常见合成词形义结合巧读速记

2011年10月15日星期六

南开李鑫编

英语合成词常由两个单词构成，分析两词词义，则可归纳出合成词的词义。

下面列出中学英语所学合成词并增加部分一眼就可看出词义的常见合成词。

[注]: 汉语释义前有conj.者为连词；有pron.者为代词；有v.者为动词；

有prep.者为介词；汉语释义后有“的”为形容词;有“地”为副词；其它都为名词。

合成词构词结构一览:

合成名词: 1.n.+n. 2.n.+gerund 3.n+prep. 4.n+v. 5.gerund+n. 6.prep+n. 7.v+n.

8.adv.+v 9.v+adv.

合成形容词:1.adj.+n. 2.adj+n.-ed 3.adj.+pp. 4.adv+pp.5.n+adj.6.n(pro)+pp.

合成动词: 1.adj.+v 2.adv.+v afterlife 余生afternoon 下午afterthought 反省afterwards ad.后来afterword 编后记air-conditioned空调的air-cooled空气冷却的air-cover 空中掩护aircraft飞机air-drop(ped)空降(的) air-field 飞机场air-force 空军air-gun 气枪air-liner 班机air-mail 航空邮件air-man 航空兵airplane 飞机air-port 机场airship 气艇air-space空域air-to-air 空对空anybody pron.任何人anyhow ad.无论如何anyone pron.任何人anyplace任何地方anytime ad.任何时间anything 任何事情anyway ad.无论怎样anywhere ad.无论哪里any-words 任何话apple-faced苹果脸形的apple-shaped苹果形的armchair 扶手椅army-man军人ashtray 灰缸backache 背痛backcounrty 边远地区backdoor 后门background 背景backroom 里屋backseat 后座backtalk v.回嘴backwards ad.向后backyard 后院balldress 舞会长礼服ballroom 舞厅ballpen 圆珠笔basketball 篮球bathroom 洗澡室bedbug 臭虫bedclothes 铺盖bedroom 铺盖bedpan 便盆bedtime 就寝的时刻beeswax 蜂蜡beforehand ad.事先big-eared 大耳的birdcage 鸟笼birthday 生日birthplace 出生地better-trained 受较好培养的blackbird 黑鸟black-haired黑发的black-beared 黑胡子的blackboard 黑板blue-eyed 兰眼睛的blond-haired金发的bookcase 书箱bookkeeper bookmark 书签booklover 爱书者bookseller 卖书人bookshelf 书架bookshop 书店bookstand 书亭bookstall 书亭bookstore 书店bookwarm 书虫;书呆breadwinner 养家活口之人breakdown 故障breakfast 早饭breakthough 突围breakwater 防波堤breakwind 防风林bright-cheeked 面颊发亮的bright-lit灯亮的broadcast 广播

