英汉对照计量经济学术语
计量经济学专业英汉词典

计量经济学专业英汉词典计量经济学专业英汉词典中文英文调整的R^2 (确定系数)adjusted R^2调整系数adjustment coefficient调整系数矩阵adjustment coefficient matrix赤池信息准则(AIC)Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) 阿尔蒙分布滞后模型Almen distributed lag model阿尔蒙滞后Almon lags备择假设alternative hypothesis方差分析analysis of variance辅助变量ancillary variable近似协方差矩阵approximate covariance matrix近似正态分布approximate normal distribution自回归模型AR model自回归过程AR process自回归条件异方差模型ARCH model自回归移动平均模型ARMA model假定assumption渐近χ2分布asymptotic χ2 distribution渐近协方差矩阵asymptotic covariance matrix渐近分布asymptotic distribution渐近有效性asymptotic efficiency渐近性质asymptotic properties渐近抽样特性asymptotic sampling properties渐近设定asymptotic specification渐近标准误差asymptotic standard error渐近检验asymptotic test渐近检验统计量asymptotic test statistic渐近逼近asymptotically approximation渐近有效估计式asymptotically efficient estimator渐近无偏估计式asymptotically unbiased estimatorADF检验,增项(增广)DF检验Augmented Dickey-Fuller test AEG检验,增项(增广)EG检验Augmented Engle-Granger test自相关方程误差autocorrelated equation error自相关autocorrelation自相关函数autocorrelation function自协方差autocovariance自协方差函数autocovariance function自回归autoregression自回归条件异方差autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity自回归分布滞后模型autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model自回归单整移动平均(ARIMA)autoregressive integrated moving average process 过程自回归(AR)摸型autoregressive model自回归移动平均(ARMA)过程autoregressive moving-average process自回归算子autoregressive operator辅助回归auxiliary regression平均值average行为方程behavioral equation贝拉-哈尔克(BJ)统计量Bera-Jarque statistic贝努利分布Bernoulli distribution最佳决策best decision最佳线性无偏估计式(BLUE)best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE)最佳线性无偏预测best linear unbiased prediction最佳无偏估计式best unbiased estimator偏倚bias偏倚向量bias vector有偏估计式biased estimator二元选择模型binary choice model二项分布binomial distribution二元正态随机变量bivariate normal random variable自举法,靴襻法bootstrap procedure博克斯-考克斯变换Box-Cox transformation博克斯-詹金斯方法Box-Jenkins approach布罗施-帕甘检验Breusch-Pagan test布朗运动Brownian motion典型相关canonical correlation因果性causality中心极限定理central limit theorem特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征向量characteristic vector卡埃方分布chi-square distribution古典统计学classical statistics柯布-道格拉斯生产函数Cobb-Douglas production function 科克伦-奥克特方法Cochrane-Orcutt procedure“概率极限”概念concept of “plim”条件推断conditional inference条件概率conditional probability条件概率密度函数conditional probability density function 置信区间confidence interval一致性consistency一致估计式consistent estimator一致性检验consistent test消费函数consumption function同期相关contemporaneous correlation同期协方差矩阵contemporaneous covariance matrix同期扰动相关contemporaneous disturbance correlation同期独立随机回归自变量contemporaneous independent stochastic regressor 连续映射理论continuous mapping theorem 连续随机变量continuous random variable连续回归函数continuous regression function常规抽样理论conventional sampling theory依概率收敛converge in probability收敛convergence依分布收敛convergence in distribution相关correlation相关系数correlation coefficient相关矩阵correlation matrix相关图correlogram成本cost协方差covariance协方差矩阵covariance matrix协方差矩阵估计式covariance matrix estimator克拉美规则Cramér rule克拉美-拉奥不等式Cramér-Rao inequality克拉美-拉奥下界Cramér-Rao lower bound临界区域critical region临界值critical value截面数据cross-section data累积分布函数cumulative distribution function 数据data数据生成过程(dgp)date generation process数据标准化date normalization盲始模型dead-start model决策decision making决策规则decision rule决策规则选择decision rule choice决策理论decision theory演绎系统deductive system定义方程definitional equation解释程度degree of explanation自由度degree of freedom密度函数density function相依变量dependent variable设计矩阵design matrix检验方法detection methods方阵的行列式determinant of a square matrix确定系数,可决系数determination coefficient诊断校验diagnostic checking对角矩阵diagonal matrix对称矩阵的对角化diagonalization of a symmetric matrix 差分difference差分方程difference equation离散随机变量discrete random variable离散样本空间discrete sample space离散随机过程discrete stochastic process非均衡误差disequilibrium error不相交集disjoint set分布滞后distributed lag分布滞后模型distributed lag model分布distribution分布函数distribution function分布理论distribution theory扰动协方差矩阵disturbance covariance matrix扰动方差disturbance variance位移项drift虚拟变量dummy variable虚拟变量估计式dummy variable estimatorDW(德宾—沃森)统计量Durbin-Watson statisticDW(德宾—沃森)检验Durbin-Watson test动态模型dynamic model动态乘数dynamic multiplier动态回归dynamic regression动态联立方程dynamic simultaneous equation计量经济学,经济计量学econometrics经济变量economic variables经济学economics经济economy有效性efficiencyEG检验EG test特征值eigen value弹性elasticity椭圆ellipse空集empty set内生变量endogenous variableEG两步估计量Engel-Granger (EG) two-step estimate EG两步法Engel-Granger (EG) two-step method 方程误差equation error 方程识别equation identification均衡equilibrium均衡分析equilibrium analysis均衡条件equilibrium condition均衡乘子equilibrium multiplier均衡关系equilibrium relationship均衡状态equilibrium state遍历性ergodicity误差error误差分量error component误差修正机制error correction mechanism误差修正模型error correction model误差修正项error correction term误差平方和error sum of squares误差向量error vector估计量estimate估计estimation估计式estimator欧氏空间Euclidean space外生前定变量exogenous predetermined variable 外生变量exogenous variable期望算子expectation operator期望值expected value试验experiment被解释变量explained variable解释变量explaining variable解释explanation指数分布exponential distributionF分布 F distributionF统计量 F statisticF检验 F test因子分解准则factorization criterion反馈feedback最终形式final form有限分布滞后模型finite distribution lag model有限非奇异矩阵finite nonsingular matrix有限多项式滞后finite polynomial lag有限抽样特性finite sampling property有限方差finite variance一阶自回归模型first-order autoregressive model 一阶条件first-order condition一阶差分算子first-order difference operator 一阶泰勒级数first-order Taylor series拟合值fitted value固定回归自变量fixed regressor预测区间forecast interval预测区域forecast region预测方差forecast variance预测forecasting频数,频率frequency完全信息估计full information estimation完全信息极大似然法full information maximum likelihood method 函数形式function form函数空间function space泛函中心极限定理functional central limit theorem (FCLT)伽玛分布Gamma distribution伽玛函数Gamma function广义自回归条件异方差模型GARCH高斯白噪声Gaussian white noise高斯-马尔可夫定理Gauss-Markov theorem高斯-牛顿算法Gauss-Newton algorithm一般协方差矩阵general covariance matrix一般均衡general equilibrium一般线性假设general linear hypothesis一般线性统计模型general linear statistical model一般随机回归自变量模型general stochastic regressor model“一般到特殊”方法general to special method广义自回归算子generalized autoregressive operator广义最小二乘法generalized least squares广义最小二乘估计generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计式generalized least squares estimator 广义最小二乘方法generalized least squares procedure 广义最小二乘残差generalized least squares residual广义最小二乘规则generalized least squares rule几何滞后模型估计geometric lag model estimation总体极小值global minimum拟合优度goodness of fit格兰杰因果性Granger causality格兰杰因果性检验Granger causality test格兰杰非因果性Granger noncausality格兰杰定理Granger representation theorem增长率模型growth rate model豪斯曼设定检验Hausman specification test重(厚)尾heavy tail海赛矩阵Hessian matrix异方差误差heteroscedastic error异方差heteroscedasticity同一性homogeneity同方差误差homoscedastic error同方差homoscedasticity假设hypothesis假设检验hypothesis test同分布随机变量identically distributed random variable 识别identification识别规则identification rules单位矩阵identity matrix压缩矩阵,影响矩阵impact matrix影响乘数矩阵impact multiplier matrix非一致性inconsistency错误约束incorrect restriction独立同一分布independent and identical distribution (IID) 独立分布independent distribution独立事件independent event独立随机变量independent random variable独立随机回归自变量independent stochastic regressor独立变量independent variable间接最小二乘法indirect least squares不等式约束inequality restriction推断inference无限分布滞后infinite distributed lag无限累加算子infinite summation operator无限方差infinite variance有影响的观测值influential observation信息矩阵information matrix内积inner product新息过程innovation sequence投入产出关系input-output relationship工具变量instrumental variable工具变量估计instrumental variable estimation 单整integration截距intercept区间估计interval estimation区间预测interval forecast不变性invariance逆矩阵inverse matrix信息矩阵的逆inverse of information matrix可逆性invertibility可逆移动平均过程invertible moving-average process 投资investment迭代方法iterative procedure大折刀方法jackknife procedure雅可比变换Jacobian of the transformation联合置信区间joint confidence interval联合置信区域joint confidence region联合密度函数joint density function联合扰动向量joint disturbance vector联合假设检验joint hypothesis test联合区间估计joint interval estimation联合零(原)假设joint null hypothesis联合概率分布joint probability distribution联合被确定变量jointly determined variable恰好识别方程just identified equation核kernel凯恩斯消费函数Keynesian consumption function 凯恩斯模型Keynesian model克莱因-戈德伯格消费函数Klein-Goldberger consumption克莱因-鲁滨效用函数Klein-Rubin utility function柯依克变换Koyck transformation克罗内克尔积Kronecker