高中英语从句大全汇总!
01
有关概念
也可以比较“复杂”，而复合句也可以比较“简单”。如：
He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”，却是一个典型的复合句，其中的he stopped是主句，because he was tired 是从句，在复合句中用作状语，表示原因。
从句的分类
前面我们说到从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分，它可以用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。一般说来，一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作主语，我们就叫它为主语从句；从句在复合句用作宾语，我们就叫它为宾语从句；从句在复合句用作状语，我们就叫它为状语从句；等等。
如：
He answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他不知情。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
He was rather pleased when he won that prize. 他获奖后相当高兴。
She was not in the train that arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列车上。
第一句中的that he knew nothing about it为宾语从句，因为它在复合句中用作动词answered 的宾语；第二句中的that I have lost his address为表语从句，因为它在复合句中用在连系动词is后作表语；第三句中的when he won that prize为状语从句，因为它在复合句中用状语，表示时间，所以也叫时间状语从句；第四句中的that arrived just now为定语从句，因为它在复合句中用作定语，修饰名词the train。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where
B. that
C. on which
D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句：
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句：
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
语法小知识：主将从现的标志词
主将从现是一种出现在状语从句中的语法现象，多指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态，则从句要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
因为主将从现出现在状语从句中，在这里我们就以状语从句的几个类别为根据来列举主将从现的标志性词语。
时间状语从句
when, whenever, since, till, once, as soon as, while, as, before, after
如：I will be a math teacher when I grow up.
条件状语从句
if, unless, as(so)long as
如：If I have extra money, I will pay the bill for you.
原因状语从句
because, since, as, for, now that
如：The tutor will leave here now that you have no problems.
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, however
如：Though you have advantages in this match, I will not give up.
目的状语从句
in order that, so that, that
如：In order that Lily can get the prize, we will have a planin detail.
在条件状语从句中，如果主语是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
一个句子的中心意思体现在主句中，所以判断是否使用主将从现首先要做的是区分主从句。当找到主句，分析其时态为一般将来时或借助某些结构表达将来含义时，则从句使用一般现在时态。
1.用“连词＋分词”来替代从句
当主句和从句的主语一致，谓语的时态又是同时段发生，可以把从句的主语省去，变谓语动词为现在分词或过去分词。如果分词的逻辑或时间意义不明确，还可以保留连词。
Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats.
客人们一边吃蛋糕、喝饮料以及享用其它的食品，一边却在一起聊天。
While speaking out against Hitler’s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. 虽然美国人谴责希特勒的暴行，但是他们却一惯奉行孤立政策和中立态度。
Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped i n a mold.
注：如果从句的谓语是系动词be，在简化句型时应该把be动词改成being，但是由于being语义意义，所以可以省略，这样就造成了形容词作状语了。
These apples, when ripe, are picked.
这些苹果一旦熟了就要被摘下来。
She knows all the hazards of smoking while pregnant.
她知道怀孕时吸烟的一切危害性。
2. 用“介词＋分词”来替代从句
一般说来，用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。on后面常接“来、去”之类的词，at后面常接“听到、看到”之类的词。in后面接其他带动作的词，相对于从属连词“while”。
On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals had covered them.
当他把晶体揭开时，发现盘子上方雾蒙蒙，他吃了一惊。
In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.
我在跑下楼的时候，听见钟敲了十二下。
He jumped with joy at hearing the news.
他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。
3. 用“介词＋动作性名词”来替代从句
同上面一样，At基本上后接sound，sight“听到、看到”之类的词；on接“回来、到达”之类的词；用in，during表示“when, while”；用over表示“while”之意。当然，这一切都是相对的分类。
The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.
小女孩一看到蛇就昏过去了。
In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.
当我们急急忙忙从这儿到那儿的时候，一路上什么也没有看见。
On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.
当他到达火车站的时候，他发现火车已经开走了。
He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.
他本来想去，但进一步考虑后,打消了这个念头。
During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?
在我不在的时候，请帮我照看一下猫，好吗？
He fell asleep over a book.
他看书的时候睡着了。
After reelection he announces that he will not help.
经过一番考虑后，他宣布将不提供任何帮助。
After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.
毕业之后，他去了美国攻读博士。
4. 用“并列句”代替
Two other poses were tried and I emerged from the booth to find a lot people waiting fo r my signatures.