broad-chested宽胸的broken-down bus-driver 公共汽车司机

busman 公共汽车司机bus-stop 公共汽车站businessman生意人bushmaster 毒蛇

cash-desk chairman 主席character-training

培养性格的

charcoat 木炭chopsticks筷子churchyard 教堂内院

classfeeling阶级感情classmate 同班同学classroom 教室

clear-headed 头脑清楚的cleverly-constructed 修建巧妙的coastline

海岸线

cold-blooded 冷血的commonplace 不足道的cough-drop 止咳药片

countryside 农村courtyard 院子craftsman 技工

day-break 黎明day-boy 走读生day-care 日托day-dream 白日梦

daylight 日光daylong终日的dayroom娱乐室dayschool日校daytime 白昼

daywork日班deckchair帆布椅deep-set深陷的dining-room 食堂

dive-bomber深水炸弹doghouse 狗舍doorbell 门铃doorkeeper门卫

doorman 门卫

doorstep 门阶doorway 门道dope-taker 吸毒者downstairs ad.在楼上

drugstore 杂货店

dustbin 垃圾dustcloth防尘布dustman 垃圾工人dustpan 垃圾撮箕

dumbfound v.呆;愣

earthquake 地震eight-year-old 八岁的English-Chinese 英汉的

Eenglishman 英国人engineroom 机器房epock-making 划时代的

evergreen 常绿的everybody pron.人人everyday 每天的

everyone pron.人人everyplace ad.每处everything pron.每事

everywhere ad. 各处exercise-book 练习本expressway 高速公路

eyebrow 眼眉eye-sight 视力eyecatching 动人的

eye-glasses眼镜eyeshot视界eyetooth犬齿

eyewash洗眼药水blue-eyed蓝眼的large-eyed 大眼的one-eyed 独眼的

fan-eared 扇形耳的faraway 遥远的farewell interj.告别farmhand 雇工

farmhouse 农舍fastfood 快餐fireengine 灭火机fireman 消防员

fireplace 壁炉fireside 炉边first-class 头等的fishpond 鱼池

fisherman 渔民flashlight 闪光flowerbed 花圃floorboards 地板

football 足球footbridge天桥foothold立足点footlight地灯

footlog独木桥footmark 足迹footprint 足迹footstone基石

footwalk/footway人行道forearm 祖先/前臂forecast预报foreclose预先处理

forefather 祖宗forefinger 食指forefoot前脚forefront

最前线foregoer祖先

foregone预知foreground 前景forehead 前额foreknow

预知foreknowledge预知

foreleg前腿foremost名列前茅的foremother女祖先forename名forenoon午前

forenotice预告forepart 前部forereach胜过forerun预报

forerunner先驱者

foresee 预见foreshore前滨foreshow 预示foresight预见foretaste预尝

foretell预告foretaken预兆forethought预谋forewoman女工头foreword前言

four-legged四腿的four-sided四边的framework结构freeway 公路

freedom-loving爱自由的freshcaught才捉到的fresh-faced面生的

freshkilled刚杀的

freshman 大学新生fresh-painted才漆的freshwater 淡水的

full-dress盛装

fullface正面的脸fullgrown 成熟的fullhouse 客满fullmarks 满分

fullmoon 满月fullpage 全页fulltime 专职的

full-scale齐备的

gateway 门道gentleman 绅士get-together 联欢会glass-doored

门装玻璃的

goatkeeper 牧羊人goatherd 牧羊人golden-haired 金发的good-nature 礼貌的

grandaunt 姑婆grandchild 孙孙granddad 祖父granddaughter孙女

grandfather 公公grandma 婆婆grandmother婆婆grandpa 爷爷

grandson 孙儿granduncle 舅公glasscovered 被草覆盖的glassland 草地

green-eyed 嫉妒的greengrocer杂货店grown-up 成人guidebook 指南书

guide-dog 引路狗gun-boat 炮舰gunfire 炮火gunman 持枪歹徒

powder 火药gunshot射击

hair-dresser 理发师hair-cut 理发hair-oil发油hairpencil 画笔

half-hibernate v.半冬眠halfpenny 半便士halfsmile v.微笑handbag 手提包

handball 手球handbill传单handbook手册handcart手推车handcuff 手铐

handmade手工制的handpicked精选的handsaw手锯handshake握手handsome 英俊的

handstand 手倒立handwork 手工handwriting 书法

hard-hearted硬心肠的

hardworking辛勤劳动的hardwood 硬木havesttime 收获时节headache 头痛

headmaster 校长(pig-headed冥顽的wood-headed愚钝的) heartache 悲痛

heartbreak(ing) 心碎(的);伤心(的)heartbroken 伤心的heart-burning嫉忌

heart-disease心脏病heart-faiture心脏衰竭heartfelt 至诚的

heartsick 垂头丧气的(kind-hearted好心肠的warm-hearted热心肠的) herdsman牧民

hiding-place 藏身处high-boy高衣柜high-class高级的犺igh-flying野心勃勃的

high-grade高级的high-handed(ly)专横的(地) high-hat势利的犺igh-keyed高调的

high-jumping跳高highland 高地high-level高阶层的high-life奢侈生活

high-light精彩部分high-necked高领的high-powered能力强的

highest-quality优质的

high-road 捷径;大路high-up要人highway 公路hillside山坡homeland 祖国

homemade自制的hometown 家乡homework 家庭作业honeybee 蜜蜂

