高三英语语法-非谓语动词复习
高三英语语法-非谓语动词复习
不定式（infinitive）、分词（participle）、动名词（gerund）是非谓语动词，在句子中不能作谓语
．．．．．．．．．。以下表格列出了他们各自在句中的作用。（√表示可以在句中担任的语法成分，×则表示不可以。）
非谓语动词在句中的特点、性质、用法、区别及使用注意事项分述如下：
第一节、非谓语动词作主语
可作主语的非谓语形式为：不定式和动名词。其表达形式为：
不定式：主动态to do; 被动态to be done; 动名词：主动态doing; 被动态being done。
例1：To act like that is foolish.
例2：It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash. 要我用现金买那辆车是不可能的。
例3：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
例4：——What made you so late for work today ?
——Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy traffic.
因为交通拥挤，今早开车上班非常慢。
一般说来，动名词和不定式作主语，可以互换，其意义没有多大差别，但须注意以下两点：
1．表示具体的，尤其是未发生的动作，倾向用不定式（如例2）。
表示无时限的泛指动作（如例3）或描述当时的情况（如例4），倾向用动名词。
2．在下列句型用动名词作主语
It is no good doing.（……没有用）
There is no doing. （……不可能）
It is no good arguing with him. 和他争论没有用。
There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what may happen.
练习：1．（改错）As is known, learn a foreign language well requires great efforts.
2．（改错）Though flying balloons are easy, balloonists must watch the weather carefully.
3．（选择）_______ to sunlight for too much will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed to
B. Exposing
C. Having exposed
D. Being exposed
答案：1．learn → learning 原形动词不能作主语。
2．are → is 单个动名词作主语，谓语用单数。
3.答案D。句义：遭太阳暴晒对皮肤有害。本题考查动名
词作主语。分析句子结构可知，待选项在句中作主语，又因为人与expose为被动关系，所以选D。
第二节、非谓语动词作表语
可作表语的非谓语动词为：不定式，动名词。
1．Your task this morning is to deliver the mail to Professor Smith. 你今天上午的任务是把这个邮件送给史密斯教授。（不定式解释主语内容）
2．My hobby is collecting stamps. （动名词解释主语内容）
1. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____it more
difficult.（99全国）A. not make B. not to make C. not making
D. do not make
2.分析句子是否正确: What we do is prepare our students to face
fierce competitions when they enter society.
1、答案B。is后有两个表语，两者必须在结构上对称。第一个表
语为不定式to make life easier，则第二个表语也应该为不定式，所以选B。
2、正确。当主语部分有实义动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以
省略to; 若没有实义动词do,表语中to不能省略。
第三节、非谓语动词作宾语
可作宾语的非谓语动词为：不定式和动名词。
1．不定式作宾语
例1．He demanded to know the truth.
例2．The car failed to stop at the red light. 那辆轿车看到红灯没有停。
英语中有相当数量的动词，只能以不定式作宾语。如：
agree（同意），decide, refuse, pretend（假装），manage（设法），promise, seem, happen, hope, wish, offer to do（表示愿望）
afford to do（买得起，承担得起），bother to do（特意），choose to do（愿意或决定）
attempt / seek to do（试图）learn to do（学习或学会）
短语
would like（love）to do，would prefer to do（更愿意），be about to do（即将）,
介词but / except to do
例1）I have no choice but to give up the plan.
2）There was nothing we could do except wait.
注：but / except前有实义动词do, 其后to必须省去
请注意以下几点：
1）疑问代词如what，which；疑问副词如when, whether（why
除外）引导的不定式可作know, decide等的宾语，在意义上相当与一个未曾发生的宾语从句。
例1．We haven’t decided what steps to take next.
→We haven’t decided what steps we should take next.
2．I really don’t know whether to write to her or give her a phone call.
→I really don’t know whether I should write to her or give her a phone call.
这种结构也可以作主语和表语
例1．What to do next remains to be discussed. 下一步该怎么办有待于讨论。
例2．Our difficulty is where to get enough money.
