初中英语句子成分分析
初中英语句子成分讲解(共16张PPT)
Who is at home? （ 谁在家。代词作主语）
Two will be enough. （两个就够了。数词作主语）
Skating is good exercise. （溜冰是很好的运动。动名词作主语）
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. （把理想转变成 现实需要辛勤的劳动。不定式作主语）
主动语态：They caught the boy stealing. （stealing作为宾补）
主动转化被动
被动语态：The boy was caught stealing. （stealing转化为主补）
by 李少清
宾语补足语 objective complement
对宾语状态、特性、动作进行补充说明 宾语补足语：对宾语加以解释或描述。
适用句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（ S+V+O+OC ）
I see you crossing the street.（ 我看见你过马路。动 名词作宾补）
by 李少清
*复合名词 compound nouns
复合名词的构成方式有：
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
名词+名词
English Grammar
主语/谓语/宾语/定语/状语/补语
语法概述
主语 subject
执行句子的行为或动作的主体
概念：
句子中所要表达的人或物，句子叙述的主体。
可作主语的词有：
名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动 名词等
by 李少清
主语 subject 举例
Luka arrived last night. （ 卢卡昨晚到达。名词作主语）
初中英语句子成分分析
3. Two will be enough.( 数词 )
4. Seeing is believing. （ 动名词）
6. To see is to believe. （不定式 ）
7. What he needs is a book. （ 从句
）
8. It is very clear that the elephant is tall like a tree. （It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语 ）
the river is my brother. ( 现在分词
)
找出定语
The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
• 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语、介词之 后．
宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在 _及__物__动__词__或__介__词___后面.
1.We study English.
2.Our teacher said that he would go there.
形式主语
不定式、从句等作主语 时，为避头重脚轻，常 用it作形式主语置句首。
It is important to learn English well .
It is clear that the sun is bigger than the earth.
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. (
5.Lucy’s father is a poor worker.( 名词所有格) 6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.( 名词 ) 7.The man under the tree is my teacher.( 介词短语 ) 8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in
初中英语语法教学课件--英语句子成分分析 共27张ppt
基本句型五
S
V（及物） O (宾语) C（宾补）
We must keep the door open.
The makes me news
We call
him
happy. Jim.
He told
I
saw
me a thief
to wash the plates.
going into your room.
常见的系动词有be 动词,有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词(除了sound你还能举例吗?)
常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起 来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持， 仍是）, feel（感觉）
2. We didn’t meet anybody n_e_w_ at the meeting.
3. The boy, t_ir_e_d_,_h_u_n_g_r_y__a_n_d_t_h_irsty, _fe_l_l _d_own on the beach.
4. He is a man s_u_it_a_b_l_e_f_o_r_t_h_e_j_ob.
你能归纳出定语的位置吗?
定语说明名词特点,性质; 状语则说明 动词何如何.
1. We _o_ft_e_n help him. 2. I r_e_a_ll_y don’t like the food. 3. He did his homework c_a_re_f_u_l_ly a_t_h_o_m__e. 4.Her mother goes o__u_t _to__d_o__s_o_m_e___
初中英语句子成分分析含练习含答案
一. 主语 (1)二. 谓语 (2)三. 表语 (3)四. 宾语 (4)五. 补语 (7)六. 定语 (8)七. 同位语 (9)八. 状语 (10)句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。
一.主语：主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体、对象。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有一个单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1.名词作主语。
A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。
)Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。
)2.代词用作主语。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑)Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. 假期里大家都过得很愉快。
3.数词用作主语。
如：Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4.名词化的形容词用作主语。
The old and the young are taken good care of in that village.5.副词用作主语(极少见)。
Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
6.名词化的介词作主语。
The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7.不定式用作主语。
To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.要打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。
初中英语句子成分分析法
初中英语句子成分分析法英语句子是英语对话和文章的基础。
下面是店铺带来的初中英语句子成分分析，欢迎阅读!初中英语句子成分分析精选句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的，可以表达完整的概念。
句子开头第一个字母一定要大写，结尾要注明标点符号。
一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。
主语要放在句首。
To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。
(不定式作主语) What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。
(从句作主语)2 谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。
谓语通常有三个表现形式：(1)动词或动词短语作谓语He studies hard. 他学习很努力。
The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。