product库恩-塔克条件Kuhn-Tucker condition峰度,峭度kurtosis滞后lag滞后长度lag length滞后算子lag operator滞后权数lag weight滞后变量lagged variable拉格朗日乘数Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子检验Lagrange multiplier test拉普拉斯展开Laplace expansion大样本特性large sample properties全概率定律law of total probability前导模型leading indication model最小绝对离差least absolute deviation最小绝对误差估计式least absolute error estimator 最小平方偏倚least squares bias最小平方准则least squares criterion最小平方估计式least squares estimator最小平方法least squares procedure最小平方残差least squares residual最小平方规则least squares rule最小平方方差估计式least squares variance estimator左逆矩阵left-inverse matrix显著性水平level of significance杠杆率leverage似然函数likelihood function似然原理likelihood principle似然比原理likelihood ratio principle似然比统计量likelihood ratio statistic似然比检验likelihood ratio test线性代数linear algebra线性联系linear association线性相依linear dependency线性相依向量linear dependent vector线性等式约束linear equality restriction 线性方程linear equation线性方程系统linear equation system线性估计式linear estimator线性形式linear form线性参数linear in parameter线性无关向量linear independent vector线性不等式假设linear inequality hypothesis 线性不等式约束linear inequality restriction 线性损失函数linear loss function 线性算子linear operator线性概率模型linear probability model线性规划模型linear programming model线性约束linear restriction线性规则linear rule线性联立方程linear simultaneous equation 线性统计模型linear statistical model线性变换linear transformation线性无偏估计式linear unbiased estimator线性linearity局部极小值local minima罗基斯迪随机变量logistic random variable罗基特(Logit)模型logit model对数似然函数log-likelihood function对数线性函数log-linear function长期效应long-run effect损失loss损失函数loss function下三角矩阵lower triangular matrix矩(M)估计式M estimator移动平均模型MA model宏观经济学macroeconomics边缘分布marginal distribution边缘概率密度函数marginal probability density function 边际消费倾向marginal propensity to consume数理经济学mathematical economics数学期望mathematical expectation矩阵matrix矩阵分解matrix decomposition极大似然估计maximum likelihood estimation极大似然估计式maximum likelihood estimator极大似然法maximum likelihood method均值mean均方误差mean square error均方误差准则mean square error criterion均方误差矩阵mean square error matrix均值向量mean vector测量误差measurement error中位数median矩法method of moments极小极大准则minimax criterion使损失最小minimizing loss使风险最小minimizing risk最小绝对离差估计式minimum absolute deviation estimator 最小方差minimum variance最小方差无偏估计minimum variance unbiased estimation 错误设定misspecification混合估计mixed estimation众数mode模型model模型设定model specification模数module复数的模modulus of a complex number矩moment蒙特卡罗Monte Carlo蒙特卡罗数据Monte Carlo data蒙特卡罗试验Monte Carlo experiment蒙特卡罗模拟Monte Carlo simulation移动平均moving average移动平均(MA)模型moving average (MA) model移动平均过程moving average process移动平均表示法moving average representation移动平均季节过滤算子moving average seasonal filter多重共线性multicollinearity多项选择模型multinomial choice models多项分布multinomial distribution多元回归multiple regression多重解multiple solution多重时间序列分析multiple time-series analysis乘法multiplication乘子,乘数multiplier多元分布multivariate distribution多元函数multivariate function多元正态分布multivariate normal distribution多元正态随机变量multivariate normal random variable 多元随机变量multivariate random variable多元t 分布multivariate t distribution互斥集mutually exclusive set自然共轭先验概率密度函数natural conjugate prior probability density function半负定矩阵negative semidefinite matrix嵌套nest牛顿-拉夫森算法和方法Newton-Raphson algorithm and method非线性函数nonlinear function参数非线性nonlinear in the parameter非线性最小平方法nonlinear least squares非线性最小平方估计nonlinear least squares estimation非线性似然函数nonlinear likelihood function非线性极大似然估计nonlinear maximum likelihood estimation 非线性回归nonlinear regression非线性似不相关回归方程nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression equation非线性nonlinearity非负定矩阵nonnegative definite matrix非嵌套模型nonnested models非正态分布nonnormal distribution非正态误差nonnormal error非正定矩阵nonpositive definite matrix非纯量单位协方差矩阵nonscalar identity covariance matrix 非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix非平稳nonstationary非平稳过程nonstationary process非随机变量nonstochatic variable正态分布normal distribution正态分布理论normal distribution theory正态误差的检验normal error testing正态线性统计模型normal linear statistical model正态概率密度函数的核normal probability density function 正态随机向量normal random vector正态变量normal variable正态向量normal vector标准化常数normalizing constant正态分布随机变量normally distribution random variable 多余参数nuisance parameter零(原)假设null hypothesis零矩阵null matrix空集,零集null set可观测随机变量observable random variable可观测随机向量observable random vector观测值样本observation sample观测上的等价模型observationally equivalent model阶order阶条件order condition普通最小二乘法ordinary least squares正交矩阵orthogonal matrix正交向量orthogonal vector正交orthogonality标准正交线性统计模型orthonormal linear statistical model 离群值outliers过度识别方程overidentified equation参数parameter参数估计parameter estimation参数方差parameter variance参数检验parametric test帕累托分布Pareto distribution局部调整分布滞后模型partial adjustment distributed lag model 偏(局部)调整模型partial adjustment model偏自相关partial autocorrelation偏自相关系数partial autocorrelation coefficient偏自相关函数partial autocorrelation function偏相关partial correlation偏相关图partial correlogram偏导数partial derivative局部均衡partial equilibrium分块逆规则partitioned inverse rule完全多重共线性perfect multicollinearity长期收入假设permanent income hypothesis分段线性回归piecewise linear regression分段回归函数piecewise regression function点估计量point estimate点估计point estimation点估计式point estimator点估计式性质point estimator properties多项式polynomial多项式滞后polynomial lag多项式矩阵polynomial matrix合并数据pooling data合并模型pooling model合并模型选择pooling model selection合并时间序列pooling time series合并时间序列数据pooling time series data总体population正定矩阵positive definite matrix正定对称矩阵positive definite symmetric matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite matrix后验密度posterior density后验密度函数posterior density function后验分布posterior distribution后验信息posterior information后验均值posterior mean后验优势posterior odds后验优势比posterior odds ratio后验概率posterior probability后验概率密度函数posterior probability density function 后验概率区域posterior probability region假设过程postulation process功效函数power function检验功效power of a test前定变量predetermined variable预测误差prediction error随机分量的预测prediction of random components预测精度prediction precision主分量模型principal components model先验协方差矩阵prior covariance matrix先验分布prior distribution先验均值prior mean先验概率prior probability先验概率密度函数prior probability density function先验概率区域prior probability region概率probability概率密度probability density概率分布probability distribution离散随机变量的概率分布probability distribution for discrete random variable概率分布函数probability distribution function概率测度probability measure概率单位(probit)模型probit model积矩product moment积矩量矩阵product moment matrix积算子product operator生产函数production function生产过程production process比例响应模型proportional response model 伪样本数据pseudo sample data二次型quadratic form二次损失函数quadratic loss function二次矩阵quadratic matrix定量选择模型quantitative choice model 定量因素quantitative factors定量信息quantitative information随机系数模型random coefficient model随机分量预测random component prediction 随机误差random error随机试验random experiment随机变量random variable随机向量random vector随机向量分量random vector component随机游走random walk秩rank秩条件rank condition矩阵的秩rank of a matrix简化型reduced form简化型系数reduced form coefficient简化型扰动reduced form disturbance简化型方程reduced form equation简化型估计式reduced form estimator。
经济学名词、定理、术语 中英对照

经济学名词、定理、术语中英对照Paasche price index 裴氏物价指数Paid-time 有酬工时Pair bargaining 配对谈判Paired (or matched) random sampling 成对的随机抽样法Paired difference 成对差Paired samples 成对样本Paired sampling 成对抽样Paired treatments 配对处理Paired-treatment designs 配对处理设计Panama Canal 巴拿马运河Panel data 方格资料;追踪数据Paper gold 纸金Paper money; Paper currency 纸币Papyrus 纸草Par 平价Par of exchange 汇兑平价Par value 面值;面额Par value stock 面值股票Parabola 拋物线函数式paradox of value 价值的矛盾Paradox of voting 表决的矛盾性paradox of voting 多数决的矛盾Parallel computing 并行计算Parallel currency 平行通货制度Parallel loan 平行贷款Parallel Tangents (PARTAN) method 平行正切法Parallelogram law 平行四边形法则Parameter 参数;母数Parameter constancy testing 参数固定性检定Parameter space 参数空间Parameter specification errors 参数设定误差Parameter stability 参数稳定性Parameterized linear statistical model 参数化线性统计模型Parametric families of hypotheses 参数化的假设家族Parametric statistics 有母数统计学Parametric survival model 参数化存活模型Parametric tests 参数检定Parametrized distribution formulation of uncertainty 不确定的参数化分配公式Parent economy 母公司Parental altruism 父母的利他性Parental transfers 父母给的移转Pareto criterion 柏拉图判准Pareto distribution 柏拉图分配Pareto dominance 柏拉图优势Pareto efficiency 柏拉图效率Pareto improving 柏拉图改善Pareto minimum 柏拉图最小Pareto multiplier 柏拉图乘数Pareto optimality 柏拉图最适性Pareto optimum 柏拉图最适Pareto ranked equilibria 柏拉图排序均衡Pareto ranked strict equilibria 柏拉图排序的严格均衡Pareto-irrelevant externality 