2）为了避免重复，不定式可省去与前边重复的动词原形，而保留“to”。
例：——Would you like to go for a picnic with me ?
——I’d love to, but I can’t spare any time at present.（to后省略了go for a picnic with you）
不定式的进行时和完成时常用在下列句型中：
seem / appear（似乎）to
1）S（人，物）happen（碰巧）to
pretend to
be said（据说）to
be thought / supposed / considered/ believed（据认为）to
2）S（人，物）be reported（据报导）to
be known（知道）to
请注意：考查不定式的时态和语态，主要集中在以上句型中，是高考的重点和热点。
I happened to be standing next to him when he fell down.
The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday. 据当地报纸指导，这家银行昨天在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。
He is known to have been arrested by the police. 人们都知道他曾被警察逮捕过。
4）was / were to have done ；would like to have done
wished（hoped / wanted / intended / meant）to have done
表示当时想做，而实际不能做到
I was to have picked you up at the airport, but I forgot about it.
I intended to have helped you out but I had no money then. 我当时
真想帮助你摆脱困境，可是我那时身无分文。
2．动名词作动词或介词的宾语
I can’t imagine marrying a girl of that sort. 我很难想象与那种女子结婚后的情形。
I narrowly missed being killed in the car accident. 在那次车祸中我死里逃生。
He admitted having stolen my bicycle. 他承认偷了我的自行车。
There is no point in arguing any further.再争议下去毫无意义。
1）下列动词必须带动名词结构作宾语：
understand（理解），admit（承认），keep（on）（继续），practise （练习），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（错过，避免），avoid（避免），escape（逃避），suggest（建议），dislike（讨厌），enjoy（喜欢），delay（推迟），excuse（原谅），mind（介意），appreciate
（感激），oppose（反对）。
另外，有的词既可带动名词做宾语，亦可带不定式做宾语补足语，请区别清楚。如：
allow doing（比较：allow sb. to do）advise doing（比较：advise sb. to do）
2）下列短语必须带动名词结构作宾语：
be worth（值得），pay attention to（注意），object to（反对），can’t help（情不自禁），devote oneself to（致力于），put off（推迟），be / get used to（习惯于），feel like（想要），look forward to（盼望），get down to（开始做，认真做某事），how / what about（……
怎么样），There is no point (in) doing sth (做某事毫无意义)
3）下列动词可以用不定式作宾语，也可以用动名词作宾语，但有明显的语义差别。
remember doing 回忆起过去做过的事
remember to do 记住要做的事
forget doing 忘记了曾做过的事
forget to do 忘记该做的事
regret doing 对已发生的事表示后悔
regret to do 对现在要发生的事表示抱歉
mean doing 意味着，意思是
mean to do 打算，想要
try doing 试一试某种方法
try to do 设法去做一件事
比较1．I don’t mean to give up the plan. 我不打算放弃这个计划。
A break down on our way would mean our walking for hours. 汽车
半路抛锚意味着我们要步行几个小时。
比较2．I have always deeply regretted selling（having sold）the farm.
我一直为卖掉这个农场而后悔不已。
We regret to tell you that you owe the bank &100. 我们很遗憾地告诉你，你欠银行100英镑。
第四节、非谓语动词作状语
作状语的非谓语动词为：分词和不定式
1．现在分词和过去分词的区别
1）现在分词表示主动，译为“令人……”；过去分词表示被动，译为“感到…”，这是两者最重要的区别
The weather of this summer is disappointing.
My parents will be disappointed with me if I fail the exam.
描述事物或事情的性质一般用现在分词。
描述人的情感一般用过去分词。
I don’t t hink it surprising for such a bad man to have been punished.
（it指“象这样的坏人受到惩罚”这件事）
There was a surprised expression in her eyes.她的眼里流露出惊讶的神情。（人的表情是情感的具体表现，故应用过去分词来修饰expression）
2）现在分词通常表示动作正在进行；过去分词通常表示动作已完成。
Power stations employ falling water to produce electricity.