honeycomb蜂房honeydew 蜜汁horse-back 马背horse-faced 马脸的

horse-riding骑马housedog看家狗housekeeper 管家houselet 小房子

housemother女管家housemouse家鼠houseroom摆物间house-to-house挨户的

housetop 屋顶housewife家庭主妇housework 家务事hunting-gun 猎枪

however ad.无论怎样

ice-age 冰河时代ice-berg 冰山ice-boat 冰船ice-box冰箱cold 冰冷

ice-cream冰糕ice-house冰库ill-treated v.虐待

in-and-in 近亲配

inbetween 中间人income 收入indoors ad.室内inside ad.在内into

prep.进入

be-in 狂欢会bed-in露宿示威bike-in 自行车大示威buy-in 补偿买入

camp-in 露宿示威drive-in 可坐车观看的露天影院die-in 死亡示威eat-in 聚餐会

fish-in 捕鱼示威laugh-in 谐趣节目lie-in卧街示威look-in

拜访

love-in 性爱会paint-in 油漆示威ride-in乘车示威

sing-in齐齐唱

sleep-in露宿示威smoke-in 吸毒会study-in学习会swim-in游泳示威work-in工作斗争

kidnap v.绑架kinsman 同胞；亲戚

land-forces 陆军landlord 地主landmark 界标landmass 大陆

large-eyed大眼的lawbook 法律书籍brother-in-law 舅子father-in-law岳父

mother-in-law 岳母sister-in-law 媳妇lazy-bones 懒骨头

left-handed用左手的

childlike 孩子似的girl-like姑娘似的like-minded志趣相投的likewise 同样地

warlike 好战的lifeboat 救生船living-room 起居室long-eared 长耳的

long-faced 长脸的long-haired 长发的long-legged长腿的long-nosed长鼻的

looking-glass镜子(funny-looking 相貌可笑的good-looking长相好看的

important-looking看起很重要的样子ordinary-looking 相貌平平的)lookout了望台

looker-over检验员looksee视察旅行lookthrough透视loud-speaker 扬声器

look-up查表lunch-room 午餐室lunch-time午餐时

machinegun 机枪man-eater 吃人的人或物mankiller 杀手mankind 人类

man-made 人造的manpower 人力manservant 男仆mantime 人次

man-to-man 人盯人的airman航空兵busman司机chairman 主席

craftsman 技工Englishman 英国人fire-man消防员fisherman 渔夫

Frenchman 法国人gentleman 绅士herdsman牧人kinsman 同胞

milkman 送奶工nightman 掏粪工policeman 警察postman 邮差

sellsman 售货员sportsman 运动员workman 工人marketplace市场

maybe 大概birth-mark 痣footmark 脚印high-mark 高分

low-mark 低分meanwhile 同时meetingroom会议室midday 中午

middle-school中学milkmaid 挤奶女工moneyleader高利贷者monkey-faced

猴脸的

monkey-nut落花生moreover ad.此外motherhood 母性

mother-in-law岳母

motherland 祖国mother-language母语motherlike似母亲的mother-ship

母舰

mother-tongue母语

nearby 附近的near-sighted 近视的never-ending 永不终止的necklace 项链

newcomer 新来者newsboy 报童newslettler 简讯newsreel新闻片

newspaper 报纸newsroom 阅报室newsstand 报架nightbird 夜鸟

nightblindness 夜盲症nightcap睡帽nightclothes 睡衣nightclub夜总会

nightdress睡衣nightfall 傍晚nightlife 夜生活nightlight夜灯

nightlong 通宵nightpiece 夜景nightschool 夜校nightsweat盗汗

nightwalker妓女nightwatch 守夜nightwatcher守夜人nobleman贵族

nobody没有人notebook笔记本nothing没东西nowhere没处

oilcloth油布oilfield油田

one-armed独臂的one-eyed独眼的one-handed单手的

one-legged独腿的one-room单间的one-sided片面的one-way单程的onto到...上面

outbrave v.以勇气胜过outbreak/outbrust v.爆发outclass/outdo v.胜过

outcome结果outcry v.大叫outdoor户外的outfight v.战胜outgrow v.长得太快

outlet插坐outlive v.活得太久outlook景色outmarch v.胜过outnumber(量)超过

outplay v.胜过output产量outrun v.超过outside 外面out-spoken直言的

outstanding出色的;突出的outwork 外堡over-参看前缀构词oxhide牛皮

passerby过路人password暗语peacemaker造成和平的人peacelover热爱和平的人

peaceloving爱好和平的pencilbox铅笔盒penfriend 笔友

penknife铅笔刀penmanship书法penname笔名

pennyworth值一便士的东西

pickpocket扒手picturebook图书pig-headed冥顽不化的pigiron生铁块

pigskin猪皮pigtail辫子pigwash猪食playact表演playactor演员

playday假日playbill演出海报playbook剧本playbox玩具箱playboy花花公子

playgame儿戏playgoer戏迷playground操场playhouse游戏室playland游戏场

playmate游伴playroom游艺室playschool托儿所playsuit运动衫plaything玩物

playtime娱乐时间playwriting戏剧创作playfellow游伴

policecar警车policeman警察policestation派出所platfrom月台

pocketbook袖珍本poorhouse贫民收容所postbag邮袋postbox邮箱

postcard明信片postfree免邮费的postmark邮戳postmaster邮政局长

postoffice邮政局postpaid邮资已付的praiseworthy值得称赞的

quick-cured 迅速治愈的quick-firing速射的get-rich-quick迅速致富的

railway铁路rainbow虹raincoat雨衣rainfall降雨(量)