(2)谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语They are picking apples. 他们正在摘苹果。
He made us laugh heavily.他使我们大笑不止。
(3)连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。
It is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。
He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。
句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。
短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。
间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for 连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。
初中英文句子成分划分
初中英文句子成分划分英语句子是英语学习的基础,通过句子,强化语音语调,通过句子,巩固词汇的运用,通过句子,巩固语法知识,通过句子,达到交际和运用的目的。
下面是店铺带来的初中英文句子成分划分，欢迎阅读!初中英文句子成分划分精选一、句子成分精讲句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语的位置：The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike.Eight is a lucky number.The blind need more help. 代词做主语数词做主语名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.To be a doctor is my dream.2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。
分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词动名词做主语不定式短语做主语1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如get, grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。
第十五章句子的成分(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第十五章句子的成分思维导图知识梳理一、句子成分概说句子的各个组成部分,叫做句子成分.英语的句子成分有:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等.此外有些句子还带有呼唤语、感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子的其他成分不发生关系,叫做独立成分.句子的成分一般由实词担任.实词有名词、代词、形容词、数词、动词和副词.虚词在句子中只起辅助和联系作用,不能做句子成分.虚词有冠词、介词、连词、助动词等.二、句子成分(一)主语主语是一句话的主题,是说话人要说明的对象,表示所谈的是“谁”或是“什么”.主语一般在谓语之前.英语里可担任主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、－ing分词(短语)、从句等.Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都.(名词作主语)They have lived in Beijing since 2019.自2019年以来,他们就住在北京.(代词作主语)Ten is a very important number.10是一个重要数字.(数词作主语)The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. 富者愈富,贫者愈贫.(名词化的形容词作主语) To read in the sun is bad for your eyes.太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好.(不定式“短语”作主语)Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害.(-ing分词作主语)Whenever you are ready will be fine.你不论什么时候准备好都行.(从句作主语)(二)谓语1.概说谓语是说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”.谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词.动词常分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.实义动词包括及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面要带宾语.通常情况下,谓语位于主语之后.谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分.(1)简单谓语.简单谓语由一个动词或短语动词构成.它有时态、语态、语气等.She likes drawing.她喜欢画画.I had finished my homework before 9 o'clock.在9点前我已完成我的家庭作业.(2)复合谓语.①由“连系动词＋表语”构成复合谓语.The game is very boring.这场比赛真没劲.②由“情态动词＋动词原形”构成复合谓语.She can swim very fast.她游泳游得很快.2.谓语和主语的一致一个句子的谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,规则如下:(1)主语是单数必须跟单数形式的动词,主语是复数必须跟复数形式的动词.He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友.(2)两个或两个以上的单数名词由and连接起来作并列主语时,谓语动词用复数.You,he and I arr all students.我、你和他都是学生.He and I like green tea.我和他都喜欢绿茶.点拨(1)用and连接的两个名词如果表示一个整体,谓语动词仍用单数形式.Bacon and eggs was served.火腿和蛋端了上来.Fork and knife was used instead of chopsticks.用刀叉而不是用筷子.(2)有every或each修饰的单数名词并列时,谓语动词用单数形式.第二个every或each可省略.Every hour and(every)minute is important.每一小时,每一分钟都很重要.Each man and(each)woman has a seat.每位男士和女士都就座了.(3)主语是单数,后面有其他干扰的成分如with,together with,along with,aswell as,no less than,like,but,except等短语时,仍和单数形式的谓语动词连用.The teacher,as well as the pupils,is doing morning exercises.老师和学生在做早操.A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital.一个妇女抱着一个婴儿正向医院走来.(4)当两个主语由or,either...or,neither...nor或not only...but also等连接时,谓语动词应和最邻近的主语一致.His parents or his sister often helps him.要么是他父母要么是他姐姐(妹妹)常帮助他.Either Tim or hs brothers have to tidy the room.不是蒂姆,就得是他的兄弟们去打扫房间.Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer.老师和学生都不知道答案.Not only the pupils but also the teacher is going to the cinema.不但学生们,而且连老师也要去看电影.(5)有些集体名词,如:people,police,youth,cattle等用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.The police are looking for the missing child.警察在寻找失踪的儿童.People standing there are talking about the bad news.站在那边的人正在议论那个坏消息.Catle arr also kept.还养牛.