2021届高考英语二轮复习语法突破:第1讲掌握8大基本句子成分,为学好语法奠基 学案

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2021高考语法知识点

2021高考语法知识点

2021高考语法知识点一、句子成分句子是由不同的成分组成的,每个成分都有特定的功能和作用。

在句子中,主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。

1. 主语主语是句子中的核心成分,通常指出执行动作或者是动作的承受者。

在句子中,主语一般出现在谓语的前面。

例如:- She is reading a book.- Tom and Jerry are good friends.2. 谓语谓语是句子中表示动作或者状态的核心成分。

它包括动词、形容词或者名词。

例如:- They are playing basketball.- The weather is sunny.3. 宾语宾语是句子中接受动作的承受者,通常出现在及物动词或者介词之后。

例如:- She loves her dog.- We gave him a gift.4. 定语定语是句子中用来修饰名词或者代词的成分,目的是对其进行限定或者描述。

例如:- The red car is mine.- I bought a new computer.5. 状语状语是句子中用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子的成分,表达时间、地点、方式、原因等信息。

例如:- She plays the piano beautifully.- He is running in the park.6. 补语补语是句子中用来补充说明主语或者宾语的成分,通常出现在系动词后面,用来对主语进行补充或者对宾语进行补充。

例如:- She became a doctor.- They elected him as the team captain.二、句子结构句子结构是指句子内各成分之间的组织关系。

在英语中,根据句子结构可以将句子分为简单句、并列句、复合句等。

1. 简单句简单句是由一个主语和一个谓语构成的完整句子,它只包含一个主干成分。

例如:- She sings well.- I like ice cream.2. 并列句并列句是由两个或者多个简单句通过连词连接而成的句子。

2021年高考英语二轮复习简单句和并列句语法突破训练含解析

2021年高考英语二轮复习简单句和并列句语法突破训练含解析

简单句和并列句高考英语简单句和并列句用法速查速记考点一简单句简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。

简单句有五种基本句式,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。

一、主语+谓语(不及物动词)例:What’s worse, I don’t municate well in my family.更糟糕的是,在家庭中我不善交流。

And I can play outside too!我也可以在外面玩!二、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。

例:I plan to find a part­time job in a foreign capital pany.我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。

三、主语+系动词+表语1.本句式中的连系动词以be为最多。

此外还有少数其他的连系动词,如appear, bee, get,grow, look, prove, remain等。

2.表语多为形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。

例:This is surely a good chance for more people to see them.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。

The “Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very popular among usstudents.我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目在我们学生中很受欢迎。

四、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语1.该句式中表示人的是间接宾语,表示物的是直接宾语。

一般间接宾语在前面,直接宾语在后面。

如果将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,则需借助介词to或for。

2.要跟双宾语的动词有:ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, return, save, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。

2021届高考英语一轮复习-英语语法专题复习:句子成分 [八大句子成分] 课件(共48张)

2021届高考英语一轮复习-英语语法专题复习:句子成分 [八大句子成分] 课件(共48张)
living 4. There are four girls live in that house.
03 宾语 Object
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者, 一般放在及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
(1) 在及物动词之后(动宾结构) (3) 在介词之后(介宾结构)
练习:请改正下列句子中的语法错误。
playing 1. My favorite sport is play football.
to work 2. His parents wanted him work hard.
walking 3. I saw him walked into the building.
【高中语法】 句子成分语法知识英语语法框架音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
八种句子成分
宾语
表语
补语
定语
谓语
状语
主语
八种句 子成分
live to see their 100th birthday.
3. It has what nutritionists like to call “biological
plausibility”.
04 表语 Predicative
表语 Predicative
表语 (predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特 征和状态,放在连系动词(be, 感官动词等) 之后。