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
3．分词表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或补充说明等
a）分词做时间、原因、条件、让步状语的表达形式如下：
doing done
having done S（主语）+ V having been done S（主语）+ V
（主动关系）（被动关系）Not understanding its meaning, he asked the teacher to explain the word.
（表原因：understanding与句子主语he之间是主动关系，同谓语动词asked同时发生）
Having made a decision, they immediately set out to work.
（表时间：make a decision与句子主语之间是主动关系且发生于谓语动词set out之前）
Having been experimented many times, this new product will be put into mass production.
由于这一新产品已实验过多次，不久将投入批量生产。
（表原因：experimented与主语product为被动关系，且先于谓语动词put之前发生）
词作上述状语时，它的位置可置于主句之前，也可置于主语之后。
例：They, having made a decision, set out to work.
选择：The research is so designed that once_____nothing can be done to change it. （02全国）
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
本题考查状语从句的省略，难度较大。若时间、原因、条件和让步状语从句的主语与主句主语相同，且从句部分有be时，可省略从句主语及be。省略后的形式如下：
(1) when（while, until, once, as, if, though等）+ doing 从句谓语动词与主语为主动关系
(2) when（while, until, once, as, if, though等）+ done从句谓语动词与主语为被动关系
表示“某一事件的开始”，begin既可用主动态，也可以用被动态。状语从句表达形式：
（1）Once it beings。这种形式，不具备省略条件。
（2）Once it is begun。具备省略条件（有be）。省略后的形式为：Once begun。
所以本题选D。
b）分词作伴随状语时, 其形式为：（1）doing（2）done。究竟用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于该动作与句子主语是主动还是被动关系
“We can’t going out in this weather,” said Bob, looking out of the window.（04重庆）
The boy sat in the dark room, frightened and trembling.
男孩一个人做在黑洞洞的房间里，吓得浑身发抖。
注意：作伴随状语的分词，与谓语动作同时。这是判断一个动词是否作伴随状语的主要尺度。
请注意下列固定短语在作状语时的表达形式：
Generally speaking 一般地说Strictly speaking 从严格意义上说
Judging from / by …根据…判断Given / Allowing for 考虑
到
Given their inexperience, they have done a good job. 在缺少经验的情况下，他们的工作算是做得不错。
4．不定式用作表目的，结果，方式和形容词原因状语
1）目的
To win over the undecided voters, they are working twice as hard.
为了把尚未拿定主意的选民争取过来，他们正在加倍努力工作。
He got up early not to miss the first bus.（not to也可用so as not to 或in order not to这一强调形式）
2）结果
不定式作结果状语，常见结构有：
too adj / adv to do ; too adj + a + n to do
so adj / adv as to do ; such + n as to do
The boy is too young to dress himself.
He was too shrewd（精明的）a businessman to accept our offer.
他是个非常精明的商人，不会接受我们的开价。
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio ? 请把收音机开小一点。
He can’t have done such a terrible thing as to keep you waiting so long.
他不可能做出这样糟糕的事，让你等这么长的时间。
注意：表示一种事先没有预料的结果，用不定式。不定式前可用only来加强意想不到的语气。如：(04福建卷)The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only to be told the film stars had left. 然而，要表示在事情发展过程中必然会产生的结果，就要用分词来表达。
分词前可加thus, 加强必然的语气。The new machine will work twice as fast, thus greatly reducing costs. 新机器的运转速度提高一倍，因而大大降低了成本。
3）方式状语
结构：S（人，物）be + adj to do
特点（1）句子的主语在逻辑关系上为不定式动作的宾语
（2）形容词为：easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, dangerous 等。
1.Some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn.
有些书读起来很有趣，但学起来很讨厌。
2.The telephone number is easy to remember. 他的电话号码很难记。
3.That man is difficult to deal with. 那个人很难对付。
4.The river is dangerous to swim in.
注意：以上句子，尽管句子的主语和不定式动作为被动关系，但只能用主动形式；若不定式动词为不及物，应加上适当介
词，如例4。
4）形容词原因状语。这类形容词通常是表示情感或评价行为表现的形容词。
I am shocked to hear the news of his sudden death.
