大学英语外报外刊阅读教参

大学英语外报外刊阅读教程教学参考手册

第二版

端木义万主编

Answers to the Questions

V. 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A

VI.

1. According to Ms. Wellington, Gen X’ers are attracted to their organizations for utterly traditional reasons: reputation of the organization, opportunities to advance.

2. Catalyst and other research organizations caution that this age group has high demands for employers. If their demands are not met, they will leave. And they are highly sensitive to the way in which they are treated. If the Gen X’er believes that his employer is not making a commitment to him, he will leave.

3.The survey found that more than 70 percent of them rated companionship, a loving family and enjoying life as extremely important. In contrast, fewer than 20 percent of them said earning a lot of money and becoming an influential leader were extremely important goals.

4. According to Robert Morgan, the corporate loyalty is rising in the current economic climate partly because of job insecurities. Besides, there is the war for talent. As labor shortages intensified in recent years, employers have worked hard at retaining good workers.

Outline

I.(1) Summary lead

Increasing job loyalty of Gen X’ers

II. (2 –6) Catalyst’s survey about job loyalty of Gen X’ers

1. General situation of the job loyalty

2. Findings about the similarities between Gen X’ers and the previous generations

a. Old-fashioned goals

b. Traditional attractions

3. Findings about the differences between Gen X’ers and the previous generations

a. High demands for employers

b. High sensitiveness to the way they are treated

III. (7 – 8) Specific example of Colleen Galle

Reasons for staying: job satisfaction

job loyalty

IV. (9 – 11) More details of the survey

1. Scope, objects and focus of the survey

2. Findings about the factors in job loyalty:

Companionship, loving family, enjoying life

3. Statistics showing job loyalty

V. (12 – 15) Analysis of job loyalty

1. Not surprising in the current economic climate

2. Comparison between 1999 and 2001 in job loyalty

3. Reasons for the increase of job loyalty

a. Present job insecurity

b. Employers’ efforts at retaining the talented

Answers to the Questions

V. 1.A 2.A 3. B 4. D

VI.

1.The purpose of the debate between Mateo and Martinez is to focus on the specific needs of

Latinos that both parties are courting.

2.The problems pointed out by Martinez are bad education, unemployment and lack of health

insurance.

3.The author says Latino turnout and preference will be decisive in the election because they are

the majority minority and more of Latinos than ever before are expected to go to the polls, and

a large number of those people are not tied to either political party.

4.According to the article, a candidate who figure out how to talk to Latinos about education

and healthcare in a compelling way can lock up Latinos’ vote.

5.The term “Hispanic” came into official use in 1973, when the Nixon administration formally

divided Americans into five races. Liberals prefer the term “Latino” on the grounds that the Spaniards were the very people who destroyed the indigenous cultures of Latin Americans) 6.The author thinks that the term “Hispanic”is a marketing term and it’s a term used by

politicians at election time.

7.The author thinks that the term “Hispanic”is a marketing term and it’s a term used by

politicians at election time. It cannot reflect cultural realities.

Outline

I. (1 – 2) Debate between Mateo and Martinez

1. Main issues for the debate and the purpose of the debate

2. Audience’s response: louder opponents’ voices

II. (3 – 5) Latinos’ importance in election

1. Decisive role of Latino voter turnout and preference

2. Reason for the importance of Latino vote: Latinos’ ascent to the majority minority in 2003

3. Factors limiting Latinos’ voting strength

a. Many of them are not yet US citizens.

b. One third of Latinos are under 18.

III. (6 – 8) Latinos’ prime concerns

1. Importance of education and healthcare to Latinos

2. Reasons for the importance of those issues

a. U.S. – born Latinos form the majority.

b. It’s more likely for Latinos to lack healthcare and education.

IV. (9 – 10) Discussion about the term “Hispanic”

1. The origin of the term and the problems with the term

2. Rich diversity of Latinos

V. (11) Increased visibility of Latinos

Lesson 3

Answers to the Questions

V. 1.C 2.D 3.C 4. A

VI.

1.WWII led to women’s entry into the workforce. As men marched off to fight, women took

their husbands’ places in factories and on the farms. They never looked back. Most now take it for granted that women have as much to offer at work as men do.

