《2021考研英语必背高频核心词》-独家总结

2021考研英语核心必考词精选

历年真题出现过10次以上的词汇

vt.影响

[真题连线]That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.[1995年阅读5]这种影响到我们后来行为的经历就是回忆，一种常见但意义重大的活动。

process[?pr?uses]n.过程；程序；工序；vt.处理，加工

[真题连线]And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully,Ericssiondetermined, was a process known as deliberate practice.[2007年阅读1]埃里克森认为，最富有成效地编译信息的方法即是有意识练（这种过程）。

tend[tend]vi.趋向，倾向vt.照管，护理

[真题连线]The kind of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family numbers and they tend not to be one-shot deals. [2008年阅读1]女性所要面对的人与人之间的暴力往往发生在家庭环境中，不幸的是，其实施者往往趋向是其父母或其他家庭成员。

project[?pr?d?ekt]n.方案，计划；项目；工程vt.发射，放映；伸出

[真题连线]The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalismcredibility project.[2008年阅读1]该组织正深入进行一个长期的自我剖析过程，即新闻可信度调查项目。

growth[gr?uθ]n.增长；增长量；生长，发展；生长物

[真题连线]The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countriesis widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike.[2009年阅读3]无论是经济学家，抑或是政治学家，普遍误解了在贫穷国家中如何对待正规教育与经济发展之间的关系。professional[pr??fe??n?l]a.娴熟的，专业的n.专业人员

[真题连线]The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and the managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.[2010年阅读B]近些年来，从事职业运动的运动员的身高发生了巨大变化，经理们也乐意于调整队服以适应不断增多的越来越大、越来越高的身躯。intellectual[?inti?lekt?u?l]a.智力的，善于思维的n.知识分子

[真题连线]But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life,we may considerthe original Puritans as carriers of European culture,adjusting to New World circumstances.[2009年阅读4]但为了使我们与南部学术界的研究保持一致，我们可以视最初的清教徒视为欧洲文化的传播者，他们适应了新大陆的环境。

rate[reit]n.进度；比率，率v.评估，评价

[真题连线]At the same time,the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past.[2009年阅读4]与此同时，世界范围内的正常社会变革速度比之过去大大加速了。

economy[i?k?n?mi]n.经济(制度，情况)；节约

[真题连线]Changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.[2004年完型]经济情况的恶化使得年轻人的工作机会减少并且失业率不断上升，总体而言，能挣钱的工作

越来越少。

issue[?isju:]n.问题；vt.分发;流出；颁布，出版

[真题连线]Setting the proper investment level for security,redundancy,and recovery isa management issue,not a technical one.[2007年阅读4]为数据安全、备份及恢复设立恰当的投资标准是一个管理问题，而不是技术问题。

theory[?θi?ri]n.理论，原理；学说；看法

[典型例句]In sum,theory should be combined with practice.

[例句精译]总而言之，理论应该同实践相结合。

thorough[?θ?r?]a.彻底的，完全的；细致的

[典型例句]He had a thorough knowledge of both western and Chinese learning.

[例句精译]他学贯中西。

view[vju:]n.观点；眼界；景色vt.看待；观察

[真题连线]Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.[2007年阅读B]传统而言，此类院校一般视法律的学习为律师所专用的特权，而非将其视作每位受教育之人所应必备的知识才能。

intelligence[in?telid??ns]n.智力，智慧；情报，消息

[真题连线]Clearly,intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.[2007年阅读2]显然，智力所包含的远不止测试中的分数。

social[?s?u??l]a.社会的；交际的

[真题连线]American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.[2009年阅读B]美国社会科学家路易斯.亨利.摩根在19世纪后期引入了另一种文化进化论。

technology[tek?n?l?d?i]n.工艺，技术

evidence[?evid?ns]n.根据，证据；迹象

[真题连线]Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.[2010年阅读C]科学家们匆忙拿出来某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会将我们一切吃光。

inflation[in?flei??n]n.通货膨胀；(充气而)膨胀

[真题连线]It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand.[2002年阅读3]这次（油价上升）并非发生在物价普遍上涨以及全球性需求过度的背景下。

account[??kaunt]n.记述；账(户)；解释vi.说明；（数量，比例上）占

[真题连线]What might account for this strange phenomenon?[2007年阅读1]如何解释这一奇怪现象呢？

risk[risk]n.危险；风险vt.冒…….的危险

[典型例句]All the people who know this secret represent a security risk.[例句精

译]凡是知晓这个秘密的人都有安全危险。

create[kri:?eit]vt.创造；引起，产生

[典型例句]Some people believe that God created the world.

[例句精译]一些人依旧相信创世论。（上帝创造了世界）

data[?deit?]n.数据，资料

decline[di?klain]n/vi.下降，减少，衰退；vt.谢绝，婉拒

[典型例句]The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation;the two keep pace in their downward tendency.

[例句精译]文学的衰落表明一个民族的衰落;这两者在走下坡路的时候是齐头并进的。intend[in?tend]vt.打算，计划

[典型例句]We intend to apply economic sanctions.[例句精

译]我们计划施以经济制裁。

trend[trend]n.趋势，倾向；时新款式，时尚

[典型例句]The general trend under heaven is that there is bound to be unification afterprolonged division and division after prolonged unification

[例句精译]天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。

behavior[bi?heivi?]n.行为，举止；（机器）运转情况

[真题连线]Such behavior is regarded as“all to human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.[2005年阅读1]我们曾认为此种行为仅仅属于人类特有，即潜意识认为其他动物不具备这种高度发达的不满情绪。benefit[?benifit]n.益处v.获益，得益

[真题连线]Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty.[2001年阅读4]目前可以证明这股合并浪潮是利是弊的实例并不多。

ambition[?m?bi??n]n.雄心；野心

[真题连线]If ambition is to be well regarded,the rewards of ambition—wealth,distinction,control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.[2000年阅读5]雄心壮志若是能够被正确看待，那么其回报—财富、名望、权力，则应该被认为值