n.+room: ballroom舞室bedroom寝室classroom教室diningroom餐室

readingroom阅览室recordingroom录音室restroom休息室sittingroom起居室

red-lipped红唇的red-nosed红鼻子的riverside河边roadside路

边

sad-eyed眼神忧伤的sad-faced脸色悲伤的sad-hearted心情忧虑的sawmill锯木场

school-ager学龄儿童schoolbag书包schoolbook教材

schoolboy男生狊schoolbus校车

schoolday学生时代schoolgirl女生schoolhouse校舍schoolmaster校长

schoolmate 同学schoolroom教室schoolteacher教师schoolteaching 教学

school-run校办的schoolyard校园seagull海鸥seaman海员seashore海岸

seawater海水second-hand二手的self-acting自动的self-born再生的

self-care利己self-coloured本色的self-defence自卫self-drive自己驾驶的

self-examination反省self-forgetful忘我无私的self-help自助

(herself himself itself myself yourself ourselves themselves

yourselves)

sewing-mathine缝纫机shepherd牧人

shewolf母狼shopwindow厨窗shortcoming缺点

silkworm蚕子side-walk人行道slave-driver驱使奴隶的人slaveholder奴隶主

slaveowner奴隶主slaveship奴隶船slavestate蓄奴州

sleeping-bag睡袋

snow-covered被雪复盖的snowfield雪野snowfall降雪量

snowman雪人snowstorm暴风雪

smoking-table吸烟小几some+n.: somebody某人someday某天somehow ad.反正

someone某人something某天sometime某时someway ad.反正somewhat ad.颇为

somewhere某处space-age太空时代space-plane航天飞机space-man男宇航员

space-port卫星发射中心space-ship太空船space-station太空站spacesuit宇航服

space-travel太空航行space-walk太空行走space-woman女宇航员

sparehand 替班工人sparepart备用零件sparetime 业余时间

sports-fan运动迷sportsman运动员sports meet运动会sportswoman 女运动员

start-line 起跑线start-point起跑点state-owned国营的step-child继子

step-father继父step-mother继母store-keeper店主stronghold 城堡

storybook故事书storyteller说书人storywriter作家strong-boiled

体魄强壮的

strong-box保险箱strong-hearted勇敢的strong-minded意志坚强的

strong-room保险库

strong-willed意志坚定的suitcase衣箱sun-bath(er)日光浴(者) sunday星期天

sundown日落sunflower向日葵sunglasses太阳镜sungod太阳神sunlight日光

sunlit阳光普照的sunrise日出sunset日落sunshine日光sun-up 日出

swimming-pool游泳池sword-thrust剑刺

table-cloth台布table-money就餐费table-salt食盐table-talk餐间闲话

table-tennis桌球tap-talking敲打谈话taxi-driver出租司机teacup 茶杯

tea-dance有茶点的舞tea-green茶绿色tea-house茶馆tealeaf 茶叶

tea-party茶会tea-table茶几teathing 茶具tea-time饮茶时

tea-tree茶树teammate队友ten-speed十速的test-paper试卷

test-tube试管textbook课本themselves pron.他们自己therefore

ad.因此

thin-cheeked面颊清瘦的tight-fitting紧身的throughout prop

tiptop尖端today今天tomorrow 明天tonight今晚toothache牙痛

toothbrush牙刷topsoil表土tree-dotted树木点缀的tree-top树尖

trolley-bus电车troublesome麻烦的trouble-maker惹麻烦的人

two-storyed两层的

volley-ball排球visionphone电视电话

U-shaped U形的underground 地下的understand理解(参看under-)

