中西文化之鉴 – 跨文化交际 第九单元
(完整版)文化差异与跨文化交际章节答案1~8
第一章 1【单选题】(10分)中西方文化交流的历史源远流长，历史上有一条连接东西方文明古国的通道被称之为“丝绸之路”。
“丝绸之路”的得名是由（）提出的。
A. 张骞B. 汉和帝C. 汉武帝正确查看答案解析10分2【多选题】(10分)广义上的“丝绸之路”除了包括陆上丝绸之路外，还包括海上丝绸之路。
海上丝绸之路由（）组成。
D. 北洋航线正确查看答案解析10分3【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”曾作为连接中西方的重要通道发挥着重要的作用。
其发挥的作用主要是指（）。
B. 军事作用正确查看答案解析10分4【单选题】(10分)通过“陆上丝绸之路”，于（）年粟特人将制造葡萄酒的技术传入中国。
B. 康熙九年C. 崇祯十六年D. 元和七年正确查看答案解析10分5【单选题】(10分)汉武帝时期，（）为开拓“丝绸之路”立下了汗马功劳，被誉为“中国走向世界第一人”。
A. 卫青B. 霍去病D. 司马迁正确查看答案解析10分6【多选题】(10分)鸠摩罗什把佛教从西方引入中国，将大量经书翻译成汉语，为佛教在中国的传播做出了巨大的贡献。
他与（）和玄奘并称为中国佛教四大译经家。
B. 鉴真C. 法显正确查看答案解析10分7【单选题】(10分)（）17岁时跟随父亲和叔叔历时四年来到中国，与元世祖忽必烈建立了友谊。
后由鲁斯蒂谦将其在中国见闻轶事整理并编著成游记，在欧洲广为流传，激起了欧洲人对东方的向往。
A. 查理·马特C. 利玛窦D. 阿基米德正确查看答案解析10分8【多选题】(10分)佛教传入中国后对中国文化的影响巨大。
中国历史上就曾修建过许多反映佛教文化的石窟，其中敦煌莫高窟与（）并称为中国四大石窟。
A. 固原须弥山石窟正确查看答案解析10分9【多选题】(10分)利玛窦不仅将中国文化介绍到了西方，而且帮助中国人打开了视野，使中国人了解到了西方。
正是由于他的到来，使中国人第一次接触到了（）。
D. 西方哲学正确答案是:A,B,C查看答案解析10【多选题】(10分)“丝绸之路”加强了东西方的贸易往来。
清华大学跨文化课程教案9
Activity: Quiz Imagine that you are going to a large urban American university for graduate study. To evaluate your adaptation potential, rate yourself on the adaptation checklist. Give yourself a score for each item according to the following scale: 1. Poor 2. Not as good as most people 3. Average 4. Better than most people 5. Excellent Adaptation Checklist Total score Background and Preparation Age — youth is an advantage Education — the higher the better Urban background — city dwellers do better than rural residents High level of professional skill General knowledge of the new culture, its history, custom arts, etc. Specific knowledge of the new situation; city, university, etc. Oral and written fluency in the language of new culture Previous out-of-culture experiences Similarity of home culture to new culture Personality factors Tends to be accepting of different ways of doing things Likes to meet new people and do new things Stays calm in difficult situations Pays attention to people and not just to tasks Can tolerate ambiguous or uncertain situations Has a sense of humor Strong but flexible in character Willing to take risks; not too concerned about social and psychological security Attitudes and motivation Voluntarily chooses to be in contact with the new culture Attracted to the new situation rather than escaping problems at home Admiration and respect for the new culture No sense that one culture s superior or inferior to another Few stereotypes (inaccurate broad generalizations) about the new culture Health Robust good health Good health habits High energy level
跨文化交际课程unit9
Joint venture culture
What is joint venture?
合资企业一般指中外合资 中外合资经营企业是由中国投资 者和外国投资者共同出资、共同经营、共负盈亏、共担风 险的企业。外国合营者可以是企业、其他经济组织或个人。 中国合营者目前只限于企业、其他经济组织，不包括个人 和个体企业。经审查机关批准，合营企业是中国法人，受 中国法律的管辖和保护。它的组织形式是有限责任公司。
What is intercultural business management ?