柏拉图无关的外部性Pareto-optimality axiom 柏拉图-最适公理Pari passu 平等受偿Parity 平价Parity progression ratio 出生胎次递进率Parsimonious criterion 简化准则Parsimony 简化Partial adjustment model 部分调整模型Partial autocorrelation 偏自我相关Partial autocorrelation coefficient 偏自我相关系数Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) 偏自我相关函数Partial autoregressive matrix 偏自我回归矩阵Partial coefficient of correlation 偏相关系数Partial correlation 偏相关Partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数Partial equilibrium 部份均衡Partial equilibrium analysis 部份均衡分析Partial generalized least squares 偏一般最小平方法Partial integration 部份合一Partial partitioned inverse 部份分割反矩阵Partial process 部份过程Partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数Partial test 个别测验Participating loan 联贷Participating preferred stock 分红优先股Participation constraint 参与限制Particulate matter 悬浮微粒Partition 分割Partition rule 分割定理Partition set 分割集合Partitioned inverse 分割反矩阵Partitioned matrix 分割矩阵Partitioning methods 分割法partitions of information 讯息分割Partner 工作伙伴Partnership 合伙Part-time employment 半职Parzen window 帕尔森窗口Parzen’s CAT criterion 帕尔森CAT准则Pascal lag 帕斯卡尔落迟Pascal lagged distribution 帕斯卡尔落迟分配Passbook deposit 存折存款Passbook savings deposit 活期储蓄存款Passing-on defense 继承抗辩Pass-through 转嫁Patent 专利Patent race 专利竞赛Patent system 专利制度Patents as barrier to entry 专利形成之参进障碍Paternalism 父权制度Path 路径Path analysis 径分析Path dependence 依赖现有路径Path diagram 径图Pattern of trade 贸易型态Paupa labor arguments 贫工论Pay for performance 功绩报酬Pay-as-you-go social security 随收随支制社会安全Payback period rule 还本期限法则Payment policies for subjects 受实验者的偿付方式Payment system 支付系统Payments in kind 实物报酬Payoff dominance 优势报酬payoff perturbation 报酬扰动Payoff transformations 报酬转换Payoffs 报酬Payroll tax 薪资税Peak period 尖峰期Peak-load pricing 尖峰定价法Peakness 峰度Pearson coefficient of correlation 皮尔生相关系数Pearson test 皮尔生卡方检定Pearson’s experimental method 皮尔生试验法Peasant Agriculture 小农农业Peckham rule 帕克汉法则Pecking order 融资顺位Pecuniary economies of scale 资金取得的规模经济Pecuniary interest 名目利率Pedal Loom 脚踏织布机Pegged exchange rate 钉住汇率Penalty function 惩罚函数Penalty rate 惩罚性贴现率Penetration pricing 渗透订价Penny stock 跌破面值股票Pension 退休金Pension funds 退休基金Pension plans 退休金制Per se illegal 当然违法Per se legal 当然合法Per se rule 当然法则Perceived potential entry theory 认知的潜在进入障碍理论Percentile 百分位数Perfect asset substitutability 资产完全替代Perfect association 完全的关联Perfect Bayesian equilibrium 完全贝氏均衡Perfect capital mobility 资本完全移动Perfect compensation 完全赔偿Perfect competition 完全竞争Perfect complements technology 完全互补性生产技术Perfect equilibrium 完全均衡Perfect expectation damage 完全预期损失Perfect foresight 完全预期perfect information 完备讯息;完全讯息Perfect multicollinearity 完全线性重合Perfect opportunity cost damage 完全机会成本损失Perfect price discrimination 完全差别订价;第一级差别订价Perfect price-location equilibrium 完全价格区位均衡Perfect recall 完全记忆;完整的回忆Perfect substitutes technology 完全替代性生产技术Perfect-foresight equilibrium 完全预期均衡Perfect-information judgment 完全信息判断Perfectly discriminatory pricing 完全差别定价Perfectly inequality 完全不均匀Performance 绩效Performance excuse 免除履行责任Performance measures 绩效衡量Period analysis 期间分析Periodicity 周期性Periodogram 周期图Periphery 边陲Permanent income hypothesis 恒常所得假设Permutation matrix 排列矩阵Permutation test 排列检定Perpetuity 永续年金Person coefficient 皮尔生系数Personal income tax 个人所得税Personal interview 访问调查Personal-prejudice models 个人偏见模型Personnel administration 人事管理persuasive advertising 说服性广告Perturbation technique 扰动技术Petrodollars 石油美元Phase spectrum 谱相图Phillips curve 菲利普曲线Phoenicians 腓尼基人Phonograph 留声机Photography 照相术Physical layout of laboratory 实验室的实物摆设Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) 生活质量指针Physician markets 医师市场Physician visits 门诊Physician-induced demand 医师诱发需求Physiocracy 重农主义Physiocrats 重农学派Picketing 罢工纠察队Pictographs 象形文字Pie chart; pie diagram (派)饼状图Piece wage 计件工资Piece-rate pay 计件报酬Piecewise exponential hazard model 逐段对数危险模型Piecewise regression 逐段回归Piecewise regression model 逐段回归模型Piecewise-constant hazard model 逐段固定危险模型Pig Iron 生铁Pigou effect 皮古效果Pigouvian tax 皮古税Pilot experiments 先导实验Piracy 海盗;海盗行为Pitman drift 皮得曼漂浮项Pittsburgh plus systems 匹兹堡加成制度Pivot 支点;枢轴Place utility 地域效用Placement 安置就业Plain vanilla swap; Interest rate swap 利率交换契约Plaintiff 原告Planned Economies 计划经济Plantation 大型栽培农场Plant-specific economies 工场别经济Plastic 塑料Plastic money 塑料货币Platkurtosis 低阔峰Platykurtic 平阔峰Player 对局者;赛者Plea bargaining 认罪协商Plim 机率极限Plow 犁Pluralism 多元化主义Plurarity 高票决Poincare inequality 彭可瑞不等式Point binomial distribution 点二项分配Point elasticity 点弹性Point estimate 点估计值Point estimation 点估计Point forecast 点预测Point-of-sale (POS) payments system 销售点支付系统Poison Pill 毒药政策Poisson distribution 卜瓦松分配Poisson panel data regression 卜瓦松经纬资料回归Poisson process 卜瓦松随机过程Poisson random sample 卜瓦松随机变数Policy accountability 政策责任归属Policy credibility 政策可信度Policy ineffectiveness theorem 政策无效论Policy mix 混合政策Policy reform 政策改革Policy trade-off 政策权衡;政策取舍Political business cycle 政治景气循环Political economy 政治经济学Political economy of trade 贸易的政治经济Political immigrants 政治性移民Political preference function 政策偏好函数Political pressures 政治压力Poll tax 人头税Polling and survey techniques 民意测验与问卷调查方法Pollutant mix 污染物组合Pollution 污染Pollution abatement 污染防治Pollution control 污染控制Pollution control costs 污染管制成本Pollution control economic incentives 污染管制之经济诱因Pollution control policy 污染管制政策Pollution control, economics of 污染管制经济学Pollution license 污染许可证Pollution permit market 污染许可市场Polycentric Cities 多中心城市Polygon 多边形图Polynomial 多项式Polynomial distributed lag 多项分配落迟Polynomial lags 多项落迟Polynomial spline lag 多项式弧状落迟Polytechnics 科技专科学校Ponzi scheme; Pyramid scheme 老鼠会;金字塔骗局Pooled cross-section time series sample 混合横断面与时间数列样本Pooled sample proportion 混合的样本比例Pooled sample variance 混合的样本变异数Pooling data 混合资料Pooling equilibrium 混和均衡Poor Law 济贫法Population 人口Population 母体Population adverse selection 人口反淘汰Population carrying capacity 人口负载能力Population coefficient of determination 母体判定系数Population coefficient of multiple determination 母体多元判定系数Population cross moments 母体的交叉动差Population density 人口密度Population distribution 母体分配Population explosion 人口爆炸Population gravity 人口重心Population Growth 人口成长Population Growth Rate 人口成长率Population mean 母体平均数Population parameter 母体参数Population policy 人口政策Population pressure 人口压力Population proportion 母体比例Population pyramid 人口金字塔Population regression coefficient 母体回归系数Population regression line 母体回归线Population regression model 母体回归模型Population regression parameters 母体回归参数Population regression plane 母体回归平面Population regression variance 母体回归变异数Population regulation 人口节制Population standardized regression coefficient 母体之标准偏差化回归系数Population variance 母体变异数Population-Poverty Cycle 人口-贫穷循环Portfolio 资产组合Portfolio diversification 资产组合多样化Portfolio efficiency frontier 资产组合效率前缘Portfolio insurance 资产组合保险投资策略Portfolio-balance approach 资产平衡分析法Portmanteau test 便利的检定Portmanteau test for residuals 残差的简便利检定Position traders 部位交易者Positive 实是性;唯真的Positive checks 积极的抑制Positive definite 正定的Positive definite matrices 正定矩阵Positive definite matrix 正肯定对称矩阵Positive definite symmetric matrix 正定对称矩阵Positive duration dependence 正期间相依性Positive economics 实证经济学Positive semidefinite matrices 正半定矩阵Positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩阵Positive-part Stein-rule estimator 正部史坦法则估计Positive-rule estimator 正部法则估计Positive-rule variant 正部法则变动Post hoc ergo propter hoc 随之故由之Post hoc fallacy 因果谬误Postal savings system 邮政储金制度Post-dated check 远期支票Posted-bid auction 公告式拍卖Posted-offer auction 竞价公告式的拍卖Posted-offer monopoly 竞价公告独占者Posterior density function 事后密度函数Posterior distribution 事后机率分配Posterior expected loss 事后预期损失Posterior information 事后情报Posterior mean 事后均数Posterior median 事后中位数Posterior odds probability 事后机率Post-Keynesian economics 后凯因斯主义Postulation approach 假定方法Potential competition 潜在竞争Potential monopoly power 潜在独占力量Potential Pareto improvement 潜在柏拉图改善Poverty 贫穷Poverty Gap 贫穷缺口Poverty level 贫穷水平Poverty line 贫穷线Poverty measurement 贫穷测度Poverty-Weighted Index 贫穷加权指数Power (1-β) 检定力Power curve 检力曲线Power function 检力函数Power loom 动力织布机Power of test 检力函数Power series approximation 幂级数逼近Power series expansion 幂级数扩展Power spectrum 幂次谱相Power transfer function 转换函数检力Power-of-attorney account 授权账户Practical effluent fee (PEF) 实际排放费Practical transferable permit (PTP) 实际排放可转换许可证Prais-Winsten estimator 沛斯-温土顿估计式Prebisch-Singer Thesis 普毕许-辛格论点Precautionary motive 预防性动机Precedent 判例Precise estimation 估计精度Precise observations 观察精度Precision 精确度Precision matrix 精确度矩阵Preconspiracy 意图共谋Predactory pricing 掠夺性订价Predation 