得为之付出牺牲。

productivity[?pr?d?k?tiviti]n.生产力，生产率

[真题连线]More recently,while examining housing construction,the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston,Texas,consistently metbest-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.[2009年阅读3]最近，研究人员在调查房屋建设时，发现尽管房地产行业的工作十分复杂，在德克萨斯州的休斯顿，那些未受过什么教育的、母语非英语的墨西哥工人总是能达到最佳的劳动力生产标准。

spot[sp?t]n.地点；斑点，污点vt.认出；玷污

[真题连线]Hot spots,anchored in the deeper layers of the earth,provide themeasuring instruments needed to resolve the question.[1998年阅读5]位于地球深层结构的“热点”地区，为解决这一问题提供了测量工具。

available[??veil?b?l]a.可利用的，可得到的

[真题连线]The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals aside from the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger offire.[2005年完型]大脑发现最好利用（现成的）嗅觉感受器去感知不熟悉的和紧急的信息，例如，烟的味道，那往往预示着火灾的危险。

community[k??mju:niti]n.社会，团体；界；群落；社区

[真题连线]Many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate hasbeen fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged thephysical agony of dying.[2002年阅读4]许多医疗界人士承认，致使医助自杀这场争论升温的原因部分在于病人们的绝望情绪，对这些病人而言，现代医学延长了临终前肉体上的痛苦。concept[?k?nsept]n.概念，观念

[真题连线]For any job search,you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it.[2004年阅读1]不管寻找何种工作，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想做什么工作，然后加以扩展。

contrast[?k?ntrɑ:st]n.对比v.形成对比，对照

[典型例句]The coastal areas have mild winters,but by contrast the central plainsbecome extremely cold.

[例句精译]沿海地区的冬天天气暖和，可是相比之下中部平原却异常寒冷。

federal[?fed?r?l]a.联邦的，联邦政府的

[真题连线]To help homeless people toward independence,the federal government must support job training program,raise the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.[2006年完型]为了帮助无家可归者走向独立，联邦政府必须支持职业培训课程，提高基本工资，建设更多的低价住房。

management[?m?nid?m?nt]n.管理，经营；管理部门

[典型例句]If labor and management don't reach an accommodation there will be astrike[例句精译]若是劳资双方再达不成协议，罢工将不可避免。

advantage[?d?vɑ:ntid?]n.优点,有利条件(因素)；好处

function[?f??k??n]n.功能；函数vi.运行，起作用

[真题连线]Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffusestress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.[2008年阅读1]爱尔沃瑞茨的经历表明，要在压力威胁到你的健康和机能之前找到方法疏导它，这一点很重要。

industrial[in?d?stri?l]a.工业的，产业的

[真题连线]Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere2.3％last year, close to its lowest level in30years,before rising slightly to2.5％this July.[1997年阅读5]七大工业国去年的平均通货膨胀率将至仅2.3％，接近30年来的最低水平，今年七月略微升至2.5％。

involve[in?v?lv]vt.使卷入，陷入，使参与

[真题连线]Deliberate practice entails more that simply repeating a task.Rather,it involvessetting specific goals,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.[2007年阅读1]有意练习需要的不只是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它涉及到确定明确的目标、获得即时反馈以及注重方法与结果。

species[?spi:?i:z]n.种，类；物种

[真题连线]Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount ofliving biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.[2006年阅读3]其目的并非试图估计海洋中某区域鱼类物种之数量（活的生物物种数量），而是生物总量历年所发生的变化。

structure[?str?kt??]n.结构，构造；建筑物vt.构造，建造

[真题连线]The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connections with the process of thought.[2004年阅读C]希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程之间存在某种联系。ability[??biliti]n.能力，本领；才能，才智

[真题连线]Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffusestress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.[2008年阅读1]爱尔沃瑞茨的经历表明，要在压力威胁到你的健康和机能之前找到方法疏导它，这一点很重要。environment[in?vai?r?nm?nt]n.环境，周围状况

[真题连线]A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.[2011年阅读2]动荡不安的商业环境也使得高级经理们谨小慎微，以免模糊表态影响声誉。

essential[i?sen??l]a.必不可少的；本质的n.[pl.]要素，必需品

[真题连线]We must pour out a large stream of essential words,unhampered by stops,or qualifying adjectives,or finite verbs.[2000年阅读3]我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号、修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。

evolution[?i:v??lu:??n]n.演变，进化，发展

[真题连线]Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:they“look at anorganic as a savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”[2000年阅读2]

对于那些对进化一无所知的人，达尔文曾经用一句话来描述他们；“他们看有机的生命如同野人看船一样，仿佛是在看某种完全无法理解的东西”。

likely[?laikli]a.可能的，有希望的ad.可能

moreover[m?:?r?uv?]ad.而且，此外

potential[p??ten??l]a.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能

[真题连线]When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in turn afford more education.[2009年阅读3]当这种竞争环境迫使先人们达到这种潜力时，他们才有能力来接受更多的教育。

principle[?prins?pl]n.原则，原理；信条

[真题连线]Since the days of Aristotle,a search for universal principles has characterizedthe scientific enterprise.[2012年阅读C]自亚里士多德之时起，对于宇宙定律的探索便一直是科学事业的重要特征。

reveal[ri?vi:l]vt.揭露；展现，显示

[真题连线]Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nationearly leaders‘and the fragile nature of the country‘s infancy.[2008年阅读4]几位历史学家的著作揭示了美国国父们在道德方面所做的妥协，以及建国伊始国家的脆弱本质。

stress[stres]n.压力；重音；强调vt.强调

[真题连线]Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.[2008年阅读1]男人走上战场，承受着战斗的压力。男性承受更多随机的身体上的暴力行为。

billion[?bilj?n]n.十亿

cater[?keit?]vi.迎合；提供饮食及服务[典型例句]

It is difficult to cater for all tastes.[例句精译]众口

难调。

fund[f?nd]n.基金；现款vt.为……提供资金

[真题连线]To help homeless people toward independence,the federal government must support job training programs,raise the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.[2006年完型]

为了帮助无家可归者走向独立，联邦政府必须支持就业培训项目、提高最低工资并资助建设更多低价住房。

individual[?indi?vid?u?l]a.单独的，个人的n.个人，个体

[真题连线]Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.[2006阅读3]由于没有使用带饵的鱼钩来诱捕，有些鱼（类）可能会因此逃生，所以会导致对过去鱼类数量的低估。

mass[m?s]n.大量；团，块；[pl.]群众；质量

[真题连线]In the West,before mass communication and literacy,the most powerful massmedium was the Church.[2000年阅读2]在西方，在大众传媒和文学普及之前，最强势的大众媒介便是教堂。

obvious[??bvi?s]a.显然的，明显的

[典型例句]All great truths are obvious truths；But no all obvious truths are great truths.[例句精译]伟大的真理都是明摆着的事实,但并不是所有显而易见的事实都是伟大的真理。policy [?p?l?si]n.政策，方针；保险单

[真题连线]With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.[2005年阅读2]随着这种很显而易见风险的不断增加，一个审慎的民族现在便应该准备一份保险单了。

responsible[ri?sp?ns?b?l]a.需承担责任的；有责任感的；重要的

[典型例句]Who's responsible for the terrible mess?