又试了两个其他的姿势后，我从拍照亭里出来，发现很多人在那里等待我的签名。
名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同，分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。上述这四种从句均被称为名词性从句。所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开，并且它们都用相同的关联词，关联词如下：
①主从连词：that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)（在句子中不充当任何成分）
②连接代词：who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个)
③连接副词：when (什么时候), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (为什么)
主从连词只起连接作用，连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外，还充当从句某一个成分。另外，可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句，来加强语气。
（一）主语从句（subject clause）
在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。
例如：
That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕地球转动，这是我们大家都熟知的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide. 会议什么时候召开还没有决定。主语从句放在句首，句子常常显得比较笨重，因此通常可以把it放在句首，作形式主语，而将主语从句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别改写为：
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.
It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.
It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.
（二）宾语从句（object clause）
在主句中作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。
在引导宾语从句时，从属连词that在口语中和非正式文本中常省略。
（1）动词后的宾语从句
We know that a parrot can’t really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。
He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。
Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the house.
知道要下雨了，于是他们决定在室内工作。(现在分词knowing的宾语从句)
I want to know whether/if you still work in the factory.
我想知道你是否还在工厂工作。（不定式to know的宾语从句）
The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
Up to now we can’t say whether his theory can stand the test.
到目前为止我们还不能说他的理论是否经得住考验。
（2）形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词可以用that引导宾语从句，表示说话人对某一事物的态度并带有感情色彩。常见的这类形容词有：
afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad, grateful, happy, proud, sad, sorry, sure, surprised等。
I am glad that you have come. 你来了，我真高兴。
I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.恐怕你在这点上是错误的。
He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.他很有信心通过这个考试。
（三）表语从句（predicative clause）
在主句中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。
One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。
The problem is where we can hold our meeting.问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。
My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.我的问题是信息是怎样储存在长期记忆中的。
That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的东西。
It seems that everything goes smoothly.似乎一切都进行得很顺利。
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。
常见的先行名词有：
fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。如：
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
?名词性从句的用法及定义?
1．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。
that引导主语从句，it作形式主语，that不能省略。
That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。
这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。
2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。
例
①It wasn’t very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。
②It is important that he should come on time. 他按时来是很重要的。
③It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的。这里，第一个that 引导主语从句，是单纯的连词，无词义，不作句子成分。第二个that 是指示代词，作句子成分，是man 的定语。
3．whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加or not, 而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if.如：
①Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系。
②Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether …. 她是否来还不清楚。
③It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation. 这是主语从句还是宾语从句？it 是形式主语吗？it 是代词，whether 引导的是宾语从句，作介词on 的宾语，不能用if引导。请翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作。
④I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用if 引导。请翻译这句话。
⑤She asked me whether/if you were married. 宾语从句，既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引导。注意时态的对应。请翻译这句话。
⑥We haven’t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.
⑦I’m not sure whether/if the report is believable.
⑧Now let’s do some translation:现在还很难预测谁会赢得下一届总统选举。
⑨It is still hard to predict who will win the next presidential election.对于多数公民来说，谁当选总统无关紧要。
⑩Who will become the president doesn’t matter much to most citizens.这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察。
形式主语中名词性从句作真正主语的情况
与汉语习惯不同，英语习惯将较重要的信息放在句子后半段，为避免头重脚轻，就产生了一个逻辑主语it，同时也就产生了一种新的的语法现象——形式主语。
It +动词+从句
seem,appear,happen,look,matter,make,strike,occur
It appeared that he had a happy childhood.
看来他有一段幸福的童年。
It made us very happy that she was saved.
她能化险为夷令我们大家很高兴。
It is +形容词+从句
true,strange,necessary,important,certain,wonderful,possible,likely,probable
It is certain that free medical care will be given to mostpeople in our city. 我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。
It is obvious that he has been treated.
很明显他已经被款待了。
It is +名词+从句
fact,surprise,pity,honor,common knowledge
It is common knowledge that the moon cannot give out light. 月亮不会发光，这是常识。
It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答，令人吃惊。
It+be+分词+从句
said,reported,believed,known,decided,thought,expected,announced
It is said that Jack has been to Europe.
据说Jack去过欧洲。
It was reported that a new park will be built.
据报道将要建造一个新的公园。
需要注意的是，作为形式主语的it并无实际意义，只是为了满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替的是句子的逻辑主语，而真正主语由从句或不定式充当。形式主语一直都是高频考点，同学们需要多多练习。
?从句：定语从句的简化规律?
