文学研究schools of literature 文学流派comparative literature 比较文学realism 现实主义surrealism 超现实主义futurism 未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra （管弦）乐队shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound dru 击鼓 foot beat 跺脚note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐symphony 交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music 管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting 指挥podium 指挥台accompaniment 伴奏quality 音质volume 音量chord和弦harmony和声rest休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude序曲epilogue 尾声建筑architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator 电梯skyscraper 摩天大楼design element 设计元素log structure 原木结构cabin 小木屋beam 梁prototype 原型building technique 建筑工艺new material 新材料metal-frame 金属结构repair person 修理工planetarium 天文馆aquarium 水族馆archives 档案馆office building 写字楼cathedral 大教堂mosque 清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡美术fine arts 美术oil painting 油画water color 水彩画tempera 蛋彩画sketch 速写/素描pastel 彩色蜡笔画poster 海报/招贴画charcoal drawing 木炭画mural painting / fresco 壁画engraving 版画lithograph 石板画landscape painting 风景画still life 静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawing board 画板perspective 透视画法original 原作copy 临本reproduction / replica 复制品genuine 真的fake 假的gallery 美术馆autograph 真迹panorama 全景画calligraphy 书法paste 裱糊impressionistic style 印象派风格framing 装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像animator 漫画家人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist讽刺作家inventor发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental 感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent杰出的versatile （人）多才多艺的/ （物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous心理学infant婴儿kid儿童teenager十三至十九岁的人young people年轻人adult 成年人old people/the aged/elderly people /senior citizens 老年人mature 成熟的majority多数人minority少数人conformity从众，一致individual个体，个人self-reliance 依靠自己,自立behaviour 行为，举止behaviorism 行为主义psychoanalysis.精神分析egocentric自我中心的;利己主义的mental心理的founder创始人Archimedes.阿基米德Plato柏拉图mental process思维过程thought 思想,想法cognition 认识cognitive capacity 认知能力motor 运动motivation动机;积极性;推动intention意图,目的intuitive直觉的hypotheses 假定，假说conscience道德心，良心virtuous善良的;有道德的curiosity好奇心patriarchal家长的/族长的internal内部的external外部的;表面的optimism乐观;乐观主义generous慷慨的，大方identity身份;同一性fame名声，名望spiritual心灵的soul灵魂;心灵physical身体的，物质的,物理的habit习惯muscle肌肉sign language手语，符号语音throat喉咙，嗓子larynx =voice box 喉头subjective 主观的objective 客观的positive/negative electrode正/负电极maze迷宫questionnaire问卷subject受实验对象obsession困扰deaf聋的blind 盲abnormal反常的distracted心烦意乱的amnesia健忘症，记忆缺失动物学zoology 动物学Darwinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择phylum 门class 纲order 目suborder 亚目family 科genus 属species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant 反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm 变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous 食肉的herbivorous 食草的omnivorous 杂食的bird 鸟类camouflage 伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatory / carnivore 食肉的predator 捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms （昆虫等）群flock （牛、羊等）群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous 一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous 一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn （鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物scales 鳞feathers 羽毛armor 甲spinal cord 脊椎digestive system 消化系统excretory system 排泄系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system 循环系统respiratory system 呼吸系统hormonal system 内分泌系统digestive duct 消化管esophagus 食管stomach 胃small intestine 小肠large intestine 大肠anus 肛门digestive gland 消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver 肝gallbladder 胆pancreas 胰squirrel 松鼠marten 貂bat 蝙蝠squeak （老鼠等）吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose 驼鹿beaver 海狸elk 麋鹿reindeer 驯鹿giraffe 长颈鹿rhinoceros 犀牛hippo 河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion 蝎子turtle 龟lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色龙caymen / crocodile 鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp （鸟、虫的叫声）vulture 秃鹫crane 鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan 雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage 羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp 黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach 蟑螂earthworm 蚯蚓antenna / tentacle 触须larva幼虫jellyfish 水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼植物学botany 植物学botanical / botanic 植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf 叶leaflet 小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot / sprout 嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel / skin果皮shell （硬）果壳husk （干）果壳/ （玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails木贼类植物club mosses石松类植物herb草photosynthesis 光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis 共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade 凋谢blossom 花pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉petal 花瓣nectar 花蜜tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的crossbreed 杂交root pressure 根压bore 腔/肠cohesion-tension 凝聚压力column 花柱necrosis 坏死barren贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate （starch）碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition营养perennial多年一生的annual 一年一生的verdant绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree针叶树larch 落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood红木树plum blossom 梅花orchid 兰花chrysanthemum 菊花water lily 荷花/莲花rhododendron杜鹃花rose玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower 向日葵camellia 茶花corn / maize / mealie 玉米pumpkin 南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce 莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小、麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦气象学meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家meteorological station 气象站forecast / predict 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层stratosphere 平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere 电离层exosphere 逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid 潮湿humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿/ 水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain 大雨tempest（storm） / torrential rain 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm 暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze 微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon 季风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado / twister / cyclone 龙卷风wind scale 风级tsunami / seismic sea wave 海啸tidal wave 潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere 上层大气funnel 漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection 对流wind velocity 风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast 长期预报numerical weather prediction 数值天气预报nephanalysis 云层分析；卫星云图环境科学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse 温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes （有毒的）废气waste废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater 污水sewage purification 污水净化swage disposal 污水处理decibel（噪音）分贝fossil fuel 矿物燃料process of photo synthesis 光合作用solar energy 太阳能nonrenewable 不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource 资源energy source 能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient 节能型的rush hour 高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness 野生/天然preservation 保护atmosphere 大气carbon 碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil 煤油燃烧global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应rise in sea level 海平面上升long-term climatic change 长期的气候变化environmental recycling center 再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage 垃圾pollutant 污染物desertification 沙漠化deforest 滥伐森林drought 干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage 工业污水recycling 再循环purify 净化deteriorate 恶化acid rain 酸雨sewage disposal 污水处理environment protection 环境保护ozone layer 臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission （汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Nino厄尔尼诺现象地质学crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer / stratum 地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift / crack / split 断裂disintegration / decomposition 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limeston 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble 大理石lithosphere 岩石圈magma / molten lava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum 白金/铂金silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞/水银sodium钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch / age / period 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍moraines 冰碛iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山（sloping） shield volcano 盾状火山（平缓）（steep-sided） cone volcano 锥状火山（陡峭）eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口caldera （开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰geyser 间歇喷泉hot spring 温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic intensity scale 震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave 横波longitudinal wave 纵波epicenter 震中epicentral distance 震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm 灾变tsunami / tidal / force 海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming全球逐渐变暖叫uifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽Great Canyon 大峡谷Nile River 尼罗河Colorado river科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude 纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes 温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic / Antarctica 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle 南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora 极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line 国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone 时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain 平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis 绿洲enclave 飞地peak 山峰cordillera / ranges 山脉carven / cave 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean 地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline 海岸线watershed 分水岭upper reaches 上游lower reaches 下游tributary 支流deposit 沉积spring / fountain 泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed 河床gulf / bay 海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛archipelago 群岛delta 三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff 山崖valley 山谷hillside / mountain slope 山坡continental shelf 大陆架canyon / gorge 峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical 热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone 卵石the Mediterranean Sea 地中海the primeval forest 原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚（半岛）（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称为。