You were silly not to have locked your car. (04湖南)
第五节、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的非谓语动词是不定式
．．。
．．．和分词
英语中有相当一批动词必须以不定式作宾语补充语。
My parents don’t allow me to stay out late.
She waited impatiently for him to make up his mind.
这些动词和短语为：
wish, want, ask, require / request（要求）；order, warn（警告）
allow / permit, forbid（禁止）, expect, remind（提醒），encourage, inspire（激励）
call on（号召，要求），depend on, long for sb. to do（渴望）
请特别记住下列动词的宾补形式，表达的意义及判断的依据。
do 宾语与宾补动作为主动关系。
1．make（使）+ O + C
done 宾语与宾补动作为被动关系。
to do 主语与不定式动作为主动关系。
S + be made
done 主语与分词动作为被动关系。
注：句型“O”代表宾语，为名词或代词；“C”代表宾补。
例：Those who won’t work should be made to work. 那些不愿工作的人应强制他们去工作。
He couldn’t make himself heard. 他无法让别人听到他说的话。
2．Keep（leave）+ O + C doing 宾语与宾补动作为主动关系。
（使……处于某种状态）done 宾语与宾补动作为被动关系。
doing 主语与分词动作为主动关系。
S + be + kept（left）
done 主语与分词动作为被动关系。
例：Now students are kept burying themselves in books all day.
现在的学生被迫整天埋头读书。
His work was left undone. 他丢下工作不去干。
3．doing 宾语与宾补动作为主动关系。
find（发现）+ O + C
done 宾语与宾补动作为被动关系。
doing 主语与分词动作为主动关系。
S + be +found
done 主语与分词动作为被动关系。
例：（03全国）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found
smoking in the kitchen.
4．doing 宾语与宾补动作为主动关系with + O + C done 宾语与宾补动作为被动关系
to do（动作未发生）
例：1.He lay on the grassland with his jacket covering his stomach.
他躺在草地上，把上衣盖在肚子上。
2.With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time. （02上海春季）由于很多棘手的问题要解决，那为新当选的总统处境艰难。
5．catch sb. doing ; be caught doing
该句型表示（偶然或突然）撞见、发现。
例：He looked around and caught a man putting his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （04北京春季）他向四周看，突然发
现一个人把手伸进一个旅客的口袋
6．do 宾语与宾补动作为主动关系。让某人做某事。
have（使）+ O + C doing 宾语与宾补动作为主动关系。让某一动作一直在进行。
done 宾语与宾补动作为被动关系。
(表示：1)让某事由别人做。2)表达主语的遭遇。）
例: 1.Whom would you like to have handle the complication problem?
2. Paul had his hand burned seriously while cooking dinner.
保罗在做饭时，手被严重烫伤。
7．to do宾语与宾补动作为主动关系。Get sb to do = have sb. do。
get（使）+ O + C
done宾语与宾补动作为被动关系。get sth done = have sth. done。
例：You’ll never get her to agree.
When are going to get your hair cut ?
8．感官动词hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch, observe, feel 等。
do 宾语与宾补动作是主动关系。该动作全过程已结束，或经常性发生。
hear + O + C doing 宾语与宾补动作是主动关系。该动作正在进行。
done 宾语与宾补动作是被动关系。
to do主语与不定式动作为主动关系。该动作全过程已结束或经常发生
S + be +heard doing主语与分词动作为主动关系。该动作正在进行。
done 主语与分词动作为被动关系。
例：He has never heard her sing so well before.
I didn’t notice you carrying a pack when you came in.
Never before had he felt himself so powerfully attracted to the scientific idea.
改错：
1）Now more talented young people are hoped to go to work in Western China.
A B C
D
2）I demand you all to take your work quite seriously.
A B C D
3）His appearance immediately made all the children becoming excited.
A B C
D
4）This song has never been heard to be sung so well.
A B C D
5）With much work remained to be done, we have to put off the trip until next week.