掠夺Predatory pricing 掠夺性定价Predetermined variable 先决变数Predict 预测Prediction criterion 预测准则Prediction error 预测误差Prediction function 预测函数Predictive density function 预测密度函数Predictive stochastic complexity 预测随机复杂度Predictor space 预测空间Preemption 抢先Preemptive right 优先认股权Preference 偏好Preference revelation 偏好显现Preference reversals 偏好逆转Preferential duty 优惠关税Preferential rate 优惠率Preferential routing 优先安排Preferential system 优惠制度Preferential tariff 优惠关税Preferential trading agreements 优惠贸易协议Preferred habitat hypothesis of the term structure 期限结构的栖息所假设Preferred stock 优先股Pregame cheap talk 赛前闲聊Pregame communication 赛前沟通Pre-Industrial 工业革命以前Pre-Industrial Model of Production 工业革命以前的生产模式Pre-Industrial Modernization 工业革命以前的现代化Preliminary transformations 初步转换Preliminary-test estimator 初步检定估计Premarket discrimination 市场前歧视Premature convergence 早熟收敛Premium 贴水;保险费Premium on capital stock 股本溢价Prepackaged bankruptcy 事先整装倒闭Pre-play negotiation 赛前磋商Preponderance-of-the- evidence 证据确凿Pre-sample disturbances 事前样本干扰Prescription Acts 处方法案Prescription drugs 处方药品Prescriptive regulations 规定性管制present goods 现在财Present value (PV) 现值Present value of net benefits (PVNB) 净效益的现值Present-orientation 现实导向Presumptive taxation 推定课税Pre-test 预先检定Pre-test estimator 预先检定估计式Pretrial 审判前的发现程序Prevention of pollution 预防污染Preventive check 预防的抑制Pre-white 漂白Pre-whitened input series 事先白化投入序列Price 价格Price approach 价格法;定价取向Price cap regulation 价格上限管制Price ceilings 价格上限Price coefficient 价格系数Price competition 价格竞争Price discrimination 价格歧视;差别取价Price elasticity 价格弹性Price elasticity of demand 价格需求弹性Price elasticity of substitution 价格替代弹性Price fixing 价格固定Price fixing agreement 统一订价协议Price fixing conspiracies 统一订价共谋Price floor 价格下限Price gain 价格利得Price game 价格赛局Price index 物价指数Price indices 价格指数Price inflexibility 价格无弹性Price information feedback 价格信息的回馈效果Price leadership 价格领导Price level 物价水平Price line 价格线Price lining 价格底限Price list auction 价格目录式拍卖Price mechanism 价格机能Price policy 价格政策Price protection plans 价格保护计划Price revolution 价格革命Price revolution in Europe 欧洲的价格革命Price rigidity 价格僵固Price scissors 价格剪Price searcher 寻价者Price sensitivity index 价格敏感度指数Price signals 价格信号Price Specie Flow Mechanism 物价与黄金流动机能Price squeeze 价格压榨Price support 价格支持Price surface 价格曲面Price system 价格制度Price taker 价格接受者Price theory 价格理论Price war 价格战Price-choosing behavior 价格选择行为Price-cost margin 价格成本差距Price-location equilibrium 价格区位均衡Price-quantity schedule 价量表Price-specie-flow mechanism 物价与现金流量机能Price-taking behavior 价格接受行为Price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio 本益比Pricing 定价Pricing efficiency 价格效率Primal-Dual Inequality 原对偶不等式Primary care 基础医疗Primary data; raw data 初级资料;原始资料Primary deposit 自发性存款;原始存款Primary education 初等教育Primary market 初级市场Primary reserve 第一准备Primary sector 农业;第一级产业Primary standards 主要标准Primary-line injury 主要伤害Prime rate; Base rate 基本利率Principal 本金Principal component 主成份Principal components analysis 主成份分析Principal components regression 主成份回归Principal-agent problem 委托人-代理人问题Principal-agent theory 当事人-代理人理论Principle of minimum differentiation 最小差异原则Principle of neutrality 中性原则principle of revealed preference 显示偏好原理Principle of tax administration 税务行政法则Principle of taxation 课税原则Principle-agent relationship 当事人-代理人关系Principle-agent theory 当事人-代理人理论Prior conditional variance 事前机率条件变异数Prior density 事前密度Prior distribution 事前机率分配Prior information 事前讯息Prior odds 事前胜率Prior probability 事前机率;先验机率Priori information 事前情报Priori restrictions 事前限制Priority of re-employment 优先召回Prisoner’s Dilemma Game 囚犯两难赛局Prisoner's dilemma 囚犯两难Privacy 隐私Private 私人的Private antitrust suit 私人反托拉斯诉讼Private banking 个人服务银行业Private cost 私人成本Private goods 私有财Private information 私有讯息Private issue 非公开发行Private lebel products 私人标记产品Private marginal benefit 私人边际利益Private marginal cost 私人边际成本Private marginal welfare 私人边际福利Private Ownership 私人所有权Private placement 私下募集Private Property 私有财产Private sector union wage 私部门工会工资Private total welfare 私人总福利Private value 私人价值Private value auction models 私人价值拍卖模型Private value auctions 私人价值拍卖Private workout 私下和解Privatization 民营化Probabilistic model 机率模型Probability 机率Probability assessment 机率估测Probability density function 机率密度函数probability distribution 机率分配Probability distribution table 机率分配表Probability elicitation 机率引出Probability function 机率函数Probability histogram 机率直方图Probability judgment 机率判定Probability limit (Plim) 机率极限Probability mass 机率质量Probability mass function 机率质量函数Probability matching 机率撮合Probability sampling 机率抽样Probability term 机率因素Probationary period 缓刑期间Probit 常态机率Probit model 常态机率模型Probit transformation 常态机率转换Problem of adjustment 调整问题Problems of multicollinearity 线性重合的问题Procedural unconscionability 程序不正当Process 过程Process innovation 制程创新Process with independent increments 独立增量过程Process with stationary increments 平稳(恒定)性增量过程Procurement 采购;收购;取得Procurement contracts 采购契约Procurement regulation 采购管制Producer prices 生产者价格Producer tax 产品税Producer’s surplus 生产者剩余Producers 生产者Product bulk 产品大小Product charge 产品收费Product compatibility 产品兼容性Product cycle 产品周期Product delineation 产品界定Product differentiation 产品差异化Product dimension 产品层次Product diversification 产品多角化Product extension mergers 产品扩充结合Product group 产品群Product innovation 产品创新Product Liability Law 产品责任法Product market definition 产品市场定义Product proliferation 产品增殖Product quality 产品质量Product selection 产品选择Product space 产品空间Product standardization 产品标准化Product variety 产品多样化Product-cycle model 产品周期模型Product-cycle theorem 产品循环论Production 生产Production efficiency 生产效率Production externalities 生产外部性Production function 生产函数Production possibilities frontier (PPF) 生产可能线Production possibilities set 生产可能集合Production possibility curve (PPC) 生产可能线Production techniques 生产技术Productive efficiency 生产效率Productivity bargaining 生产力议价Productivity offset factor (X factor ) 生产力抵减因子Product-market competition 产品市场竞争Product-market decision 产品市场决策Product-market incentives 产品市场诱因Product-possibility sets 产品可能组合Products liability 商品制作责任Product-specific economies 产品别经济Product-specific services 特定产品服务Profit 利润Profit margin 利润率Profit maximization 利润极大化Profit tax 利润税Profit theory 利润说Profitability 获利力Profit-concentration relationships 利润集中度关连Profit-level regulation 利润水平管制Profit-maximization hypothesis 利润极大化假说Profits 利润Profits maximization 追求利润最大Profit-sharing plans 利润分享制Prognosis 事前预测Program trading 程序交易Progressive tax 累进税Progressiveness 进步Prohibition 禁止Prohibitive duty 寓禁关税Prohibitive tariff 寓禁关税Project appraisal 计划评估Projection theorem 投影定理Projective methods 投影方法Proletarian 普罗阶级;无产阶级Promissory bank note 银行本票Promissory note 本票Promotion 升迁Promotion tournaments 升迁竞赛Promotional allowance 促销折让Pronatalist policy 鼓励生育政策Propensity to import 输入倾向Proper equilibrium 正均衡Proper scoring rule 适当得分法则proper subgame 正规式子赛局;正子赛局Property right 财产权Property rule 财产法则Property tax 财产税Property value 房地产价值Proportinate selection 比例性筛定Proportional hazards model 比例危险模型;比例转机模型Proportional tax 比例税Proposition 前提;建议Proprietorship 独资Prospective payment system (PPS) 前瞻性支付制度Prospectus 募股公开说明书Protection forest 保安林Protectionism 保护主义Protectionist 保护主义者Protective duty 保护关税Protective labor laws 劳工保护法Protective tariff 保护性关税Protestant ethic 新教伦理Proto-Factories 原始工厂Proto-Industrialization 原始工业化Provident fund 公积金Provider 医疗服务提供商Proximate cause 近似原因Proxy 投票委托书;代理人Proxy fights 委托书争夺战Proxy statement 投票委托书Proxy variables 代理变量Pseudo 虚拟的;建构的Pseudo likelihood 拟(建构)的概似Pseudo maximum likelihood equations 拟(建构)的最大概方程式Pseudo panel 拟方格Pseudo-true model 拟(建构)的真模型Psychic costs 心理成本Psychological pricing 心理定价法Psychology of education 教育心理学Public (sector) unions 公部门工会Public bads 公害Public choice 公共选择Public choice theory 公共选择理论Public consumption goods 公共消费财Public debt 公债public decisions 公共决策Public economics 公共经济学Public economy 公经济Public enforcement of antitrust law 反托拉斯法的公共执行Public enterprise 公营事业Public expenditure 公共支出Public facility 公共设施Public fund 公共基金Public good 公共财Public good contribution experiments 公共财捐献实验Public goods 公共财Public goods experiments 公共财实验Public goods game 公共财赛局Public housing 国民住宅Public interest 公共利益Public interest theory 公共利益理论Public intermediate goods 公共中间财Public issue 公开发行Public Libraries Act 公共图书馆法案Public nuisance 公众厌恶的事物Public ownership 公共所有权Public policy 公共政策Public production 公家生产Public provision 公家提供Public regulation 公共管制Public revenue 公共收入Public schools 公立学校Public sector 公部门Public sector pricing 公部门定价法Public utilities 公用事业Public Utilities Holding Company