《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语
新编英语语法教程第26讲
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表 达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in) I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一 本小说。(同上) The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in ) The length is measured in meter, kilometer, and centimeter. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位 来计算的。(同上) This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的， 不是金铸的。
有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in 例： The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形) The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形) "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。 (无形) The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种 产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方 式、手段、方法——无形)
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in 特征或状态： 例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。 They found the patient in a coma. 他们发 现病人处于昏迷状态。 He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身 体一直不好。 Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝 望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。 The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。 The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪 流满面。 Her clothes were in rags. 她 的衣跟穿破了。
新编英语语法教程
附特殊用法: A 表达某种情绪 I happen to drop in on her once and you make such an
issue of it. B 死者言论著作,仍有影响 Darwin believes that natural selection is the chief factor
4 现在进行体的其他用法 A 表示刚过去的动作 You don’t believe it I’m telling the truth. B 婉转的语气 I’m hoping you’ll give us some advice.
11.4 过去进行体的用法 1 表示过去某时正在进行的动作 What were you doing yesterday at seven p.m The students were still laughing when the teacher stepped
B 既定事实 Tomorrow is Sunday.
5 表示过去时间
能用一般现在表示过去的动词有 tell, say, hear, learn, gather 等.
一般用于转述别人不久前对自己说的话,尤其时所说的情 况现在依然存在，
Eg: Alice tells me you’re entering college next year. I hear poor old Mrs Yang has lost her son.
8.滚石不生苔. A: A rolling stone gathers no moss. 9.熟能生巧. A: Practice makes perfect. 10. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好.
One who laughs last laughs best.
2020年新编常用英语语法术语表-中英名师精品资料
常用英语语法术语表达语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word单纯词simple word派生词derivative复合词compound词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词dynamic verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adverb of adjunct连接性副词adverb of conjunct 疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence基本句型basic sentence patern否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence句子成分members of sentences主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时simple present tense一般过去时simple past tense一般将来时simple future tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation。
新编英语语法教程讲
9.
exaggeration
10. measurement 11. purity
12.
persistence
13. extension
14. statement
15.
generosity
第5页/共27页
II. Number forms of nouns
1. Regular and irregular plural a) Regular plural (p.p. 42-44) b) Irregular plural (p.p. 44-45)
类别
定义
例词
按 构 词 法
按 词 汇 意 义
按语 法特 征
简单名词 复合名词
派生名词
普 个体名词 通 集体名词 名 物质名词 词 抽象名词
专有名词
可数名词 单数式 复数式
不可数名词
包含一个自由词素的名词 由两个或两个以上自由词 素合成的名词 由动词、形容词、简单 名词+词缀构成的名词
man, chair, land, ship armchair, farmland, seaside, roommate arrangement, expectation, ability, greatness
“What a mess!” she said,
若要计数，就 得使用语义上 与之对应的个
体名词
He joined in the laughter.
with a laugh.
He looked shocked, then This scene gets one of the
burst into laughter.
2）“of + 名词” 格：用于无生命的名词之后，作该名词的 后置定语。 （参见 b) ， p. 55）
新编英语语法教程主要章节语法术语
新编英语语法教程主要章节语法术语
1.语言和语法的相关概念：本章主要介绍了语言的定义，语法的作用以及语法的分类和相关的术语。
