02-北美电池储能系统标准和法规简介-周飞
4.1 General
4.2 Equipment
4.3 Installation 4.4 Location 4.5 Mobile ESS equipment and operations 4.6 Size and Separation 4.7 Occupied Work Centers 4.8 Maximum Stored Energy 4.9 Exhaust Ventilation 4.10 Smoke and Fire Detection 4.11 Fire Control and Suppression 4.12 Explosion Control 4.13 Water Supply 4.14 Spill Control 4.15 Neutralization 4.16 Remediation Measures
• Test Items
Transport Test
− Altitude simulation/Altitude − Thermal test/Thermal cycling − Vibration − Shock − External Short Circuit − Impact/crush
Misuse Tests
Agenda主要议题
1. BESS Market and Safety Status Quo 电池储能系统市 场及安全现状
2. BESS Related Codes, Regulations and Stds. Overview 电池储能系统相关法律、规范和标准要求概述
3. What Do We Do 电池储能系统如何符合市场安全要求？
• Chapter 5 System interconnections
• Chapter 6 Commissioning
• Chapter 7 Operation and Maintenance
• Chapter 8 Decommissioning
• Chapter 9 Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems
NOVEMBER 30, 2019
Code and Standards Compliance for Ｂ ESS in North America 北美电池储能系统标准和法规简介
Joseph Zhou, Certifier, Energy Storage 周飞, 认证工程师, 储能系统
© 2019 CSA GROUP TESTING & CERTIFICATION INC. | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
• Chapter 10 Capacitor Energy Storage Systems
• Chapter 11 Fuel Cell Energy Storage Systems
• Chapter 12 Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage（Reserved）
Inverter Manufacturer
Code, Regulations Overview
Transportation Installation
− NFPA 855 − IFC 2018 − NFPA 70
Standard Related to ESS Components
Standard Related to Entire ESS
such as rail substations - Unique technologies such as flow batteries and sodium beta (i.e., sodium sulfur and sodium nickel chloride)
This standard covers the sorting and grading process of battery packs, modules and cells and electrochemical capacitors that were originally configured and used for other purposes, such as electric vehicle propulsion, and that are intended for a repurposed use application, such as for use in energy storage systems and other applications for battery packs, modules, cells and electrochemical capacitors.
2
BESS Market and Safety Status Quo 电池储能系统市场和安全 现状
CONFIDENTIAL
3
The Need for BESS Safety 电池储能系统安全的必要性
• 2019年4月19日晚，美国亚利桑那州west valley 的公共服务公用事业公司（APS）发生大规模电池储能项目 爆炸，造成8名消防队员在救援过程中受到不同程度受伤。
13
Standard Related to ESS Components 电池储能系统关键部件标准
Standard ANSI/CAN/UL-1973:2018, Batteries for Use in Stationary, Vehicle Auxiliary Power and Light Electric Rail (LER) Applications
Contents: − 480.4 Battery and Cell Terminations − 480.5 Wiring and Equipment Supplied from Batteries − 480.6 Overcurrent Protection for Prime Movers − 480.7 DC Disconnect Methods − 480.8 Insulation of Batteries. − 480.9 Battery Support Systems − 480.10 Battery Locations − 480.11 Vents
9
NFPA 855 重要条款及要求
10
• Section 1206 Electrical Energy Storage Systems
Scope: applies to energy storage systems designed to provide electrical power to a building or facility. The systems are used to provide standby or emergency power, an uninterruptable power supply, load sharing or similar capabilities.
• 自2017年8月在高昌发生的第一次储能系统火灾，截至2019年10月21日韩国已经发生了27起ESS火灾事故…
4
Responsibility for the Safety of ESS is Shared 电池储能系统安全职责
System Owner/Operator
TIC Organization
Safety Compliance Requirements
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
System Integrator / Manufacturer
Battery Manufacturer
5
Other Component Suppliers
Contractor(s)
Codes, Regulations and Stds. Overview电池储能系 统相关法律、规范和标准 要求概述
CONFIDENTIAL
6
Transportation Regulations 电池储能运输法规
• UN Transport of Dangerous Goods
• According to 49CFR173.185, Li battery/cell shall meet:
固定式安装，工作电压超过50Vac或60Vdc,可以并 网或离网的储能系统
Contents: − Part I General − Part II Circuit Requirements − Part III Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems − Part IV Flow Battery Energy Storage Systems
Contents: − 1206.2 Stationary storage battery systems. − 1206.3 Capacitor energy storage system
11
• Article 480 Storage Batteries
Scope: applies to all stationary installations of storage batteries. 固定式安装的储能电池
This standard also covers application specific requirements for repurposed battery packs/systems and battery packs/systems utilizing repurposed modules, cells and other components
UN38.3 Battery transportation testing UN3480 Li-ion battery transport requirement UN3481 Li-ion battery contained in equipment
电池储能系统测试和认证方案
北美储能适用标准
序号 1 2
标准 UL 9540A UL 1973
适用范围 评估热失控火焰传播的试验方法安全标准 储能电池安全标准
2.北美电池储能认证标准
二、 NRTL认证（UL标准）
北美储能适用标准
序号 1 2
标准 UL 1973 UL 9540A
适用范围 储能电池安全标准 评估热失控火焰传播的试验方法安全标准
UL 1973： 针对储能用电池、 电动轨道和铁路应用的辅助电池 ， 覆盖了各类锂电池、 液流电池以及高温钠电池等电池
测试项目 静电 辐射电磁场 电快速脉冲群 浪涌 电流注入 工频磁场 电压跌落和中断
电流谐波
闪烁
感谢聆听!