[例句精译]谁应该对这种混乱负责任？

commercial[k??m?:??l]a.商业(性)的n.商业广告

conduct[?k?nd?kt,?k?nd?kt]vt.管理；指挥；输送n.行为；管理(方式)

[典型例句]As an artist's son he did not consider himself constrained by the same rules ofsocial conduct as other people.

[例句精译]他认为自己是艺术家的儿子，不必像其他人那样接受社会准则的约束。

dam[d?m]n.水坝，水堤

[真题连线]The lesson from dam is that big is not always beautiful.It does not help that building a big,powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.[1998年阅读1]我们自建造大坝得出的教训是：大的未必总是美的。但这个教训依旧无法阻止那些力争得到自我肯定的国家和人民这样认为：修建雄伟的大坝已成为其伟大成就的象征。

debate[di?beit]n.／v.辩论，争论

[真题连线]At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin,56,who took over for the late Steve Ross in1992.[1997年阅读4]位于这场争论中心的是公司主席杰拉德，他于1992年从已故主席史蒂夫.罗斯手中接过这一重任。

directly[di?rektli]ad.直接地；立即

draft[drɑ:ft]n.草稿；汇票；征兵vt.起草；征募

[真题连线]The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable andsit, stand up,or lie down to write.[2008年阅读B]只有你不再逃避那些无可逃避之事时，那么无论你是坐着、站着，甚或是躺着写，初稿都会跃然之上。

feature[?fi:t??]n.特征，特色vt.突出，由……主演

[真题连线]It is an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location,title,and salary,then e-mails them when a matching position is posed in the database.[2004年阅读1]它具有互动的功能，允许访问者键入诸如地点、职称和薪水等要求，等数据库出现了合适职位便以电子邮件通知。

former[?f?:m?]a.在前的，以前的n.[the～]前者

[真题连线]In the former case the education is incidental;it is natural and important,but it is not the express reason of the association.[2009年阅读B]对于前者而言，教育是偶然的，自然并且重要，但它不是这种联系存在的特别的理由。

humor[?hju:m?]n.幽默（感）；心情vt.迁就

[真题连线]Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.[2002年阅读1]考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些你能改变的词汇和句子，将幽默注入其中。

local[?l?uk?l]a.地方性的，当地的；局部的

[真题连线]The townsfolk don not see it this way and local council does not contribute directlyto the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.[2006年阅读2]小镇居民不以为然，地方议会也不直接给予皇家莎士比亚剧团补助。

panel[?p?nl]n专门小组；控制板，仪表盘

[真题连线]The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question,however,whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.[1999年阅读4]该小组在一个关键问题上尚存争议，即是否建议立法机关将私人资金用于克隆人的行为视作犯罪。

predict[pri?dikt]vt.预言，预测，预告

[真题连线]Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.[2003年阅读1]上周他的公司忙于从世界各个遥远的角落搜集零散的数据，以预测乌克兰可能出现的危机。

purchase[?p?:t??s]vt.买，购买n.购买，购买的物品

[典型例句]Sell not virtue to purchase wealth,nor liberty to purchase power.[例句

精译]勿以美德换财富;勿以自由换权力。

religion[ri?lid??n]n宗教信仰；信条，信念

[真题连线]Meanwhile,many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s,as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion.[2009年阅读4]与此同时，许多人并不似戴恩一样如此信奉宗教，正如一位牧师的经验之谈：在海边与人攀谈时，渔民嘲弄他说，他们可不是为了宗教才来到新大陆。

security[si?kju?riti]n安全，安定，保证

[典型例句]we are all concerned for the security of the passenger on the ship.[例句精译]我们都很担心船上乘客的安全。

shift[?ift]v.转移；转换n.转换；轮班

[典型例句]I can not believe in you，for you are always constantly shifting your position.[例句精译]我无法信任你，因为你的立场时时刻刻都在转变。

strategy[?str?t?d?i]n战略，策略

[典型例句]The essence of all good strategy is simplicity.

[例句精译]一切优秀战略，其精髓无非是简单二字。

argument[?ɑ:ɡju:m?nt]n辩论；论点，论据

[典型例句]There are some good arguments for a technical education given to the right kind of students.

[例句精译]有充分论据可以说明，对合适的学生进行职业教育是必须的。

avoid[??v?id]vt.避免，预防

[典型例句]In dealing with strangers the rule for British society is that you must avoid staring at them but at the same time avoid ignoring them.

[例句精译]在英国社会，与陌生人打交道时要避免直盯着别人，与此同时，也要避免让别人产生被忽视的感觉。

boom[bu:m]n.隆隆声；繁荣vi.发出隆隆声；迅速增长

[真题连线]Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,which

investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.[2004年阅读3]诚然，很多消费者似乎一直受到股票市场波动的影响，投资者却视之为持续繁荣的必要因素。democracy [di?m?kr?si]n.民主，民主制；民主国家

[典型例句]Democracy is a bulwark of freedom.

[例句精译]民主是自由之基石。

discipline[?disiplin]n.学科；纪律vt.\n.训练；惩罚

[典型例句]You are committed to further study in your current discipline.[例句精译]

你目前所从事的学科要求你必须深造。

nerve[n?:v]n.神经；勇气；敏感处

[典型例句]She had the nerve to say he was wrong.[例句精

译]她敢于直指他的错误，真是有勇气。powerful

[?pau?f?l]a.强大的，有权力的；强壮的

[典型例句]We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and apowerful navy.