2.词汇的构成：本章主要介绍了英语词汇的构成方式，包括基本词汇和派生词汇，并介绍了常见的词缀和词根。
3.词性和句法：本章主要介绍了英语中常见的词性，如名词、动词、形容词，以及它们在句子中的不同功能和用法。
4.时态和语态：本章主要介绍了英语中的各种时态和语态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、被动语态等。
5.句子成分和句子结构：本章主要介绍了英语句子的基本成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等，并介绍了不同类型的句子结构。
6.从句和复合句：本章主要介绍了从句的种类和用法，包括名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句，并介绍了如何构建复合句。
7.语法错误和修正：本章主要介绍了常见的语法错误和如何进行语法修正，以帮助学习者避免语法错误。
8.句子的语法和语义关系：本章主要介绍了句子中不同成分之间的语法和语义关系，包括主谓关系、主宾关系、感官动词和宾语关系等。
在每个章节中，教材会以简洁明了的语言解释各种语法规则，并通过例句和练习来帮助学习者理解和运用这些规则。
此外，教材还会提供一些提示和技巧，以帮助学习者更好地掌握英语语法。
通过学习新编英语语法教程，学习者可以系统地了解和掌握英语语法知识，提高英语写作和口语表达的准确性和流利度。
《新编英语语法教程》1-3
句 子 成 分 主 主 语
定
义
常用词类或表现形式
名词、代词、数词、名词化的其 他词类、不定式、动名词、分句 单个/并列实意动词或短语动词 情态动词+原形动词 系动词+主语的表语（名词、代 词、数词、形容词、副词、介词 短语、非谓语动词、从句） 不及物动词come, go, leave, arrive, return, rise, die, live 等 + 名词、形容词或分词 名词、代词、数词、名词化的其 他词类、不定式、动名词、分句
Questions and answers based on the introduction to English Grammar
Lecture 1
Sentence Structure
( p.p.13—21)
I. Clause elements
Subject (p.13) Predication (p.13) Predicate verb Object (direct object, indirect object, complex object) Complement (subject complement, object complement) Predicative Adverbial Attributive/ Attribute Appositive e.g. S1: Henry is the most studious in the class. S4: Jennie’s paintings were judged inferior to Wanda’s. The experts judged Jennie’s paintings inferior to Wanda’s.
要 成 分 谓 语
《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语
《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语第一章：基本语法概念本章主要介绍了英语语法的基本概念，如句子、名词、动词、形容词、副词等。
学习者可以通过本章了解英语基本语法结构和用法。
第二章：句子成分本章讲解了句子的主要成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
学习者可以通过本章学会如何分析句子的成分，理解句子的结构。
第三章：时态与语态本章详细解释了英语中的各种时态和语态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、被动语态等。
学习者可以通过本章掌握不同时态和语态的用法。
第四章：句子类型本章探讨了英语中的各种句子类型，如陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等。
学习者可以通过本章学会如何构造和使用不同类型的句子。
第五章：从句与主从复合句本章介绍了从句的概念及其分类，如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
学习者可以通过本章了解从句的结构和用法，以及如何构造主从复合句。
第六章：非谓语动词本章讲解了非谓语动词的种类和用法，如不定式、动名词、分词等。
学习者可以通过本章学会使用非谓语动词来丰富自己的表达方式。
第七章：语法辨析与干扰本章列举了一些常见的语法错误和干扰问题，如时态混淆、主谓一致、被动语态与进行时的区别等。
学习者可以通过本章学会避免这些常见错误。
第八章：语法综合运用本章提供了一些综合性的语法习题，帮助学习者巩固和应用所学的语法知识。
通过完成这些习题，学习者可以提高语法分析和应用能力。
以上是《新编英语语法教程》主要章节和一些重要的语法术语的介绍。
这本书的内容较为全面，适合英语学习者系统学习和掌握英语语法知识。
《新编英语教程》1-2册语法点
Book IUnit 1 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别；过去进行时；过去完成时1. The simple past and the present perfect contrasted2. The past progressive3. The past perfectUnit 2 if、wh、that引导的宾语从句The nominal clause used as the object, introduced by1. if2. wh-word3. thatUnit 3 被动语态The passive sentence1. in the simple present2. in the present perfect3. in the simple past4. in the futureUnit 4 情态动词1. Modal auxiliaries can /could and be able to used to express “ability”2. Modal auxiliary have to expressing “obligation”3. Modal auxiliaries can /may used to express “permission” or “request for permission”4. Modal auxiliaries had better expressing “advice” or “suggestion”Unit 5 一般现在时的间接引语Indirect speech introduced by a simple present verb1. reporting statements2. reporting yes-no questions3. reporting wh-questionsUnit 6 时间状语从句The adverbial clause of time introduced by1.when2.before3.since4. untilUnit 7 非谓语动词的使用1. The infinitive preceded by a wh- word used as the object2. The infinitive used as a postponed object in the pattern It takes ( so much time) to do sth3. The bare infinitive used as the object complement4. The –ing participle used as the object in pattern Would you mind…Unit 8 关系分句1. The relative clause introduced by that(as the subject)2. The relative clause introduced by that (as the object of a verb)3. The