3.欧洲电池储能认证标准
三、 CB认证（IEC标准）
CB体系是国际电工委员会（IEC） 与欧洲电器设备合格测试国家委员会（CEE） 成立国际电 工委员会电工产品合格测试与认证组织（IECEE） ，建立了一套电工产品全球互相认可体系。 全 球 有 5 4 个国家 参加这一互 认制度 , 这一组织 的成员国及成 员机构正在不 断 扩大。 取得CB证 书后 ，可以较方便地转换成其它机构的认证证书 ， 由此取得进入相关国家市场的准入证。
1907/2006/ EC
HF POPS
HalogenFree无 卤 化 要 求
持 久 性 有 机 污 染 物 Persistent OrganicPollutants
电化学储能系统用电池管理系统技术规范(T-CNESA 1002—2019)
ICS 27.180F 19团体标准T/CNESA 1002-2019电化学储能系统用电池管理系统技术规范Technical specification for battery management system of electrochemical energystorage system2019-05-15发布2019-05-15实施中关村储能产业技术联盟发布T/CNESA 1002—2019目次前言 (II)1 范围 (1)2规范性引用文件 (1)3术语和定义 (1)4 符号和缩略语 (4)5 技术要求 (4)5.1 一般要求 (4)5.2 使用环境要求 (4)5.3 功能要求 (5)5.4 状态参数检测精度要求 (6)5.5 计算要求 (7)5.6 电池故障诊断 (7)5.7 绝缘性能要求 (7)5.8 电气性能要求 (8)5.9 环境适应性能 (8)5.10 电磁兼容性能 (9)6 试验方法 (10)6.1 试验条件 (10)6.2 状态参数检测精度 (10)6.3 计算精度 (11)6.4 均衡测试 (11)6.5 电池故障诊断 (11)6.6 绝缘性能 (11)6.7 电气适应性能 (12)6.8 环境适应性能 (12)6.9 电磁兼容性能 (13)7 检验规则 (14)7.1 检验分类 (14)7.2 出厂检验 (14)7.3 型式检验 (14)8 标志、包装、贮存和运输 (14)8.1 标志 (14)8.2 包装 (16)8.3 贮存 (16)8.4 运输 (16)附录A（规范性附录） SOC、SOE计算精度测试方法 (17)附录B（规范性附录）均衡测试方法 (19)附录C（资料性附录）电池系统典型充放电工况 (20)IT/CNESA 1002—2019II 前言本标准按照GB/T 1.1-2009给出的规则起草。
本标准由中关村储能产业技术联盟提出并归口。
本标准起草单位：杭州高特电子设备股份有限公司、广州智光储能科技有限公司、浙江正泰新能源开发有限公司、国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司、国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院。
美国电池标准(ANSI battery standards)
干电池和蓄电池的规范
Dry Cellsａnd Batteries - Specifications
ANSI C18.2MPart 1-2007
便携式可充电电池用标准.总则和规范
Standard for Portable Rechargeable Cellsａnd Batteries - Generalａnd Specifications
ANSI PH3.58-1974
摄影用大功率立方闪光灯（电池控制）的尺寸
Dimensions for Photographic High-Power Cubes（Battery Operated）
ANSI T1.330-1997
电信.电信环境用的阀调的铅酸电池
Telecommunications - Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries used in the telecommunications environment
10ansicsafc32004便携式燃料电池动力系统portablefuelcellpowersystemsansieia540j0002000电子设备用电池支架的分规范sectionalspecificationforbatteryholdersforuseinelectronicequipmentansieia540j0aa2000电子设备用的圆柱形电池支架标准外形的详细规范detailspecificationforcylindricalbatteryholdersstandardprofileforuseinelectronicequipmentansieia540j0ab2001用于电子设备的币式电池座的详细规范detailspecificationforcoincellbatteryholdersforuseinelectronicequipmentansieia540j0002000电子设备用蓄电池座分规范sectionalspecificationforbatteryholdersforuseinelectronicequipmentansieia540j0aa2000电子设备用圆柱形电池安装座标准形状详细规范detailspecificationforcylindricalbatteryholdersstandardprofileforuseinelectronicequipmentansieia540j0ab2001电子设备用硬币式蓄电池座详细规范detailspecificationforcoincellbatteryholdersforuseinelectronicequipmentansiieee10132007单机光电pv系统用酸性铅蓄电池尺寸选定的推荐实施规程recommendedpracticeforsizingleadacidbatteriesforstandalonephotovoltaicpvsystemsansiieee11062005固定设施用带泄漏口的镍镉蓄电池组的安装维护测试及更换的推荐实施规程recommendedpracticeforinstallationmaintenancetestingandreplacementofventednickelcadmiumbatteriesforstationaryapplicationsansiieee11152000固
储能系统国标
储能系统国标储能系统是能够将电能等形式的能量在一定时间内存储起来，并在需要时进行释放的设备。
随着新能源技术和智能电网的不断发展，储能系统在现代能源领域扮演着重要角色。
为了统一行业规范和提高储能系统的可靠性、安全性和效能，我国制定了储能系统的国家标准，下面将从几个方面进行介绍。
首先，储能系统国标规定了储能技术的分类和定义。
储能技术包括机械能储能、电化学储能、超级电容储能和储热技术等，每种技术都有其独特的特点和应用领域。
国标的明确分类有助于企业和研究机构在研发和生产中选择适合自身需求和市场需求的储能技术。
其次，储能系统国标对储能系统的安全性和可靠性进行了要求。
储能系统是一项涉及高压、高能量密度的技术，若不按规范进行设计、制造和运行，可能出现潜在的安全隐患和事故风险。
国标对储能系统的电气、机械和热管理等方面提出了严格要求，确保系统的安全性和可靠性，并为监测、检测和保护等环节提供了相关指导。
第三，储能系统国标规范了储能系统的性能评估和测试方法。
为了能够客观、准确地评估储能系统的性能和效果，国标制定了一系列的测试标准和方法。
这些标准和方法涵盖了储能系统的能量转换效率、储能容量、循环寿命、功率响应时间等多个方面，可供制造商、用户和第三方机构使用，提供数据支持和参考依据。
最后，储能系统国标对储能设备的设计、制造和运营管理提出了具体的技术要求和指导。
例如，国标规定了储能设备的外观尺寸、接口标识、安装要求等方面的内容，以保证不同厂家的产品在物理和电气接口上的兼容性。
此外，国标还对储能系统的容量配置、电网接入和储能调度等方面进行了要求，为运营商和用户提供了设计和管理储能系统的指南。
综上所述，储能系统国标是我国在储能技术领域标准化工作的重要成果，对于推动产业发展、促进技术创新和提高能源利用效率具有重要意义。
通过遵循国标的要求，储能系统从设计、制造到运营管理过程中能够更好地实现安全、可靠、高效运行，为新能源发展和能源转型提供强有力的支持。
北美电力可靠性公司（NERC）标准授权请求（SAR）说明书
Standard Authorization Request (SAR)The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) welcomes suggestions to improve the reliability of the bulk power system through improved Reliability Standards.Complete and submit this form, with attachment(s) to the NERC Help Desk . Upon entering the Captcha, please type in your contact information, and attach the SAR to your ticket. Once submitted, you will receive a confirmation number which you can use to track your request.Requested informationOther benefits of this standards project to address issues with MOD-025-2 include, but are not limited to, the following:•Preventing over- or under-estimation of generating facility active and reactive power, which could lead to potential