固定收益证券估值和分析
CIIA公式集(II)

CIIA公式集(II)最终考试固定收益证券估值和分析衍生产品估值和分析投资组合治理目录1固定收益证券估值和分析 (3)1.1货币的时间价值 (3)1.1.1货币的时间价值 (3)1.1.2债券收益计量 (4)1.1.3利率的期限结构 (5)1.1.4债券价格分析 (6)1.1.5风险度量 (8)1.2混合证券 (11)1.2.1认股权证 (11)1.2.3可赎回债券 (12)1.2.4浮动利率债券 (13)1.2.5通胀挂钩债券 (13)1.3固定收益证券组合治理策略 (14)1.3.1消极治理 (14)1.3.2计算套期保值比率:修正久期法 (14)2衍生产品估值和分析 (16)2.1金融市场和工具 (16)2.1.1相关市场 (16)2.2衍生产品和其他产品的分析 (18)2.2.1期货 (18)2.2.2期权 (21)2.2.3标准正态分布:CDF表 (28)3投资组合治理 (32)3.1现代投资组合理论 (32)3.1.1风险/回报框架 (32)3.1.2风险的测量 (34)3.1.3投资组合理论 (36)3.1.4资本资产定价模型〔CAPM〕 (37)3.1.5套利定价理论 (39)3.2投资组合治理实践 (42)3.2.1股票投资组合治理 (42)3.2.2投资组合治理中的衍生工具 (45)3.3资产/负债分析和治理 (52)3.3.1养老金负债评估 (52)3.3.2盈余和注资比率 (53)3.3.3盈余风险治理 (53)3.4业绩测量 (55)3.4.1业绩测量和评估 (55)1固定收益证券估值和分析1.1货币的时间价值 1.1.1货币的时间价值 1.1.1.1现值和终值简单的折现和复利终值年数年化利率)(终值现值+=1 年数年化利率)((现值)终值+⋅=11.1.1.2年金年金的现值计算式∑=+-⋅=+=NNt R R CF R CF 1t ))1(11()1(现值此处CF 稳定的现金流R 折现率,假定一直稳定 N 现金流的次数 年金的终值计算式⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+⋅=R R CF N 1)1(终值 此处CF 稳定的现金流R 折现率,假定一直稳定 N 现金流的次数1.1.1.3连续贴现和复利终值年化连续复利利率年数终值现值⨯=e年化连续复利利率年数(现值)终值⨯⋅=e1.1.2债券收益计量 1.1.2.1当期收益率=每年票息当前收益率价格1.1.2.2到期收益率债券价格作为到期收益率的函数,其计算式如下()()()()Nit Nt t Ni t iY CF Y CF Y CF Y CF P++++++=+=∑=1 (1112)1211此处Y 到期收益率P 0当前支付的债券价格〔包括应计利息〕 CF i 在t i 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息〕CF N 在偿还日t N 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息和本金〕 N 现金流的次数关于每年付息一次的债券,在两个付息日之间,债券价格计算式为()()()()⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+++++++=⋅+=N N f f ex f cum Y CF Y CF Y CF Y C f P P 1 (1112)211,, 此处P cum,f 当前支付的债券价格〔包括应计利息〕 P ex ,f 债券的报价 Y 到期收益率f 上一次付息日距今的年数CF i 在t i 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息〕 CF N 最终现金流〔利息加本金〕 N 现金流的次数日式到期收益率价格剩余期限)价格(年票面利率日式到期收益率100-%-=1.1.2.3赎回收益率()()()()Nit c Nt c t c Ni t c iY CF Y CF Y CF Y CF P++++++=+=∑=1 (1112)12110此处P 0当前支付的债券价格〔包括应计利息〕 Yc 赎回收益率CF i 在t i 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息〕CF N 在赎回日t N 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息和本金〕 N 到赎回日止现金流的次数1.1.2.4平均存续期收益率it i1i 01)(AL ALY CF P +=∑= 此处AL 以年表示的平均存续期或加权平均的到期期限t t ⋅=∑=需偿还的本金总额时刻还本金额t AL To1.1.2.5即期利率和远期利率的关系()()()()()[]t t t t F F F R R 1,13,22,11,0,01...1111 -++⋅+⋅+=+此处R 0,t 从0到t 时段的年化即期利率 R 0,1从0到1时段的年化即期利率 F t-1,t 从t-1到t 时段的年化远期利率此处1t ,0R 从0到t 1时段的年化即期利率 2t ,0R 从0到t 2时段的年化即期利率 21t ,t F 从t 1到t 2时段的年化远期利率1.1.3利率的期限结构 1.1.3.1期限结构理论预期假说)R ~E(F 2121t ,t t ,t =此处21t ,t F 从t 1到t 2时段的远期利率21t ,t R ~从t 1到t 2时段的随机即期利率E(.)预期函数流动性偏好理论0,)~E(21212121,,,,>+=t t t t t t t t L L R F此处21t ,t F 从t 1到t 2时段的远期利率21t ,t R ~从t 1到t 2时段的随机即期利率21t ,t L 从t 1到t 2时段的流动性溢价E(.)预期函数市场分割理论0,)~E(21212121,,,,<>∏∏+=t t t t t t t t R F 此处21t ,t F 从t 1到t 2时段的远期利率21t ,t R ~从t 1到t 2时段的随机即期利率 21t ,t∏从t 1到t 2时段的风险溢价E(.)