[例句精译]我们不仅将建设一支强大的陆军，还要建设一支强大的空军和海军。

profit[?pr?fit]vt.有益于vi.得益n.利益；收益

[典型例句]we hope our proposals will profit you.

[例句精译]希望我们的建议对你有所裨益。

analysis[??n?l?sis]n.分析，分析报告

[真题连线]Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research—a classical case of “paralysis by analysis”.[2005年阅读2]与此相反，他们依旧要求做进一步研究，这是一种典型的“只说不做，最终误事”的行为。

历年真题出现过5-10次以上的词汇

将…上诉；吸引

[真题连线]If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education,its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.[2007年阅读C]若是法学正在开始成为普通教育的重要组成部分的话，那么其目标和方法理应即刻吸引新闻学教育者。

capacity[k??p?siti]n.容量；才能，能力；身份，职位

[典型例句]I do not believe in equality of capacity,but I do believe in equality of opportunity.[例句精译]我虽不相信能力均等，但我相信机会均等。

challenge[?t??lind?]n.挑战，质问；难题vt.向…挑战，质疑

[真题连线]In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,“Unitedwe stand,divided we fall.”[2005年阅读C]直面如此规模的挑战，毫不夸张地说“联合则立，分裂则废”.

complex[?k?mpleks]a.复合的；复杂的n.综合体，建筑群

[典型例句]That is a complex issue，but he solved it so easy.

[例句精译]那是个异常复杂的问题，可他轻易就解决了。

creative[kri:?eitiv]a.创造(性)的，有创造力的

[真题连线]Intellect is the critical,creative,and the contemplative side of the mind.[2004年阅读4]才智指的是人们精神世界中具有批评性、创造性、思考性的一面。

current[?k?r?nt]a.当前的；流行的n.目前；电流；趋势

[真题连线]the current state of affairs may have been encouraged though not justified.[2004年阅读4]如今的这种状况虽不合理，但仍有可能继续加剧。

element[?elim?nt]n.元素，要素；基础；纲要[典型例句]

It is out of my element in political discussions.[例句精译]

政治问题不属于我的讨论范围。

emphasis[?emf?sis]n.强调，重点

[典型例句]Our English course places great emphasis on writing skills.[例句精

译]我们的英语课程十分重视写作技能。

establish[i?st?bli?]vt.建立，创办；确定，证实

[典型例句]Jin Yong's first novel established his fame as a novelist.

[例句精译]金庸的第一部小说就奠定了其小说家的地位。

extend[ik?stend]vt.延伸，延长；提供

[典型例句]Time is over,I can not extend anymore.[例句

精译]时间已经结束了，我已无法再拖延了。global

[?gl?ub?l]a.全球的，全世界的；总的，完整的

[典型例句]He took a global view of the book in the bookreview.

[例句精译]他在书评中给出了全面评价。

indicate[?indikeit]vt.标示，指示；表明，示意

[真题连线]The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar andemergency signals such as the smell of smoke.Which might indicate the danger of fire.[2005年完型]大脑使得气味接收器随时待命，准备接受不熟悉以及危急信号，比如意味着火灾危险的烟雾味。justify[?d??stifai]vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

[典型例句]There is no need to justify my action to you.

[例句精译]我没有必要向你解释我行为的合理性。

obtain[?b?tein]vt.获得，得到vi.通用，流行

[典型例句]In some parts of the world,people still can not obtain enough food.

[例句精译]在世界的某些地区，人们依旧无法获得足够的食物。

phenomenon[fi?n?m?n?n]n.现象；非凡的人，特殊的事物

[典型例句]What they called prosperity is only a temporaryphenomenon.[例句

精译]他们所称的繁荣无非是一个暂时的现象。

physical[?fizik?l]a.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的

[典型例句]It is his right to know his physical condition.

[例句精译]他有权利了解自己的身体状况。

procedure[pr??si:d??]n.程序，手续，步骤

[真题连线]But do not bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain,they are there to stay.[2009年阅读1]不要试图消除一切旧的习惯，这些惯有程序一旦进入大脑，便会留在其中。

reflect[ri?flekt]v.反映；反射；深思，反省

[真题连线]McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.[2011年阅读2]麦吉说，离开时并没有确定要做的工作，使得他有充分的时间来思考究竟想要经营什么样的公司。

requirement[ri?kwai?m?nt]n.要求，必要条件；需要，需要的东西

[典型例句]you should notice that our requirement is reasonable.[例

句精译]你应该意识到我们的要求是合理的。

source[s?:s]n.源(泉)，发源地；来源，出处[典型例

句]Envy is the source of discord and worry.[例句精译]

嫉妒是不和与烦恼的根源。

status[?steit?s]n.地位，身份；情形，状况

[真题连线]Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.[1998年阅读1]在土耳其力图跻身第一世界(地位）的诸多努力中，阿塔特克大坝也是其中重要一环。unique[ju:?ni:k]a.唯一的，独一无二的；极不寻常的

[真题连线]The culture of any society must be understood as the results of a unique history andnot as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.[2009年阅读B]任何一种社会文化，均应视为源自一种独特历史，而非源自那些更为广泛进化阶段或文化类型之一。

universe[?ju:niv?:s]n.宇宙，世界；领域，范围[典型

例句]Everyone is the center of his own universe.[例句精

译]人人均是自己的王。

abuse[??bju:z]n.vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂,诽谤

drug abuse药物滥用[1997年阅读3]

adult[??d?lt,??d?lt]n.成年人(或动物)a.成年(人)的，已成熟的

[典型例句]We should do our best to develop the adult education.