reliability risks or unnecessary and expensive solutions to mitigate •Identifying limitations within a generating facility that could constrain the resource from reaching the expected active/reactive capability at any given time•More clearly communicating the necessary data to be used for modeling the respective resources in steady-state power flow models•Ensure that the data users are part of the verification process to ensure that the necessary and usable data is provided and utilized appropriately•Ensure that raw test data alone is not used for resource modeling, but is analyzed, adjusted, and contextualized to account for measured system conditions•Coordinating with PRC-019 activities to develop a composite capability curve, inclusive of equipment capabilities, limiters, and other plant limitations to develop an appropriate capability curve•Ensuring that other means of verification (other than testing) can be more effectively leveraged to gather necessary and suitable data for verifying plant/machine capabilityPurpose or Goal (How does this proposed project provide the reliability-related benefit described above?):The intent of this standard revision project is to address the issues that exist with MOD-025-2 regarding verification and data reporting of generator active and reactive power capability (and any other relevant equipment capability). Currently, implementation of the standard rarely produces data that is suitable for planning models (i.e., the stated purpose of the standard). The vast majority of testing cases are limited by limits within the plant or system operating conditions that prohibit the generating resource from reaching its “composite capability curve” – the equipment capability or associated limiters. The goal of the proposed project is to:•Ensure that testing and other verification activities produce useful data for verification of plant active and reactive power capability•Ensure that the data is used by Transmission Planners and Planning Coordinators in an appropriate manner, with a sufficient degree of analysis prior to use•Ensure that the data is applicable and usable by the Transmission Planner and Planning Coordinator for reliability studies•Ensure Generator Owners appropriately identify limits within their generating resources (and synchronous condensers), and effectively communicate those limits to Transmission Plannersand Planning Coordinators for the purposes of modeling these resources in reliability studiesRequested informationProject Scope (Define the parameters of the proposed project):The scope of this project is to modify MOD-025-2 to ensure that data provided through verification activities performed by applicable Generator Owner or Transmission Owners produce suitable data for the purposes of developing accurate planning models in Transmission Planner and Planning Coordinator reliability studies. The project should consider, at a minimum, the following:1.Revisions to MOD-025-2 to ensure that verification activities produce data and information thatcan be used by Transmission Planners and Planning Coordinators for the purposes of developing accurate and reasonable plant active and reactive capability data (including possiblyrepresentation of the “composite capability curve” inclusive of capability and limiters, whereapplicable).2.Ensure that each Planning Coordinator and the area Transmission Planners developrequirements for the Planning Coordinator area real and reactive capability data verification3.Ensure that Generator Owners provide the data specified by the Planning Coordinator andTransmission Planners for the Planning Coordinator area4.Ensure that verification activities can apply other methods beyond only testing (or real-timedata) that allow plant capability information, protection settings, PRC-019 reports, and otherdocumentation to also complement the verification activities5.Ensure that data provided by the applicable Generator Owners and Transmission Owners isanalyzed and used appropriately by Transmission Planners and Planning Coordinators6.Ensure that the data provided by Generator Owners, if different from tested values, isacceptable to the Planning Coordinator and Transmission Planners with the standard providing guidance on acceptable reactive capability reporting if system conditions prevent reaching actual capability.7.Ensure alignment of the MOD-025 standard with