预期函数Ogden 模型)()(t dZ r d r u d t r ⋅⋅+⋅-⋅=σβ此处d r 利率的瞬时变化 β速率调整因子 u 平均利率水平 d t 时间的流逝 dZ(t)随机过程r⋅σ1.1.4债券价格分析 1.1.4.1利差分析相对利差收益率比的收益率债券的收益率债券收益率比A B =等价应税收益率税率免税收益率等价应税收益率-1=1.1.4.2用零息票价格来为附息债券估值零息债券估值()tt tR CF P10+=此处P 0在时刻0时的债券价格CF t 在偿还日t 时刻收到的现金〔本金〕 R t 从0到t 时段的即期利率 附息债券的估值此处P 0在时刻0时的债券价格CF i 在t i 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息〕CF N 在偿还日t N 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息和本金〕R i 从0到t i 时段的即期利率 N 现金流的次数 一年付息一次债券的价格,考虑应计利息∑=-+=⋅+=Ni ft t if ex f cum i i R CF C f P P 1,,)1(此处f cum P , 债券价格,包括应计利息 f ex P ,债券的报价f 自上一次付息日的时间,以年的分数形式计 i CF在i t 时刻的现金流i t R 从f 时刻到i t 时段的即期利率C 票息永久债券的估值RCFP =0 此处0P永久债券的当前价格CF永久的现金流〔息票〕 R折现率,假定永久恒定 1.1.5风险度量1.1.5.1久期和修正久期麦考利久期此处D 麦考利久期P 当前支付的债券价格〔包括应付利息〕 Y 债券的到期收益率CF i 在t i 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息〕PV 〔CF i 〕现金流CF i 的现值CF N 在偿还日t N 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息和本金〕N 现金流的次数永久债券的麦考利久期11+=债券的收益率永久债券的麦考利久期修正久期和价格久期此处 D mod修正久期 D P价格久期 D 麦考利久期P 当前支付的债券价格〔包括应付利息〕 Y 债券的到期收益率 用久期估算价格变化()()Y PDY D Y Y 1D PPY D Y P D Y P Y 1DP Pmod P mod ∆∆∆∆∆∆∆∆⋅-=⋅-=⋅+-≅⋅-=⋅⋅-=⋅⋅+-≅此处P 债券的价格变化D mod修正久期D P价格久期 D 麦考利久期P 当前支付的债券价格〔包括应付利息〕 Y 债券的到期收益率Y 债券收益率的微小变化投资组合久期∑=⋅=Ni i i P D x D 1此处D P 投资组合久期x i 资产投资于债券的比例 D i 债券i 的久期N 投资组合中债券的数量使用修正久期可能债券组合的到期收益率〔近似公式〕j N j N i i i j j p YTM D PV D PV YTM ⋅⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⋅⋅≅∑∑==11mod mod 此处PV j 债券j 的现值在两个付息日之间的久期∑=+⋅-⋅+=N t tt cum f cumY CF f t P Y D 1)1()()1( 此处D cum 两个付息日之间的久期P cum 债券的当前价格〔包括应计利息〕 Y 债券到期收益率CF t 在时刻t 收到的现金流〔票息〕F 自上一次付息日的时间,以年的分数形式计N 现金流的次数关键利率久期〔KRD 〕)()(i Y P Pi KRD ∆⋅∆-=此处ΔP 债券的价格变化P 债券的当前价格〔包括应计利息〕ΔY(i)第i 个关键利率的小变化1.1.5.2凸性此处C 凸性 C P价格凸性P 当前支付的债券价格〔包括应付利息〕 Y 债券的到期收益率CF i 在t i 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息〕CF N 在偿还日t N 时刻收到的现金〔息票利息和本金〕 用久期和凸性来估算价格变化()2mod 22P P 2121121)()()(Y C Y D Y C Y Y D P P Y C Y D P ∆⋅+∆⋅-=∆⋅+∆⋅+-≅∆∆⋅+∆⋅-≅∆此处P 债券的价格变化 D mod修正久期D P价格久期 D 麦考利久期 C 凸性 C P价格凸性P 当前支付的债券价格〔包括应付利息〕 Y 债券的到期收益率Y 债券收益率的微小变化投资组合凸性∑=⋅=NC 1i i i w 投资组合的凸性此处w i 债券i 在投资组合中的比重〔以市值衡量〕 C i 债券i 的凸性N 投资组合中债券的数目 付息日之间的凸性∑=+⋅+-⋅-⋅++=N t tt cnm f cumY CF f t f t P Y Y C 12)1()1()(1)1()1( 此处C cum 两个付息日之间的凸性P cum 债券的当前价格〔包括应计利息〕 Y 债券到期收益率CF t 在时刻t 收到的现金流〔票息〕F 自上一次付息日的时间,以年的分数形式计 N 现金流的次数1.2混合证券 1.2.1认股权证1.2.1.1认股权证定价MN NC W +⋅=此处,W 认股权证的价值C 依据Black-Scholes 模型确定的常规看涨期权的价值 N 在发行新股之前公司的股份数M 公司新发行的股份数1.2.2可转换债券 1.2.2.1投资特性转换比率=一张债券可转换得到股份数转换价格=可转换债券的面值/每张债券可转换的股份数〔假如有转换发生〕转换价值〔平价〕=转换比率×一般股的市场价格转换溢价〔以百分比算〕=〔债券市场价格-转换价值〕/转换价值投资溢价=债券市场价格-债券底限价格投资溢价〔以百分比算〕=〔债券市场价格-债券底限价格〕/债券底限价格回收期分析此处PP 回收期,以年计 MP 可转债券的市场价值 CV 可转债券的转换价值CY 可转债券的当前收益率=〔息票利率/MP 〕 DY 一般股票的分红收益率=股利/股票价格净现值分析此处NPV 净现值 CP 赎回价格 FV 面值Y nc 同样特征的不可转换证券的收益率 Y c 可转换证券的收益率N 可转换证券被赎回之前的年数1.2.3可赎回债券 