学术英语教学理念与原则复旦大学季佩英教授
《大学英语(学术英语)》课程教学大纲
《大学英语（学术英语）》课程教学大纲ACADEMICENGLISH执笔者：吴勇审核人：易强编写日期：2017年10月《大学英语（学术英语）》课程是我校非英语专业本科基础阶段的公共基础课，属必修课程。
该课程安排在第四学期，总计48学时，3学分。
本课程根据教育部《大学英语教学指南》（2014）及我校人才培养定位实际要求来确定其教学内容和制订其教学大纲。
三、课程的性质、目的和任务教育部《大学英语教学指南》（2014）指出，大学英语课程具有工具性，体现在英语听说读写译技能、专门用途英语两方面。
在专门用途英语上，学生通过学术英语、职业英语等来获得学术领域或职业领域进行交流的能力，提升学生学术和职业素养，且该能力培养要进一步增强。
我校是以工科为主的地方本科院校，工科专业多，学生将来面临的学业深造、就业渠道也必然以工科方向为主，开设学术英语课程也是大势所趋。
学术英语能力主要包括：听专业课程和专业讲座的能力；搜索、阅读和评价专业文献的能力；撰写文献摘要、述评和专业小论文的能力；口头陈述和演示科研成果的能力；参加学术讨论的能力。
四、课程教学环节的基本要求（一）大学英语课程教学总体要求依照教育部《大学英语教学指南》（2014），大学英语课程教学要求分为三个层次，即基础目标、提高目标和发展目标。
基础目标针对英语高考成绩合格的学生，是本科毕业时应达到的基本要求；提高目标和发展目标针对大学入学时英语已达到较好水平的学生，也是对学生英语应用能力要求较高的专业所选择的要求。
三个级别教学要求的总体能力描述如下：展目标为教学目标，而英语基础较差的普通本科、艺术班、专升本等专业原则上以基础目标为起点进行教学。
（二）《大学英语（学术英语）》课程教学要求学术英语以英语使用领域为指向，以增强学生运用英语进行专业和学术交流、从事工作的能力，提升学生学术和职业素养为目的。
学术英语课程凸显大学英语工具性特征，将特定的学科内容与语言教学目标相结合，教学活动着重解决学生学科知识学习过程中所遇到的语言问题，以培养与专业相关的英语能力为教学重点，也分为三个级别。
学术英语综合季佩玉四单元翻译
Unit 4 翻译环保的当今时代是约半个世纪之久。
那段时间意识不断壮大，我们所面临的挑战知识增加，而重要的实践已经取得了进展，例如在一些减少各种污染，并在建立保护区。
我们是，但是，仍然由协调人什么我们的星球能提供可持续的要求很远。
人与自然之间的不平衡的后果是出现在改变地球的气候，动物和植物的势头，并在关键的资源，包括野生鱼类资源，淡水和土壤的枯竭的大灭绝。
而这些环境压力不是一成不变的。
他们不断升级，随着我国人口的增长和国家继续为更多的经济增长的不懈追求。
如果我们要避免这些趋势的最严重后果则毫无疑问是较为迅速的进展将需要比迄今取得的，但我们在这里应该关注我们的努力？什么可能是在未来的半个世纪行动的优先领域？这让我感到眼前的主要挑战主要不是相对于良好的信息，更好的技术和良好的政策思路。
这些东西是至关重要的当然的，但所有这些东西都已经可用。
我们知道如何让清洁电力，节约资源，培育生物多样性。
我们知道如何规范污染，防止损坏的生态系统，如果我们想。
我们有这些能力的事实是不够的。
如果我们继续前进的决定性方式的争论它需要被重新定义。
我们需要从“做正确的事'上移动，谈到风险管理，促进抗灾能力。
要查看关爱地球的自然系统为某种道德选择的是完全误解了危机，我们都在这个挑战是关于人类社会的未来，而不是一些可选的慈善事业，我们可以留给慈善事业慷慨解囊，做社会改良。
嵌入了使我们从保护自然的人们保护自然为人们的叙述是这样的重新规划的重要组成部分。
我们正处在一个时期的后果，世界必须知道，健康的本质不是一些可选的精密而是一组不可缺少的物质资产。
如果这样的叙述是为了获得实际效果再想找性质后必须立即被看作不仅是一个环境的挑战，也是一个经济问题。
只要我们继续滑向两个方向行进，一方面是促进环保目标的同时，对其他直接矛盾与措施，以实现更多的经济增长，我们不再将无法取得真正的进展。
当涉及到经济学和生态学有大量的好思已经完成。
例如，在不同的经济措施，以取代成功与失败，生态税的改革更为现实的措施，收入转移的负担，污染，生态系统服务补偿，补贴的重定向和如何调动国内生产总值的原油措施融资以扩大清洁行业。
礼貌策略在高校英语课堂教学中的应用
礼貌策略在高校英语课堂教学中的应用【摘要】为了培养大学生的语用能力和跨文化交际能力，教师需要在英语课堂教学中合理、得体、有针对性地运用礼貌原则。
本文通过对礼貌原则的分析，探讨了以关联和独立为主的两项礼貌策略在教师话语中的应用，以期营造一个轻松愉悦的教学环境，同时提高学生的语言和语用能力。
【关键词】礼貌原则；英语课堂；语用能力为适应全球化的要求，如今的高校英语教学不再单纯注重以读写为主要教学内容的英语语言知识输入，而更侧重对学生语言应用与跨文化交际等英语综合应用能力的培养，特别体现为听说能力的提高。
语用能力培养的理念也已被大多数高校英语教师接受和认可（季佩英2008）。
礼貌原则作为语用学及跨文化交际学中的一条重要原则，需要教师在课堂教学时充分利用，以起到对目的语使用的良好示范作用，从而达到确实提高学生语用能力及跨文化交际能力，并最终提高教学质量的目的。
1 理论综述从20世纪70年代开始，礼貌这一语用现象引起欧美学者的注意，并逐渐形成一套关于礼貌的理论。
Lakoff（1973）认为礼貌是减少人际交往摩擦的有效方法；Brown和Levinson诠释了面子理论（1978，1987），其中包括对面子的理解，威胁面子行为及相对应的礼貌策略；Leech在Grice会话合作原则的基础上发展出礼貌原则（1983），作为对会话合作原则的补充，在某种程度上解释了人们在言语交际中故意违反合作原则的原因，这一原则也受到中国学者们的普遍认同。
其中包括六项准则，即得体准则、慷慨准则、赞誉准则、谦虚准则、赞同准则和同情准则；Fraser（1990）则总结了当时多种对礼貌的理论研究，从四个角度阐述了语言学上的礼貌：除了认同Grice以及Brown和Levinson的理论之外，他还提出礼貌是在考虑到特定语境的情况下，符合社会规范的得体行为。