MOD-032-1 regarding data submittals forannual case creation and PRC-019-2 regarding collection of information that can be effectivelyused for verification purposes. Ensure activities across standards can be applied to effectivelymeet the purpose of these standards, and avoid any potential overlap or duplication of activities.This is dependent on the success of bullet number 1.8.Ensure that equipment limitations are documented and classified as expected (e.g., systemvoltage limit reached) or unexpected (e.g., plant tripped or excitation limiter reachedunexpectedly). In cases of unexpected limitations reached, ensure that the equipment ownerdevelops and implements a corrective action plan to address this unexpected limitation.Requested informationDetailed Description (Describe the proposed deliverable(s) with sufficient detail for a drafting team to execute the project. If you propose a new or substantially revised Reliability Standard or definition, provide: (1) a technical justification1 which includes a discussion of the reliability-related benefits of developing a new or revised Reliability Standard or definition, and (2) a technical foundation document (e.g., research paper) to guide development of the Standard or definition):The NERC PPMVTF developed White Paper: Implementation of NERC Standard MOD-025-22 that recommends NERC initiate a standards project to address these issues with MOD-025-2. The white paper provides a detailed description and technical justification of the gaps that exist in MOD-025-2 and how the current standard may be leading to inaccurate data being used in BPS reliability studies. Further, the NERC PPMVTF Reliability Guideline: Power Plant Model Verification and Testing for Synchronous Machines3also describes in detail how testing activities per MOD-025-2 can lead to unusable data, and provides further guidance that a SDT could use to develop solutions to these issues.Cost Impact Assessment, if known (Provide a paragraph describing the potential cost impacts associated with the proposed project):The aforementioned NERC PPMVTF White Paper: Implementation of NERC Standard MOD-025-2 includes an example of one Registered Entity’s MOD-025 implementation costs (excluding cost of shifting the optimization of generation fleet assets due to minimum load testing requirements). The entity’s average test cost was $1,259 (897 tests) and $4,326 per generator (261 generators). The verification testing of units generally results in transferring energy to a higher cost resource during the test period. Further, the data produced is often NOT suitable for planning studies, which does not serve the intended purpose of the standard and makes the added cost unjustified.Please describe any unique characteristics of the BES facilities that may be impacted by this proposed standard development project (e.g., Dispersed Generation Resources):The current MOD-025-2 was written around synchronous generation, although it is not specifically applicable only to synchronous generators. Therefore, the project should ensure the language is clear and concise regarding how to handle BES dispersed generating resources (e.g., wind, solar photovoltaic, and battery energy storage systems).To assist the NERC Standards Committee in appointing a drafting team with the appropriate members, please indicate to which Functional Entities the proposed standard(s) should apply (e.g., Transmission Operator, Reliability Coordinator, etc. See the most recent version of the NERC Functional Model for definitions):•Generator Owner and Transmission Owner of synchronous condensers (asset owner that is in the best position to ascertain resource capability)1 The NERC Rules of Procedure require a technical justification for new or substantially revised Reliability Standards. Please attach pertinent information to this form before submittal to NERC.2https:///comm/PC/Power%20Plant%20Modeling%20and%20Verification%20Task%20Force/PPMVTF_White_Paper_MOD-025_Testing.pdf3https:///comm/PC_Reliability_Guidelines_DL/Reliability_Guideline_-_PPMV_for_Synchronous_Machines_-_2018-06-29.pdfRequested information•Transmission Planner and Planning Coordinator (user of the information provided by the Generator Owner; currently has no responsibility of ensuring accurate data per current MOD-025-2 standard)Do you know of any consensus building activities4 in connection with this SAR? If