点拨但people作“民族”解时,作单数用.The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族.(6)有些名词以“s”结尾,但却是单数.如:news,physics,maths,politics等.所以谓语动词应用单数形式.What's the news?这消息是什么?Physics is not very easy to learn.物理不很容易学.Maths is not easy to learn.数学不容易学.(7)在由here和there引起的句子中,如有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语动词通常和最邻近be的那个名词一致.Here are some envelopes and paper for you.这儿有几个信封和纸给你.There is a pen and three books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔,三本书.(8)集体名词作主语时,如作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如作为个体看待,则用复数.这类集体名词有audience(观众,听众),class(班级),committee(委员会),couple(夫妇),family(家庭),government(政府),group(小组),team(队),army(部队)等.My family is a small one.我的家庭是个小家庭.My family are listening to the radio.我家里人正在听广播.(9)each和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,在意义上属于单数.它们作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.Each day is better than the one before.一天比一天好.Every student must be here on time.每个学生必须按时到这里来.(10)Chinese,French,English,Japanese等名词作主语表示语言时,用单数动词;表示人时,用复数动词.English is spoken in many countries.许许多国家讲英语.The Chinese are very friendly.中国人很友好.(11)表示时间、重量、价值、长度、距离等的复数名词作主语时,把它视作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式.Fifty years is not a short period.50年并不是一个短时期.Twenty miles is a long way to walk.走二十英里路可是很长的一段路程.(12)a number of与the number of作主语.“a number of+复数可数名词”表示“一些”“许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数;“t he number of+复数可数名词”表示“······的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数.A number of books are missing from the library.图书馆丢了许多书.The number of workers in this factory is increasing.这家工厂的工人数目正在增加.(三)表语是指跟在连系动词be,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell,become等词后面的词语或从句,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态.由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、-ing分词、过去分词(短语)、从句等充当.You are a student.I am a student,too.你是学生,我也是学生.(名词作表语)-Who is it?是谁呀?-It's me/I.是我.(代词作表语)当人称代词作表语时,在口语中常用宾格,在正式文体中用主格.The girl is quite pretty.这个姑娘长得相当漂亮.(形容词作表语)Five plus seven is twelve.5加7是12.(数词作表语)The meeting is over.会议结束了.(副词作表语)My books are on the desk.我的书在书桌上.(介词短语作表语)My wish is to be an artist.我的愿望是成为一名艺术家.(动词不定式短语作表语)What he likes is reading novels.他的喜好是读小说.(-ing分词短语作表语)Are you excited about your new job?你对你的新工作感到高兴吗?(过去分词作表语)The question is what we should do first.问题是我们先干什么.(从句作表语)(四)宾语1.直接宾语宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者,用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后.可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、名词化的形容词、-ing分词(短语)、从句等.(1)名词作宾语.She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴.Please open the door.请把门打开.(2)代词作宾语.She often helps us with our study.她常常帮助我们学习.We should keep these in mind.我们应该记住这些.(3)数词作宾语.I can give two.我可以给两个.I like the first.我喜欢第一个.(4)不定式(短语)作宾语.He tried to catch up with his dassmates.他设法赶上他的同学.I hate to sing.我不喜欢唱歌.(5)名词化的形容词作宾语.We should respect the old.我们应尊敬老人.The scientists may find out the unknown.科学家们可以发现未知的事物.(6)-ing分词(短语)作宾语.Return the book to the library as soon as you finish reading it.你一看完这本书就还回图书馆.He enjoys wvatching TV plays.他喜欢看电视剧.(7)从句作宾语.She said that she was busy.她说她很忙.The mother asked how her daughter was.母亲问她的女儿身体如何.2.间接宾语在英语中,有些及物动词,如bring,give,send,show,tell,teach,lend,pass等,可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫做间接宾语,指物的叫做直接宾语,间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Can you give me any information on this matter?你能给我提供这些事的任何信息吗?Write me a letter every month,please.请每月给我写封信.Please make her a model plane.请给她做个飞机模型.有时,也可以在间接宾语之前加介词to或for,构成介词短语,并把这个短语放在直接宾语之后.Mother bought the handkerchieffor you, not for me.母亲是给你,而不是给我买的手帕.I took it to the policeman on duty.我把它交给了值勤的警察.(五)定语定语是修饰名词或代词的.定语有前置定语和后置定语之分.一般来说,形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格等作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前作前置定语;而副词、介词短语、不定式短语、-ing分词短语、-ed分词短语、从句作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之后作后置定语.He said he had an important meeting to attend.他说他有一个重要会议要出席.(形容词作前置定语)This is my friend,Li Da.这是我的朋友,李达.(代词作前置定语)When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.