其中最引人注意的第四点是会话合同（conversational contract）观，认为交际双方就如同合同双方负有一定的权利和义务，这些是由社会和文化等因素综合决定的，交际双方基于这一认识对交际过程有所期待，这一期待被满足就是礼貌。
学术英语教学理念与原则复旦大学季佩英教授
English as the Language of Knowledge Exchange
• Most disciplines have progressively switched from publishing in journals in their own language to publishing in journals in English.
• Part III Issues and challenges of teaching EAP in China
Part I Changes in educational institutions
Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes
Two distinct roles for institutions which have English as the medium of instruction:
(Hyland, 2006)
4. The what and how of EAP
• The Early Years (1950s-1960s) • Three Decades of Growth and Developing Tradition
(1970s, 1980s, 1990s) • The current situation (since 2000)
(Jordan, 2002)
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• English for Academic Purposes refers to language research and instruction that focuses on the spees of particular groups in academic contexts.
基于ZPD理论的英语专业学生口语产出能力动态评估体系的构建
基于ZPD理论的英语专业学生口语产出能力动态评估体系的构建马静;王宏伟;冯展极【摘要】针对我国高校英语专业学生口语产出能力研究现状，口语教学中可参照Vygotsky的ZPD理论，结合国内外评估理论的最新成果，构建“英语专业学生口语产出能力动态评估体系”，以期达到能力评估、反拨教学、引导学习、促进学生专业口语能力发展的目的。
%The latest achievements in assessment theory at home and abroad can contribute to the research of oral English teaching. Considering the status quo of English Majors' in China, the construction of dynamic evaluation system of English majors' oral proficiency, based on Vygotsky's ZPD Theory, is helpful to impel the development of the students ' oral ability. It ' s also expected to promote the capacity evaluation and washback in language teaching.【期刊名称】《大庆师范学院学报》【年(卷),期】2014(000)006【总页数】4页(P138-141)【关键词】ZPD;口语产出能力;动态评估【作者】马静;王宏伟;冯展极【作者单位】大庆师范学院外国语学院，黑龙江大庆163712;大庆师范学院外国语学院，黑龙江大庆163712;大庆师范学院外国语学院，黑龙江大庆163712【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H319目前,我国的人才培养体系面临着两个主要转变。
学术英语社会科学课程与教学
Text B
Critical reading and thinking – the global picture
Summary of Text B：
Unit 3
Unemployment
Text B
Suggested answers
Critical reading and thinking
Task 1 The tree diagram below illustrates the main points of the text. Complete it according to the text. Why unemployment is so high? Debate topic: __________________________
Unit 3
Unemployment
• Text A
– Language focus
Difficult Sentences Collocations EAP\collocation Unit 3.ppt EAP\collocation Unit 4.ppt Formal English
– Critical reading and thinking
Unit 3
Unemployment
Critical reading: questions for discussion
• How about Text A? How many voices do you find in Text A?