so, please provide any recommendations or findings resulting from the consensus building activity.The NERC PPMVTF White Paper, approved by NERC RSTC, details the challenges with MOD-025-2. The team deliberated this subject for a significant amount of time, and have identified major issues with the standard that need to be addressed by an SDT. The PPMVTF believes that a significant revision to MOD-025-2 is needed, that testing activities are useful and should be retained, but that the activities can focus on more effective means of collecting useful data for planning models. One dissenting opinion of PPMVTF membership believed the standard should be retired completely and not replaced with an alternative.Are there any related standards or SARs that should be assessed for impact as a result of this proposed project? If so, which standard(s) or project number(s)?The NERC standards development Project 2020-02 (Transmission-connected Dynamic Reactive Resources) SAR includes MOD-025-2, specifically addressing the applicability of transmission connected reactive devices in addition to generators and synchronous condensers.The SAR on PRC-019-2 submitted to NERC by the System Protection and Control Subcommittee is also related in that there is significant overlap of activities in PRC-019-2 and the development of planning models of machine capability.This SAR could be combined with those portions of those SARs to address this problem effectively. Are there alternatives (e.g., guidelines, white paper, alerts, etc.) that have been considered or could meet the objectives? If so, please list the alternatives.There are two key industry reference documents on this subject:1.NERC Reliability Guideline: Power Plant Model Verification and Testing for SynchronousMachines5 (July 2018) that provides recommended practices for synchronous machine capability testing. An appendix is devoted to MOD-025-2 testing, and highlights the challenges andinherent errors in MOD-025-2 to obtain useful data that can be applied for planning models.2.NATF Modeling Reference Document Reporting and Verification of Generating Unit ReactivePower Capability for Synchronous Machines6(April 2015) that describes testing activities perMOD-025-2 and means of ensuring data is sufficient for planning studies.4 Consensus building activities are occasionally conducted by NERC and/or project review teams. They typically are conducted to obtain industry inputs prior to proposing any standard development project to revise, or develop a standard or definition.5https:///comm/PC_Reliability_Guidelines_DL/Reliability_Guideline_-_PPMV_for_Synchronous_Machines_-_2018-06-29.pdf 6https:///docs/natf/documents/resources/planning-and-modeling/natf-reference-document-reporting-and-verification-of-generating-unit-reactive-power-capability-for-synchronous-machines.pdfRequested informationNeither industry reference document addresses the identified shortcomings of the standard described above and in NERC PPMVTF White Paper: Implementation of NERC Standard MOD-025-2.7 These reference materials help industry understand how to implement the standards using best practices, but do not address the reliability gaps created by the standard requirements themselves which is leading to inaccurate data being used in planning assessments.Market Interface PrinciplesDoes the proposed standard development project comply with all of the following Market Interface Principles?Enter (yes/no)1. A reliability standard shall not give any market participant an unfair competitiveadvantage. Yes2. A reliability standard shall neither mandate nor prohibit any specific marketstructure. Yes3. A reliability standard shall not preclude market solutions to achieving compliancewith that standard. Yes7https:///comm/PC/Power%20Plant%20Modeling%20and%20Verification%20Task%20Force/PPMVTF_White_Paper_MOD-025_Testing.pdfMarket Interface Principles 4. A reliability standard shall not require the public disclosure of commercially sensitive information. All market participants shall have equal opportunity to access commercially non-sensitive information that is required for compliance with reliability standards. Yes Identified Existing or Potential Regional or Interconnection Variances Region(s)/ Interconnection Explanation N/A None identified.For Use by NERC Only Version History Version Date Owner Change Tracking1June 3, 2013 Revised 1August 29, 2014 Standards Information Staff Updated template 2January 18, 2017 Standards Information Staff Revised 2June 28, 2017 Standards Information Staff Updated template 3February 22, 2019 Standards Information Staff Added instructions to submit via Help Desk 4February 25, 2020 Standards Information Staff Updated template footer。