（一）改用“不定式”或“不定式短语”
如果定语从句的时态与主句的时态具有同时性（包括谓语有情态动词）或之后性，则可以用“关系代词或关系副词＋不定式”来简化，或直接用“不定式”来修饰先行词。
要注意的是，此时的不定式一定要是及物动词，如果是不及物，则需要在动词后面加上相应的介词，使之成为及物动词短语。这个结尾的介词可以提前到关系代词前面，也可以继续留在句尾。前者是正式说法，后者是非正式说法。
We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which they could p lay in.
我们搬到了乡下，好让孩子们有个花园在里面玩。
改为：
We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which to play.
或者：
We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden to play in.
（二）改用“介词短语”
介词短语替代定语从句有两种方式：（1）省略“关系副词＋主语＋be动词”，或“关系代词＋be 动词”；（2）根据从句的意思改编。
We have never forgotten the days (when we were) at college.
我们从来没有忘记在大学对书的日子。
I don’t know the person (who is) in your office.
在你办公司的那个人我不认识。
He is not a person who likes to haggle over every ounce.
改为：
He is a person above personal interests.
他不是一个斤斤计较的人。
（三）改用“现在分词短语”和“过去分词短语”
“现在分词短语”作后置定语
此项要明白三点：
（1）“现在分词短语”与前面的名词一定是主谓关系；
（2）它隐含的时态为与谓语动词同一阶段的时态。例如：谓语是一般现在时或将来时，现在分词所隐含的是现在时、现在正在继续时；如果谓语动词为一般过去时或将来时，现在分词所隐含的时态为过去时、过去正在进行时；
（3）being＋-ed表示“正在进行时的被动语态”。如果信息的中心在什么时候可以用现在分词呢？
当被修饰的名词为“不定代词”、“泛指意义的名词”或“专有名词”，可用现在分句短语作后置定语由于主语是泛指，句子的意思往往表达的是一条“道理”或一件“事实”，所以它们的隐含时为“一般现在时”，此时就可以用分词短语作后置定语。为了看清分词所隐含的时态，配上定语。
为了大家看得明白，配上定语从句，把分词所替代的时间展示出来
Anyone touching that wire will get an electric stock.
任何人碰到那根电线就会触电。
＝ Anyone who touches that wire will get an electric stock.
The only real and lasting solution is to convince people that driving is a skilled taskrequir ing （＝which requires） constant care and concentration.
唯一一个有效、持久的方法是说法人们相信，开车是一种技术活，需要不断的小心，思想不能开小差。
Charles and Sydney, looking （＝who look）so much like each other, are often considered to be twins.
查尔斯和悉尼两个人的相貌非常相似，经常被人误解为双胞胎。
注：虽然被修饰的词是泛指意义的词，但是如果从句里的时态不是同步，则不可以用“现在分词”去作后置定语，只能用“定语从句”。
Do you know anybody who has lost a dog?
你知道有谁丢了一只猫？
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
→限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。
引导定语从句的关系代词有
who,whom,whose,which,that等。
who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that 既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。
关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。如：
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organiz ations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是
all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有
first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。如：
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which 或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。如：
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。如：
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
*→非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。如：
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。如：
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings.
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。如：These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Int ernet.(as代替主语）
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
状语从句
→地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
→原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
→条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit compu ter data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
→时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
状语从句常用引导词
时间状语从句
常用引导词：when、as、while、as soon as、before、after、since、till、until
特殊引导词：the minute、the moment、the second、every time、the day、immediately、directly、no sooner…than(一……就……)、hardly…when(刚一……就……)、scarcely…when(几乎没有…的时候)
地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever、anywhere、everywhere
原因状语从句
常用引导词：because、since、as、for
特殊引导词：seeing that、now that、in that、considering that、given that
结果状语从句
常用引导词：so…that、such…that
特殊引导词：such that、to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that
目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that、such that
特殊引导词：to the degree that、to the extent that、to such a degree that、in order that
条件状语从句
常用引导词：if、unless、whether(whether…or not)
特殊引导词：as/so long as、only if、providing/provide that、supposing that、in case that、on condition that
让步状语从句
常用引导词：though、although、even if、even though
特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)、while(一般用在句首)、no matter…、in spite of the fact that、whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever、however、whichever
方式状语从句
常用引导词：as、as if、how
特殊引导词：the way
比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较)、than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more…the more…、just as…、so…、A to B is what/as C is to D、no…more than、not so much A as B
?区分that 与what 引导的从句?