1.2.3.1估值和久期确定赎回权〔看涨期权〕的价值可赎回债券价格=不含赎回权的对应债券价格–看涨期权价格有效久期和凸性)(的久期不可赎回债券价格价格经赎回调整的久期可赎回不可赎回δ-1⋅⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⋅= ⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛⋅⋅⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⋅⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=2--1久期回债券不可赎价格回债券不可赎)(的凸性不可赎回债券价格价格经赎回调整的凸性可赎回不可赎回γδ此处δ债券中含有的看涨期权的德尔塔系数γ债券中含有的看涨期权的伽玛系数1.2.4浮动利率债券1.2.4.1浮动利率债券的定价ff ex cum R R C C f P P --+++=⋅+=11,011,011)1(100)1( 此处P cum 债券的当前价格〔包括应计利息〕 P ex 零息债券的价格f 自上一次付息日的时间,以年的分数形式计C 1下一个票息R 0,1从0到1期间的即期利率1.2.5通胀挂钩债券传统债券收益率〔1+名义收益率〕=〔1+实际收益率〕〔1+预期通货膨胀率〕〔1+通货膨胀风险溢价〕 当变量值很小,表达式可近似地简化为:名义收益率=实际收益率+预期通货膨胀率+通货膨胀风险溢价通胀挂钩收益率=实际收益率+实际通货膨胀率 损益平衡通货膨胀率=名义收益率-通胀挂钩收益率指数化的本金)1(1t t t N N π+⋅=- t t N CR CF ⋅=此处N t 按时刻t 的通货膨胀率指数化的本金t π在时刻t 的通货膨胀率CF t 在时刻t 的现金流量 CR 债券实际票面利率 指数化的票面利率t t CR ICR π+=N ICR CF t t ⋅=此处ICR t 按时刻t 的通货膨胀率指数化的票面利率t π在时刻t 的通货膨胀率CF t 在时刻t 的现金流量 N 本金面值 通货紧缩底限),m ax (T T T N N N CR CF +⋅=1.3固定收益证券组合治理策略 1.3.1消极治理 1.3.1.1免疫策略A=L D A =D L A ×D A =L ×D L此处A 投资组合的现值 L 债务的现值D A 投资组合的久期 D L 债务的久期现金流相对其久期的离散程度iiA A i A A A D t DS ∑∑⋅-=i2i)(此处DS A 投资组合现金流对其久期的离散程度 D A 投资组合A 的久期A i 投资组合A 中第i 项现金流的现值 t i A投资组合A 中第i 项现金流的期限1.3.2计算套期保值比率:修正久期法mod FT ,t modSt F S F,S D F D S =R H ⋅⋅=⋅∆∆∆∆σσρ t ,CTD modFt ,CTD modSt S modFT ,t modSt S F CF D S kD S N D F kD S N N ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅-=⋅⋅⋅⋅-=此处HR 套期保值比率 S t t 时刻的现货价格F t,T t 时刻,到期日是T 的期货价格 ρΔS ,ΔF ΔS 和ΔF 之间的相关系数 σΔS ΔS 的标准差 σΔF ,ΔF 的标准差 CTD 最廉价可交割mod S D 被套期保值目标资产的修正久期 mod F D 期货的修正久期〔最廉价可交割的〕N F 期货合约的数量N S被套期保值目标资产的数目k合约规模S CTD,t最廉价可交割债券的现价CF CTD,t最廉价可交割债券的转换因子2衍生产品估值和分析2.1金融市场和工具 2.1.1相关市场 2.1.1.1互换利率互换同意固定收益的交易方的互换价值能够被表示为V=B 1—B 2此处V 互换的价值B 1互换中的固定收益债券的价值 B 2互换中的浮动收益债券的价值 B 1是固定利率债券现金流的现值nn ii t t ni t t R Q R KB )1()1(,01,01+++=∑=此处B 1互换中固定利率债券的价值K 在t i 时刻要支付的固定利率现金流 Q 互换协议中的名义本金R 0,i t 在到期日i t 时的即期利率当加入互换,同时马上在一个票面利率重置日之后,债券B 2的价值等于名义本金数Q 。
固定收益证券的估值、定价与计算 课件 (9)

在前一步骤的基础上进行业绩评估
调整组合结构
债券组合的管理是一个持续不断的过程 组合管理者随时根据当前的形势判断是否应该调整组合以便与外部的变化协 调一致
债券组合管理概述
债券组合管理的内容
债券组合管理的前提是对风险的预防与处理,包括风险因子的辨别、度 量以及对促使风险因子变化的市场环境的认知。
债券组合管理概述
债券组合
债券组合是投资者按照一定的投资目标设立的一组债券以及相关的债券 衍生品的集合
债券组合管理
债券组合管理是根据事先确立的管理目标,通过一定的技术手段对组合 进行维护、调节与控制,以便实现预定投资目标的过程 债券组合管理的主要内容涉及组合风险因子的辨别与处理、市场时机选 择、资产配置(包括部类配置与券种选择)以及组合业绩评价
7.5%
7.5%
138.83
终值
0.09*6133.7+0.91*305.4
289.8 9
HRR
2[(289.89/138.84)1/20- 7.5%
债券A、债券B以及债券组合10年的表现(市场利率为5.5%)
Bond A(4%,20,MD=11.78,D=12.22) 现金流 计算过程 金额 52.36 30.46 58.13 140.9 8 2[(133.71/64.04)1/201] Bond B(12%,20,MD=9.43,D=9.78) 现金流 计算过程 金额 157.18 91.36 58.13 306.67 2[(306.67/146.24) 1/20-1]
根据免疫法管理的债券组合可以在指定的时间内获得确定的、不受利率 变化影响的收益率。 这一管理方法在两个层面上得以运用:
一是在组合构造时使债券组合的久期等于负债的久期,并且使债券组合的初 始价值等于负债的初始价值。这样,当利率发生变化时,资产价值与负债价 值大致同等变化,相互抵消,组合管理者的总体财务状况不受利率波动的影 响;
CIIA复习宝典_固定收益证券估值与分析_部分幻灯片_鲁衡军

今天
折现
未来某日
1元钱
??
