中考英语语法第20讲课件--祈使句、感叹句、反义疑问句、it、倒装句

• 这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动 词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。 • It‟s a good habit to get up early and go to bed early． • 早睡早起是好习惯。 It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship． • 乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 It feels strange to have a twin sister． • 有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。
反意疑问句特殊情况 1,当陈述部分含有 little/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neith er/nobody/nothing,none等表示否定意义的 词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。 She has few friends, does she? She has never been there,has she? There was nothing in the box, was there? None of us knows it, do we?
祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的回答
• 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作， 所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won‟t。 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意 两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一 致；No与won‟t保持一致。二是意思相反， 即Yes是不的意思；No是“是”的意思。 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提 供的条件。
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1.It ＋is ／was ＋one‟s turn（duty，pleasure） ＋to do sth． 意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。 如： It‟s your turn to be on duty tomorrow． 明天轮到你值日了。 2.It takes（sb．）some time to do sth． 意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如： It took me a week to finish reading the book． 我花了一周时间看完这本书。 3.It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth． 译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。 如： It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch． 我买这块新手表花了260元。 4.It seems ／seemed ＋从句。 译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式” 形式。如： It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起 来他好像病了。
前肯后否 前否后肯
• Jim is doing his homework, isn‟t he? • Tom wasn‟t watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he? • You went to Beijing yesterday, didn‟t he? • You knew nothing about him, did you? • There is little water in the cup, is there? • There are a few apples in the bag, aren‟t there?
What nice music it is!
How引导的感叹句
由How引导的感叹句。
how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。
其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs!
• 2,当陈述部分否定意义的词如：unhappy, dislike,careless 等含有否定词缀在派生词 时，仍按肯定句对待，疑问部分用否定形 式。 • He looks unhappy today, doesn‟t he ? • The girl dislikes history ,doesn‟t she?
It作形式主语
It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语
• 对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规 则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形 容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind， good，nice，clever等则用of。 • It is interesting to play with snow in winter． • 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 It‟s important for us to keep the water clean． • 保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 It‟s very kind of you to say so． • 你这样说真是太好了。
五种特殊句型
祈使句
感叹句 反义疑问句 It(形式主语、形式宾语、强调句） 倒装句
祈使句的肯定句式
• 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型： • 1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。例如： • Make sentences after the model.根据例句造 句。 • 2. Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语 等)。例如： • Be careful when crossing the street.过马路 时要小心。 • 3. Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。例如： • Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。
6,祈使句的反意疑问句 Please close the door, won‟t you? Don‟t close the door, will you? • Let 开头的祈使句 • Let‟s go, shall we? • Let us go, will you? 7， 陈述部分是I am..，疑问部分要用 aren„t I. I‟m as tall as your sister， aren„t I ？
反意疑问句的一般情况
• 1.Tom is good at English, isn‟t he? • 2. Mike likes playing basketball, doesn‟t he? • 3. I can play basketball, can‟t I ? • 4. My father has been to Beijing twice, hasn‟t he ? • 5. This/that is a table, isn‟t it? (these, those-> they)
4,当陈述部分是there be句型时， • There are some apples. aren‟t there? • There will be robots in people‟s home in the future, won‟t there? 5,省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定 形式，并用be 的一般现在时。 • What a clever boy， isn‟t he? What beautiful girls, aren‟t they?
It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句
• It is certain that he will come． • 他一定会来。 It‟s true that he may fall behind the other students． • 他真的可能落后于其他同学。 It is strange that he should say so． • 他居然这么说，真是奇怪。
其他it作形式主语
It作形式宾语
• it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it ＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从 句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名 词等充当。
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--- Don‟t go out, please. It‟s raining heavily outside. • 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 • ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. • 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。
3，陈述部分为I think/ believe/ suppose 引导的宾语从句，疑问部分根据从句的情 况及整句所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成。 • I think he is at home isn‟t he? • I don‟t believe Tom can succeed, can he ?
8,陈述部分有have to +v.原 (had to + v.原)，
疑问部分常用don„t +主语（didn‟t +主语）。
We have to get there at eight, don't we? 9，陈述部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主 语通常与主句的主语一致。 She said he would come tomorrow, didn‟t she? He told us how to get to the farm, didn‟t he?
what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式： 1. What +a(an) +（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What kind women they are!
what与how引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。
What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is!