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托福TOEFL听力场景词组归类表示开夜车的词组stay up late/be up late/day in and day out/around the clock/burn the midnigh t oil表示忙的词组be up to one’s neck in workget my hands full表示替代的词组fill in for sb/fill sb’s shoes表示提前的词组in advance/be ahead of time/before hand表示冷静的词组cool off/calm down/settle/soothe/pacify表示内向的词组keep one’s opinions/ideas to oneselfself-conscious,shy,keep to oneself,unsociable,uncommunicative,withdrawn 表示看法的词组think much(little/high) ofhave no use for/have no taste forIt makes me uncomfortable to表示同意的词组You can say that again.You may well say soYou said it.Well said.I will saySo be it.I see eye to eye with you. And how.(降调)Right on.By all means.Go ahead.I don’t wonder.No/little wonder.So does it.As far as I know.(单独使用) No problem.You are telling me.Is ice cold?Does a fish swim?Does a bird fly?I’m behind you.I’m with you.I’m for it.表示不同意的词组You don’t say so.So you say.Says who.Who says so?That’s not saying very much.And I do?Are you kidding?表示无法理解的词组beyond reach/imaginationabove meover my head表示快的词组in (next to) no time,before long,on short notice,by and by,in a little while,in a second/minute/little bit,any time,soon,quickly,immediately,shortly表示耀眼的词组noticeable/eye-catching/catch one’s eyes/attract one’s attention/arresting/e minent/easy to notice/marked表示拜访的词组drop by/in/over/around,stop by/in/over,run in,come over to,come by,call on,s tep in,go to have a look,pay a visit表示完成的词组wrap upbe through withbe done withget sth out of the wayput an end to sthbe finished表示降价的词组half price/50% off/half offdiscount/on sale/a big sale/good bargain表示累的词组out of steam/worn out/run down/tired out/dog-tiredI’m beat.I’m pooped.表示我请客的词组Let me treat me.It’s my treat.It’s on me.I’ll foot/pay the bill.I want to pick up the pad.表示钱平分的词组go Dutchsplit the expense咖啡场景instant coffee,gourmet coffeearoma,flavorcoffee pot,coffee spoon,coffee set,coffee servicesnackcoffee-breaklike to drink->how(milk,sugar,cream,blank,coffee,micro oven)戒咖啡:caffeme:I am off caffeme.沙滩场景beach:swimming,suntan,lie there doing nothing,play sand volleyball男生寝室脏情景dirty,in a mass,messy,chaos,chaotic,mess up,make a mess of,vacuum cleaner 天气场景usually cool summer,cold,wool sweater,coat,down jacketkeep up,continuehot,scorcherdownpour,snow,no end in sight,clear upThat makes it four days in a row.体育场景jogjogging-shoes/running-shoes/gym-shoes/sneakers(运动鞋)tennis/swimming/cycling/swimming/roller-skating/aerobes/rockclimbing/bunging jump网球:hard court/clay court/grass courtserve(发球)减肥场景put on some weight/gain some weight/lose some weightphysical fit/keep fit/stay in shape/keep in shape/get into shapefitness center表不好:in poor/terrible shape,in poor physical condition,out of sorts,not inshape for gymnasticout of shape,under the weather,come down with sth,down with a bug,not look oneself表好的:look great,feel so energetic,in good shape,fit as a fiddle,in the pink表康复的:be on the mend音乐会场景pianist,soloist,conductor(director)philharmonic(交响乐团),bandout of the world,fantastic,terrificreceive standing ovation.museum and art gallery场景exhibit,exhibition,sculpture,carving,fresco,oil-painting,water-color painting,art workstudent’s discount rate(学生优惠价)节目场景intermission n.幕间休息program n.节目单stage setting n.舞台布景house light n.舞台灯光props n.道具leading part n.主角supporting part n.配角失物认领场景lost and found:ticket counter,reception deskturn in/claim作业论文场景project n.作业assignment n.作业paper n.作业essay n.论文thesis n.学术论文dissertation n.博士论文lab report n.实验报告term paper n.学期报告presentation n.发言broad->narrow down the topic->onto sth->get professor’s approval/permission/ signature物价上涨场景物价年年涨,学生要抱怨,抱怨没有用.University costtuitionfeeroom and board n.食宿费rent and utilities n.租费,水电费faremeal pricego up/rise/increase/raise/doublecomplain/groan/grumble/protestIt won’t make any difference.It doesn’t do any good.It’s of no use.选课场景prerequisiteoptional coursesselecitve courseselective courses1.who/where(office)/when(beginning of semester)2.why(purpose,signature,approval)3.course4.worry,concern1)too much2)too difficult3)not ready5.what next噪音情景I can’t even think/hear myself think/concentrate/do my research/study/read The noise is driving me mad/out of my mind/up the wall/nuts/crazy source:usually from roommate,neighbour,traffic,construction生病场景a sore throat/a fever/a running nose/chillstake some pillstake some shotstake it easy(休息一下)理发场景hairdresser's,barbershop(男士)beauty parlor/saloncut top,over the ear's,trim,blow the hair,have a perm,bangs住宿情景第一年dormitry第二年move off the campus stay put(不搬)最关心的:location--commute(经常往返的路程)常用单词:rent and utilities/(price)reasonable/tenant/landlord/one-bedroom de partment/studio/closet/parking space/furnish the apartment/经常出现的问题:shutters loose/faucet leaking/sink clogged。