2.No, it is more than a financial issue because it raises social as well as economic questions and

its resolution will involve governments, employers and people.

3.The babyboom generation is far larger than the generation that follows it or any that preceded

it. Its achievement will cast a shadow over the companies it is set to leave.

4.The present ways of dealing with a falling supply of labor are shifting work offshore, laxer

immigration rules and use of new equipment.

5.If they were offered the chance of staying on at work, many older employees would jump at

the chance because they will no longer be able to retire in the style they have been led to expect. Corporate pension schemes and health benefits are becoming even less generous.

Besides the need for money, many elderly people want to continue working for mental stimulation.

6.The author thinks that older workers need to adapt and accept a relative decline in salary and

status

7.The significance of babyboomers’changing the world of work will be more profound and

longer lasting than the changes they have brought since the 1960s.

Outline

I. (1 – 2) Social changes in western countries after WWII

1.Women’s entry into the work force

2.Retirement pensions for the elderly

II. (3 – 4) Problems caused by the present retirement pensions

1. Heavy burden of financing retirement pensions for babyboomers

2. Companies’ shortage of skilled workers

III. (5 – 7) Need to keep the elderly at work

1. Present ways of dealing with a falling supply of labour

2. Elderly people’s desire for work

a. Elderly people’s need for money

b. Elderly people’s desire for mental stimulation

IV. (8 – 10) Suggestions to governments and companies about how to keep the elderly people at work

1. Separation of pension from their final salaries

2. Freeing up labor markets instead of focusing on legislating to ban discrimination on grounds of age

3. Offering flexible work schedule

V. (11) Suggestion to the elderly workers

Need to adapt to a relative decline in salary and status

VI. (12) Significance of babyboomers’ changing the world of work

Lesson 4

Answers to the Questions

V. 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B

VI.

1.According to the new government figures, British female full time workers will be paid

￡ 369,000 less than their counterparts over their lifetime.

2.That lifetime disparity would be enough to pay for 31 years of childcare or 22 new cars, or to

pay off the average student debt 18 times over.

3.Britain’s gender pay gap of 2008 was larger than that of 2007. Men were paid 17.1% more

than women for full-time work while the disparity in part-time wages was 36.6%, up from

35.8% in 2007.

4.The Fawcett Society has called on the government to include mandatory pay auditing in the

equalities bill, scheduled to be introduced in next month’s Queen’s speech.

5.According to the article, Sri Lanka is judged the fifth most equal in the world on political

empowerment because of the long incumbencies as prme minister and president of Sirimavo Bandaranaika and Chandrika Kumaratunga.

6.According to Yvonne Galligan, younger parliaments, in general, were often much more

representative.

7.Dr. Selvi Thriuchandran felt puzzled by the WEF findings, pointing out that aside from the

Bandaranaikes, Sri Lanka had the worst record in South Asia in terms of representation in the legislature and executive.

Outline

I. (1 – 4) ONS’s finding about gender pay gap in Britain

1. Lifetime pay gap for female full-time workers

2. Gender pay gap’s widening in 2008

3. Concrete value of the lifetime disparity

4. Rake’s comment on the pay gap’s widening

II. (5 – 7) WEF’s finding about UK women’s status

https://www.360docs.net/doc/638771113.html,’s drop from 11th to 13th in terms of economic, political, health and educational status

2. UK’s ranking in terms of progress on equal pay

3.Sectors with wide gender pay gaps

III. (8 – 9) Efforts made to address the problem

1. Fawcett Society’s call for the inclusion of mandatory pay auditing in the equality bill

2. Harriet Harman’s announcement of a requirement to publish gender pay gaps

IV. (10 – 12) Analysis of women’s political empowerment

1. Analysis of Sri Lanka’s high ranking on political empowerment

2. Yvonne Galligan’s analysis of UK women’s political empowerment

a. Low percentage in the House of Commons

b. Healthier gender balance in the Scottish parliament and the Welsh assembly

3. Women’s higher representation in younger parliaments

V. (13 – 14) Dr. Selvi Thriuchanara’s view on women’s status in Sri Lanka