¾单利计算
求终值
例2-1 F = S ×(1+ i)× n
单利
¾复利计算 例2-2
复利
F = S ×(1+ i)×(1+i)×iii= S × (1+ i)n连续复利
¾连续复利计算 例2-8
F
=
S × er×t
15
第二章 货币的时间价值
¾年金的概念
9年金的概念:在金融理财部分非常重要 99公重式要:是现标理值系准解数年其an =金概∑t=n1期念(1+1i)末涵n = 支义1−iv付,n 现考值试系时数候;会标给准出年公金式终期值末系数支Sn付= ∑t终n=−01 (1值+ i)系t = 数(1+;ii)n −1
付息方式多样:年,半年,季度 无特殊说明,一般为年利率
10
第一章 基础知识
¾标价方式
◆中长期国债的百分比报价与美国传统的价格标价法
例1-2 例1-3
标价
=
交易价格 面值
×100
=
4335 5000
×100
=
86.70
89-16
=
1000
×
⎛ ⎜⎝
89
+
16 32
⎞ ⎟⎠
=
895
◆短期票据和短期国债的收益率报价法和指数报价法
美式复利计算
YTMA =2 × YTMS
18
第二章 货币的时间价值
两付息日之间的到期收益率
P
f 上次付息
现在
1-f 下次付息
f 理解成如0.2,0.3之类的比例数值 债券价格报价一般采用净价,总价格=净价P+ f×票面利息C 折现可以先折现到上次付息时间,然后右推到现在时间点
固定收益证券投资分析和估值(一)_真题-无答案

固定收益证券投资:分析和估值(一)(总分53,考试时间90分钟)单项选择题The investor would prefer the municipal bond because the taxable-equivalent yield is greater than the yield on the corporate bond: 6.4%>6.375%.1. Assume a city issues a $ 5 million bond to build a new arena. The bond pays 8 percent semiannual interest and will mature in 10 years. Current interest rates are 9 percent. What is the pres ent value of this bond and what will the bond's value be in seven years from today? Present Value Value in 7 Years from Today ①A. 4674802 4931276 ②B. 5339758 4871053 ③C. 4674802 4871053 A. ①B. ②C. ③2. An investor has the following options available to them:They can buy a 10% semi annual coupon, 10 - year bond for $1000.The coupons can be reinvested at 12%.They estimate the bond will be sold in 3 years $1050.Based on this information, what would be the average annual rate of return over the 3 years?A. 11.5%. B. 13.5%. C. 10.0%.3. A bond has a par value of $1000, a time to maturity of 20 years, a coupon rate of 10 percent with interest paid annually, a current price of $ 850, and a yield to maturity (YTM) of 12 percent. If the interest payments are reinvested at 10 percent, the **pounded yield on this bond is:A.10.00%. B. 12.0%. C. 10.9%.4. A non-callable bond with 18 years remaining maturity has an annual coupon of 7 percent and a $1000 par value. The current yield to maturity on the bond is 8 percent. Which of the following is closest to the effective duration of the bond?A. 9.63. B.11.89. C. 8.24.5. If a bond has a convexity of 120 and a modified duration of 10, what is the convexity adjustment associated with a 25 basis point interest rate decline?A. -2.875%. B. -2.125%. C. +0.075%.6. If interest rates fall, the:A. callable bond's price rises faster than that of a noncallable but otherwise identical bond. B. callable bond's price rises more slowly than that of a noncallable but otherwise identical bond. C. value of call option embedded in the callable bond fails.7. For an option-flee bond, if yields increase by 200 basis points, the parts of the total estimatedpercentage price change attributable to duration and the convexity adjustment, respectively, will most likely be: Part of the total estimated percentage price change attributable to duration Part of the total estimated percentage price change attributable to the convexity adjustment ①A. Negative Positive ②B. Negative Negative ③C. Positive Positive A. ①B. ②C. ③8. An investor gathered the following information about two 7 percent annual-pay, option-free bonds:Bond R has 4 years to maturity and is priced to yield 6 percentBond S has 7 years to maturity and is priced to yield 6 percentBoth bonds have a par value of $1000.Given a 50 basis point parallel upward shift in interest rates, what is the value of the two-bond portfolio?A. $2044. B. $2030. C. $2086.9. The six-month Treasury bill has a yield to maturity of 5 percent. The one-year Treasury bill, with zero coupon, has a yield to maturity of 6 percent. If a Treasury note with a maturity of 1.5 years and a coupon rate of 6 percent is priced at 97.32, what's the implied spot rate of 1.5 years?A.7.00%. B. 7.50%. C. 8.00%.10. Which of the following statements concerning arbitrage-free bond prices is FALSE?A. The riskier the bond, the greater is its credit spread. B. It is not possible to strip coupons from U. S. Treasuries and resell them. C. The determination of spot rates is usually done using risk-free securities.11. Consider a $ 1000 - face value, 12 - year, 8% , semiannual coupon bond with a YTM of 10.45%. The change in value for a decrease in yield of 38 basis points is:A. $21.18 B. $22.76. C. $23.06.12. If a $1000 bond