新高考英语二轮提分教程课件:考前提分 语法部分1.八大句子成分

新高考英语二轮提分教程课件:考前提分 语法部分1.八大句子成分
他说的话表明他很少关心他人的痛苦或困难,即使他们是他的朋友。(从 句作宾语)
即时练 3 [单句写作] ①我已经写了申请书和个人简历。(名词短语作宾语) I've already written ________________________. ②他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词短语作宾语) Suddenly he thought of ____________________ before setting out. ③我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作的良好程度。(从句作宾语) Our success depends on _____________________.
二 谓语——主语的行为或状态 英语中动词一共分为三大类:实义动词、连系动词和助动词,实义动词 又分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词可以单独作谓语,其他种类的动词 都不能单独作谓语,连系动词需要和表语构成谓语;助动词及情态动词需要 和实义动词一起构成谓语。
①The earthquake happened in 2016. 地震发生在 2016 年。(实义动词作谓语) ②The cake smells good. 蛋糕闻起来很好。(“连系动词+表语”作谓语) ③I have already filled in the application form. 我已经填好了申请表。(“助动词+实义动词”作谓语)
③I think all our classmates have learned a lot from our communication and the various activities.
我认为我们所有的同班同学从交流和各种各样的活动中学到了很多东 西。(从句作宾语)
④What he says suggests that he cares little about others' pain or trouble, even if they're his friends.

高考英语二轮语法题型突破篇专题一语法填空题型二自由填空高考命题8并列连词和状语从句

高考英语二轮语法题型突破篇专题一语法填空题型二自由填空高考命题8并列连词和状语从句
12/8/2021
7.(2015·陕西卷)I believe you will have a wonderful time here __o_n_c_e___ you get to know everyone else.
解析:句意:一旦你认识了这里的其他所有人,我相信你会 在这里玩得很愉快的。 once“一旦”,引导时间状语从句。
12/8/2021
②考查让步状语从句的引导词是 though,although,wh-ever 等。
Though she is clever,she often makes mistakes. 虽然她聪明,但她经常犯错误。 ③常考的条件状语从句的引导词是 if,unless。注意主从句 的时态呼应也常考到。一般来说从句是一般现在时,主句用一般 将来时。 If you don't study hard,you'll fail the exam. 如果你不努力学习,考试就会不及格。
12/8/2021
解题技法巧应用
12/8/2021
技法一 根据语境或空格前后句子的含义确定连词,即确定 具体是哪种状语从句
(1)牢记连词词义并能够熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。 (2)重点关注几组连词的用法: ①常考的时间状语从句的引导词是 when,while,as;另外 before 是高考重点,表示“在……之前,要过……时间才……”。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
12/8/2021
15.(2015·安徽卷)___W_h_e_r_e_ he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.

青岛二中高考英语一轮复习-英语语法专题复习:句子成分 [八大句子成分] 课件(共48张)

青岛二中高考英语一轮复习-英语语法专题复习:句子成分 [八大句子成分] 课件(共48张)
living 4. There are four girls live in that house.
03 宾语 Object
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者, 一般放在及物动词、动词短语或介词之后。
(1) 在及物动词之后(动宾结构) (3) 在介词之后(介宾结构)
(4) 副词作定语 The boy there is my little brother.
(5) 介词短语作定语 The boy in blue is my little brother.
(6) 不定式作定语 The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
定语 Attribute
I love you.
We are in the house.
(2) 在动词短语之后 He took off his shoes.
(4) 某些形容词可以接宾语 The book is worth reading.
宾语 Object
宾语 (object) 由名词、代词或相当于名词的成分来充当。
(1) 名词作宾语 She is playing the piano now.
(1) 形容词作宾补 I find you beautiful.
(2) 名词作宾补 I consider him a liar.
(3) 分词作宾补 I hear her singing. I had my hair cut.
补语 Complement
补语 (complement) 最常见的是宾语补足语(宾补),通常紧 跟在宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明。
学校考试的泛滥已经成为美国教育中最具争议的话题之一。

2021高考英语总复习 第二部分 语法专题突破复习全集(共373张PPT)

On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 周一早上我通常花一小时开车上班。
3
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@《创新设计》
2.表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。
三、将来进行时 表示将来某时或某一时段正在进行的动作,常表示事情的正常发展。 I’ll be doing jobs about the house tomorrow.明天我将要干些家务活。
8
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@《创新设计》
Ⅲ.完成时态 一、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或已经完成的某一动作。常与lately,
7
No.1
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@《创新设计》
3.与always,often等频度副词连用,表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。 The girl is always talking loud in public.这个女孩总是在公众场合大声说话。
二、过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他在读一本有趣的书。
10
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3.下列句型中常用现在完成时。 It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句 This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that+现在完成时 This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting...+that+现在完成时