upset v.颠倒upside 上边

waistcoat 背心waiting-room等候室wall-lamp 墙灯wall-newspaper 墙报

war-clouds 战云war-cry 战斗口号war-dance 战舞war-head弹头

warhorse 战马warlike 好战的warlord 军阀warship战船

wartime 战时warm-blooded 温血的warm-hearted和善的wash-room盥洗间

watchtower了望塔water-colour水彩的water-course 水道

water-covered被水覆盖的

water-skiing划水water-way水道weak-eyed眼神疲乏的weekend 周末

well-armed装备精的well-chosen精选的well-cut精心剪裁的well-done 精心制作的

well-dressed精心装扮的well-known知道得清楚的well-managed安排周到的

well-marked 作好记号的whatever pron 不管什麽whenever conj.无论何时

White-Hall 白厅white-haired白发的;得宠的White-House白宫white-wash石灰浆

snow-white雪白的college-wide院际的school-wide 校际的world-wide全世界的

wide-screen 宽银幕wide-spread广泛传播的wild-animal野生动物wild-cat 野猫

wild-eyed狂暴的wild-flower野花wild-goose野鹅wild-life野生动物

wild-man 野人wild-wood原始森林window-seat 窗座withdraw v.撤退

within prep.在...内without prep.无;没woodcutter 樵父workbag 工具包

workbox工具盒working-class 工人阶级workday工作日work-house 济贫院

workman 工人workmate 工友workroom 工作室work-shop 车间worktime 工时

world-famous 世界闻名的

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常见词汇词性转换

常见词形变化动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreement appoint----appointment disappoint----disappointment disagree --- disagreement amuse----amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献develop---development equip ---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理 2．V+ tion/sion 结尾 admit—admission承认attract—attraction 有吸引力的事或人； conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛consider---consideration discuss—discussion 讨论 decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘direct---direction determine---determination educate-----education explain----explanation express ----expression graduate—graduation hesitate---hesitation invite—invitation imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate --illustration inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的 impress—impression operate—operation organize----organization permit---permission pollute----pollution predict---prediction prepare---preparation pronounce ---pronunciation resolve -----resolution 决心 suggest --suggestion solve -----solution satisfy----satisfaction 3．V+ ance /ence结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌，出现disappear---disappearance 消失perform----performance --performer exist—existence 存在 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语 5．V+ 其他 able---ability---disable assist----assisitant analyze---analysis arrive-- arrival到达 beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐believe—belief 信仰 behave ----behavior die---dead----death employ--employer雇主--employee雇员 know---knowledge

(完整)高中英语词性转换常见词汇

词性转换总结与归纳动词变名词 announce—announcement通知 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材(不可名) settle—settlement定居，安定 achieve---achievement 成就 amuse--amusement 娱乐 manage---management 经营管理 advertise--- advertisement广告 agree— agreement同意disgree—disagreement不同意 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献 develop---development发展 govern 统治—government 政府 describe—description描写，描绘erupt—eruption爆发 affect—affection影响 satisfy—satisfaction满意，满足select—selection挑选，选择

permit—permission允许admit—admission承认，允许invite—invitation 邀请，请帖devote—devotion献身，专注apply—application申请，申请书produce—production生产，产品protect—protection保护 educate-----education教育consider—consideration考虑attract—attraction 吸引力，吸引instruct—instruction 指导，介绍discuss—discussion 讨论appreciate—appreciation感激，欣赏recognize—recognition认出conclude—conclusion 结论 decide----decision 决定compete—competition比赛 express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式graduate 毕业—graduation operate—operation操作，动手术organize----organization 组织imagine—imagination 想象力

高考常考词形变化总汇

1 高考考纲词汇词形变化背诵总结 Group1 1.action n.行动 act vt. 做事，表演,演出 active adj.积极的，主动的 actor n.演员 activity n.活动 2.African adj.非洲的,非洲人 Africa n.非洲 3.apologize v.道歉 apology n.歉意 4.angry adj.生气的，愤怒的 anger n.生气，愤怒 5.agreement n.同意 agree v.同意 6.anxiously ad v.焦急 anxious adj.焦急的，忧虑的 anxiety n.急于，不安，忧虑 7.attend vt.出席,关心，照料 attention n.出席,关心,注意 attentive adj.专心的 attentively ad v.专心地 8.achieve vt.实现，取得，达到 achievement n.成功，胜利，目标 9.absence n.缺席，不在 absent adj.缺席的 10.arrival n.到达，来到 arrive v.到达，来到 11.basic adj.基础的，根本的 base v.以...为基础 base n.基础，根本，基地 12.bath n.洗浴,洗澡 bathe v.洗澡,游泳 13.beautifully ad v.美丽地，漂亮地 beautiful adj.美丽的，漂亮的 beauty n.美丽，漂亮 14.breath n.呼吸 breathe v.呼吸 15.believable adj.可信的 believe v.相信 belief n.信仰 Group2 1.chemist n.化学家 chemical adj.化学的 chemistry n.化学 2.correct vt./ adj.改正,/正确的 correction n.正确，改正 correctly ad v.正确的 3.conclude vt.推断,总结 conclusion n.结论，总结 conclusive adj.决定性的 4.connect v.联系，连接 connection n.联系，连接 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5f4548370.html,fort vt.安慰 comfortable adj.舒适，舒服 comfortably ad v.舒适地，舒服地 6.choose vt.选择 choice n.选择 7.celebrate vt.庆祝 celebration n.庆祝 8.centre n.中心，中央 central adj.中心的，中央的 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5f4548370.html,plete vt.完成 complete adj.完全的，完整的 completely ad v.完全，完整 10.cross v.横过，跨越 crossing n.路口 across ad v.横过，跨越 11.certain adj.肯定,当然，有把握 certainly ad v.肯定,有把握 certainty n.肯定，当然,有把握 12.die v.死 death n.死亡 dead adj.死的 dying adj.將死的 deadly adj.死一样的,致命的 13.distant adj.遥远的 distance n.距离，遥远 14.dirt n.脏,灰塵