[例句精译]我们应该尽最大努力来发展成人教育。

approach[??pr?ut?]v.靠近；应对n.接近;途径,方法

[真题连线]In physics,one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme,and seeksa theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.[2012年阅读C]在物理学领域，有一种方法将此种对统一性的要求推向了极致，它试图探寻一个最基本的公式以解释一切。appropriate[??pr?upri-it]a.(适)恰当的vt.侵吞;拨出...供专用

[真题连线]As a result of all these factors,governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. [2012年阅读C]因为这些因素，政府正越来越依靠生物学家及社会科学家来安排适当的规划，并将其付诸实施。

attain[??tein]vt.达到，获得

[真题连线]When a mew movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find outwhat its advocates are aiming at.[2000年阅读3]若是一场新的艺术运动形成了某种时尚，那么弄清其倡导者目的所在便是理所应当。

background[?b?kgraund]n.出身背景，经历；(画等的)背景

[真题连线]It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and global excess demand.[2002年阅读3]这次（油价上升）并非发生在物价普遍上涨以及全球性需求过度的背景下。

career[k??ri?]n.生涯；职业

[典型例句]To get married,she gave up her career.[例句

精译]为了婚姻，她放弃了自己的事业。

comment[?k?ment]n.评论，意见；闲话，议论v.评论

[真题连线]On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.[2007年阅读C]另一方面，如同记者每天将现实与其报道、评论的新闻联系起来一样，法律将这些概念（公正、民主、自由）与日常实践联系在一起。

critic[?kritik]n.批评家，评论家

[典型例句]Pay no attention to what the critic say;there have never be set up a statue In honor ofa critic.

[例句精译]不要理会那些批评家的胡说八道，世上从没有一座塑像是为纪念批评家而立。educate[?edju(:)keit]vt.教育；培养，训练

[典型例句]The school we want to build is the one not only teach,but also educateits students.

[例句精译]我们所想要建的学校，不仅是教书，更应该是个育人之所在。

entail[in?teil]vt.使承担，使成为必要；需要

[真题连线]It is becoming less clear,however,that such a theory would be a simplification,given the dimensions and universes that it might entail,nonetheless,unification of sorts remains amajor goal.[2012年阅读C]它渐渐变得不那么清楚，然而若是给予所需的维度和范围，这种理论便可成为一种简化式。尽管如此，“统一性”仍是人们研究的主要方向。

exchange[iks?t?eind?]n.交换；兑换，兑换率vt.调换；交流；兑换

[真题连线]The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange token for food.[2005年阅读1]研究人员花了两年时间才教会了猴子用代币换取食品。

focus[?f?uk?s]v.(on)聚集；关注n.焦点，焦距；（活动、兴趣）中心

[真题连线]Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:artists job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.[2006年阅读4]有许多事情使得人们认为艺术家行为怪异，其中最怪异者当首推此事：艺术家的惟一职责是探索情感，但他们只选择关注那些负面情感。

grant[grɑ:nt]n.拨款；同意；承认vt.授予，给予；

[真题连线]Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.[2010年阅读3]在过去的十年间，成千上万的专利被授予了那些所谓的商业方法。

highly[?haili]ad.高度地；非常

[典型例句]Soldiers highly valued in courage,not highly valued in numbers.[例

句精译]兵贵乎勇而不贵乎多。

historical[his?t?rik?l]a.历史(上)的，史学的

[典型例句]we have little historical evidence about the life of Buddha.[例句精译]

关于佛祖的生平，我们历史证据很有限。

independent[?indi?pend?nt]a.独立的，自主的；中立的，公正的；无关的[典型例句]

You are18years old,you should learn to be independent of parents'help.[例句精译]你

已经18岁了，应该学着独立，不要依靠父母的资助。

inevitable[i?nevit?b?l]a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的；惯常的

[真题连线]It is said that in England death is pressing,in Canada inevitable and in California optional.[2003年阅读4]据说死亡在英国迫在眉睫，在加拿大无可避免，在加利福尼亚却只是一种选择。

infer[in?f?:]vt.推论，推断

[典型例句]I could infer that my suggestion has been accepted.

[例句精译]可以推测出，我的建议已经被接受了。

insurance[in??u?r?ns]n.保险，保险费

unemployment insurance and disability insurance失业险及伤残险[2007年考研阅读3] interior[in?ti?ri?]n.内部，内地a.内部(地)的；国内的

[真题连线]On the contrary,many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.[1998年阅读5]相反，许多热点位于板块较深的内部。

oppose[??p?uz]vt.反对，反抗

[真题连线]Similarly,some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products,even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.[2010年阅读2]同样，一些华尔街投资公司尽管在法庭上反对金融产品专利，但他们自身也同样拥有许多这种专利。

optimistic[??pti?mistik]a.乐观(主义)的

[典型例句]A gentleman is open-minded and optimistic;a small person is narrow-mindedand pessimistic.

[例句精译]君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。

扩充optim（最佳）pessim（最糟）

optimism n.乐观（主义）pessimism n.悲观（主义）

optimist n.乐观（主义）者pessimist n.悲观（主义）者

optimistic a.乐观（主义）的pessimistic a.悲观（主义）的organization[??:g?nai?zei??n]n.团体，机构；组织

[典型例句]This charity is a nonprofit organization.

[例句精译]这个慈善团体是个非盈利组织。

private[?praivit]a.私人的；秘密的；私立(营)的

[典型例句]A bill……which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.]

[例句精译]这项议案意在从经济上鼓励私企，这是一个良好的开端。

prospect[?pr?spekt,pr?s?pekt]n.前景；景象；vt.勘探

[真题连线]Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote.[2010年阅读1]卡杜斯之类的评论作品还有可能重新流行吗？我们觉得前景渺茫。pursuit[p??sju:t]n.追求；追逐；嗜好，消遣

扩充pursue vt.继续，从事；追赶，追踪；追求→pursuit n

[真题连线]Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right and said hewas leaving“to pursue my goal of running a company”.[2011年阅读2]他并没有用一些很模糊的官方理由来掩饰自己离开的缘由，而是很坦诚地讲“自己离开就是为了追求自己经营公司的目标。”

relationship[ri?lei??n?ip]n.关系，关联

[典型例句]In view of your long-standing relationship,I could not trustyou.[例

句精译]考虑到你们之间的长期关系，我无法信任你。

sensitive[?sensitiv]a.敏感的；神经过敏的；易受伤害的

[真题连线]Few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitivepersonal data get into the wrong hands.[2007年阅读4]在毁掉对一个公司的信任方面，公司让敏感的个人数据流入别有用心之人手中可能是最具杀伤力的。

specific[spi?sifik]a.特定的；具体的n.[pl.]详情，细节

[真题连线]Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto thescreen comes there by specific request.[2007年阅读4]网上文化推崇这样一种理念：首先应是专门请求，然后这些信息才应该映入屏幕。

stock[st?k,stɑk]n.库存；股票；v.储备a.常用的

[典型例句]I have lots of experience in the stock market，you can trust me.