储能行业相关标准
储能行业相关标准
储能行业是近年来快速发展的领域，随着技术的不断进步和应用场景的不断扩展，储能行业的相关标准也在不断完善。
以下是一些储能行业相关的标准：
电池标准：电池是储能系统中的核心组件，因此电池的标准对于储能系统的性能和安全性至关重要。
目前，国际上通用的电池标准包括IEC 62133、IEC 62619等，这些标准规定了电池的尺寸、重量、容量、电压、电流等参数，以及电池的安全性、可靠性等方面的要求。
储能系统标准：储能系统是将电池与其他设备集成在一起的系统，因此储能系统的标准也是非常重要的。
目前，国际上通用的储能系统标准包括IEEE 1547、IEEE 1547.1等，这些标准规定了储能系统的设计、制造、安装、运行等方面的要求，以确保储能系统的安全性和可靠性。
储能电站标准：储能电站是储能系统的重要组成部分，因此储能电站的标准也是非常重要的。
目前，国际上通用的储能电站标准包括IEEE 1547.2、IEEE 1547.3等，这些标准规定了储能电站的设计、制造、安装、运行等方面的要求，以确保储能电站的安全性和可靠性。
充电设备标准：充电设备是储能系统中的重要组成部分，因此充电设备的标准也是非常重要的。
目前，国际上通用的充电设备标准包括IEC 62196等，这些标准规定了充电设备的尺寸、重量、功率等方面的要求，以及充电设备的安全性、可靠性等方面的要
求。
总之，储能行业的相关标准是保证储能系统安全性和可靠性的重要保障。
随着技术的不断进步和应用场景的不断扩展，这些标准也将不断完善和更新。
可充电储能系统功能安全国际标准
可充电储能系统功能安全国际标准在当今的社会中，可充电储能系统的应用范围越来越广泛，从家用电器到电动汽车再到可再生能源的储能系统，都需要可靠的储能系统来支撑其安全和高效运行。
而要保证这些储能系统的功能安全，国际标准扮演了至关重要的角色。
本文将对可充电储能系统功能安全国际标准进行深度和广度兼具的探讨，希望通过本文的阐述，我能更全面、深刻和灵活地理解这一重要主题。
1. 可充电储能系统功能安全的重要性可充电储能系统功能安全，是指在正常使用和预期失效条件下，系统不会对人、环境或财产造成不可接受的危害。
随着储能技术的不断发展和应用，功能安全成为了保障储能系统安全可靠运行的重要保障。
在实际应用中，如果储能系统出现功能安全问题，不仅会损害设备本身，还有可能引发火灾、爆炸等严重事故，造成不可估量的损失。
建立健全的可充电储能系统功能安全国际标准势在必行。
2. 相关的国际标准和组织目前，可充电储能系统功能安全的国际标准主要包括ISO 26262（汽车电子系统功能安全标准）、IEC 62109（可充电储能系统的安全标准）、IEC 61508（电气/电子/编程系统的功能安全标准）等。
这些国际标准覆盖了多个领域，涉及到汽车、航空航天、工业控制等多个方面。
在国际标准的制定和推广过程中，国际电工委员会（IEC）、国际标准化组织（ISO）等国际组织发挥着举足轻重的作用，不断推动着标准的更新和完善。
3. 可充电储能系统功能安全的评估和验证要保证可充电储能系统的功能安全，评估和验证是必不可少的环节。
评估和验证工作通常包括对硬件、软件、通信等多个方面的检测和测试，以确保系统在各种情况下均能保持安全可靠的运行状态。
评估和验证还需要考虑到系统的整体性能、可靠性以及与外部环境的互动等因素，这需要综合考虑多个因素并进行全面的分析。
4. 个人观点和理解作为文章写手，我认为可充电储能系统功能安全国际标准的制定和推广对于整个可充电储能行业都具有重要的意义。
液流电池储能技术 国际标准
液流电池储能技术国际标准1. 引言本标准为液流电池储能技术的国际标准，旨在规范液流电池储能技术的设计、制造和使用过程，提高能源存储系统的安全性、可靠性和性能。
本标准适用于液流电池储能技术的全球应用。
2. 术语和定义2.1 液流电池：一种以液态电解质为储能介质的电化学储能装置。
2.2 电池容量：电池储存和释放能量的最大能力。
2.3 电池效率：电池在储存和释放能量过程中的能量转化效率。
2.4 循环寿命：电池循环充放电次数达到指定容量损失的次数。
2.5 安全性：电池在正常使用和异常情况下的安全性能。
3. 设计要求3.1 液流电池应具备高能量密度、高功率性能和高效率。
3.2 液流电池应具备可扩展性和模块化设计，以便适应不同应用场景的需求。
3.3 电池设计应考虑充放电效率、循环寿命和安全性。
4. 制造要求4.1 电池制造过程应符合相关工艺规范，并且采用合适的质量管理体系。
4.2 电池的关键组件应具备稳定的性能和高质量制造。
4.3 电池的组装应符合相关安全和操作规程。
5. 使用要求5.1 液流电池储能系统应具备完善的监测和控制系统，以确保安全和正常运行。
5.2 液流电池储能系统应具备适应不同应用场景的灵活性和可靠性。
5.3 液流电池储能系统的维护保养应符合相关规定，并定期进行检测和维修。
6. 测试方法6.1 电池容量测试应采用标准充放电方式进行，以确保测试结果的可靠性和一致性。
6.2 电池效率测试应采用合适的测试方法，以评估电池在充放电过程中的能量转化效率。
6.3 循环寿命测试应模拟实际使用情况，进行充放电循环，并记录电池容量损失的次数。
6.4 安全性测试应包括电池的过充、过放、短路等异常情况下的安全性能评估。
7. 标识和文档要求7.1 液流电池应标识清晰可见的产品信息，包括生产厂商、型号、批次等。
7.2 液流电池应配备使用说明书和安全警示标识，以指导用户正确使用和维护电池。
7.3 生产厂商应提供相关的产品性能和安全性测试报告。
北美电力安全标准指南（PRC-002-2）：故障记录器（FR）触发设置要求的解释（2020年2月20
ERO ENTERPRISE-ENDORSED Standard ApplicationGuidePRC-002-2Clarification of Fault Recorder (FR) Trigger Setting RequirementsFebruary 20, 2020Table of ContentsPREFACE (3)DISCLAIMER (4)INTRODUCTION (5)Overview (5)Methodology (5)Common Terms and Definitions (5)EVALUATING PRC-002-2, SECTION 4 - APPLICABILITY (6)Analysis or Recommended Application Guidance: (6)EVALUATING PRC-002-2, REQUIREMENTS (6)Analysis or Recommended Application Guidance: (6)Recommendations (6)Standard Application Guide PrefacePREFACEMidwest Reliability Organization (MRO) is dedicated to its vision of a highly reliable and secure North American bulk power system. To ensure reliability of the bulk power system in the United States, Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005, creating a new regulatory organization called the Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) to establish mandatory Reliability Standards and monitor and enforce compliance with those standards on those who own, operate or use the interconnected power grid.In 2006, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)approved the North American Electric Reliability Corporation(NERC) as the ERO under section 215(e)(4) of the FederalPower Act. NERC delegates its authority to monitor andenforce compliance to seven Regional Entitiesestablished across North America, of which MRO is one.Recognizing the international nature of the grid, NERC asthe ERO, along with MRO, established similararrangements with provincial authorities in Canada.The MRO region spans the provinces of Saskatchewan andManitoba, and all or parts of the states of