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。
如：
What he said at the meeting was very important．他在会上所说的非常重要。（宾语）What surprised us is that he did it alone．使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。（主语）That he did it alone surprised us．他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。（that用来引导主语从句，在句中不作成分）
二、引导宾语从句
that与what都可引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，一般情况下可以省略，但当有两个以上的宾语从句时，只能省掉第一个that。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
They stopped to see what was happening．他们停下来看发生了什么事情。（主语）
The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done．那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。（what在宾语从句中作宾语）
All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple．所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。（that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略）
We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed．我们必须相信，我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好；而且，当我们发现这事情是什么的时候，我们就必须努力干下去，直到成功为止。（第一个that可省略，第二个that不能省略）
三、引导表语从句
that与what都可引导表语从句，that在从句中不作句子成分，且不能省略；what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
Mary is no longer what she used to be．玛丽不再是从前那样了。（what在表语从句中作表语）The question is what we should do to prevent him from going．问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。（what在表语从句中作动词do的宾语）
The reason why he didn’t come today is that his mother is ill．他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。（that只起连接作用）
四、引导同位语从句
that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词，对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有：
fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分，但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，不能省略。如：
I have no idea what we should do next．我不知道我们下一步该做什么。（宾语）
He made a promise that he would study hard．他许诺要努力学习。(that只起连接作用) The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up．那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。（that只起连接作用）
五、引导定语从句
that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语，that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如：
This is one of the buildings that were built last year．这是去年建的楼房之一。（that在定语从句中作主语，指物，不能省略。）
The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago．你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。（that 在从句中作宾语，指人并可省略。）
注意：what不能引导定语从句。如不能说：
1．He did all what he could to save the patient．
2．All what he needs is more time．
应将句中的what改为that，或去掉what，还可以将以上两句中的all去掉，但两句的结构发生了根本的改变：句1中的what引导宾语从句，句2中的what引导主语从句。
六、引导状语从句
so．．．that, such ..．that, so that结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句，但whatever, no matter what可引导让步状语从句。如：
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them．请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。
Don’t believe him no matter what he says．无论他说什么，都不要相信他。
高中英语语法大全
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
高考冲刺 高中英语“从句篇”语法专题汇总
高考冲刺高中英语“从句篇”语法专 题汇总 距离高考的日子掰着手指头也能数清了。将高中英语所有语法专题总结在一起，供大家系统学习。 从句篇 定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语
注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高中英语状语从句100题
状语从句暑假练习一 1.___ hard he tries, he never seems able to do the work successfully. A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever 2.We have to be patient. It will be some time ___ we get the full result. A. since B. that C. before D. after 3.She lied to us ___ she had to ___ a job. A. what; to get B. because; get C. because; in order get D. all; get 4.I was about to go out ___ the telephone rang. A. then B. when C. suddenly D. so 5.This equipment is so old ___ it can’t be used any more ___ some o f its parts are changed. A. as; unless B. that; unless C. that; if D. whether; or 6.I’ll tell you the result of the test ___ I know it. A. because B. the moment C. though D. for 7.You can’t go out to play ___ you finish your homework. A. if B. because C. unless D. when 8.I was late today ___ there was something wrong with my bike. A. since B. as long as C. because D. when 9.You can’t waste natural resources ___ you have much of them. A. as if B. even if C. when D. if 10.Please speak clearly ___ we can follow you. A. s o…that B. so C. so as to D. so that 11.___ you have made a decision, don’t change it frequently. A. Once B. Before C. While D. Even if 12.He used to tell children the story ___ he had had the experience. A. as though B. even if C. even though D. like 13.He came to help us ___ he had plenty of work to do. A. as B. while C. although D. whenever 14.___, he knows how to live and study. A. A child as he is B. As he is a child C. Child as he is D. Though he is child 15.We found people friendly ___ we went. A. to which B. in which C. wherever D. to where 16.___ the weather is fine, I’ll open all the windows. A. Now that B. Since that C. Because of D. For 17.It was ___ he couldn’t finish it by himself. A. so difficult a work as B. such a difficult work as C. so difficult work as D. such difficult work that 18.___ I know, this book will be used as a text book. A. So far as B. So far C. So long as D. As to 19.He had disappeared in the darkness ___ I saw who he was. A. before B. after C. till D. while 20.We’ll build a power station ___ water resour ces are plentiful. A. where B. in which C. which D. that 21.___ we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
英语所有从句大全
高中英语从句大全 1）表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类： （1）从属连词that.如： The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 （2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why. 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1.连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。 2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我
高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高中英语从句大全汇总!