Act 公用事业控股公司管理法Public work 公共工程Public-choice theory 公共选择理论Puddling and Rolling Process 搅炼和滚轧过程Pulp and paper manufacturing 纸浆与造纸工业Pulse function 脉冲函数Punishment 处罚Punitive damage 惩罚性违约金Pupil-teacher ratios 师生比Purchasers’prices 买方价格Purchasing power 购买力Purchasing Power Equivalent 购买力等值Purchasing-power parity 购买力平价Pure competition 纯粹竞争Pure discount bond 零息债券Pure exchange 纯交易Pure expectations hypothesis of the term structure 期限结构的纯粹预期假说Pure interest rate 纯利率Pure public goods 纯粹公共财Pure strategy 单一策略Purely competitive 纯粹竞争的Purification theorem 纯化理论Push-pull hypothesis 推拉假说Put option 卖权契约Put options, foreign exchange 卖外汇选择权Put warrant 认售权证Put-call parity 买卖权平价说Puts 卖式选择权Putting-Out System 散作制度Putty-clay theory of investment 软泥投资理论p-value method of hypothesis testing p-值检定法Pyramiding of reserves 金字塔式提存准备回顶端BW Book WormSite Admin注册时间: 2006-06-12文章: 884发表于: 星期三四月04, 2007 1:31 am 文章主题:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q-statistics Q统计量Quadratic estimator 二次式估计量Quadratic form 二次式Quadratic form in normal variable 常态变量之二次式Quadratic function 二项式函数Quadratic hill-climbing method 二次攀峰方法Quadratic interpolation 二项式插补Quadratic loss function 二次损失函数Quadratic model 二次式模型Quadratic programming estimator 二次规划估计量Quadratic programming techniques 二项式规画技巧Quadratic scoring rule 得分平方法Quadratic trend 二次趋势Quadratic-cost model 二次式成本模型Quadrature spectrum 二次谱相Qualified majority 二分之一以上多数决Qualitative 计质性Qualitative and limited dependent variable models 属质与受限相依变量模型Qualitative choice 属质性选择Qualitative dependent variable 属质应变数Qualitative variable 属质变数Qualitative; categorized variable 质化变数;类别变量Quality 品质Quality choice 质量选择Quality circle 品管圈Quality discrimination 质量差别Quality of education 教育质量Quality of life 生活质量Quality premium 品质贴水Quality regulation 质量管理Quality uncertainty 品质不确定性Quality-differentiation model 质量差别模型Quanta option 保证汇率选择权Quantal choice model 有无计数选择模型Quantify 量化Quantile 分位数Quantitative data 量化资料Quantitative response model 属质性反应模型Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantitative variable 量化的变数Quantity competition 数量竞争Quantity demanded 需求量Quantity discounts 数量折扣;随量折扣Quantity discrimination 数量差别待遇;数量歧视Quantity fixing 数量固定Quantity follower 产量追随者Quantity index 物量指数Quantity leader 产量领导者Quantity subsidy 从量补贴Quantity tax 从量税Quantity theory of money 货币数量说Quartile 四分位数Quasi convex 准凹Quasi maximum likelihood estimator 准最大概似估计式Quasi rent; economic rent 准租;经济租Quasi-convex 准凸Quasi-fixed cost 准固定成本Quasi-fixed factors 准固定要素Quasi-fixed labor costs 准固定劳动成本Quasilinear 准线型Quasilinear preferences 准线型偏好Quasilinear utility 准线型效用Quasi-linear utility function 准线性效用函数Quasi-money 准货币Quasi-Newton methods 准牛顿法Quasi-random sampling 准随机抽样Quasi-rent 准地租Quasi-stable population 准稳定人口Quenouille’s method 昆努力方法Questionnaire 问卷Queuing processes 候队过程Quick asset 流动资产Quick ratio; Acid-test ratio 速动比率;酸性测验比率Quid pro quo 等值交换Quit rate 辞职率Quota rent 配额租Quotas 配额Quotation;Quote 债券现价回顶端BW Book WormSite Admin注册时间: 2006-06-12文章: 884发表于: 星期三四月04, 2007 1:32 am 文章主题:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Racial discrimination 种族歧视Radical economics 极端经济学Raise rival’s cost 提高对手成本Ramsey prices 伦赛价格Ramsey pricing 伦赛定价法Ramsey’s reset test 润瑟回归设定检定Random arrival 随机到达Random coefficient model 随机系数模型Random coefficients 随机系数Random component 随机的成份Random disturbances 随机干扰Random effect 随机效果Random error 随机误差Random experiment 随机试验Random function 随机函数Random interval 随机区间Random number generator 随机数产生器Random sample 随机样本Random sampling 随机抽样Random utility model 随机效用函数模型Random variable 随机变数Random vector 随机向量Random walk 随机漫步Random walk model 随机漫步模型Random walk theory 随机漫步理论Random walk with drift 有漂浮项的随机漫步Randomization 随机化Randomization test 随机检定Randomize 随机化Randomized block 随机组Randomized block design 随机集区设计Randomized response model 随机化反应模型Randomized strategy 随机策略Randomness 随机性Random-selection method 随机选择方法Random-shift design 随机移动设计Range 全距Range analysis 距离分析Range forward; Zero-cost option 区间远汇Rank 秩Rank condition 秩条件Rank condition for identification 认定的秩条件Rank correlation 秩相关Rank equivalency 秩同值Rank one correction (roc) method 第一级的修正模型Rank queue 序列Rank-dependent probability weights 序列相依机率权数Rank-dependent utility theory 序列相依效用理论Rank-order voting 偏好顺序投票Rank-size rule 顺位规模法则Rao’s score test 罗氏计分检定Ratchet effect 掣轮效果Ratcheting 渐近管制Rate base 费率基础Rate level regulation 费率水平管制Rate of appreciation Currency 通货升值率Rate of change 变动率Rate of depreciation currency 通货贬值率Rate of exchange 交换率Rate of return 报酬率Rate of time preference 时间偏好率Rate structure 费率结构Rate-of-return analysis 报酬率分析Rate-of-return regulation 报酬率管制Rate-of-return regulation 投资报酬率管制法Ratio scale 比例尺度Rational crime 理性的犯罪Rational distributed lag model 理性分配落迟模型Rational expectations 理性预期Rational expectations equilibrium 理性预期均衡Rational Expectations Hypothesis 理性预期假说Rational fools 理性的傻子Rational ingnorance 理性的忽略Rational spectrum 有理谱相Rationalization cartels 合理化卡特尔Rationing 配给Rationing rule 配给法则Ratio-to-moving average 比率移动平均Raw data 初级资料Raw material 原料Rawlsian (minimax) welfare function 劳斯福利函数Rawlsian social welfare function 劳斯社会福利函数Reaction 反应Reaction correspondence 反应对应Reaction curve 反应曲线Reaction function 反应函数Reaction function equilibria 反应函数均衡Reagan administration 里根时代Real appreciation 实质升值Real balance effect 实质余额效果Real bills doctrine 实质票券说Real depreciation 实质贬值Real economies 实质经济Real entity theory 法人实在税Real estate 不动产Real exchange rate 实质汇率Real income 实质所得Real income effect 实质所得效果Real interest parity condition 实质利率平价条件Real interest rate 实质利率Real interest rate parity 实质利率平价Real money demand 实质货币需求Real number 实数Real property 不动财Real Property Act 不动产法案Real rate of return 实质报酬率Real value 实质价值Real wage 实质工资Realizable model 可兑现模型Realized values 真正数值(实现值)Reasonable care 适当的照料Reasonable interchangeability 合理的可声援性Recession 不景气Reciprocal dealing 互惠交易Reciprocal dumping 反倾销Reciprocal duty 互惠关税Reciprocal externality 双向外部性Reciprocal model 倒数型的模型Reciprocal property 倒数性质(F分配)Reciprocal tariff 互惠税则Reciprocal tariff reductions 互惠性减税Reciprocity 互惠;相互Recognition lag 认知时差Recognized bank; National bank 国法银行Recoupment fallacy 补偿谬误Recovering preferences 偏好之重建Recruitment 招募Rectangular distribution 矩形分配Rectangular window 矩形窗口Recursive algorithm 递归演算Recursive least squares 递延最小平方Recursive logistic model 递归对数机率模型Recursive residuals 递归残差Recursive system 递归系统Recyclable resource 可回收资源Recycle 回收再利用Recycling 再循环;回收Red tape 繁文缛节(检疫相关的贸易障碍)Redeemable currency; Convertible currency 可兑性通货Redemption 买回;回馈Redemption fund 偿赎基金Rediscount 重贴现Rediscount rate 重贴现率Redistribution of income 所得重分配Redistributive Policies 重分配政策Reduced form 缩减式Reduced form disturbance 缩减式误差Reduced form equation 缩减式方程式Reduced form parameters 缩减式参数Reduced likelihood 缩减概似Reduced rank AR model 降级自我回归模型Reduced-form profit functions 缩减式利润函数Reduction-of-compound- lotteries axiom 组合彩券降级公理Reentrants 再进入者Re-export trade 再出口贸易Reference group 参考组Referrals 转诊Refinance 重新借款Refinement of equilibrium 均衡修正Reflation 再膨胀Reflexive 反射性Reflexive preferences 具反射性之偏好Refrigeration 冷冻Refusal to deal 拒绝交易Region 区间Regional currency arrangements 区域通货配置Regional economics 区域经济学Regional growth 区域成长Regional input-output model 区域投入产出模型Regional market centers 区域市场中心Regional system of cities 区域城市系统Regressand 应变数Regression 回归Regression analysis 回归分析Regression coefficient 回归系数Regression matrix 回归矩阵Regression sum of squares 回归平方和Regressive tax 累退税Regressor 回归因子;回归自变数Regret theory 遗憾理论Regularity assumption 规律性假定Regularity condition 正规条件Regulation 行政管制Regulation failure 管制失灵Regulation Q Q管制Regulatory boards 管制委员会Regulatory Impact Analysis 管制影响评估Regulatory lag 管制延迟Regulatory reform 管制革新Rehabilitation; Reorganization; Restructuring 重整Reimbursement system 支付制度Reinforcement learning 强化性学习Reinstatement 复职Reinvestment risk 再投资风险Rejection region 拒绝域Rejuvenation of apopulation 人口年轻化Relative demand 相对需求Relative demand curve 相对需求曲线Relative dispersion 相对离势。
英汉对照金融词汇