我坐下后第4个人又起来发言.(数词作前置定语)We should follow the doctor's advice.我们应该听医生的嘱咐.(名词所有格作前置定语)Who is the man over there?那边的男人是谁?(副词作后置定语)A college in London had agreed to take me.最后伦敦的一所院校同意接受我.(介词短语作后置定语)Can you give me some work to do?你能给我些活儿干吗?(不定式短语作后置定语)Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?(-ing分词短语作后置定语)There is a little difference between written English and spoken English.书面英语和口头英语有些不同.(过去分词词组作后置定语)I hate to see letters written in pencil.我讨厌看用铅笔写的信.(-ed分词短语作后置定语)The car that's parked outside is mine.停在外面的汽车是我的.(限制性从句作后置定语)Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one.我在外面看见你的汽车了,它被另一辆车撞了.(非限制性从句作后置定语)(六)状语1.状语的表现形式状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分.可用作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、-ing分词、从句等.This is even better than that.这个比那个更好.(副词作状语)The coat costs 40 dollars.这件上衣值40美元.(名词作状语)She will arrive on Monday.她将于星期一到达.(介词短语作状语)To kill bugs,spray the area regularly.为了杀死臭虫,这地方要经常喷洒.(不定式作状语)They entered the room,talking and laughing.他们又说又笑地走进房间.(-ing分词作状语)She has lived alone since her husband died.自丈夫去世后她一直独自生活.(从句作状语)2.状语的分类状语按照内容可以分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、程度状语、频度状语、伴随状语.What were you doing at ten last night?昨晚十点钟你在干什么?(时间状语)I met Professor Wu at the library.我在图书馆遇见了吴教授.(地点状语)Having no money,he could not buy the TV set.因为没有钱,他不能买电视机.(原因状语)In order to get into a good school, he studies hard day and night.为了考入一个好的学校,他夜以继日地苦读.(目的状语)The wind blew with such force that people could harly stand up against it.风很大,人们几乎站不住.(结果状语)I can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助,我做不成这件事.(条件状语)Whatever/No matter what I said,he refused to go.不论我说什么他都不愿走.(让步状语)He knew the country around as he knewv his own house.他了解那儿的乡村一如他了解自己的房舍.(方式状语)They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早餐,谈论着旅行计划.(伴随状语)We are very busy.我们很忙.(程度状语)作频度状语的副词always,often,usually,seldom,ever,never等一般放在实义动词之前,连系动词之后.They can hardly stay at home alone.他们几乎不单独在家.(频度状语)They are always late for school.他们总是上学迟到.(频度状语)(七)宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词,除了要有一个直接宾语外,还要带上宾语补足语,句子的意思才能完整.宾语和宾语补足语(简称宾补)一起构成复合宾语,二者之间有逻辑上的主谓关系.可以作宾补的有形容词、副词、名词、不定式(短语)、-ing分词(短语)、-ed分词(短语)、介词短语等.I made the room beautiful.我把房子拾掇得漂漂亮亮的.(形容词作宾语补足语)Keep the lights on while you are out.你不在家时,请让灯开着.(副词作宾语补足语)They named the child John.他们给孩子取名约翰.(名词作宾语补足语)What do you want me to do?你希望我为你做些什么事?(不定式短语作宾语补足语)I saw him coming last night.我昨天晚上看见他来了.(-ing分词“短语”作宾语补足语)I had my watch mended in town.我在城里修的表.(叫别人修的表)(-ed分词“短语”作宾语补足语)You should put your things in order.你应该把你的东西摆整齐.(介词短语作宾语补足语)三、独立成分(一)呼唤语称呼人的用语,称为呼语.它可位于句首,也可位于句末或句中.Hurry up,children! or we'll be late.赶快吧,孩子们！否则我们要迟到了.Shylock,how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?夏洛克,如果你不宽恕别人,你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?(二)感叹语感叹语表示喜怒哀乐等感情.它多位于句首,也可放在句中或句末.常用作感叹语的感叹词有:hello,oh,well,why,alas,ch等.Here!Don'tcry!好了！别哭了！Oh,what a beautiful garden this is!啊！这是多么美丽的花园！Well,well.Here's Jack.啊唷,杰克来了.Why,it is past noon.哎呀,已经过中午了.Ah!I have never heard of such things before!啊！我以前从未听说过这种事情！点拨(1)其他词类的词也可用作感叹词,表示突然的情绪.Fire! Fire! Water! Quick! The house is on fire.着火了！着火了！水！快！房子着火了！(2)yes和no在句子里也是一种独立成分.-Do yo know Tom?你认识汤姆吗?-Yes,I do是的,我认识.(三)插入语在叙事中途往往插入一些词语,对一句话作一些附加的解释.这类词语称为插入语.它可位于句首,句中或句尾.常用的插入语有:Ithink我想,I believe我相信,I suppose 我猜想,I must admit我必须承认,in my opinion 依我看,as far as I know 据我所知,as...is concerned 就······来说,to tell you the truth 说真的,to be frank 坦率地说,in other words 换句话说,after all毕竟,of course 当然,if you don't mind 如果你不介意的话,if I may say so 如果我可以这样说的话,等.By the way,do you know the young man's name?顺便问一下,你知道那个年轻人的名字吗?That's the cheapest suit we have,I'm afraid.恐怕那是我们最便宜的西服了.I say,let's go out for a drive next Sunday.我说,咱们下星期天开车出去兜兜风吧.To be frank, I don't think you are right.坦率地说,我认为你是错的.The cross-talk,I think,was both interesting and instructive.那个相声,我觉得既有趣又能教育人.Honestly,that is all the money I have.老实说,我所有的钱就是这些.好题精练一、从下列对话中划出独立成分1.Wife:First,we need money; second,we need another baby.Husband: Sad to say,I can't trust a woman any more.2.Tom:Fire!Be quick!Bob:Nonsense(胡说)！