2021届高考英语二轮复习模块1语法知识专题3语法考点大突破第8讲特殊句式课件人教版.pptx


(2)常用的省略结构 if ever 如果有过的话 if busy 如果忙的话 if any 如果有一些的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if so 如果那样的话 if not 如果不的话
4.动词不定式的省略 (1)在动词不定式结构中,为避免重复,常常省略不定式结构中的动 词原形,只保留to。 —Would you like to go with us? —I’m glad to,but I have to finish my homework. ——你愿意和我们一起去吗? ——我很愿意去,但我不得不先写完作业。
【答案】 press 【解析】 考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”。句意:在任何不安全 的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的 帮助。故填press。
题型二 单句改错 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words,“Speed
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。句意:中国在养活了全国人民的 同时,又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定者提供 了很有用的经验。 while 后面省略了China is,构成“连词+现在分2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, (use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.
2.强调句型与结构相似的主从复合句的区别 (1)与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别 It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month. 他们下个月准备去参观长城,这是真的。 It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit. 他们打算去参观的地方是长城。

2021届高考二轮复习英语语法专题:简单句和并列句 学案

句子成分;简单句和并列句(框架记忆版)一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。

2025版一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1第1讲划分句子成分和掌握基本句型


(2022·全 国 甲 卷 满 分 作 文 )It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans. (代词作主语)
它旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。 (2023·全国乙卷满分作文)Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity and problem-solving skills.(动词-ing形式作主语) 学习编织帮助我发展了创造力和解决问题的能力。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文)What worries me is that pairing us up randomly could result in failure in oral improvement.(从句作主语) 让我担心的是,我们随机配对可能会导致口语提高失败。
考点三 宾语 1.定义:宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、动词不定式 或相当于名词的词(短语或从句)来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是 什么,通常放在及物动词或者介词之后,有时会有双宾语。 (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We can't throw rubbish, especially plastic rubbish there, because many sea animals eat them by mistake and are killed at last. (名词作宾语) 我们不能把垃圾,尤其是塑料垃圾扔在那里,因为许多海洋动物错 把它们吃掉并最终被杀死。
My aim is to become a doctor.(动词不定式短语作表语) 我的目标是成为一名医生。 The movie is quite moving.(动词-ing形式作表语) 这部电影非常感人。
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第一讲掌握8大基本句子成分,为学好语法奠基无论是“理解”还是“表达”,均需建立在准确理解句子成分基础上。

一个句子若没有句子成分的合理架构、有序排列,就会杂乱无章,不知所云。

所以,学好语法,应从正确划分句子成分入手。

众所周知,句子有若干个组成部分,它们分别承担着不同的作用,组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。

英语中的句子成分分为主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)和同位语(appositive)八种,它们就像佛教中的八大护法金刚,各司其职,共同呵护着英语这个“极乐世界”。

一、主语——习惯于发号施令,偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中,主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。

主语一般位于句子开头,且不能省略。

但在某些特定的句式里,如:疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等,句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。

能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。

(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The competition will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours.(名词作主语)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)To let China go to the world and let the world understand China is my first aim.(不定式短语作主语)(2019·江苏高考书面表达)It seems to me that the traditional Chinese dress will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British students.(代词it充当形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语)[名师指津]当从句作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,可用it作形式主语。

二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”,执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征,常位于主语之后。

谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”充当,有时态、语态和语气的变化,同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。

判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系,如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态,如果是被动关系就用被动语态。

谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个实义动词或动词短语构成。

(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) The person I respect most is my uncle who contributes a lot to his patients.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am studying in London during the summer holiday.(2019·北京高考书面表达)Great changes have taken place in Tianjin in the last few years.2.复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成;(2)由系动词加表语构成。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Through my introduction and efforts I can strengthen the friendship between China and Britain.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)You're an excellent player.三、宾语——一直受到压制,有时“翻身农奴把歌唱”宾语表示谓语动作的对象,一般位于及物动词和介词的后面,受到主语的限制和制约。

宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或宾语从句充当,根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。

宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”。

1.双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)(2020·全国卷I书面表达) He often brings the daily necessities to people in need.(2019·浙江6月高考写作)I want to send you my sincere gratitude for helping with my English learning.(you为间接宾语;my sincere gratitude 为直接宾语)2.复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement.(you 为宾语;to give us your guidance and encouragement为宾语补足语)四、表语——最会察言观色,就看“主子”脸色表语一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后,用以说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态等,一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。