has a 14 percent coupon rate and a current market price of 950, what is the current market yield?A. 14.74%. B. 14.00%. C. 15.36%.13. If market rates do not change, as time passes the price of a zero-coupon bond will:A. approach zero. B. approach the purchase price.C. approach par.14. The 3-year annual spot rate is 7%, the 4-year annual spot rate is 7.5%, and the 5-year annual spot rate is 8%. Based on the pure expectations theory of interest rates, the 1-year implied forward rate in four years is closest to:A. 10.00%. B. 7.75%. C. 9.00%.15. A bond with an 8 percent semi-annual coupon and 10-year maturity is currently priced at $904.52 to yield 9.5 percent. If the yield declines to 9 percent, the bond's price will increase to $934.96, and if the yield increases to 10 percent, the bond's price will decrease to $875.38. Estimate the percentage price change for a 100 basis point change in rates.A. 4. 35%. B. 2. 13%. C. 6.58%.16. A bond with a 12 percent coupon, 10 years to maturity and selling at 88 has a YTM of:A.between 10% and 12%. B. between 13% and 14%. C. over 14%.17. Consider a 10 percent, 10 - year bond sold to yield 8 percent. One year passes and interest rates remained unchanged (8 percent). What will have happened to the bond's price during this period?A. It will have decreased. B. It will have increased. C. It will have remained constant.18. Why should effective duration, rather than modified duration, be used when bonds contain embedded options?A. Effective duration considers expected changes in cash flows. B. Modified duration considers expected changes in cash flows. C. Either could be used if the bond has embedded options.19. Which of the following statements concerning the current yield is CORRECT? It:A. is of great interest to conservative bond investors seeking current income. B. is of great interest to aggressive bond investors seeking capital gains. C. shows the rate of return an investor will receive by holding a bond to maturity.20. Three years ago, at the advice of her financial planner, an investor purchased a $1000 face, 4.50%, semiannual coupon bond with seven years to maturity priced to yield 6.50% for $888.94. The reinvestment income that must be generated over the life of the bond for the investor to realize a yield of 6.5% is closest to:A. $72. B. $76. C. $80.21. Suppose you have a three-security portfolio containing bonds A, B and C. The effective portfolio duration is 5.9. The market values of bonds A, B and C are $60, $25 and $80, respectively.The durations of bonds A and C are 4. 2 and 6.2, respectively. Which of the following amounts is closest to the duration of bond B?A. 9.0. B. 1.4. C. 7.1.22. Consider a bond , par value $100 , that pays an annual coupon of 5 percent and that has three years remaining until maturity. Suppose the term structure of interest rates is flat at 6 percent. How much does the bond price change if the term structure of interest rates shifts down by 1 percent instantaneously?A. -2.67. B. 2.67. C. 0.00.23. What is the duration of a floating rate bond that has six years remaining to maturity and has semi-annual coupon payments. Assume a flat-term structure of 6 percent. Which of the following is closest to the correct duration?A. 0.500. B. 6.000. C.12.000.24. One of the **monly used yield spread measures is the nominal spread. Which of the following is a limitation of nominal spread? The nominal spread assumes:A. an upward sloping yield curve. B. a downward sloping yield curve. C. a flat yield curve.25. A semiannual-pay bond is callable in five years at $1080. The bond has an 8% coupon and 15 years to maturity. If an investor pays $ 895 for the bond today, what are the yield to call (YTC)and the yield to maturity (YTM), respectively? YTC YTM ①A. 10.77% 9.31% ②B.12.07% 9.31% ③C. 10.77% 10.21% A. ①B. ②C. ③26. Which of the following statements about a bond's cash flows is TRUE? The appropriate discount rate is a function of:A. the risk-free rate plus the return on the market. B. the risk-free rate plus the risk premium. C. only the risk premium.27. What is the probable change in price of a 30-year semiannual 6.5 percent coupon, $1000 par value bond yielding 8 percent when the nominal risk-free rate changes from 5 percent to 4 percent?A. $106.34. B. $107.31. C. $102.57.28. Assume