跨文化商务管理真正作为一门科学，是在20世纪70 年代后期的美国逐步形成和发展起来的。它研究的是在跨 文化条件下如何克服异质文化的冲突，进行卓有成效的管 理，其目的在于如何在不同形态的文化氛围中设计出切实 可行的组织结构和管理机制，最合理地配置企业资源，特 别是最大限度地挖掘和利用企业人力资源的潜力和价值， 从而最大化地提高企业的综合效益。 跨文化商务管理中涉及到三种文化：组织文化、合资 企业文化及民族文化。
3. Development of teamwork
• Teamwork means cooperation among employees and employers. • Team members must be flexible, adaptable, and able to work together to further their companies’ goals to succeed and stay competitive.
Some tips in understanding Corporate culture
A company’s culture is greatly influenced by the management team as they set the policies and practices for the organization. Many articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as “corporate culture”. Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. To be specific, corporate culture can be looked as a system. Often the people who see an organization’s culture more clearly are those from the outside, the new comers, or the consultants.
中西文化之鉴chapter9
The example in life
The path in the garden is tortuous ,This layout not only increase the space level, but also increase the length of the walk road, and give person capacious feeling The ceiling of the house too short can give a person a kind of very depressive feeling Broken window Effect Catfish Effect
But the auther prefer classrooms with movable tables and chairs that would make it easier to arrange the student into work groups In a word ,the auther want students to learn cooperatively with each other
Chinese culture is built into the furniture
Students sit below and in front of platform listening to what teacmathematical foundation
Design and Behavior
CONTENTS
01
LOREM
The British House of Commons
02
LOREM
The US House of Representatives
【VIP专享】跨文化交际上课内容unit9
Unit Nine Intercultural AdaptationI.Warm UpPlease read the story on page 298 . What can we learn from this case about the Japanese culture?II.Culture ShockRead the article “Adapting to a New Culture” (p299-304). What is culture shock? How to adapt to a new culture?※Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations.(from College English, 2005,14th,10)※◆当人们去到一个与自己原来的文化迥异的地方时，绝大多数人都会经历一种心理上的迷惑，这就是文化冲击。
——Robert Kohls（Survival Kit for OverseasLiving)1.Culture shock, or the early adaptation phase of transitioning into a newculture, refers to the transition period and the accompanying feelings of stress and anxiety a person experiences during the early period upon entering a new culture.2.Symptoms of culture shock: physiological, emotional, communication.(p299)3.Causes to culture shock: Culture shock is caused by the anxiety thatresults from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact.4.Will culture shock affect everyone who enters a new country? Is thereany individual differences? Why?Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. The severity of culture shock depends on people’s personalities, language ability, emotional support, and duration of stay停留时间. It is also influenced by the extent of differences between the two cultures.5.Forms of culture shock(1)Language shock(2)Role shock(3)Transition shock(4)Cultural Fatigue(5)Education Shock(6)Adjustment Stress(7)Culture Distance◆Keep in mind :First, most people experience some degree of culture shock when they go to a new country. Second, culture shock passes with time.6.Four stages in getting used to life in a new country:1)Euphoria欢快: the first stage when everything seems wonderful withgreat happiness, a sort of honeymoon period.2)Depression, or culture shock: the stage despair when people tend to bevery critical of the country they’ve moved to, blaming it for their problems.3)Adjustment: the stage when people become better at coping with theirnew situation and feel happier and more confident.4)Acceptance: the stage when people finally get used to the new way oflife.Read Case 33 on p317-319 and identify the different stages revealed in each letter.U-curve patternW-curve Pattern7.how to cope with culture shock and adapt to a new culture: (p303-304) When one is experiencing culture shock, the best thing to do is to admitthat he/she is experiencing culture shock, try to identify your stage of culture shock, and work toward becoming more familiar with the new culture.(1)Do not become over-reactionary.保守(2)Meet new people.(3)Try new things.(4)Give yourself periods of rest and thought.(5)Work on your self-concept.(6)Write.(7)Observe body language.