Tom,you are dreaming!Father:Silence! Mother is sleeping. Tom: No,mother is fighting the fire!Father: Oh, my poor Tom,what a dream you've got!答案:1.First;second; Sad to say2.Fire; Nonsense; Silence; No;Oh二、用动词的适当形式填空1.His family_________ (is,are) a happy one.2.The United States_________ (are,is) to the south of Canada.3.Fifty miles_________ (is,are)a long way to walk.4.Everyone_________ (think,thinks) they are right.5.Here_________ (is,are) the news.6.John andI_________ (work,works)together.7.There_________ (is,are) five pupils in the room.8.My class_________ (are,is)going to the park.9.French_________ (are,is) spoken in many countries.10.Neither James nor Tom_________ (was,were)at home.答案:1.is2.is3.is4.thinks5.is6.work7.are8.are9.is 10.was三、翻译下列句子1.我母亲是一位医生.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _2.天空变得越来越暗了.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _3.我们要使学校变得更美丽.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _4.我发觉那本书很有趣.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _5.别再弄出噪音了.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _6.你吃过午饭了吗?___________________________________________________________________________________________ _7.她给我买了一本词典.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _8.请递给我那张纸.___________________________________________________________________________________________ _答案:1.My mother is a doctor.2.The sky is becoming darker and darker.3.We'll make our school more beautiful.4.I find the book very interesting.5.Stop making a noise.6.Have you had lunch yet?7.She bought me a dictionary/ She bought a dictionary for me.8.Please pass me the paper.。
初中英语句子结构和句子成分解析
英语句子成分和句子结构一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法（一）、主语主语是全句谈论的中心话题。
我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。
这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。
主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。
所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。
另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。
1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语）2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语)3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语)4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语）5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语）6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway.(It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)请指出下列句中主语的中心词。
1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.2. There is a bird flying in the sky.3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help.（二）、谓语在明确了主语后，我们再来说谓语。
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初中英语句子成份英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。
不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。
因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
【问】什么是句子成分？英语句子包含哪些成分？【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
【问】各成分在句中的作用如何？分别由哪些词及短语充当？1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。
如：The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词)We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is finve.(数词)The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词)It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
.2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
如： 由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary.情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor.助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。
常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。
如：They are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)I feel terrible.(形容词)The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)He is here (副词)It’s getting dark. / He got very angry. / The hill has turned green. (形容词)4, 宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，是动作的对象或承受者。
一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。
如：He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now. (名词)They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.(代词)I want three./ Please pass me the first. (数词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。