A B C D
答案：1）B错are hoped → are wished hope sb. to do 典型病句
2）B错to take →（should）take
demand句型：1）demand to do 2）demand that (should)do
3）C错becoming → become 现在分词doing不能做make的宾补。
4）C错to be sung → sung
5）B错remained → remaining。 remain “剩下”是不及物动词，只有主动形式。
注意：以上动词的宾补形式的考查是高考的重点和难点。
第六节、非谓语动词作定语
1．不定式作定语
在三种情况下需用不定式作定语：
1）动作未发生，被修饰的名词在逻辑关系上是不定式动作的宾语。不定式用主动形式还是被动形式，由句子的主语与不定式的逻辑关系决定。
It seems to me that I have nothing to take home to my children.
在我看来今天我们没有东西可以带给孩子了
She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role to play in making the earth a better place to live．（03上海春季）她会告诉我们为什么她强烈地认为在使地球成为更好住处这一点上，我们每个人都有可以发挥的作用。
若作定语的不定式动词为不及物动词，需加适合介词。如：
Now I feel very lonely because I can’t find anyone to talk with.
2）被修饰的词为抽象名词，如need, way, reason, right等，不定式解释其内容。
There is no need to quarrel with him.
Please give your reason to refuse him.
3）被修饰的词，其前有序数词first, second, last, only作定语。
He is always the first（one）to get to school every day.
She was the only one to survive in the air crash. 她是这次空难中唯一的幸存者。
2．分词作定语
以下情况常用分词作定语：
1）被修饰名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，该动作正在进行，或与谓语动作同时进行，或是经常性行为时，用现在分词。
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door reading “sorry to miss you; will call later.”（99全国）
现在分词作定语在意义上相当于一个时态为进行时或一般时的定语从句。
reading“sorry to miss you; will call later.”= which read “sorry to miss you; will call later.”
2）若被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为被动关系，动词采用以下三种形式：
a）动作已发生或为经常性行为，用done。b）若动作正在进行用being done。
c）动作未发生，用to be done。
例1：Many things impossible in the past are common today.
A．considering B．to consider C．considered D．being considered
2：People are talking about the play in two days at the theatre.
A．to perform B．being performed C．performed D．to be performed
例1答案为C。例2答案为D。
非谓语动词练习
一、高考典型考题重现
1. You were silly not your car. (04湖南卷)
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
2. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month ,he had a hard time________ the exam. (04福建卷)
A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing
3. I've worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job. （2000全国）
A．expect ed B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects 4. The old man, _________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (04江苏卷)
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having
worked
5. ______late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (01北京春季)
A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept
6. The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only________ the film stars had left. (04福建卷)
A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told
7. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海卷）
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
8. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ____ as 3M. (04浙江卷)
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
9. Don’t leave the water while you brush your teeth. (04天津卷)
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
10. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better
______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming. (04广东卷)
A. forget
B. forgot
C. forgetting
D. to forget
1-5 BDBDA 6-10 BBBBA
二、提高练习.
1．Did on time make our teacher angry ?
A．she not come B．she not to come C．not her coming D．her not coming
2．I in the quiet countryside instead of in the busy city.
A．feel like living B．would prefer living C．dislike to live D．would rather to
3．You can never imagine what great trouble I have had what he wanted.
A．to do B．doing C．done D．to be doing
4．The students expected there more reviewing classes before the find exam.
A．is B．being C．have been D．to be
5．The time he has devoted in the past ten years ____ the disabled is now considered _____ of great value.
A．to help ; being B．to helping ; to be C．help ; to be D．helping ; being
6．I deeply appreciate the opportunity to go abroad for further study.
A．to give me B．to have given me C．being given D．that I have been given
7．Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed off the mountain.
A．having been blown B．that it had been blown
C．to be blown D．to have been blown 8．The leaders us in our discussion, but owing to more important business they cou ldn’t come.
A．were to join B．would like to join C．intended to join D．were to have joined
9．I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A．to go B．to have gone C．going D．having gone
10．--- How did you find the lecture today ?