[例句精译]对于股票市场我经验丰富，你大可信任我。

suicide[?su:isaid]n.自杀；自取灭亡

[真题连线]Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of“double effect”.[2002年阅读4]尽管裁决认定，宪法并未赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，但其却认可“双效”医疗原则。

threaten[?θretn]v.威胁，构成威胁，有…危险；是…的征兆

[典型例句]Hegemonism threatens world peace.

[例句精译]霸权主义威胁着世界和平。

title[?taitl]n.题目；称号，头衔；权益，权利

[典型例句]What really counts in our lives is not money or title or possessions,but the way we love others.

[例句精译]生命中真正有价值的不是金钱、称号或财产，而是我们爱别人的方式。tradition[tr??di??n]n.传统，惯例

[典型例句]We have a fine tradition of respecting elderly people.

[例句精译]我们有尊老的优良传统。

abandon[??b?nd?n]vt.离弃，丢弃；遗弃，抛弃；放弃

[典型例句]Abandon religion and discard cleverness,and people will benefit a hundredfold；abandon humanity and discard morality,and people will rediscover love and duty；abandonskill and discard profit,and there will be no thieves or robbers.

[例句精译]绝圣弃智,民利百倍;绝仁弃义,民复孝慈;绝巧弃利,盗贼无有。

alter[??:lt?]v.改变，变更

[真题连线]An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter workers behavior by itself.[2010年完型]只要工人们可以意识到他们被当做实验对象，这种意识本身便足以改变他们的行为。

ban[b?n]v\n.禁止，禁令

[真题连线]But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law thatwould impose a complete ban on human cloning.在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令禁止克隆人这一问题上，他们存在分歧。

commit[k??mit]vt.犯(错误等);献身于，使承担（义务）；调拨

[典型例句]They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorestnations.

[例句精译]他们要求西方国家承担起更多对贫穷国家的资金援助。链接：commission n.委员会；委托，手续费

commitment n.委托事项，许诺

committee n.委员会

conservative[k?n?s?:v?tiv]a.保守的，守旧的；传统的n.保守主义者

[典型例句]The committee is of a conservative bias.

[例句精译]委员会有一种保守的偏见。链接：

conservative→conservation保存，保护consumption

[k?n?s?mp??n]n.消耗量；消耗，消费

[真题连线]People are absorbed into“a culture of consumption”launched by the19th-century department stores.[2006年阅读1]人们被吸引入19世纪百货商店所发起的“消费文化”运动。contribute[k?n?tribju:t]vi.捐款，贡献；(to)有助于；投稿vt.捐献

[真题连线]The townsfolk don not see it this way and local council does not contribute directlyto the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.[2006年阅读2]小镇居民不以为然，地方议会也不直接给予皇家莎士比亚剧团补助。

crude[kru:d]a.粗鲁(俗)的；天然的；生的

[真题连线]In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s.[2002年阅读3]比之于20世纪70年代，如今大多数国家原油价格只是汽油价格很小的一个组成部分。

distinction[di?sti?k??n]n.差别；区分；优秀

[真题连线]No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science. [2001年阅读1]就科学界而言，专业人员与业余人员之间并无明显（区别）。domestic[d??mestik]a.国内的；家(庭)的，家用的；驯养的

[真题连线]The kind of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family numbers and they tend not to be one-shot deals. [2008年阅读1]女性所要面对的人与人之间的暴力往往发生在家庭环境中，不幸的是，其实施者是其父母或其他家庭成员。

employer[im?pl?i?]n.雇佣者，雇主

[典型例句]He sued his employer for wrongful dismissal.

[例句精译]他控告雇主非法解雇他。

giant[?d?ai?nt]n.巨人；才智超群的人a.巨大的

[典型例句]The dwarf sees farther than the giant,when he has the giant's shoulder to mount on.[例句精译]侏儒站在巨人的肩膀上，可以比巨人看得更远。

infrastructure[?infr??str?kt??]n.基础结构，基础设施

[真题连线]When the United States built its industrial infrastructure,it did not have the capitalto do so.[2001年阅读2]当初美国建设自身工业基础设施时，同样没有足够的资金。

injury[?ind??ri]n.损害，伤害；受伤处[典型例

句]An injury to one is an injury to all.[例句精译]

伤吾一人，即是辱吾全体。

journal[?d??:n?l]n.杂志，期刊，日报；日志，日记

[真题连线]As a logical consequences of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership.[2001年阅读1]如此发展的必然结果便是定然会出现分别针对专业读者和业余读者的杂志。

liability[?lai??biliti]n.责任；负债，债务；不利条件

[典型例句]Make sure your liabilities would not exceed your assets,or you might go bankrupt.[例句精译]要确保你的资产超过你的负债额度，否则你就要破产了。

originate[??rid?ineit]vi.起源于，来自vt.创始，开创

[真题连线]British anthropologists Smith and Perry incorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information,that farming,pottery making,and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.英国人类学家史密斯及佩里由于所依据资料不足，得出错误观点：他们认为，农业、陶器制作、冶金技术等，均是源于古埃及，此后扩散到世界各地。

poverty[?p?v?ti]n.贫穷，贫困

[典型例句]Poverty is not socialism.

[例句精译]贫穷不是社会主义。

pressure[?pre??]n.压(力)，压强；压迫vt.迫使；对…施加压力

[真题连线]The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.[2010年阅读4]IASB表示，在缺乏整体规划的情况下并不想贸然行动，但又面临着于年底完成准则重建的巨大压力。psychology[sai?k?l?d?i]n.心理学

[真题连线]“It is your dream,”says R.C,chair of psychology atChicago's Medical center,“If you do not like it,change it.”[2005年阅读3]芝加哥医疗中心心理学系主任R.C说道：“梦是你自己的，如果你不喜欢，就改变它。”

puzzle[?p?zl]v.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题[典型例

句]Her reply puzzled me.