义素分析法分析“看的方式”语义场

义素分析法分析“看的方式”语义场摘要：“看的方式”的语义场可以归为同义语义场。通过义素分析的方法，并写出每个词的基本义的义素表达式，来分析该语义场内的词之间的异同。词不仅有理性意义还有感性意义，通过感性意义能更好的区别和运用同义词。关键字：义素分析法，同义词辨析，看的方式一、义素分析法在同义词辨析中的运用同义词辨析一直以来都是语言研究的重要方面，不仅是在语言研究，还是在语言运用中，甚至在语言的教学中都具有特殊的意义。义素分析法是准确描写和掌握词义的有效方法。词义并不是一个整体，而是有若干层次的结构，义素是构成词义的最小意义单位。将义素分析法引入对外汉语词汇教学，可以对词义的微观层面进行准确有效的分析，把词义分割成若干个义素的组合，不仅有利于准确掌握同义词之间的大同小异，还能提高人们对语言的运用能力，有利于第二语言学习者在语言学习中理解两个及两个以上抽象的同义词，加深对汉语词汇的理解和运用。本文主要通过义素分析法来分析比较“看的方式”的语义场，来说明义素分析法在同义词比较中的运用。运用义素分析法的表达式来研究“看的意义相同或相近的词”。本文研究的看的方式词有：看、望、顾、瞪、瞥、瞅、盯、窥、伺、瞟、瞰。二、“看的方式”的语义场义素分析的方法和步骤 1.确立语义场语义场是通过不同词之间的对比，根据它们词义的共同特点或关系划分出来的类。同义语义场相当于一些论著中讲的一组广义的同义词（即不包括等义词），它所包括的各个义位间大同小异。所谓的同，表现为基本义相同或者是基本义有一部分相同。所谓的异，就是附加义不同，或者是基本义有一部分不同，又或是不只是基本义有一部分不同附加义也不一样。“看的方式”语义场内的词是眼部动作描写都有“用眼睛看”这一基本义项，因此，这些看的方式词都可以看作是“看” 这个词的同义词。那么“看的方式”就构成了一个眼部动作的同义语义场。根据义素分析法的分析并通过表达式的比较，可以准确的辨析出同义语义场内各个词之间的细微区别，有利于第二语言的学习。 2.通过义素的具体对比分析“看的方式：看、望、顾、瞪、瞥、瞅、盯、窥、伺、瞟、瞰”的异同。这些字从现代汉语词典第七版中查到“看的方式”词的意义如下所示： (1)看： [动] 使视线接触人或物：~书|~电影|~了他一眼。 [动] 观察并加以判断：我~他是个可靠的人l你~这个办法好不好。 [动] 取决于；决定于：这件事能不能成功全~你了|飞机能否准时起飞，要~天气如何。 [动] 访问；探望：~望|~朋友。 [动] 对待：~待|另眼相~|别拿我当外人~。 [动] 诊治：王大夫把我的病~好了。照料：照~l衣帽自~。 [动] 用在表示动作或变化的词或词组前面，表示预见到某种变化趋势，或者提醒对方注意可能发生或将要发生的某种不好的事情或情况：行情~涨|别跑！~摔着！|~饭快凉了，快吃吧。 [助] 用在动词或动词结构后面，表示试一试（前面的动词常用重叠式）：想想~I找找~|等一等~l评评理~先做几天~。 (2)望： [动] 向远处看：登山远~|一~无际的稻田。观看；察看：~风！观~|~ 闻问切。探望：拜~|看~。盼望；希望①：~子成龙l~准时到会。盼头；希望②：

词形转换(1)