In text A there is only one voice.
Unit 3
Unemployment
Text A Critical reading and thinking – the global picture
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
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4. The what and how of EAP
The early years (1950s-1960s)
• A sub-discipline within ESP with following features:
an eclectic and pragmatic discipline considering a wide range of linguistic, applied linguistic and educational topics
(Hyland, 2006)
4. The what and how of EAP
• The Early Years (1950s-1960s) • Three Decades of Growth and Developing Tradition
(1970s, 1980s, 1990s) • The current situation (since 2000)
(Liz Hamp-Lyons, 2011)
3. Nature of EAP
• designed to meet specified needs of the learner • related in content (i.e. in its themes and topics) to
particular disciplines, occupations and activities • centered on the language appropriated to those
• Various ways to collect data of students‟ needs e.g. language tests, questionnaire surveys, monitoring in class, self-assessment and interviews
Supporting international students
English as the Language of Knowledge Exchange
• Most disciplines have progressively switched from publishing in journals in their own language to publishing in journals in English.
English for academic purposes
English for occupational
purposes
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• „English for Academic Purposes‟ seems to have been coined by Tim Johns in 1974 and made its first published appearance in a collection of papers edited by Cowie and Heaton in 1977.
Teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) focuses on „teaching English specifically to facilitate learners‟ study or research through the medium of English‟
activities in syntax, lexis, discourse, semantics etc., and analysis of this discourse • in contrast with “General English”
Strevens (1988)
3. Nature of EAP • EGAP: English for general academic purposes • ESAP: English for specific academic purposes
Hutchinson and Waters (2002, P. 17)
1. Classifying EAP in English language teaching
English as foreign language
General English
English for specific purposes
4. The what and how of EAP
The early years (1950s-1960s)
• Britain began to receive increasing numbers of international students funded by the British Council.
• Classroom interactions (from teacher feedback to tutorials and seminar discussions).
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• Research genres (from journal articles to conference papers and grant proposals).
(Hyland, Hamp-Lyons, 2002)
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• TEAP: the teaching of English with the specific aim of helping learners to study, conduct research or teach in that language (Flowerdew and Peacock, 2001: 8).
• Part III Issues and challenges of teaching EAP in China
Part I Changes in educational institutions
Braj Kachru's model of World Englishes
Two distinct roles for institutions which have English as the medium of instruction:
• 1. Classifying EAP in English language teaching • 2. EAP and TEAP: definitions • 3. Nature of EAP • 4. The what and how of EAP
1. Classifying EAP in English language teaching
(Hamp-Lyons, 2011, p. 89).
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
Teaching EAP covers all areas of academic communicative practice such as:
• Pre-tertiary, undergraduate and postgraduate teaching (from the design of materials to lectures and classroom tasks).
Teaching EAP: conceptions, pedagogies and practices
季佩英 2014.4.19
Overview
• Part I Changes in educational institutions
• Part II Teaching EAP: conceptions, pedagogies, and practices
Supporting international students
• needs analysis Needs analysis is fundamental to an EAP approach to course design and teaching. Liz Hamp-Lyons (2000)
(Jordan, 2002)
2. EAP and TEAP: definitions
• English for Academic Purposes refers to language research and instruction that focuses on the specific communicative needs and practices of particular groups in academic contexts.
Dudley-Evans and St John (1998: 41)
3. Nature of EAP
ESAP
• concerns the teaching of skills and language which are related to the demands of a particular discipline or department.
• Induction courses, such as short courses (e.g. four weeks at the beginning of the students‟ studies) were development.
• Birmingham University, Leeds University, Manchester University, Newcastle University
3. Nature of EAP