[例句精译]她的回答迷惑了我。

racial[?rei??l]a.人种的；种族的

[典型例句]Genuine racial equality still seems light-years away inAmerica.[例

句精译]在美国，真正的种族平等还遥遥无期。

radical[?r?dik?l]a.根(基)本的；激进(派)的n.激进分子[典型例

句]A radical is a man with both feet firmly planted in the air.[例句精

译]激进分子就是一众不切实际之徒。

range[reind?]n.一系列；幅度vi.变动；涉及vt.排成行

[真题连线]There is a new gold rush happening in the＄4million to＄10million range dollars in Manhattan,predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses.[2004年阅读3]在曼哈顿出现了额度在四百万至一千万美元的淘金热，其资金来源以华尔街股票红利为主。

respond[ri?sp?nd]vi.回答，答复；(to)作出反应，响应

[真题连线]Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose argumentsare confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in the health knowledge and care.[2003年阅读2]科学家有必要强力回击那些动物权利鼓吹者，因为他们的言论混淆视听，并威胁到了

卫生知识及医疗服务方面的进步。

responsibility[?risp?ns??biliti]n.责任，责任心；职责，义务[典

型例句]Maybe it is not your fault,but it is your responsibility.[例

句精译]也许这不是你的错，但也有你的责任。

series[?si?ri:z]n.一系列，连续；丛书，连续剧

[真题连线]They sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephoneparts factory.他们派出两位工程师去一个电话零部件厂指导一系列的实验。

withdraw[wie?dr?:]v.收回，缩回；撤销，撤退

[典型例句]The five-star general refused to withdraw his troops.[例

句精译]五星上将拒不撤回军队。

affect[??fekt]v.影响；感动

[典型例句]Effects that affect you also affect others.[例句精

译]影响到你的效果同样会影响到其他人。aggressive

[??gresiv]a.侵犯(略)的,挑衅的；敢做敢为的

[真题连线]Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hopein the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.[2004年阅读5]由于不能治愈疾病，同时又担心病人失去希望，医生往往便会采取极端大胆的治疗手段，而这些手段已远远超出了科学能够认同的界限。

amount[??maunt]n.数(量)；总额vi.(to)合计；等同[典型

例句]Turn away a dying man amounts to murder.

[例句精译]见死不救等同于谋杀。

aspect[??spekt]n.方面；面貌,外观

[真题连线]Other standardized tests,such as the SAT and the GRE,capture the main aspects of IQ tests.[2007年阅读2]其他诸如SAT及GRE等标准化考试，也借鉴了智商测试的主要方面。basis[?beisis]n.基础，根据，原则

[典型例句]His research formed the basis of his new book.

[例句精译]他的相关研究成果是这本新书的基础。

behalf[bi?hɑ:f]n.利益，方面；代表某人；为了某人

[典型例句]He has returned honorably from a mission on behalf of his country.[例句精译]

他已为国完成使命，载誉归来。

blueprint[?blu:?print]n.蓝图

[典型例句]They have drawn up a blueprint for development in the next five years.[例句

精译]他们已经规划好了五年发展蓝图。

census[?sens?s]n.人口普查，统计

[真题连线]The1990Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English‘well’or‘very well’after ten years of residence.”[2006年阅读1]1990年的人口普查显示“来自15个常见移民国家的大多数人在定居十年后英语说得‘好’或‘非常好’。

confuse[k?n?fju:z]vt.使困惑；混淆，混乱；[典型例

句]I am confused with so many files on the table.[例句精

译]我被桌子上的众多文件搞糊涂了。constitute

[?k?nstitju:t]vt.组成，构成；设立，任命

[真题连线]“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,”to the extent that it constitutes“systematic patient abuse.”[2002年阅读4]很多医生放任病人承受毫无必要、可预见的痛苦，乃至于已构成“蓄意虐待病人”。

conventional[k?n?ven??n?l]a.普通的，常规的；传统的，因循守旧的

[典型例句]This TV ends with the conventional happy ending.[例句精译]

这部电视剧以一种常见的大团圆式结局结束了。

critical[?kritik?l]a.决定性的，关键性的，危急的；批评(判)的

[真题连线]They found that the principal requirement for what is called global is the presence not of a few influential but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.[2010年阅读3]他们发现，所谓的全球传播，其基本必要条件并非是一些名人，而是一些容易影响他人的关键性的普通人。

criticize[?kritisaiz]vt.批评，批判；评论，评价

[典型例句]You can ill afford to criticize others when you behave so badly yourself.[例句

精译]自身行为不端，不宜批评他人。

crucial[?kru:?i?l]a.至关重要的，决定性的

[典型例句]At the crucial moment,he showed great foresight and turned back the powers of darkness.

[例句精译]他力挽狂澜。

cycle[?saik?l]n.周期；循环vi.循环

[典型例句]The business cycle is experiencing a sudden down.[例句精

译]商业周期正在经历萧条期。

define[di?fain]vt.给…下定义，解释；限定，规定

[真题连线]Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so theirwork tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.[2001年阅读3]记者属于被定义为社会文化精英的一部分，因此他们的工作往往反映了这些精英传统的价值观。链接：

define→definition n.定义；清晰（度），鲜明（度）high definition高清晰度demonstrate [?dem?nstreit]vt.论证；说明，演示vi.示威游行(或集会)

[典型例句]The workers demonstrated for better working conditions.[例

句精译]工人们示威要求改善工作环境。

dependent[di?pend?nt]a.依靠的，依赖的；取决于…的

[真题连线]Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were,and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.[2002年阅读3]发达国家不似从前对石油有那么大依赖性，因此对油价波动便不会那么敏感。

digital[?did?itl]a.数字的，数字显示的

[真题连线]Digital era will have arrived.[2001年阅读C]数字化时代就到来了。

dose[d?us]n.(一次)剂量，一剂，一份[典型例

句]Give him the dose of his own medicine.[例句

精译]以其人之道还治其人之身。economic

[?i:k??n?mik]a.经济(上，学)的

[真题连线]We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the developmentof education even when governments don not force it.我们必须意识到，经济的持续发展定会促进教育的发展，即使不存在政府的强制推动。

链接：economic→economics n.经济学；经济状况，经济因素，经济意义

elite[ei?li:t]n.[总称]上层人士，实力集团；精英

[真题连线]Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite,so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.[2001年阅读3]记者属于被定义为社会文化精英的一部分，因此他们的工作往往反映了这些精英传统的价值观。

[典型例句]The lowly are most intelligent;the elite are most ignorant.