必修1-5词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)答案1．Though Tim and Mike come from _________(entire) different backgrounds, they are close friends. 2．_____________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 3．____________(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. 4．Environmental pollution _________________(recognize) to have become one of the most serious problems that people face. 5．The number of the people, who walk the dog outdoors, ____________(rise) sharply in the past few years. 6． When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used ________(actual) says more about the student. 7．After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students ______________(request) to make comments and express their views about the film. 8．It is not difficult for me, because I master its ___________(base) use. 9．And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my view as well as improve my __________(speak) English. 10．One of the _____________(advantage) of online shopping is that our information is known to other people. 11．____________(final) you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 12． I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his _____________(graduate) from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before. 13．The activities,_____________(organize) by the Students’ Union, have benefited a lot of students. 14．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______________(persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 15．Ever since I graduated from Peking University, I ______________________(work) in this big company for five years. 16．He shared with us a___________(detail) description of his experiences at the Olympic Games. 17． Their _________________(express)suggested they had affection for Chinese tea culture. 18．My father is___________(extreme) proud that I followed in his footsteps and became a doctor. 19．We offered our sincere_________________(congratulate) to her when she finally graduated from college. 20．A large number of soldiers were sent there_________________(rescue) those trapped in the buildings. 21．When__________(trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue. 22． Studies found that people who_________(wake) up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. 23． For many students，Wilson’s help is not only appreciated，it’s also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college _______________(educate)． 24． Our school ____________________(witness) great changes in the last few years. 25． Maggie thought it was ___________(fair) that women were not allowed to receive education. 26．So far, a committee_____________________(set) up to organize social events in the college. 27．Under the _____________(guide) of the teacher, students can engage themselves in extensive reading and research. 28．Tsinghua University, ______________(found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China. 1． Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your _____________(culture) awareness.

词性转换常见规律归纳

动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise---advertisement advertising agree— agreement argue---argument争吵announce --- announcement 通知amuse--- amusement 娱乐commit奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement equip装备---equipment装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理settle--- settlement 定居 2．V+ tion 结尾以t, te, de, 结尾的动词常去E 或直接加ion admit 承认—admission attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方 conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition竞争，比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明，举例说明--illustration invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3．V+ ance 结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌，出现perform----performance 演出exist—existance 存在 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语 5．V+ 其他 beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐 sit--seat 座位

常见词汇词性转换

动词变名词 1. v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree—agreement appoint ----------- appointment disappoint --- disappointment disagree --- disagreement 2．V+ tion/sion 结尾admit —admission 承认attract —attraction 有吸引力的事或人；conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛consider---consideration discuss—discussion 讨论decide--- decision describe—description 描写，描绘direct---direction determine---determination educate education explain --- explanation express --- expression graduate —graduation hesitate---hesitation invite —invitation imagine —imagination 想象力introduce —introduction 介绍instruct —instruction 指导，介绍3．V+ ance /ence 结尾allow —allowance 允许appear —appearance 外貌，出现disappear---disappearance 消失4．V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束e nding 结尾，结局train 训练---training 5．V+ 其他able---ability---disable assist assisitant analyze---analysis arrive-- arrival 到达beg（乞讨）—beggar 乞丐 amuse --- a musement 娱乐 argue---argument 争吵commit —commitment 奉献develop---development equip ---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治一government 政府manage---management 经营管理 invent—inventor / invention illustrate --illustration inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的impress—impression operate—operation organize --- o rganization permit---permission pollute --- pollution predict---prediction prepare---preparation pronounce ---pronunciation resolve resolution 决心suggest --suggestion solve ---- solution satisfy --- satisfaction perform ---- p erformance --performer exist—existence 存在 mean --- meaning 意义 say ---- saying 谚语 believe—belief 信仰 behave ---- b ehavior die---dead --- death employ--employer 雇主--employee 雇员常见词形变化

初中英语常见词形变化表

初中英语常见词形变化表初中常见词形变化表 able—unable Egypt--- Egyptian achieve----achievement engine—engineer act—actor—actress—active enter---entrance adjust---- adjustable Europe--- European advantage—disadvantage excite—excited—exciting agree—disagree fail---failure alone—lonely fair—unfair America—American familiar—unfamiliar annoy—annoyed—annoying final—finally Asia—Asian fly—flight athlete—athletic follow—following Australia—Australian foreign—foreigner balance—balanced forget—forgetful beauty---beautiful fortunate---fortunately France—French Brazil---Brazilian friend—friendship bright—brightly build---building frustrate—frustrating—frustrated Canada—Canadian fur—furry casual—casually Germany—German center---central golf—golfer change—exchange--chance Greece--- Greek chemistry—chemist gym--- gymnast china—Chinese head—headache choose—choice health—healthy—unhealthy clear---clearly honest—dishonest collect—collection—collector ill—illness communicate—communication important—importance confident---confidence —unimportant courage—encourage include—including create---creative India—Indian