01 有关概念 由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句，就是在复合句中起统领作用 的句子，它是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分，不能独立存在。 如： You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。 The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。 这两句都是复合句，第一句的主句是You’ll feel better，从句是after you take the pills，由after 引导，在整个复合句中用作状语，表示时间；第二句的主句是The police learned是主句，that he wasn’t there at that time是从句，由that引导，在整个复合句中用作宾语。 注意，英语的复合句不是简单句的反面，不要将它误解为“复杂句”。事实上，英语的简单句有时 也可以比较“复杂”，而复合句也可以比较“简单”。如： He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。 这个句子比较“简单”，却是一个典型的复合句，其中的he stopped是主句，because he was tired 是从句，在复合句中用作状语，表示原因。 02 从句的分类 前面我们说到从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分，它可以用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。一般说 来，一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作主语，我们就叫 它为主语从句；从句在复合句用作宾语，我们就叫它为宾语从句；从句在复合句用作状语，我们就 叫它为状语从句；等等。 如： He answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他不知情。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 He was rather pleased when he won that prize. 他获奖后相当高兴。 She was not in the train that arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列车上。
高中英语状语从句讲解
高中状语从句讲解+练习 状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately , directly, every time, the day，no sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely …when （1）Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 他一到就告诉他我要见他。 （2）The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. The moment he saw me, he ran away. 他一看见我，就跑了。 He said he’d call you the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就给你打电话 （3）The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant. （4）Immediately you begin to speak, he gives you his full attention.你只要一开始说话，他就全神贯注地听。 （5）My sister came directly she got my message. 我妹妹一收到我的信息就来了。 （6）Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. （7）no sooner... than... ，"一...就..." ，引导时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时,"than"后面的从句用一般过去时.(从这里可以知道,no sooner后面是主句;than后面是从句) 例: I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来 No sooner ...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装. 例:No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. （8）He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang.他刚坐下电话就响了。 He had scarcely sat down when there was a knock at the door. 他刚坐下就有人敲门 另外，如果把hardly放于句首，主句要用倒装结构。如： Hardly had I finished eating when he came in. 我刚吃完他就进来了。 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. She was standing exactly where you are standing now那时他就站在你现在站的地方。 Stay where you are.呆在原地别动。 Wherever you go, you should work hard. Sit anywhere you like 随便坐吧 3．原因状语从句
高中英语语法大全(新版)
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
第五讲-高中英语状语从句详解
状语从句 一：状语从句的定义、功能、分类 定义：在复合句中作状语的从句 功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句 分类：按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。位置：从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。 二：考点与难点 1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较； 2、no matter wh- 与wh-ever 引导的从句的区别； 3、状语从句的时态问题； 4、状语从句倒装及省略； 5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。三：九种常见状语从句用法 1. 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 1）.基本类：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc. 2）. 名词类 the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一…就…); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, the day, the year, the morning etc. 3）. 副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一...就...) 4）.句型类：no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…, etc. (一…就…) 注意：1. when, as, while When ①when表示时间点时，从句中用短暂性动词；表示时间段时，用持续性动词。Eg:. When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when表示段时间） 2). He waved a hello when he saw her.（when表示点时间） ②. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时,突然”，相当于and then suddenly。常用于下列句式： be doing / be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing / have/had done + when Eg.1). I was about to go out when the door bell rang. 2). One evening I was having my dinner when an unexpected friend knocked my door. ③. 还可以表示原因,意思是“既然”，相当于since; considering that Eg. 1). It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes . 2). How can he get good grades when he won't study? While ①while通常表示一段时间，从句中常用持续性动词作谓语。 Eg: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 ②while有时可以作并列连词，表示对比，可译成“然而……”。 Eg: 1). I am fond of English while he likes maths. ③while有时可引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然”。 Eg. While they love the children, they are strict with them. As ①表示一边……一边……，强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 eg: She is singing a song as she took a bath. ②as表示随着 eg: As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer. 2. till, until和not…until 1）until /till用于肯定句时，表示直到…为止，主句必须为持续性动词。
高中英语从句总结
高中英语从句总结 1）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 解释： 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： +be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 +be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如： It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。 It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。 +be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如： It is said that has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 +seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如： It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at 似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。 +doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如： It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。