relative clause introduced by who,whomUnit 9 真实条件句与非真实条件句1. Sentences of real conditions2. Sentences of unreal conditions related to the present with be /have /action verbs in the conditional clauseUnit 10将来进行时，将来完成时与将来完成进行时1. The future progressive2. The future perfect3. The future perfect progressive.Unit 11 名词性从句Master the use of English nominal clauses and review indirect speechUnit 12 被动语态Master the use of passive voiceUnit 13 情态动词Modal auxiliaries: may/might, should/ought to, would rather, must/can‟tUnit 14 间接引语Indirect speech introduced by1. a simple present verb reporting past events2. a simple past verb reporting questions and answers3. a simple past verb reporting a conversationUnit 15 状语从句（地点，条件，原因，让步）The adverbial clause1. of place introduced by where2. of condition introduced by unless3. of cause introduced by because/ since4. of concession introduced by thoughUnit 16 现在分词1. –ing participle used as the object2. –ing participle preceded by go3. –ing participle used as the subject4. –ing participle used as the object of a preposition5. –ing participle used as a noun modifier6. –ing participle used as the object complement7. The infinitive preceded by in order expressing …purposeUnit 17 whose，whom引导的关系分句1. The relative clause introduced by whose.2. The relative clause introduced by w hom (as the object of a preposition)3. The cleft sentence with attention focused on various sentence elements.4. The relative clause preceded by a noun which is modified by a superlative. Unit 18 非真实条件句1. Sentences of unreal conditions making a supposition about the future2. Sentences of unreal conditions with past non-facts and present imaginary consequences3. Sentences of unreal conditions with past non-facts and past imaginary consequencesBook IIUnit 1 现在完成进行时，过去进行时与过去完成进行时Unit 2 名词性从句Unit 3 被动语态Unit 4 情态动词Unit 5 间接引语Unit 6 状语从句（目的，结果，让步）Unit 7 非谓语动词Unit 8 关系分句（关系副词）Unit 9 虚拟语气Unit 10 将来时间表示法Unit 11 it 引导的名词性从句Unit 12 被动语态Unit 13 情态动词Unit 14 间接引语Unit 15 状语从句Unit 16 非谓语动词Unit 17 关系分句（介词+关系代词）Unit 18 非真实条件句。
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《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语Introduction: Grammatical Hierarchy (导论—语法层次)2. Parts of speech (word class)3. Phrases词组4. Clause分句5. Sentence句子1. Morpheme词素Free morpheme 自由词素Bound morpheme 粘附词素Allomorph 词素变体Noun phraseVerb phraseAdjective phraseAdverb phrasePreposition phraseConjunctionLecture 1 Sentence Structure（L1）Sentence elements:S (subject) 主语V (predicate verb)谓语动词O (object)宾语C (complement)补足语A (Adverbial)状语1. Two ways of sentence analysis1) SVOSentenceClauseNP VP NPSubject Predicate verb ObjectAll the man have done their best.Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Predicate Verb + Object, Complement, Adverbial, etc.)●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。
2) Subject + Predicate (= operator + predication)SentenceClauseSubject PredicateOperator PredicationAll the man have done their best.●句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（operator）和述谓成分（predication）。
2. Basic clause typesSVC, SV, SV A, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SV oOLecture 2 Subject-Verb Concord （L2-3）Guiding principles:Grammatical Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则Nominal clause Non-finite clause Relative clause Cleft sentence Existential clause 名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句Lecture 3 Noun and Noun Phrase（L4-5）1. Classification of nounsPartitive (Unit Noun) 单位词 2. Cases of NounsNominative case / Subjective case （主格）Accusative case / Objective case （宾格 ）Genitive case （属格 ）/ Possessive case （所有格） Dative case （受事格/与格）Genitive caseGenitive cases specifying the reference of the noun phrase. Specific reference (特指) Generic reference （类指） Indefinite genitive phrase （非确定特指）Lecture 4 Determiner （L6-7）1. DefinitionDeterminers are function words which are used to determine or fix the reference of a noun.2. ClassificationIndependent GenitiveDouble Genitive3.ArticlesArticle is a major group of determiners used to delimit the scope of reference of nouns (主要用來限定名词的指称范围).Lecture 5 Pronoun（L8-9）1. ClassificationAntecedent 先行词2. The use of reflexive pronoun (-self)3. Pronoun reference (代词照应)前照应（Anaphoric reference）、后照应(Cataphoric reference)、语境照应(Situational reference)、人称照应(Personal reference)、指示照应(Demonstrative reference)Lecture 6 Verb and Verb Phrase（L10-22）1. Classification of verbs动词分类的标准有很多种，如上图所示，记住基本的术语和其用法就是。
比如及物动词、不及物动词、联系动词、助动词、动态动词、静态动词、词组动词、限定动词、非限定动词、不定式，不带to不定式（bare infinitive）等等，还有副词小品词（adverb particle）。
➢Transitive Verbs：followed by objects.➢Intransitive verbs：do not require an object.➢Linking verbs：followed by subject compliments.•SVO主—动—宾(Transitive verb)•SV oO主—动—宾—宾(Ditransitive verb)【双宾语动词】•SVOC主—动—宾—补(Monotransitive verb)【单宾语动词】•SV主—动(Intransitive verb)•SVC主—动—补(Linking verb)•This aspect is of essential importance because the verb type here determines the basic sentence structure of your sentence and how you can expand your sentence.2. Tense and aspectsTenseSimple present Simple past Simple future Past future Aspectprogressive 现在进行体过去进行体将来进行体过去将来进行体perfective 现在完成体过去完成体将来完成体过去将来完成体Perfective现在完成进行体过去完成进行体将来完成进行体过去将来完成进行体progressive4.Mood陈述式（Indicative mood）、祈使式（Imperative mood）、虚拟式（Subjunctive mood）5.Non-finite verbspp. 230-1 动态形容词（Dynamic Adjective）、静态形容词（Stative Adjective）p.251 前置修饰语（Premodifier）、p.256 悬垂分词（Dangling Participle）/无依着分词（Unattached participle）、依着法则（Attachment rule）Lecture 7 Adjective and Adverb（L23-24）1.1 Adjective & Adjective Phrase1.2 Adjective form1.3 Adjective meaning动态形容词、静态形容词、等级形容词、非等级形容词2.1 Adverb & Adverb Phrase (Adv P)2.2Adv form2.3 Adv Meaningp.274 修饰性状语（Adjunct）、评注性状语（Disjunct）、连接性状语（Conjunct）Lecture 8 Degree & Comparative Construction（L25）(比较等级和比较结构)1. Degree formsRegular degree forms of Adj & AdvPositive/absolute 原级Comparative比较级Superlative最高级Monosyllabic(单音节) Adj & Adv Synthetic(inflectional)综合(屈折)形式Adj-/Adv-er Adj/Adv-estPolysyllabic(多音节) Adj & Adv Analytic (phrasal)分析(词组)形式more Adj/Adv most Adj/AdvDisyllabic(双音节) Adj & Adv Synthetic or Analytic Adj-/Adv-ermore Adj/AdvAdj/Adv-estmost Adj/AdvNotes:(1) -ing and -ed participial Adj takes more ~ & most ~(2) Some irregular forms, e.g., far, good(3) Gradable indefinite Det & Prons: many/much, few, little2. Comparative construction3. General structure of Comparative constructionNotes:(1) More (less, fewer) can be Det or Pron:Model 2 accounted for more variance … than did Model 1. (Det)It appeared in more than 50% of the request e-mails. (Pron) (2) As & than are Conj or rarely Prep:John is taller than she (is). / John is taller than her.E.g. Apple is as tasty as tomato.Lecture 9 Statement, Question, Command & Exclamation （L27） (陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句)Sentence types 句子1. Statements2. Questions (Interrogative sentences): General (yes-no) questions, Special (Wh-) questions, Alternative questions, Tag questions (附加疑问句), Rhetorical questions (修辞疑问句)3. Commands and Exclamations4. Tag questions (pp.316-9) Transferred negation (否定转移)Lecture 10 Existential Sentence & It-Patterns （L28-29） （存在句和It-句型）1. Existential sentence存在句、实义主语（Notional Subject ）、真主语（Real subject ）、地点状语（Locative adverbial ）、时间状语（Temporal adverbial ）*p.326, 提及的非确定特指，冠词、数词等限定词，见限定词（Determiner ）一讲。