常见词性转换的方法

动词变名词 + ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement词+ ed balance –balanced 平衡的 spot 斑点，地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的organized 有组织的 distusted 厌恶的offended 生气的crowded 拥挤的polluted 被污染的pleased 高兴的 3．名词+ ful/less meaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的；粗心的 help---helpful / helpless home—homeless 无家可归的 colour---colourful pain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的 use---useless/ useful thank—thankful 充满感激的 peace 和平---- peaceful 平静的，宁静的 playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的 4．名词+ able adjustable 可调整的comfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的 5.名词+ ous courage—courageous 勇敢的danger—dangerous mystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的变t confidence----confident difference---different dependence—dependent independence--independent 7. al 结尾 Addition—additional 附加的，额外的Class—classical 经典的 medicine 药----medical 医学的music---musical nature---natural 自然的 person---personal (私人的)nation—national 国家的 education---educational有教育意义的tradition----traditional 传统的 origin起源---original 新颖的；独创的grammar—grammatical 语法的globe—global 全球的 8．名词+ ly friend—friendly live---lively 活跃的，有生气的love—lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的 10. 其他 energy精力---energetic strategy—strategic 战略的 fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的，免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的 death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular

简述义素分析法

龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/5f4548370.html, 简述义素分析法作者：谷亚男何钰卿高美姣来源：《丝绸之路》2013年第12期 [摘要]义素分析法是语言学中的一种研究方法。本文从义素的角度对杨伯峻《论语译注》中的“君子”一词进行详尽分析，以此来说明义素分析方法。 [关键词]义素；义素分析法；《论语译注》 [中图分类号]I045 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1005-3115（2013）12-0041-02 义素是构成词义的最小意义单位，也就是词义的区别特征，所以又叫词的语义成分或语义特征。认识一个事物往往从它的形态、特点、构成、功用、性质等多方面来考虑，我们用一些词来反映事物的基本特征和属性，而这些词就构成了该事物的基本要素。“在这些要素的基础上就能概括出指称这一事物的词的词义。这样的要素就称为义素。”通过运用众多聚合的义素来研究某个问题的方法，就是义素分析法。现代语言学的总体目标是对语言学进行科学分析，义素分析法可以说是索绪尔结构语言学思想在语义研究中的具体运用，是人们对语义进行科学分析的一种有益尝试，所作分析具有很强的操作性。作为一种分析方法，结构语义学模式较之传统的义项分析和词义描写表述更科学、描写更细致，它能清楚简明地说明词义的结构、词义之间的异同以及词义之间的各种联系，有助于人们学习和掌握，也有利于词义研究和描写。总之，运用义素分析法，在词汇学领域中有助于对词汇进行更加科学的释义，还有益于同义词、反义词辨析。在语法学领域，我们可以从词语的基本义素角度更加科学地阐释歧义句的原理；还有人从文学的角度，运用义素分析方法去分析文学作品中的人物形象、思想感情等方面。所以，义素分析法的研究范围很广泛。《论语》是儒家经典著作之一。笔者仅以《论语译注》（杨伯峻）中的“君子”一词为例，具体阐释义素分析法的具体运用。《论语译注》中的“君子”共出现了107次，而每次出现在不同的语境中，其含义也不同。义素分析法不仅仅是根据词的词汇意义总结概括出来的，还得把词放在具体的语境中去理解，依据不同的语境可以总结出不同的义素。例如在《论语译注》（杨伯峻）中的“君子”：所以，在不同的语境中，“君子”的义素是不同的。

Conversion 词性的转换

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初中英语常见词形变化一览表

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V-N 1.v + ment achieve-achievement advertise-advertisement agree-agreement/advertising amuse-amusement argue-argument commit-commitment compliment- compliment develop-development disgree-disagreement depart-department experiment- experiment equip-equipment govern-government manage-management

2．V + tion admit-admission attract-attraction conclude-conclusion compete-competition discuss-discussion educate-education decide-decision describe-description express-expression graduate-graduation operate-operation organize-organization imagine-imagination introduce-introduction instruct-instruction invent-inventor / invention illustrate-illustration invite-invitation inspire-inspiration pollute-pollution predict-prediction pronounce-pronunciation resolve-resolution impress-impression permit-permission suggest-suggestion solve-solution