ABC1 社交等级abnormal return 异常回报absolute return 绝对回报acceptances 认购accepting house 承兑商行accounting rate of return ARR会计收益率accounting standards 会计尺度accrual principle 权责发生制accruals 应付款项accrued interest 应计利息,待付利息acid test ratio 酸性测试比率acquisition 收购acquisitive growth 收购增长active investing 积极投资activist shareholder 维权股东actuary 保险精算师adjusted EPS 调整后每股收益adjusted operating profit 调整后营运利润adjusted present value 调整后净现值administrative receivership 接管人adverse opinion 否认定见adverse selection 〔保险业〕反向选择advertising elasticity 广告弹性advisory broking 咨询经纪affinity fraud 关联欺诈行为agency cross 交叉代办署理agency theory 代办署理理论algorithmic trading 算法交易all or nothing order 最低限量交易allotment 分配alpha fund 阿尔法基金alternative investments 另类投资American options 美式期权annual effective rate AER 实际年利率annual general meeting 年度股东大会annual report 年度陈述annuity 年金arbitrage 套利arbitrage pricing theory APT套利订价理论arbitraguer 套利者arithmetic mean 算术平均值asset allocation 资产配置asset backed securities ABS资产典质证券asset stripping 资产拆卖asset turnover 资产周转率assets disposal 资产措置assets restructuring 资产重组assets under management AUM 办理资产规模,办理资产额associated company 联营公司assurance 〔对必然发生之事如人寿〕保险At the money 平价期权,等价期权audit opinion 审计定见automated trading system 自动交易系统available seat kilometers ASK 可售座位公里available tonne kilometers 〔航空公司〕可操纵吨公里average cost 平均本钱average down 〔向下〕摊平,均值下移average revenue per user ARPU平均每用户收入average up 向上摊平back office 后勤部分back testing 回溯测试backfill bias 回填偏差backward integration 后向一体化backwardation 现货溢价bad news 利空动静bancasurance 银行保险Barrel of Oil Equivalent BOE油当量桶barrier options 障碍期权barrier to entry 进入壁垒basic earning per share 根本每股收益basis point 基点basis risk 基差风险bear raid 空头袭击bear sqeeze 空仓压力,空头轧平bear trap 空头陷阱bearer securities 不记名证券behavioral finance 行为金融学benchmarking 基准化阐发方法BMKbeneficial owner 受益所有人beta 贝塔系数,评估证券系统风险性的东西bid price 买房价格bid-offer spread 买卖价差billion barrels of oil equivalent BBOE亿桶油当量binary options 二元期权,固定收益期权FRO,数字期权DO black swan 黑天鹅效应blue chip 蓝筹股bond duration 债券存续期,久期,持续期bonus issue 红股book to bill ratio 订货出货比book value 账面价值bottom fishing 抄底boutique 小型投资银行brand dilution 品牌淡化brand extention 品牌延伸break even 出入相抵brent crude 布伦特原油building society 典质银行bulge bracket 大型投资银行bull run 牛市bulldog bond 猛犬债券〔非英国企业在伦敦发行的债券〕bullet bond 一次性归还债券,最普通的债券vanilla bond bundling 绑缚发卖buy and hold 买入并持有buy in management buy out BIMBO内部外部办理者联合收购buy-side analyst 买方阐发师cable 英镑同美元兑换比例称为cable call auction 调集竞价call options 看涨期权cannibalism 〔企业几个部分内部〕自我竞争capex capital expenditure 本钱支出capital adequacy 本钱充沛率capital asset pricing model CAPM本钱资产计价模型capital gains 本钱回报率capital reduction 减资capitalisation issue, scrip issue 资金股本化carried interest 附带权益carry trade 利差交易cash conversion cycle 现金周转周期cash cost 现金本钱cash flow per share 每股现金流cash shell 空壳公司cashflow statement 现金流量表catastrophe bonds 灾难债券cathode metal 阴极金属CDO squared 二次合成典质债务契约central counterparty 共同敌手方Ceteris paribus 假定其他条件不变chartered financial analyst CFA特许金融阐发师chartist 行情预测专家chinese wall 中国墙churning 炒单circuit breaker 熔断制度claims equalisation reserve 理赔筹办金claims ratio 赔付率clean price 净价交易clearing and settlement 结算clearing house 结算所clinical trials 临床查验close period 封闭期close position 平仓closet tracker 本应是积极投资但过于保守和指数基金很像cockroach theory 蟑螂效应collateral bond obligation 担保债券凭证collateral loan obligation CLO担保贷款凭证collateralized debt obligation CDO担保债务凭证collective investment vehicle 集体投资组合东西combined ratio 综合赔付率commercial paper CP商业单据commoditization 商品化company secretary 公司秘书complementary goods 互补商品compound annual growth rate CAGR复合年增长率compounding 复利compulsory aquisition 强制收购concert party 协同控股人confirmation bias 确认偏误conglomerate 混合联合企业conglomerate discount 集团折价,consolidated account statement 合并会计报表constructive liability 推定责任contango 期货溢价Contingent convertible bonds coco bonds或有可转换债券contingent liability 或有债务continuing operations 持续性经营continuous time finance models 持续时间金融模型contract for difference CFD差价合约,一种金融衍生品contrarian investing 逆向投资法contribution margin 边际收益control premium 控制权溢价conversion ratio 转换比率convertible arbitrage 可转换套利convertible bonds 可转换债券core and satellite 核心-卫星办理方法core business 核心业务corporate action 公司行为corporate social responsibility CSR企业社会责任correction 股市调整correlation coefficient 关联系数cost income ratio 本钱收入比率cost of capital 本钱本钱cost of goods sold COGS主营业务本钱cost-plus pricing 本钱加成订价法counter-cyclical 反周期counterparty risk 交易敌手风险coupon 票息coupon rate 票面利率covered interest arbitrage 抵补套利covered warrants 备兑认股权证crash 股市崩盘creative accounting 创意性会计credit default swap CDS信贷违约掉期、信贷违约互换credit rating 信用评级credit risk 信用风险creditor days 应付账款天数cross elasticity 需求交叉弹性cross licensing 交叉许可cross selling 交叉发卖cumulative preference share 堆集优先股current assets 流动资产current assets ratio 流动资产比率=流动资产/流动负债current cost accounting 现行本钱会计current liabilities 流动负债custodian bank 托管银行customer aquisition cost 客户购置本钱customer relationship management CRM 客户关系办理cyclical 周期性〔相对防御性、反周期性〕cyclically adjusted PE ratio CAPE经周期性调整市盈率dark fibre 暗纤dark pool 黑池交易data revenues 数据业务收入day trading 日内交易dead cat bounce 死猫式反弹debenture 公司债券,无担保债券debt asset ratio 资产负债率debt covenant, banking covenant 债务契约debt service cover ratio 债务偿付比率debt/equity ration 债务股本比debtor days 预收账款天数de-equitization 去股权化defensive patent 防御性专利deferred income 递延收益deferred shares 延迟派息股deferred tax 延递税项delivery 交割delivery vs. payment DVP 货银对于制度delta Delta=期权价格变化/期货价格变化delta hedging delta对冲dematerialized securities 无纸化证券demerger 分拆diluted EPS 摊薄每股收益direct cost 直接本钱disclosure 披露discount broker/execution only 折扣经纪人discounted cash flow 贴现现金流discrete time finance models 离散时间金融模型discretionary broking 全权委托经纪diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disruptive technology 颠覆性技术distributable reserve 可分配储藏金diversifiable risk 可分散风险dividend discount model 股息贴现模型dividend irrelevance theory 红利无关理论dividend re-investment plan 股息再投资方案dividend yield ratio 股息率Dogs of the Dow 狗股理论double entry 复式记账法dow jones industrial averages DJIA道琼斯工业平均指数drug pipeline 新药开发工程储藏dry natural gas 枯燥天然气,成品天然气dual listing 两地上市due diligence 财政尽职查询拜访duopoly 双寡头垄断Dutch disease 荷兰病dynamic hedge 动态对冲dynamic provisioning 动态筹办金earnings accretive 〔收购〕业绩增厚earnings before interest and tax EBIT息税前利润earnings dilutive 〔收购〕业绩摊薄earnings yield 收益率EBITDA 息税折旧及摊销前利润EBITDA margin 息税折旧摊销前利润率econometrics 计量经济学economic added value EV A经济附加值effective gearing 有效杠杆率efficient frontier 有效前沿efficient market hypothesis 有效市场假说efficient portfolio 有效资产组合electronic communication network 电子通讯网络embedded computers 嵌入式电脑embedded value 内含价值enhanced index 增强型指数基金enterprise resource planning 企业资源方案〔软件〕enterprise value 企业价值EPS earnings per share 每股收益equity risk premium 股权风险溢价ethical investing 道德投资eurobond 国际债券eurocurrency 欧洲货币eurodollar 欧洲美元european options 欧式期权exceptional item 特殊工程excercise price 行使价格excess return 额外回报exchange rate risk 汇率风险Exchange Traded Funds 交易所交易基金ex-dividend 除息execution risk 执行风险exotic options 奇异期权expected return 预期收益,预期回报expense ratio 开支比率,费用率ex-rights 除权extroadinary general meeting 股东出格大会extroadinary item 非经常工程F score Piotroski 皮氏分数fabless semiconductor company 无厂半导体公司face value 〔股票〕票面价值factoring 保付代办署理,保理fair value 公允价格fast market 速动市场fat tails 厚尾fill or kill FOK 成交或打消finance lease 融资租赁资产financial economics 金融经济学first in first out FIFO 先进先出first mover advantage/pioneer advantage 先驱优势Fisher hypothesis 费雪效应fixed asset turnover 固定资产周转率fixed assets 固定资产fixed costs 固定本钱fixed interest rate 固定利率fixed odds betting terminals 固定赔率终端机floating interest rate 浮动利率floating rate note FRN浮动利率本票footfall 客流量forward contract 远期合约forward integration 前向一体化forward rate 远期汇率forwardation 期货溢价free asset ratio 自由资产比率free cash flow 自由现金流free float 自由浮动front office 办理部分front running 抢先交易FTSE index 富时指数fundamental analysis 根本面阐发fungible 可互换的gamma Gamma=delta的变化/期货价格的变化GDP delfator GDP平减指数gearing 杠杆比率generally accepted accounting principles GAAP一般公认会计准则generic drug 通用名药物geometric mean 几何平均值Giffen good 吉芬商品,生活必需品global depository receipt 全球存托凭证going concern 持续经营golden share 黄金股good news 利好动静goodwill 商誉Gordon growth model 戈登增长模型government bonds 国库券greater fool 最大笨伯理论greeks 希腊字母delta,gamme,etc. green mail 绿票讹诈gross margin 毛利率gross price/dirty price 含息价格gross profit 毛利growth investing 成长型投资guaranteed debt 担保债券haircut 估值折扣,剃头harmonized index of consumer index 调和消费者物价指数hedonic price index 特征价格指数high frequency trading 高频交易historical cost 原始本钱historical PE 历史市盈率horizontal integration 横向一体化,程度一体化hybrid security 混合证券iceberg order 冰山指令Imbedded Value 内含价值immediate or cancel order 当即执行或打消指令impairment 〔某项资产〕减损implied volatility 隐含波动性in the money 实值期权income effect 收入效应income elasticity 收入弹性index futures 指数期货index tracker 指数基金inferior good 劣质商品initial public offerings 初次公开募股initial share 原始股insolvent 无债务归还能力inter-dealer broker 交易商经纪interest coverage 利息覆蓋率=EBITDA÷利息支出interest margin 利息收益率interest rate parity 利率平价interest rate risk 利率风险interest spread 利差交易internal rate of return 内部报答率International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS国际财政陈述准则International Securities Identification Number ISIN国际证券识别码intra-market arbitrage 