that an option-free 5 percent coupon bond with annual coupon payments has two years to maturity. A callable bond that is the same in every respect as the option-free bond is priced at 91.76. With the term structure flat at 6 percent, what is the value of the embedded call option?A. -8.24. B. 4.58. C. 6.41.29. Consider the following two statements about put-able bonds:Statement 1: As yields fall, the price of put-able bonds will rise less quickly than similar option-free bonds (beyond a critical point) due to the decrease in value of the embedded put option.Statement 2: As yields rise, the price of put-able bonds will fall more quickly than similar option-free bonds (beyond a critical point) due to the increase in value of the embedded put option.You should:A. agree with statement 1 and disagree with statement 2. B. agree with statement 1 and agree with statement 2. C. disagree with statement 1 and disagree with statement 2.30. You are considering the purchase of a three-year annual coupon bond with a par value of $1000 and a coupon rate of 5.5 percent. You have determined that the spot rate for year 1 is 5.2 percent, the spot rate for year two is 5.5 percent, and the spot rate for year three is 5.7 percent. What would you be willing to pay for the bond now?A. $937.66. B. $995.06. C. $1000.00.31. Bond is selling at a discount relative to its par value. Which of the following relationships holds?A. yield to maturity <coupon rate <current yield. B. current yield <coupon rate <yield to maturity. C. coupon rate <current yield <yield to maturity.32. Current spot rates are as follows:1- Year: 6.5%2 - Year: 7.0%3 - Year: 9.2%Which of the following is TRUE?A. For a 3 - year annual pay coupon bond, all cash flows can be discounted at 9.2% to find the bond's arbitrage-free value. B. The yield to maturity for 3 - year annual pay coupon bond can be found by taking the arithmetic average of the 3 spot rates. C. For a 3 - year annual pay coupon bond, the first coupon can be discounted at 6.5%, thesecond coupon can be discounted at 7.0% , and the third coupon plus maturity value can be discounted at 9.2% to find the bond's arbitrage-free value.33. All else held equal, the duration of bonds selling at higher **pared to bonds selling at lower yields will be:A. greater. B. lower. C. equal.34. Calculate the current yield and the Yield-to-first Call on a bond with the following characteristics: 5 years to maturity $1000 face value 8.75% semi-annual coupon Priced to yield 9.25% = Callable at $1025 in two years Current Yield Yield-to-Call ①A. 8.93% 11.02% ②B. 9.83% 19.80% ③C. 12.67% 11.02% A. ①B. ②C. ③35. Which of the following characteristics would create the least difficulty in estimating a bond's cash flows?A. Variable coupon rate. B. Put-able bond. C. Non-callable bond.36. An 11 percent coupon bond with annual payments and 10 years to maturity is callable in 3 years at a call price of $1100. If the bond is selling today for 975, the yield to call is:A.14.97%. B. 10.26%. C. 10.00%.37. Answering an essay question on a midterm examination, a finance student writes these two statements: Statement 1: The value of a fixed income security is the sum of the present values of all its expected future coupon payments. Statement 2: The steps in the bond valuation process are to estimate the bond's cash flows, determine the appropriate discount rate, and calculate the present value of the expected cash flows. Should the instructor mark these statements correct or incorrect? Statement 1 Statement 2 ①A. Correct Correct ②B. Correct Incorrect ③C. Incorrect Correct A. ①B. ②C. ③38. An investor gathered the following information on three zero-coupon bonds:1 - year, $600 par, zero-coupon bond valued at $5712 - year, $600 par, zero-coupon bond valued at $5443 - year, $10600 par, zero-coupon bond valued at $8901Given the above information, how much should an investor pay tbr a $10000 par, 3 - year, 6 percent, annual-pay coupon bond?A. $10000. B. $10600. C. $10016.39. The one-year spot rate is 6 percent and the one-year forward rates starting in one, two and three years respectively are 6.5 percent, 6.8 percent and 7 percent. What is the four-year spot rate?A. 6.51%. B. 6.58%. C. 6.57%.40. Which of the following statements about duration is TRUE?A. The