Arkansas, Illinois,Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri,Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma,South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. The region includesapproximately 200 organizations that are involved in theproduction and delivery of electricity, including municipalutilities, cooperatives, investor-owned utilities, transmissionsystem operators, federal power marketing agencies,Canadian Crown Corporations, and independent powerproducers.MRO's primary responsibilities are to: ensure compliance withmandatory Reliability Standards by entities who own, operate, or use theNorth American bulk power system; conduct assessments of the grid's abilityto meet electricity demand in the region; and analyze regional system events.Additionally, MRO creates an open forum for stakeholder experts in the region to discuss importanttopics related to addressing risk and improving reliable operations of the bulk power system.Standard Application Guide DisclaimerDISCLAIMERThe Midwest Reliability Organization (MRO) Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Advisory Council (CMEPAC) is committed to providing training and non-binding guidance to industry stakeholders regarding existing and emerging Reliability Standards. Any materials, including presentations, were developed through the MRO CMEPAC by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) from member organizations within the MRO region.SMEs in the field of disturbance monitoring were brought together to prepare a guide for complying with North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Reliability Standard PRC-002-2 - Disturbance Monitoring and Reporting Requirements. Participants include representatives from Generator Owners (GOs) and Transmission Owners.PRC-002-2 Application Guide – Development Team Subject Matter ExpertsChris RoemmichBasin Electric Power Cooperative Dejan LeginovicGreat River EnergyKenneth KoelWestern Area Power AdministrationRandy PynenbergAmerican Transmission Company Stan ToewsManitoba HydroTodd LawsonAlliant EnergyThe materials have been reviewed by MRO staff and provide reasonable application guidance for the standard(s) addressed. Ultimately, demonstrating compliance depends on a number of factors including the precise language of the standard, the specific facts and circumstances, and quality of evidence.These documents may be reproduced or distributed to any person or entity only in its entirety.The MRO Subject Matter Expert Team is an industry stakeholder group which includes subject matter experts from MRO member organizations in various technical areas. Any materials, guidance, and views from stakeholder groups are meant to be helpful to industry participants; but should not be considered approved or endorsed by MRO staff or its board of directors unless specified.Standard Application Guide IntroductionINTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this Standard Application Guide (SAG) for NERC Reliability Standard PRC-002-2 - Disturbance Monitoring and Reporting Requirements is to provide additional guidance on the implementation of PRC-002-2 to Generator Owners (GOs) and Transmission Owners (TOs) when protective relays are used to meet PRC-002-2 requirements.OverviewThis SAG focuses on the trigger setting requirements of PRC-002-2 R4.3 when using protective relays to meet PRC-002-2 requirements. This SAG makes recommendations on FR triggers in the protective relay to comply with PRC-002-2 R4.3 but at the same time prevent excessive event triggering which could result in the loss of meaningful system event records due to exceeding the event logging capabilities of the relay. MethodologyThis SAG contains clarifications, techniques and recommendations, collectively the ‘suggested methodology’, to adhere to the requirements of the PRC-002-2 R4.3. These methods represent the intended best practices of members of the MRO PRC-002-2 Subject Matter Expert Team (SMET). Common Terms and DefinitionsThis SAG uses terms defined in the NERC Glossary of Terms used in NERC Reliability Standards, updated July 03, 20181. Where the MRO PRC-002-2 SMET introduced terms not defined by NERC, as necessary, inline definitions or narratives around the intent of those terms has been provided.1 NERC Glossary of Terms used in NERC Reliability Standards, updated July 03, 2018.https:///files/glossary_of_terms.pdfEVALUATING PRC-002-2, SECTION 