[例句精译]卑贱者最聪明，高贵者最愚蠢。

error[?er?]n.错误，差错

[典型例句]A minimal error results in wild divergence.[例句精译]

差之毫厘，谬以千里。

executive[ig?zekjutiv]n.主管，行政官a.行政的，执行的

[真题连线]Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust,that most valuableof economic assets,is easily destroyed and hugely expensive torestore.最迟钝的老板也应该知道，信任是最有价值的经济财富，非常容易被毁掉，若要重建则需花费巨资。

existence[ig?zist?ns]n.存在；生存，生活(方式)

[典型例句]You may be stuck with a miserable existence for the rest of yourlife.[例句精译]

你的余生可能会陷入悲惨的生活。

failure[?feilj?]n.失败；失败者；没做到

[真题连线]But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.[2003年阅读4]但是，不存在一个医疗体系—不管有多伟大，都无法战胜死亡，我们无法面对这个现实，这便危及了我们自身的伟大。fashion[?f??(?)n]n.方式；流行款式；时装业

[真题连线]When a mew movement in art attains a certain fashion,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at.[2000年阅读3]若是一场新的艺术运动形成了某种时尚，那么弄清其倡导者目的所在便是理所应当。

female[?fi:meil]a.雌的，女(性)的n.雌性动物；女子

[真题连线]Above all,like their female counterparts,they tend to pay much closer attention tothe value of“good and services”than males.[2005年阅读1]最重要的是，正如人类社会中女人相对于男人们一样，雌性卷尾猴比之雄性也更关注“商品和服务”的价值。

formal[?f?:m?l]a.正式的；形式的

[真题连线]Mr.McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms-he is really grieving over the loss of somethingbeautiful more that useful.[2005年阅读4]麦克沃特先生认为正式语言并非不可或缺，也没用提出要进行彻底的教育改革—他其实只是为那些虽不实用但美好事物的消逝哀叹。

gene[d?i:n]n.基因

grip[grip]n.紧握；控制vt.握紧，抓牢；引起注意

[真题连线]Strengthening economic growth,at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,could push the price higher still in the short term.[2002年阅读3]经济的强势增长，伴随着北半球冬季的到来（抓紧北半球），可能会在短期内继续推高油价。

hence[hens]ad.因此；从此

host[h?ust]n.主人；节目主持人；许多，大量

[真题连线]Rosenberg offers a host of examples of the social cure in action:In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes

un-cool.[2012年阅读1]罗森博格提供了大量关于社会治愈的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州发起的称为“向烟霾宣战”的反吸烟计划，使得抽烟不再流行。

humanity[hju:?m?niti]n.人类，人(性)；人道；[pl.]人文学科

[真题连线]If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.[2009阅读C]若是人类已经进一步意识到每个制度其最终价值在于对人类的独特影响，我们也许会认为这一教训主要是通过同年轻人交往而得来。identify[ai?dentifai]vt.认出，鉴定；把…等同于vi.认同

[真题连线]The second，by Joshua Greenberg,takes a more empirical approach touniversality identifying traits shared by many language.[2012年阅读C]第二个为此付出努力的是约书亚.格林伯格，采用经验主义的方法来确认语言的共同特征。

implication[?impli?kei??n]n.含意；暗示；牵连

[真题连线]The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.[2002年阅读4]最高法院有关医生协助病人结束生命问题的裁决，对于如何使用药物减轻病危者痛苦这一问题而言，具有重要意义。

link[li?k]v.连接，联系n.环节；联系，纽带

[真题连线]On the other,it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.[2007年阅读C]另一方面，如同记者每天将现实与其报道、评论的新闻联系起来一样，法律将这些概念（公正、民主、自由）与日常实践联系在一起。

manner[?m?n?]n.方式(法)；举止，风度；规矩

[真题连线]Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.[2002年阅读1]包括一些很随便的、看上去是即兴的话，你可以用轻松的、不做作的方式把它们说出来。

mostly[?m?ustli]ad.几乎全部地，主要地

motion[?m?u??n]n.运动；动作；提议v.打手势，示意[典型例

句]She motioned for the locked front doors to be opened.[例句精

译]她打手势示意把锁着的前门打开。

negative[?neg?tiv]a.否定的；消极的；负的n.底片

[真题连线]First if all,most substances taken un excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.[1997年阅读3]首先，大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响，如中毒或严重的感知错乱。

neglect[ni?glekt]vt/n.忽视，忽略；疏忽

[真题连线]To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with thePuritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church–important subjects that we may not neglect.[2009年阅读4]通过这种途径来了解新英格兰人通常意味着要从清教徒的神学创新和对教堂不同观念开始，这些都是我们不能忽视的重要课题。

notion[?n?u??n]n.概念，观念；意图，想法

[真题连线]Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto thescreen comes there by specific request.[2007年阅读4]网上文化推崇这样一种理念：首先应是专门请求，然后这些信息才应该映入屏幕。

preserve[pri?z?:v]vt.保护，维持；保存；腌制n.独有的活动

[真题连线]Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the specialpreserve of lawyers,rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.[2007年阅读B]传统而言，此类院校一般视法律的学习为律师所专用的特权，而非将其视作每位受教育之人所应必备的知识才能。

primary[?praim?ri]a.首要的，基本的；最初(级)的

[真题连线]I shall define him as an individual who has elected as primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.[2006年阅读C]我会将知识分子定义为对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并视此为自己人生首要责任及快乐之人。

proceed[pr??si:d]vi.进行下去；前进[典型

例句]To proceed without hesitation.[例句精译]

义无反顾。

random[?r?nd?m]a.任意的，随机的

[真题连线]Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress.Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence.[2008年阅读1]男人走上战场，承受着战斗的压力。男性承受更多随机的身体上的暴力行为。

reality[ri??liti]n.现实，实际；真实

[真题连线]But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confrontthat reality now threatens this greatness of ours.[2003年阅读4]但是，不存在一个医疗体系—不管有多伟大，都无法战胜死亡，我们无法面对这个现实，这便危及了我们自身的伟大。

region[?ri:d??n]n.地区，区域；范围，幅度

[典型例句]Towering genius disdains a beaten path；It seeks regions hithertounexplored.[例句精译]卓越的天才从不人云亦云，只会开创迄今无人探索的领域。

relieve[ri?li:v]vt.使轻松(宽慰)；缓解；接替