result of the formula for effective duration is for a 0.01% change in interest rates. B. A bond's percentage change in price and dollar change in price are both tied to the underlying price volatility. C. The formula for effective duration is: (price when yields fall - price when yields rise)/(initial price × change in yield expressed as a decimal).41. Given a required yield to maturity of 6 percent, what is the intrinsic value of a semi-annual paycoupon bond with an 8 percent coupon and 15 years remaining until maturity?A. $1196. B. $1202. C. $1095.42. What value would an investor place on a 20 - year, $1000 face value, 10 percent annual coupon bond, if the investor required a 9 percent rate of return?A. $879. B. $920. C. $1091.43. What is the present value of a 7 percent semi-annual pay corporate bond with a $1000 face value and 20 years to maturity if it is yielding 6. 375 percent?? If a municipal bond is yielding 4.16 percent and an investors marginal tax rate is 35 percent, would the investor prefer the corporate bond or the municipal bond? Value Investor preference ①A. $1121.23 municipal bond ②B. $1070.09 corporate bond ③C. $1070.09 municipal bondA. ①B. ②C. ③44. An analyst has gathered the following information:Bond A is an 11 percent annual coupon bond currently trading at 106. 385 and matures in 3 years. The yield-to-maturity (YTM) for Bond A is 8.50 percent.The YTM for a Treasury bond that matures in 3 - years is 7.65 percent. 1, 2, and 3 - year spot rates are 5.0 percent, 6.5 percent and 8.25 percent, respectively. Which of the following statements regarding spreads on bond A is TRUE?A. The nominal spread is approximately 85 basis points. B. The Z-spread is approximately 85 basis points. C. The option-adjusted spread is approximately 75 basis points.45. Which of the following is a limitation of the cash flow yield measure? The cash flow yield measure:A. uses a 360-day year. B. assumes that the projected cash flows are reinvested at the cash flow yield. C. assumes a flat yield curve.46. Which of the following statements about duration is FALSE?A. There is a direct relationship between yield to maturity and duration. B. There is an inverse relationship between coupon and duration. C. There is a direct relationship between duration and maturity.47. Which is the bond-equivalent yield given if the monthly yield is equal to 0.7 percent?A.8.40%. B. 8.58%. C. 8.55%.48. Yield to call is a less conservative yield measure than the yield to maturity whenever the price of a callable bond is quoted at a value:A. equal to par value less one year's interest. B. equal to par value. C. more than par.49. A coupon bond pays annual interest, has a par value of $1000, matures in 4 years, has a annual coupon of $100, and a yield to maturity of 12 percent. The current yield on this bond is:A.9.50%. B. 10.65%. C. 11.25%.50. At 1 January, 2008, an option-free 8 percent annual coupon bond, with 10 years to maturity and a par value of $1000, had a discount rate of 9 percent. On 1 January 2009, the discount rate had decreased to 8.5 percent because of an upgrade in the bond's rating. If interest is paidannually, the portions of the bond's price change from 2008 to 2009 attributable to the passage of time and the rating upgrade respectively, are closet to: Passage of time Rating upgrade ①A. -$4.23 $29.35 ②B. -$4.23 $33.58 ③C. $4.23 $29.35 A. ①B. ②C. ③51. An investor purchased a 10 - year zero-coupon bond with a yield to maturity of 10 percent anda par value of $1000. What would her rate of return be at the end of the year if she sells the bond? Assume the yield to maturity on the bond is 9 percent at the time it is sold and **pounding periods are used.A. 16.00%. B. 17.63%. C. 19.42%.52. In capital markets, stock dividends and bond coupons generally provide what is referred to as:A. current yield. B. capital gain yield. C. internal yield.53. Which of the following statements about duration and convexity is FALSE?A. duration to first call is longer than duration to maturity. B. convexity of a callable bond is always lower than that of a noncallable bond when rates fall. C. callable bonds' convexity can be negative.。
固定收益证券的估值定价与计算

固定收益证券的估值定价与计算固定收益证券是指具有固定利率和到期日的债务工具,包括国债、企业债、可转换债券等。
这些证券的估值定价非常重要,因为它关系到投资者购买和持有这些证券的决策。