(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in the exhibition.(形容词作表语)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn the next class.(从句作表语)五、定语——鞍前马后搞服务,全心全意勤务兵修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。

定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词,可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当。

定语有前置和后置两种情况,如短语结构、从句等作定语时,常置于被修饰词之后。

As you see, the students in our school are always hard-working.(从句和介词短语作定语)My dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.(非谓语动词作后置定语) 六、状语——行踪飘忽不定,却对动词“情有独钟”修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。

一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、程度等意义。

状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。

常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般放在时间状语之前;一些表示频度的副词(如often, almost 等)作状语通常位于be 动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。

高考中一般考查副词修饰动词的用法,故说它对动词“情有独钟”。

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)We are training very hard these days.(副词作状语)(2019·北京高考书面表达)The next day, we set off early in the morning .(介词短语作状语)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Here I'd like to inform you of some detailed information to make you prepare for it .(非谓语动词作状语)(2019·北京高考书面表达)When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents.(从句作状语)七、补语——始终寄人篱下,永远成不了主人补语也叫补足语,主要起补充说明的作用,最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语,所以说它寄人篱下,成不了“主人”。

补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句充当。

(2019·江苏高考书面表达)Li Jiang will make the Chinese culture better known to British students.(过去分词短语作宾语补足语)He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday.(现在分词短语作主语补足语)八、同位语——总是玩失踪,特殊场合还是“显露原形”对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。

英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的,所以说它爱玩失踪,如果要对前面的名词的具体内容作进一步的说明,这时候就需要同位语,可谓“显露原形”。

可以用作同位语的有:名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My name is Li Hua, a Chinese student who is taking a summer course in London now .[专题跟踪集训]Ⅰ.用以下符号划分句子成分主语用____,谓语用 ,宾语用 ,定语用[ ]定语,状语用[ ]状语,补足语用[ ]补足语,同位语用[ ]同位语1.Recently I have carried out a survey among the students in our class.2.One day some of my students were talking about what we would like to be in the future.3.Music can make our mind in a peaceful state after a whole day of tiring work.4.Every day he was forced to work from morning till night.5.Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week.6.At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection.7.Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.8.We haven't decided when to discuss the question again.Ⅱ.单句改错并说明理由(从句子成分角度思考)1.(2020·新课标II卷短文改错)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.[改错] _______________________________________________________________________________ __[理由] _______________________________________________________________________________ __2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.[改错] _______________________________________________________________________________ __[理由] _______________________________________________________________________________ __3.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.[改错]___________________________________________________________________________ __[理由] _____________________________________________________________________________ 4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.[改错] _____________________________________________________________________________ [理由] _____________________________________________________________________________ 5.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. [改错] _____________________________________________________________________________ [理由] _____________________________________________________________________________6.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.[改错] _____________________________________________________________________________ [理由] _____________________________________________________________________________ 7.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.[改错] _____________________________________________________________________________ [理由] _____________________________________________________________________________ 8.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.[改错] _____________________________________________________________________________ [理由] _____________________________________________________________________________ 9.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.[改错] _____________________________________________________________________________ [理由] _____________________________________________________________________________ 答案:Ⅰ.用以下符号划分句子成分1.Recently I have carried out a survey among the students in our class.[Recently]状语I have carried out a survey [among the students in our class]状语.2.One day some of my students were talking about what we would like to be in the future. [One day]状语some_of_my_students were talking about what we would like to be in the future. 3.Music can make our mind in a peaceful state after a whole day of tiring work.Music can make our mind [in a peaceful state]宾补[after a whole day of tiring work]状语.4.Every day he was forced to work from morning till night.[Every day]状语he was forced [to work]主补[from morning till night]状语.5.Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week.Word came[that the mayor would pay a visit to同位语our school next week]同位语.6.At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection. [At the same time]状语, parents are giving their children too much protection.7.Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.[Bathed in the sunshine]状语, we jumped and cheered [with joy]状语.8.We haven't decided when to discuss the question again.We haven't decided when to discuss the question again.Ⅱ.单句改错并说明理由(从句子成分角度思考)1.(2020·新课标II 卷短文改错)I’m surely you’ll have a good time.[改错] 将surely 改为sure[理由] 我相信你会玩得很开心的。

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