这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。
如：He bought me a book.Pass me the ball，will you？(间宾＋直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。
如：Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾＋间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾＋间宾)②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。
这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。
如：I hope to see you again.③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。
这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。
如：Do you mind my opening the window？④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。
如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。
如：I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。
)The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。
注意：英语中带有宾语的谓语动词叫及物动词，不带宾语的叫不及物动词。
及物动词后必须跟上宾语意义才完整，不及物动词本身意义已完整，后面不跟宾语。
You may use my pen. / Do you like fish? ( 及物)Dick swims very well. / The sun rises in the east. (不及物)不及物动词可加介词再加宾语We are listening to the music.They are talking to each other.既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词的词：We are growing tomatoes. / Tomatoes grow well in our garden.They left Shanghai yesterday. / They left yesterday.My mother teaches in this school. / She teaches English.We are studying. / We study English.We began our lesson at nine. / The lecture began at nine.5. 直接宾语与间接宾语。
有些及物动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物（直接宾语），另一个指人（间接宾语）。
我们称为双宾语。
动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）He lent me a book. / He bought me a pen. / I have taught myself English for ten years.动词+直接宾语（物）+（to,for）+间接宾语（人）He gave his son some advice. = He gave some advice to his son.Father bought me a computer. = Father bought a computer for me.6. 定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。
如：What a beautiful kite it is！/ They have a clever son.(形容词)She is a chemistry teacher. / It is a colour film.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)This song is better than that one. (代词)Do you know the young man over there? (副词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。
7. 状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。
单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。
如： Thank you very much.(副词表示程度)The old man is walking slowly. (副词表示方式)He usually gets up at six.(副词表示时间)We all wouk here. (副词表示地点)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语表示时间)He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。
如：He is old enough to go to school.8. 宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。
需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。
“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。
如： We elected him monitor. / (名词)I found it difficult to learn English well. / The sun keeps us warm./ We find the story veryinterestingh. (形容词)I found her in the room.(介词短语)Please let him in. / I saw him out with XiaoLi. (副词)The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. Keys: ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. bookKeys: ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.Keys: ①homework.②English.③attention④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥he was ill.⑦him monitor ⑧bridge museum⑨itschool.⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.Keys: ①tired.②worried③yellow.④i nterested⑤the first(五) 挑出下列句中的定语①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am aiting for the sound of the other shoe!Keys: ①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs ⑥of the other shoe! (六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?Keys: ①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy③difficult④Lily⑤get on the bus⑥playing football(七) 挑出下列句中的状语①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.Keys: ①on her face.②Every night ③when he was eleven.④too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm⑥becauseshe loves books.⑦if you’ve l ost it⑧to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?Keys: ①us, 间接宾语, a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语由一个从句在句子中作宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。