跨市套利intrinsic value 〔期权〕内在价值investment trust 信托投资基金investor relations 投资者关系invoice discounting 发票贴现Islamic Banking 伊斯兰银行joint venture 合资企业JP Morgan Chase 摩根大通junior debt 次级债务junk bond 垃圾债券key performance indicators KPI关键绩效指标Laffer curve 拉弗曲线last in first out LIFO 后进先出leveraged buy-out 杠杆收购limit 涨跌停板limit order 限价指示单limited liability 有限责任liquidity premium 流动性升水理论Lloyd's of London 劳合社Loan Life Coverage Ratio LLCR负债偿债能力比率long position 多头仓位long term liabilities 持久债务look ahead bias 前视偏误macroeconomic derivatives 宏不雅经济衍生品majority shareholder 大都股东management buy in 外部办理者收购management buy out 办理层收购mandatory offer 强制要约marginal cost 边际本钱marginal revenue 边际收益mark to market 逐日盯市mark to model 按模型订价market based security MBS住房典质贷款证券market capitalization 市值market maker 做市商,庄家market neutral 〔对冲基金〕市场中性策略market order 市价订单market penetration 市场渗透market portfolio 市场投资组合market size 市场规模mean reversion 〔股票〕均值回归mechanical investing 机械化投资media convergence 媒介融合median 〔数列的〕中值megatrend 大趋势merger arbitration 合并套利mezzanine fund 夹层基金middle market 中型投资银行middle office 中间部分mid-price 中间价minority interests 少数股东利益model risk 模型风险Modified Internal Rate of Return 修正后内部报答率momentum investment 惯性投资money market fund, money fund 货币基金money multiplier credit multiplier货币乘数monoline insurance 单一险种保险monopsony 买方垄断moral hazard 道德风险Morgan Stanley Capital International MSCI摩根斯坦利国际本钱指数moving average 移动平均multi manager fund 多元经理人基金mutual funds 共同基金,投资基金Nash Equilibrium 纳什均衡negative carry 负盈利net asset value NA V资产净值Net Operating Profit After Tax NOPAT税后净营业利润net position 持仓净额net present value NPV净现值net realisable value 可变现净值network effects 网络效应,网络外部性new issue 新发行nominal interest rates 名义利率non-interest income 非利息收入non-recourse debt 无追索权债务normal distribution 正态分布notes to accounts 账项附注off-balance sheet accounting 表外会计off-balance sheet financing 表外融资offer price 卖出价,卖方价格oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopsony 寡头买主垄断,采购权垄断OPEC basket price 欧佩克石油平均价open ended investment company OEIC开放式投资公司open market operations 公开市场业务open offer 公开供股open outcry 公开喊价operating cash flow 营运现金流operating cash flow ratio 经营现金流量比率operating gearing 经营杠杆operating margin 营业利润率option 期权option writer, option seller 期权卖方ore concentrate 铁精矿organic growth 内生增长,内部增长orphan drugs 〔治罕见病的〕“孤儿药〞OTC 非处方类药物out of the money 虚值期权outstanding accounts 未清账项overnight rate 隔夜利率overtrading 过量交易,炒单pair trade 配对交易par value 票面价值Pareto Optimal 帕累托最优pari passau 权利相等passenger load factor 客座率,乘客运载率passive investing 消极投资patent troll 专利蟑螂,专利地痞payback period 投资回收期法payout ratio 股息支付率PEG 市盈率增长率perpetuity 永久年金PLUS market 英国PLUS市场point of sale 发卖点终端机poison pill 〔恶意收购的〕毒丸方案portable alpha 可转移阿尔法portfolio investment 证券投资portfolio mandate 投资委托书possible reserves 〔石油〕可能储量post-modern portfolio theory 后现代投资组合理论pre-emption rights 优先认股权premium 保险费,〔期货〕贴水premium written 签单保费prepayments 预付账款price elasticity 价格弹性price sensitive 价格敏感度price/book value 市净率price/cashflow 市现率primary market 一级市场prime brokerage 机构经纪primer operating cost 主营业务本钱principal 本金private equity 私募股权投资probable reserves 〔石油〕概算储量product differentiation 产物差别化profit margin 边际利润profit margin 发卖净利率profit warning 利润预警profit-taking 获利回吐project finance 工程融资propriety trading 自誉交易prospective PE 预估市盈率、未来市盈率prospectus 招股说明书proven oil reserves 已探明石油储量provisions 筹办金psychographics 心理变数public switched telecom network PSTN公共交换网purchase method 购置法pure play 单一经营法,单一业务put options 看跌期权put-call parity 买卖权平价关系qualified audit opinion 保留审计定见quality of earnings 收益质量quantitative easing 量化宽松quantitative finance 数量金融、计量金融quote driven 报价驱动quoted company 上市公司random walk 随机安步理论real estate investment trust 不动产投资基金real interest rates 实际利率real option 本色选择权real option 实物期权realised volatility 实际波动率receiver 接管人record date 股权登记日recovery 〔石油、矿产〕采收red chip 红筹股redeemable 可赎回的redemption yield, yield to maturity YTM到期收益率reducing balance 余额递减法registered security 实名股regulatory capital arbitrage 监管本钱套利regulatory capture theory 规制俘虏理论reinsurance 再保险reinsurance retention ratio 再保险自留比率relative PE 相对市盈率relative returns 相对回报replacement cost 重置本钱replacement cycle 〔设备〕重置周期repo rate 再买回利率repurchase agreement Repo附买回协议research and development R&D研发reserve replacement ratio 〔石油〕储量替代率reserve requirement 银行存款筹办金比率resistence line 阻力线〔向下回调的高点〕resource curse “资源诅咒〞retail format 零售业态retained earning 保留利润,未分配利润retained profit 保留盈余、本钱公积return on assets 资产回报率return on average assets 平均资产回报return on capital employed ROCE已动用本钱回报return on equity 股本回报率return on investment 投资回报率revaluation reserve 重估储藏revenue recognition 收入确认reverse takeover 反向收购rights issue 股票认购权发行risk aversion 躲避风险risk diversification 分散风险risk free rate 无风险收益率risk premium 风险溢价risk weighted assets 风险加权资产sale and leaseback 售后租回sales mix 发卖组合scenario planning 情景规划scrip dividend 以股代息second board market 创业板sector PE 行业平均市盈率secular trend 持久趋势securities market line 证券市场线securitisation 证券化selection bias 选择性偏差sell-side analyst 卖方阐发师semi-variable costs 半变更本钱senior debt 优先级债务sequential growth 环比增长share consolidation 股票合并share split 股票分割shareholder's fund 股东资金short selling 卖空shrinkage 库存缩水single premium 趸交保费single price 一价定律small cap 小盘股solvency margin 〔保险公司的)偿付能力额度solvency ratio 清偿能力比率sovereign risk 主权风险sovereign wealth fund 主权财富基金special dividend 出格红利spin off/demerger 分拆〔公司〕spot price 现货价格spread 价差stamp duty 印花税standard deviation 尺度偏差static hedge 静态对冲statistical arbitrage 统计套利stock turnover/ inventory turnover 存货周转率stop loss 斩仓strike price 行使价格structured investment vehicle 布局性投资东西structured notes 布局化单据style drift 风格漂移style index 风格指数subordinated debt 次级债务subsidiary company 子公司substitution effect 〔商品的〕替代效应sum of parts valuation 〔给公司〕分类加总的估值方法sunk costs 漂浮本钱support levels 支撑位〔向上反弹的低点〕survivorship bias 保留偏差swaps 掉期synergy 协同效应systemic risk 系统性风险take position 开仓tangible common equity 有形普通股tax shield 税盾thin capitalisation 本钱弱化tier 1 capital/ core capital 核心本钱、一级本钱tier 2 capital 二级本钱total cost of ownership 总体拥有本钱tracking error 追踪误差tracking stock 追踪股票trading profit 营业利润trailing twelve months TTM比来十二个月transfer pricing 转移订价treasury bill 短期国库券treasury shares 库存股triple witching 股价指数期货、期权及个股期权同时到期。
计量术语对照表

英汉对照计量经济学术语A校正R2(Adjusted R-Squared):多元回归分析中拟合优度的量度,在估计误差的方差时对添加的解释变量用一个自由度来调整。
对立假设(Alternative Hypothesis):检验虚拟假设时的相对假设。
AR(1)序列相关(AR(1) Serial Correlation):时间序列回归模型中的误差遵循AR(1)模型。
渐近臵信区间(Asymptotic Confidence Interval):大样本容量下近似成立的臵信区间。
渐近正态性(Asymptotic Normality):适当正态化后样本分布收敛到标准正态分布的估计量。
渐近性质(Asymptotic Properties):当样本容量无限增长时适用的估计量和检验统计量性质。
渐近标准误(Asymptotic Standard Error):大样本下生效的标准误。
渐近t统计量(Asymptotic t Statistic):大样本下近似服从标准正态分布的t统计量。
渐近方差(Asymptotic Variance):为了获得渐近标准正态分布,我们必须用以除估计量的平方值。
渐近有效(Asymptotically Efficient):对于服从渐近正态分布的一致性估计量,有最小渐近方差的估计量。
渐近不相关(Asymptotically Uncorrelated):时间序列过程中,随着两个时点上的随机变量的时间间隔增加,它们之间的相关趋于零。
衰减偏误(Attenuation Bias):总是朝向零的估计量偏误,因而有衰减偏误的估计量的期望值小于参数的绝对值。
自回归条件异方差性(Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, ARCH):动态异方差性模型,即给定过去信息,误差项的方差线性依赖于过去的误差的平方。
一阶自回归过程[AR(1)](Autoregressive Process of Order One [AR(1)]):一个时间序列模型,其当前值线性依赖于最近的值加上一个无法预测的扰动。
(完整版)计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照

Econometrics 专业词汇中英文对照(按课件顺序)Ch1-3Causal effects:因果影响,指的是当x变化时,会引起y的变化;Elasticity:弹性;correlation (coefficient) 相关(系数),相关系数没有单位,unit free;estimation:估计;hypothesis testing:假设检验;confidence interval:置信区间;difference-in-means test:均值差异检验,即检验两个样本的均值是否相同;standard error:标准差;statistical inference:统计推断;Moments of distribution:分布的矩函数;conditional distribution (means):条件分布(均值);variance:方差;standard deviation:标准差(指总体方差的平方根);standard error:标准误差,指样本方差的平方根;skewness:偏度,度量分布的对称性;kurtosis:峰度,度量厚尾性,即度量离散程度;joint distribution:联合分布;conditional expectation:条件期望(指总体);randomness:随机性i.i.d., independently and identically distributed:独立同分布的;sampling distribution:抽样分布,指的是当抽取不同的随机样本时,统计量的取值会有所不同,而当取遍所有的样本量为n的样本时,统计量有一个取值规律,即抽样分布,即统计量的随机性来自样本的随机性consistent (consistency):相合的(相合性),指当样本量趋于无穷大时,估计量依概率收敛到真实值;此外,在统计的语言中,还有一个叫模型选择的相合性,指的是能依概率选取到正确的模型Central limit theory:中心极限定理;unbiased estimator:无偏估计量;uncertainty:不确定性;approximation:逼近;least squares estimator:最小二乘估计量;provisional decision:临时的决定,用于假设检验,指的是,我们现在下的结论是基于现在的数据的,如果数据变化,我们的结论可能会发生变化significance level:显著性水平,一般取0.05或者0.01,0.1,是一个预先给定的数值,指的是在原假设成立的假设下,我们可能犯的错误的概率,即拒绝原假设的概率;p-value:p-值,指的是观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的概率,一般p-值很小的时候要拒绝原假设,因为这说明要观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的情况的概率很小,进而说明现在的统计量很极端。
计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照