下面将详细介绍固定收益证券的估值定价与计算方法。
一、债券的估值定价要素债券的估值定价主要涉及以下几个要素:1.本金(面值):债券的本金是债券发行时债务人承诺归还给债权人的金额,也被称为面值。
本金通常是固定的,一般情况下以100元计。
2.利率:债券的利率是债券发行时债务人承诺向债权人支付的利息。
利率可以是固定利率,也可以是浮动利率。
利率对于债券的定价影响很大。
3.期限(到期日):债券的期限是债权人持有债券的时间,也被称为到期日。
期限的长短对债券的定价有一定影响。
4.利息支付方式:债券的利息支付可以是按年、按半年或按季度支付等不同方式,不同的支付方式也会对债券的定价产生影响。
5.市场利率:债券的估值定价还需要考虑市场利率的影响,市场利率是指当前时间点上同期限、同等级债券的市场利率水平。
二、债券的估值定价方法根据债券的估值定价要素,常用的债券估值定价方法有以下几种:1.毛收益率法:毛收益率法是根据债券的票面利率、到期日、发行价格、市场利率等要素,来计算债券的估值价格。
具体计算公式如下所示:估值价格=每年应付利息/(1+市场利率)+本金/(1+市场利率)^n 其中,每年应付利息=面值*票面利率如果债券的估值价格高于发行价格,则被认为是高估;反之,被认为是低估。
2.净现值法:净现值法是根据债券的未来现金流量的现值与购买价格的差额来计算债券的估值价格。
具体计算公式如下所示:净现值=票面利息*折现系数/(1+市场利率)^n+赎回价格/(1+市场利率)^n其中,票面利息=面值*票面利率折现系数=(1-(1+市场利率)^(-n))/市场利率如果净现值为正,则债券被认为是低估;反之,被认为是高估。
3.收益率法:收益率法是根据债券的票面利率、到期日、估值价格等要素,来计算债券的收益率。
固定收益证券估值与分析

固定收益证券估值与分析固定收益证券估值与分析是金融领域中一项重要的技术,它涉及到对固定收益证券的评估和预测。
固定收益证券是指一种承诺在未来一些时间支付固定利息或本金的金融资产,包括债券、国债、定期存款等。
通过对这些金融资产的估值与分析,可以帮助投资者做出更明智的投资决策。
首先,票面利率是固定收益证券上标明的年利率,也称为固定利率。
该利率与债券的价格具有直接的关系,利率越高,价格越低,反之亦然。
其次,市场利率是指当前市场上可获得的利率。
当市场利率高于固定收益证券的票面利率时,固定收益证券的价格会下降。
因为投资者可以购买市场上更高利率的债券来获取更高的回报。
第三,到期时间是指固定收益证券的还款期限。
一般来说,到期时间越长,固定收益证券的价格越高。
因为长期债券的风险较高,需要提供更高的回报才能吸引投资者购买。
第四,流动性是指固定收益证券的市场交易性。
流动性较高的固定收益证券通常价格较高,因为投资者更容易买入和卖出这些证券。
最后,信用风险是指固定收益证券发行机构的违约风险。
如果发行机构的信用状况较差,投资者要求更高的回报来补偿风险。
基于这些关键因素,可以采用不同的估值模型来评估固定收益证券的价格。
其中,最常用的模型是现金流模型和折现模型。
现金流模型根据固定收益证券的未来现金流量来估算其价格。
该模型假设投资者持有证券直到到期,并收取所有利息和本金。
根据预期的现金流量和利率,可以计算出证券的价值。
这个模型适用于没有违约风险的证券。
而折现模型是基于固定收益证券的现金流量和投资回报率来计算证券的价格。
该模型认为投资者可能在未来将证券出售,因此考虑了证券的市场交易性。
该模型也考虑了违约风险,以及不同投资者对风险的不同偏好。
综上所述,固定收益证券的估值与分析涉及到多方面的因素,包括票面利率、市场利率、到期时间、流动性和信用风险。
通过合理运用现金流模型和折现模型等估值方法,可以对固定收益证券的价格进行评估和预测,帮助投资者做出更明智的投资决策。
CIIA最终考试II问题翻译

试卷II:固定收益证券估值与分析衍生品估值与分析投资组合管理问题最终考试2013年9月问题1 :固定收益证券估值与分析(41分)作为一名固定收益证券方面的金融工程师,你面对以下三种证券:所有债券面值都是100。
1bps: 0.01%;收益率天数惯例:30/360。
a)在考虑一些结构化投资机会前,你需要完成一些基本的计算并回答下列问题:a1) 根据上面给出的表格,计算三种债券的价格①, ②和③。
【为了计算②, 假设刚刚确定6个月期a2) 根据上面给出的表格,计算三个修正久期④, ⑤和⑥。
【假设刚刚确定6个月期Euribor是0.35%(每年)。
】(6 分)a3) 给定的三种债券,哪种凸性最高? (不需要计算,简要给出理由)(3分)b)你的投资者需要一种称为“逆浮动利率债券(inverse floater)”的产品,此产品需要每半年支付“12%减去6个月期EURIBOR”的票息。
b1)原则上,你如何利用上面表格中给出的债券构造该“逆浮动利率债券”?(不需要严格计算,只是简单解释一下将持有何种债券、每种债券的数量以及是空头头寸还是多头头寸)(5分)b2) 此“逆浮动利率债券”的价格是多少?【如果没能解出问题a1),可以假设给出的三种债券的价格分别是106%、100% 和99%。
】(5分)b3) 计算此“逆浮动利率债券”的修正久期。
【如果没有解出问题a2),可假设三种债券的修正久期分别为0.97、0.5 和0.99,债券的价格则使用问题b2)中的数值】(5分)c)最后,要求你估计该“逆浮动利率债券”内在的风险暴露:c1) 简要指出这项投资的三种主要的风险因素。
(3分)c2) 你如何估计该“逆浮动利率债券”的利率风险?(不需要计算,只需做出简要解释)(4分)c3) 你能使用何种对冲手段来减少该“逆浮动利率债券”的利率风险?(3分)问题2:固定收益/ 衍生品/ 投资组合管理(38 分)作为跨国银行XYZ的结构化产品部门的领导,你当前的项目是为银行XYZ发行一款信用联结票据(CLN),其参照主体是汽车公司ABC,主要特征如下:注:Euribor:欧元区银行间同业拆借利率;“bps”= “基点”:1 bps = 0.01%;收益率天数惯例:30/360。
固定收益证券的估值、定价与计算 课件 (4)

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收益率曲线和利率期限结构
利率期限结构形状及变化的几种理论解释
预期理论(The expectation theory)
假如当前1年期利率为6%,市场普遍预期1年后的利率为7%,那么,2年期的 即期利率应该是[(1+6%)(1+7%)]1/2-1≈6.5%。 如果2年期市场利率低于这一水平,比如6.2%,即 [(1+6%)(1+7%)]1/2-1>6.2% 2年期借款利率便宜,1年期借款利率昂贵,借款者势必放弃1年期借款而转向2 年期借款,而贷款者则愿意放弃2年期贷款转向1年期贷款,结果是1年期贷 款利率下降,2年期贷款利率上升,最后市场重新回到均衡。
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收益率曲线和利率期限结构
利率期限结构形状及变化的几种理论解释
市场分割理论(market segmentation theory)
如果长期资金供求曲线交叉点利率>中期资金供求曲线交叉点利率>短期资 金供求曲线交叉点利率,期限结构呈上升趋势;反之,则呈下降趋势;如果 三者相等,则呈现平行形状。
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固定收益证券估值和分析
固定收益证券是一种具有固定利率或固定收益的证券,如债券、优先
股等。
在金融市场中,固定收益证券是重要的投资工具,具有一定的估值
和分析方法。
本文将探讨固定收益证券的估值和分析,包括债券估值和债
券分析,以及其他固定收益证券的特点和评估方法。
债券估值是指确定债券的市场价值,一般采用贴现法计算。
贴现法的
基本思想是将债券的未来现金流折现到当前时点,以确定债券的市场价值。
具体的计算方法为将每一期的现金流按照相应的市场利率进行折现,并相
加得到债券的现值。
常见的市场利率包括市场基准利率、预期回报率等。
债券分析是指对债券的风险和收益进行评估,以确定是否值得投资。
债券的风险主要包括信用风险、利率风险和流动性风险。
信用风险是指发
行机构无法按时偿付债券的本金和利息;利率风险是指债券价格受到市场
利率波动的影响;流动性风险是指债券在二级市场上的买卖性质。
债券分析的方法主要包括财务分析、信用分析和市场分析。
财务分析
主要通过分析企业的财务状况、偿债能力和盈利能力等指标来评估债券的
风险和收益;信用分析主要评估债券发行人的信用状况和还债能力;市场
分析主要通过分析市场的供求关系、竞争关系和技术指标等来预测债券价
格的走势。
二、其他固定收益证券的特点和评估方法
除了债券,还有其他固定收益证券,如优先股、可转债等。
这些证券
具有一些特点和估值方法。
优先股是一种具有固定股息的股票,它的收益和风险介于债券和普通
股票之间。
优先股的特点是具有优先分红权和清偿权,但没有表决权。
优
先股的估值方法主要包括财务分析、市场分析和股息贴现法。
财务分析主
要评估企业的盈利能力和偿债能力;市场分析主要通过分析市场的需求和
供给关系来预测优先股的价格;股息贴现法是将优先股的股息按照一定的
折现率进行折现,以确定其市场价值。
可转债是一种具有转股权的债券,可以按照一定的比例转换为普通股票。
可转债的特点是具有债券和股票的特性,既可以获得固定收益,又可
以获得股票的增值收益。
可转债的估值方法主要包括债券估值和股票估值。
债券估值方法与债券估值相同,可以计算可转债的债权价值;股票估值方
法主要包括财务分析、市场分析和股价贴现法。
除了债券、优先股和可转债,还有其他类型的固定收益证券,如理财
产品、资产支持证券等。
这些证券的特点和估值方法与债券类似,但具体
的分析方法需要根据不同的证券类型进行调整。
综上所述,固定收益证券的估值和分析是投资者进行投资决策的重要
工具。
通过对固定收益证券的财务、风险和市场等方面进行综合分析,投
资者可以确定投资的价值和风险,并做出相应的投资决策。