高考英语系动词专项讲解 (共44张PPT)

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与turn,grow)
II.系动词分类:
• 一、根据系动词后所跟结构,分为两大类 :完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词, 如be)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系 动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词 用,如look)
• He looked sad at the news.
(“看起来”,系动词用法)
• He looks at a clever boy.
2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.,分词。 • The flowers smell sweet. 3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.,分词。 • The music sounds sweet. 4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.,分词。 • The apples taste very good.
• The train didn’t get going again.
• It’s nothing to get excited about.
• My watch gets out of order.
2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常 接以下形容词:
• asleep, silent, ill, sick • The old man, unable to express
• 总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的 意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动 词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel, smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环 境。 以smell为例
①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词 ,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于 进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连 用。
我们一定要弄清事实。 • The Children make free with the
apples. 孩子们随便吃苹果。
D.双谓语系动词 • 此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语
,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如: • The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。 • She stopped and stood quite still. • The book lay open on the table. • The snow lay thick on the ground. • He married young. • The window blew open.
• The dinner smells good.
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问 题
• 某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形 容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意 思是“越来越……”。
• He is growing taller and taller.
(“看着”,实义动词用法)
• 在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义 动词用法,又有系动词用法。常见的有:
• listen, look ,touch ,hear,see , sound ,feel, taste ,remain ,keep ,stay, turn,become
二、根据系动词的意义,分为四类:
himself, fell silent. • My father fell ill and died. 3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得Hale Waihona Puke Baidu • You will grow used to it. • It’s growing warm.
4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色 彩或性质),变质(色)”。
系动词
• 系动词又称联系动词,作为系动词,它本 身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必 须跟表语(也称补语),构成系表结构说 明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
• 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实 义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
• He fell ill yesterday.
(fall是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况
• The doctor is feeling her pulse.
• 医生正在给她把脉(有意识的动态动作)
• The soup tastes good.
• 这汤的味道不错(静态性质,无进行时)
• The cook is tasting the soup.厨师在尝 汤的味道。(动态动作,有进行时)
A.五大感官系动词 B.状态系动词
C.动态系动词
D.双谓语系动词
• A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。 由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词
1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分 词、介词短语、不定式等。
• The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.
7.prove “证明是”,半系动词,后接adj. ,n.
• The treatment proved to be successful.
C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态 变化过程。
1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形 容词、分词、介词短语。
• The days are getting longer and longer.
8.run,“变成”,后接adj. • The well has run dry. • The price ran high. 9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],
如sure, certain, merry, bold, free • We must make certain of facts.
• The camels can smell the water a mile off.
• 骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。
②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用 于进行时态。
• The girl is smelling the flower.
③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气 味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时 态。
3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动 词。
• He appeared tired and sleepy.
• It appeared(to be)a true story.
• Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem. (在我看来)
4.keep, “保持……的状态”,半系动词, 后接adj或介词短语。
• You’d better go to bed and keep warm.
5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。
• I remained silent.
6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词, 后接adj.、过去分词。
• The window stayed open all the night.
III.系动词用法应注意的八个问题
1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论
• 一般,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系 动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下,状态 系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:
(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:
• He is being kind.
他装出和蔼可亲的样子(一时而不能持久的 性质)
• He fell off the ladder.
(fall是实义动词,单独作谓语。)
1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: • He is a teacher. (is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 • 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度
,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: • He always kept silent at meeting. • This matter rests a mystery.
表达"证实","变成"之意,例如: • The rumor proved false. • The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 • His plan turned out a success. (turn out表
终止性结果)
I、常见系动词错误及其成因: (1)漏掉系动词 • I afraid he won't come tomorrow . ( 2 )误用系动词 • His hair changed grey .(混淆了change
• Maple trees turn red in autumn.
• It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.
• He has turned writer. (注意:此时writer之前无冠词a.)
• 5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)” • The telephone has gone dead.
5.feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉 得”,后接adj
• The silk feels very soft. • You will feel better after a night’s
sleep. B.状态系动词: 1.be,“是”,完全系动词。 • I am a student. 2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。 • They seem quite happy.
• His wish to become a pilot has come true.
• If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.
• My shoelaces have come undone.
• 后面常接的形容词还有:apart, dear(昂 贵),natural, open, untied(松开)。
3)表像系动词 • 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有
seem, appear, look, 例如: • He looks tired. • He seems (to be) very sad. 4)感官系动词 • 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: • This kind of cloth feels very soft. • This flower smells very sweet.
• 6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情 况)”
• He became angry with me.
• It became dark.
• They became good friends.
• I became interested in drawing.
7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实 为”,后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作 表语,表示状态或情况的变化。
(2)表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、 亲切。例如:
• I hope you are keeping well. (语气委婉) • Are you feeling any better? (语气亲切) • 试比较: • Your hand feels cold. • 你的手摸起来冰凉(无意识的静态性质 ) • 不可以说: • Your hand is feeling cold.(×)
• The material has gone a funny colour. (奇怪)
• go之后常接的adj. 还有:bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey
5)变化系动词 • 表示主语变成什么样,有become, grow, turn,
fall, get, go, come, run • He became mad after that. • She grew rich within a short time. 6)终止系动词 • 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out,
• Our life is getting better and better.
• The things are getting worse.
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论
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