Econometrics 专业词汇中英文对照(按课件顺序)Ch1-3Causal effects:因果影响,指的是当x变化时,会引起y的变化;Elasticity:弹性;correlation (coefficient) 相关(系数),相关系数没有单位,unit free;estimation:估计;hypothesis testing:假设检验;confidence interval:置信区间;difference-in-means test:均值差异检验,即检验两个样本的均值是否相同;standard error:标准差;statistical inference:统计推断;Moments of distribution:分布的矩函数;conditional distribution (means):条件分布(均值);variance:方差;standard deviation:标准差(指总体方差的平方根);standard error:标准误差,指样本方差的平方根;skewness:偏度,度量分布的对称性;kurtosis:峰度,度量厚尾性,即度量离散程度;joint distribution:联合分布;conditional expectation:条件期望(指总体);randomness:随机性i.i.d., independently and identically distributed:独立同分布的;sampling distribution:抽样分布,指的是当抽取不同的随机样本时,统计量的取值会有所不同,而当取遍所有的样本量为n的样本时,统计量有一个取值规律,即抽样分布,即统计量的随机性来自样本的随机性consistent (consistency):相合的(相合性),指当样本量趋于无穷大时,估计量依概率收敛到真实值;此外,在统计的语言中,还有一个叫模型选择的相合性,指的是能依概率选取到正确的模型Central limit theory:中心极限定理;unbiased estimator:无偏估计量;uncertainty:不确定性;approximation:逼近;least squares estimator:最小二乘估计量;provisional decision:临时的决定,用于假设检验,指的是,我们现在下的结论是基于现在的数据的,如果数据变化,我们的结论可能会发生变化significance level:显著性水平,一般取0.05或者0.01,0.1,是一个预先给定的数值,指的是在原假设成立的假设下,我们可能犯的错误的概率,即拒绝原假设的概率;p-value:p-值,指的是观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的概率,一般p-值很小的时候要拒绝原假设,因为这说明要观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的情况的概率很小,进而说明现在的统计量很极端。
经济学中常见术语(中英文对照)

经济术语价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价(船上交货价)FOB—free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价)C&F—cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF—cost,insurance and freight裙带资本主义(Crony Capitalism)道德风险(Moral Hazard)产权(property rights)公地悲剧(Tragedy of the commons)垄断(monopoly)逆向选择(adverse selection)常用经济学术语:economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital,working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current—account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque,cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business,no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote,note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder,stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手,空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance,grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive,producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods,finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩农业farming林业forestry畜牧业animal husbandry副业sideline production渔业fishing第一产业primary industry第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry生产资料means of production生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence生产关系relations of production生产力productive forces公有制public ownership私有制private ownership全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership厉行节约,反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste外资企业foreign—funded enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded ente。
计量经济学中英文词汇对照

Common variance Common variation Communality variance Comparability Comparison of bathes Comparison value Compartment model Compassion Complement of an event Complete association Complete dissociation Complete statistics Completely randomized design Composite event Composite events Concavity Conditional expectation Conditional likelihood Conditional probability Conditionally linear Confidence interval Confidence limit Confidence lower limit Confidence upper limit Confirmatory Factor Analysis Confirmatory research Confounding factor Conjoint Consistency Consistency check Consistent asymptotically normal estimate Consistent estimate Constrained nonlinear regression Constraint Contaminated distribution Contaminated Gausssian Contaminated normal distribution Contamination Contamination model Contingency table Contour Contribution rate Control
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计量经济学术语A校正R2(Adjusted R-Squared):多元回归分析中拟合优度的量度,在估计误差的方差时对添加的解释变量用一个自由度来调整。
对立假设(Alternative Hypothesis):检验虚拟假设时的相对假设。
AR(1)序列相关(AR(1) Serial Correlation):时间序列回归模型中的误差遵循AR(1)模型。
渐近置信区间(Asymptotic Confidence Interval):大样本容量下近似成立的置信区间。
渐近正态性(Asymptotic Normality):适当正态化后样本分布收敛到标准正态分布的估计量。
渐近性质(Asymptotic Properties):当样本容量无限增长时适用的估计量和检验统计量性质。
渐近标准误(Asymptotic Standard Error):大样本下生效的标准误。
渐近t 统计量(Asymptotic t Statistic):大样本下近似服从标准正态分布的t 统计量。
渐近方差(Asymptotic Variance):为了获得渐近标准正态分布,我们必须用以除估计量的平方值。
渐近有效(Asymptotically Efficient):对于服从渐近正态分布的一致性估计量,有最小渐近方差的估计量。
渐近不相关(Asymptotically Uncorrelated):时间序列过程中,随着两个时点上的随机变量的时间间隔增加,它们之间的相关趋于零。
衰减偏误(Attenuation Bias):总是朝向零的估计量偏误,因而有衰减偏误的估计量的期望值小于参数的绝对值。
自回归条件异方差性(Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity, ARCH):动态异方差性模型,即给定过去信息,误差项的方差线性依赖于过去的误差的平方。
一阶自回归过程[AR(1)](Autoregressive Process of Order One [AR(1)]):一个时间序列模型,其当前值线性依赖于最近的值加上一个无法预测的扰动。
辅助回归(Auxiliary Regression):用于计算检验统计量——例如异方差性和序列相关的检验统计量——或其他任何不估计主要感兴趣的模型的回归。
平均值(Average):n 个数之和除以n。
B基组、基准组(Base Group):在包含虚拟解释变量的多元回归模型中,由截距代表的组。
基期(Base Period):对于指数数字,例如价格或生产指数,其他所有时期均用来作为衡量标准的时期。
基期值(Base value):指定的基期的值,用以构造指数数字;通常基本值为1 或100。
最优线性无偏估计量(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator, BLUE):在所有线性、无偏估计量中,有最小方差的估计量。
在高斯—马尔科夫假定下,OLS 是以解释变量样本值为条件的BLUE 。
贝塔系数(Beta Coef?cients):见标准化系数。
偏误(Bias):估计量的期望参数值与总体参数值之差。
偏误估计量(Biased Estimator):期望或抽样平均与假设要估计的总体值有差异的估计量。
向零的偏误(Biased Towards Zero):描述的是估计量的期望绝对值小于总体参数的绝对值。
二值响应模型(Binary Response Model):二值因变量的模型。
二值变量(Binary Variable):见虚拟变量。
两变量回归模型(Bivariate Regression Model):见简单线性回归模型。
BLUE(BLUE):见最优线性无偏估计量。
Breusch-Godfrey 检验(Breusch-Godfrey Test):渐近正确的AR(p)序列相关检验,以AR(1)最为流行;该检验考虑到滞后因变量和其他不是严格外生的回归元。
Breusch-Pagan 检验(Breusch-Pagan Test):将OLS 残差的平方对模型中的解释变量做回归的异方差性检验。
C因果效应(Causal Effect):一个变量在其余条件不变情况下的变化对另一个变量产生的影响。
其余条件不变(Ceteris Paribus):其他所有相关因素均保持固定不变。
经典含误差变量(Classical Errors-in-Variables, CEV):观测的量度等于实际变量加上一个独立的或至少不相关的测量误差的测量误差模型。
经典线性模型(Classical Linear Model):全套经典线性模型假定下的复线性回归模型。
经典线性模型(CLM)假定(Classical Linear Model (CLM) Assumptions):对多元回归分析的理想假定集,对横截面分析为假定MLR.1 至MLR.6,对时间序列分析为假定TS.1 至TS.6。
假定包括对参数为线性、无完全共线性、零条件均值、同方差、无序列相关和误差正态性。
科克伦—奥克特(CO)估计(Cochrane-Orcutt (CO) Estimation):估计含AR(1)误差和严格外生解释变量的多元线性回归模型的一种方法;与普莱斯—温斯登估计不同,科克伦—奥克特估计不使用第一期的方程。
置信区间(CI)(Con?dence Interval, CI):用于构造随机区间的规则,以使所有数据集中的某一百分比(由置信水平决定)给出包含总体值的区间。
置信水平(Con?dence Level):我们想要可能的样本置信区间包含总体值的百分比,95%是最常见的置信水平,90%和99%也用。
不变弹性模型(Constant Elasticity Model):因变量关于解释变量的弹性为常数的模型;在多元回归中,两者均以对数形式出现。
同期外生回归元(Contemporaneously Exogenous):在时间序列或综列数据应用中,与同期误差项不相关但对其他时期则不一定的回归元。
控制组(Control Group):在项目评估中,不参与该项目的组。
控制变量(Control Variable):见解释变量。
协方差平稳(Covariance Stationary):时间序列过程,其均值、方差为常数,且序列中任意两个随机变量之间的协方差仅与它们的间隔有关。
协变量(Covariate):见解释变量。
临界值(Critical value):在假设检验中,用于与检验统计量比较来决定是否拒绝虚拟假设的值。
横截面数据集(Cross-Sectional Data Set):在给定时点上从总体中收集的数据集D数据频率(Data Frequency):收集时间序列数据的区间。
年度、季度和月度是最常见的数据频率。
戴维森—麦金农检验(Davidson-MacKinnon Test):用于检验相对于非嵌套对立假设的模型的检验:它可用相争持模型中得出的拟合值的t 检验来实现。
自由度(df)(Degrees of Freedom, df):在多元回归模型分析中,观测值的个数减去待估参数的个数。
分母自由度(Denominator Degrees of Freedom):F 检验中无约束模型的自由度。
因变量(Dependent Variable):在多元回归模型(和其他各种模型)中被解释的变量。
除趋势(Detrending):从时间序列中除去趋势的做法。
斜率级差(Difference in Slopes):所描述的是模型中某些斜率参数,因组或时期的不同而不同。
向下偏误(Downward Bias):估计量的期望值低于参数的总体值。
虚拟变量(Dummy Variable):取值为0 或1 的变量。
虚拟变量陷阱(Dummy Variable Regression):自变量中包含了过多的虚拟变量造成的错误;当模型中既有整体截距又对每一组都设有一个虚拟变量时,该陷阱就产生了。
德宾—沃森(DW)统计量(Durbin-Watson (DW) Statistic):在经典线性回归假设下,用于检验时间序列回归模型的误差项中的一阶序列相关的统计量。
动态完整模型(Dynamically Complete Model):设更多的滞后因变量,或设更多的滞后解释变量都无助于解释因变量的均值的时间序列模型。
E计量经济模型(Econometric Model):将因变量与一组解释变量和未观测到的扰动联系起来的方程,方程中未知的总体参数决定了各解释变量在其余条件不变下的效应。
经济模型(Economic Model):从经济理论或不那么正规的经济原因中得出的关系。
经济显著性(Economic Signi?cance):见实际显著性。
弹性(Elasticity):给定一个变量在其余条件不变下增加1%,另一个变量的百分比变化。
经验分析(Empirical Analysis):用正规计量分析中的数据检验理论、估计关系式或确定政策效应的研究。
内生解释变量(Endogenous Explanatory Variable):在多元回归模型中,由于遗漏变量、测量误差或联立性的原因而与误差项相关的解释变量。
内生样本选择(Endogenous Sample Selection):非随机样本选择,其选择直接地或通过方程中的误差项与因变量相联系。
误差项(Error Term):在简单或多元回归方程中,包含了未观测到的影响因变量的因素的变量。
误差项也可能包含被观测的因变量或自变量中的测量误差。
误差方差(Error Variance):多元回归模型中误差项的方差。
事件研究(Event Study):事件(例如政府规制或经济政策的变化)对结果变量的效应的计量分析。
排除一个有关变量(Excluding a Relevant Variable):在多元回归分析中,遗漏了一个对因变量有非零偏效应的变量。
排斥性约束(Exclusion Restrictions):说明某些变量被排斥在模型之外(或具有零总体参数)的约束。
外生解释变量(Exogenous Explanatory Variable):与误差项不相关的解释变量。
外生样本选择(Exogenous Sample Selection):或者依赖外生解释变量,或者与所感兴趣的模型中的误差项不相关的样本选择。
实验数据(Experimental Data):通过进行受控制的实验获得的数据。
试验组(Experimental Group):见处理组。
解释平方和(SSE)(Explained Sum of Squares, SSE):多元回归模型中拟合值的总样本变异。
被解释变量(Explained Variable):见因变量。
解释变量(Explanatory Variable):在回归分析中,用于解释因变量中的变异的变量。