4 - APPLICABILITYAnalysis or Recommended Application Guidance:As previously stated, the scope of this SAG is PRC-002-2 R4.3 when using protective relays. These recommendations are not intended for dedicated fault recorders (FR).EVALUATING PRC-002-2, REQUIREMENTSAnalysis or Recommended Application Guidance:As previously stated, the purpose of this SAG is to provide recommendations when using protective relays to comply with PRC-002-2 R4.3. The objective is to limit record triggers to only faults within the relay zone of protection to ensure that important FR data is not lost.RecommendationsGeneral1. Impedance elements (which utilize a combination of voltage and current quantities) alone do not meetthe requirement of the PRC-002-2 standard. R4.3 specifies FR data triggers for at least the following: Neutral (residual) overcurrent, and phase undervoltage or overcurrent.2. When there is a fault in a BES element connected to an identified BES bus, it is necessary to capturethe bus voltage and only the currents of the faulted BES element; it is not necessary to trigger the relays on the unfaulted BES elements to capture their currents.3. It is acceptable to use directional overcurrent elements (instead of non-directional) to limit recordtriggering to faults within the protective relay zone of protection.4. It is recommended to trigger a fault record whenever the protective relay issues a trip. In addition, asper R4.3, there is a requirement to set record triggers for neutral (residual) overcurrent, and phase undervoltage or overcurrent. These elements should be set to trigger a fault record for any fault in the zone of protection.5. The data requirements for PRC-002-2 are based on a system configuration assuming all normallyclosed circuit breakers on a bus are closed.6. The voltages of identified BES busses are required to be captured in fault records. This could beachieved with cross-triggering if the bus voltages are not connected to the protective relay.Transmission Lines1. The protective relay is required to be configured to trigger a fault record for all faults on the line usingneutral (residual) overcurrent, and phase undervoltage or overcurrent. Use directional ground and phase overcurrent elements as dedicated event recorder triggers.2. Trigger setting criteria:Set overcurrent triggers to trigger a recording for a remote bus fault at a minimum.3. Recommendation is to not use undervoltage elements for triggering for the following reasons:•The element is non-directional and more difficult to coordinate for out of zone faults.•PRC-002-2 requires either phase overcurrent or undervoltage triggers, not both.Transformers1. The protective relay is required to be set to trigger a recording for all faults in the zone of protectionusing neutral (residual) overcurrent, and phase undervoltage or overcurrent. Use directional ground and phase overcurrent elements as dedicated event recorder triggers.2. Trigger setting criteria:Set the overcurrent triggers to pick up for all faults within the zone of protection.3. Recommendation is to not use undervoltage elements for triggering for the following reasons:•The element is non-directional and more difficult to coordinate for out of zone faults.•PRC-002-2 requires either phase overcurrent or undervoltage triggers, not both.Standard Application Guide Revision TableDate Version Notes/ChangeFebruary 2020 1.0 Initial Document。
储能系统锂离子电池国内外安全标准对比分析
performance. The energy storage magnitude is observed to continually increase. However, in the
第9卷 第1期
2020 年 1 月
储 能 科 学 与 技 术
Energy Storage Science and Technology
Vol.9 No.1
Jan. 2020
储能标准与规范
lithium-ion battery energy storage, including the IEC and UL safety standards, China’s current energy
storage national standards, industry standards, and energy storage safety standards set by the alliance, to
Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid), Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China)
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are used in various energy storage systems on a large scale because of
furtherthestoragesystemsecurityrequirementsbatteryorcellsafetyrequirementseffectsandsystemsafetyrequirementsareusedtoanalyzetheoperationalrequirementsofthelithiumionbatteryenergystoragesystemdomesticenergystoragesafetystandardsandforeignstandardsiec????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????储能标准与规范收稿日期