--- Very . I doubt if I will come for his lecture next time.
A．inspiring B．surprised C．disappointing D．puzzled
11．___ from heart trouble for years; Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A．Suffered B．Suffering C．Having suffered D．Being suffered
12．_ scores of times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A．Having explained B．Having been explained
C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 13．The sun was shining brightly, everything there more beautiful.
A．making, look B．to make, look C．making, looking D．made, looked
14．She set out soon after dark, home an hour later.
A．arriving B．to arrive C．having arrived D．and arrived
15．The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only the speaker .
A．to find, left B．finding, leaving C．finding, left D．to find, gone
16．As we know, the harder one studies, the more questions he thinks of .
A．asking B．to ask C．being asked D．to be asked
17．The headmaster suggested the student to be given a prize.
A．should refer B．referred C．referring D．would refer
18．--- Who do you want to see at the moment ?
--- The man Mr. Zhang.
A．called himself B．you call him C．calling himself D．is called
19．When first _________ to the market, these product enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduction
C. introduce
D. being introduced
20．Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
21．________with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
22．I don’t know whether you happen _______, but I am going to study in the USA this September.
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard.
23．Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the law got parents _______.
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
24. --- Is this the laundry? I have some clothes_______.
--- Leave them in your room, please, and we are going to fetch them soon.
A. to wash
B. to be washed
C. washed
D. washing
25．With many troublesome problems, such as unemployment and crime _______, the mayor seems to be at a loss.
A.remained to solve
B. remaining to be
solved
C. remained to be solved
D. remaining to solve
26. _______ to the hospital, the injured student was treated without delay and now is out of danger.
A. To rush
B. Rushing
C. Having rushed
D. Rushed
27. --We shall go for a picnic this Sunday morning. Do you have anything _________ then?
--No, I'm free.
A. to plan
B. planned
C. to be planned
D. planning
28. ________ on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower dating back to hundreds of years ago.
A. To stand
B. Having stood
C. Standing
D. Stand
29. The son promised to keep his parents __________ of how he was going on with his studies at college.
A. inform
B. informing
C. informed
D. to inform
30. --- Where is the new teaching building _________ the first-year students to be built?
--- Just behind the old one.
A. to seat
B. to be seated
C. seated
D. seating
31. After the earthquake, no house in the village __________.
A. left standing
B. was left to stand
C. was remained standing
D. remained standing
32. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
33. The young man we followed stopped and looked as if ________
whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. to have seen
C. having seen
D. to see
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高中英语非谓语动词
语法复习十二：非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样，应用广泛，且在句中起着很活跃的作用，也是语法项目中的重点和难点，学好非谓语动词，才能正确进行口语和书 it 所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid,
pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day. 4、疑问词+ 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting. 6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专题训练答案及解析
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专题训练答案及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A．Travel B．Traveling C．Having traveled D．Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 2．The girl is so grateful whenever she remembers my brother and me ____ her from the icy water. A．to have saved B．to save C．saving D．saved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩是有感恩之心的，无论何时她都记得我和我弟弟把她从冰水里救出的情形。固定短语：remember sb. doing sth记得某人做过某事。故C选项正确。 3．He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系，即他让......处于某种状态，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。 4．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
高中英语非谓语动词用法详解及练习(含答案详解)
非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(山东) There is a note pinned to the door ___________ when the shop will open again. A．saying B．says C．said D．having said 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。 【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行；done表被动表完成；to do表目的表将来。 【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化：There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；如：He went to the classroom holding two books； He went to the forest , followed by two dogs. 2．John always gets up early in the morning _____ energetic and ready to start a new day. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：John总是一大早起床，感觉精力充沛并准备开始新的一天。现在分词做伴随状态。故选C。 3．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的男子坟墓。date from表示“追溯到(某一时期)，始于(某一时期)”，a tomb of a man（男子的坟墓）与date from之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词短语作后置定语，若用句子表示二者之间的关系，可以说成A tomb of a man dates from around 2,300 B．C．故选B。 4．(北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.