(8)Learn the verbal language.8.Two views of culture shock (p306-308)1.the disease view:1)The culture-shocked person experiences a breakdown incommunication, is unable to cope, and feels isolated and lost, thus develops a number of defensive attitudes and behaviors to protect the mind from the confusion of an entirely new situation.2)In this disease view, the culture-shocked person is a helpless victim;the only things to do are to adjust to the new culture somehow or to leave the culture quickly.3)In this view, people can experience many different emotional andmental difficulties. The culture-shocked person may start to glorify赞美the home country; people can become physically ill from the stress of culture shock.2.the self-awareness自我意识view:1)Culture shock can be part of a positive learning experience. Cultureshock, if handled well, can lead to profound self-awareness and growth.2)Learn a second language, observe different customs, and encounternew values.3)Enable people to gain insight into their own society; develop adeeper understanding of themselves and of the society that helped to shape their characters; provide a mirror in which one’s own culture is reflected.◆The major difference of these two views is in the attitude of aperson towards culture shock.III.Intercultural Adaptation1.Intercultural adaptation refers broadly to the process of increasing ourlevel of fitness to meet the demands of a new cultural environment.2.Read the article “Overcoming Ethnocentrism in Communication”(p309-313).1)In intercultural communication we tend to use the categories of ourown culture to judge and interpret the behaviors of the others who are culturally different from us. These ethnocentric impressionspredispose us to evaluate others negatively. When communicators engage in mutual互相的negative evaluation, the communication event may deteriorate恶化even further. With each turn of this regressive spiral螺旋向下, negative evaluations否定评价are intensified.2)Examples: American-Japanese; American-Nigerian; American-Thai;American-British;3)How to overcome ethnocentrism:We can overcome ethnocentrism by approaching every cross-cultural situation as a kind of experiment. Using available generalizations 概括about the other culture, we can formulate制定a hypothesis假设and then test it for accuracy. As more knowledge of relevant cultural differences is acquired, generalizations can become more specific, hypotheses more particular, and communication difficulties more predictable.IV.Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。
六下北师大英语第九单元作文
跨文化交流：打开心灵之窗Cross-cultural Communication: Opening the Windows of the SoulIn today's interconnected world, cross-cultural communication has become an integral part of our daily lives. From the global business sphere to the personal realm of friendships, understanding and respecting diverse cultures is crucial for successful interactions. In Unit 9 of the sixth grade North American Edition of the textbook, we delve into the nuances of cross-cultural communication, learning to appreciate the differences that make each culture unique.One of the key takeaways from this unit is the importance of being aware of our own cultural backgrounds. We must recognize that our behaviors, customs, and traditions are shaped by our upbringing and environment. Understanding our own cultural lens allows us to be more empathetic towards others who may have a different perspective.For instance, when communicating with someone from a different culture, it's essential to be mindful of their communication styles. Some cultures prefer direct and frank communication, while others prefer a more indirect and subtle approach. By being aware of these differences, we can avoid misunderstandings and conflicts.Moreover, respecting cultural norms and values is paramount. Different cultures have different taboos and sensitivities, and it's crucial to educate ourselves about these before engaging in cross-cultural communication. For example, certain topics may be considered taboo in certain cultures, while they may be freely discussed in others.It's essential to be aware of these differences and respect them.However, cross-cultural communication is not just about following rules and avoiding conflicts. It's also about opening our minds to new ideas and perspectives. By engaging with people from different cultures, we can broaden our horizons and gain a deeper understanding of the world. This, in turn, makes us more tolerant and understanding of others.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication is a vital skill that everyone should possess. It not only helps us in our professional lives but also enriches our personal relationships. By being aware of our own cultural backgrounds, respecting others' norms and values, and opening our minds to new ideas, we can create a more inclusive and understanding world.**跨文化交流：打开心灵之窗**在当今互联互通的世界里，跨文化交流已成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。
跨文化交际第九章
beliefs
At early ages, we are not prepared to question our social institutions, so we accept freely what they teach us about truth, and how to live in our society. There seems to be, in most cultures, consensus about how to dress, how to speak (to elders), how to eat, how to attain peace and tranquility, how we should earn our living, etc. We grow up in a culture, and that culture conditions us to believe what it deems to be worthy and true.
Chapter Nine
Culture Diversity
Perception
Do you still remember the meaning of this gesture in some cultures, such as Japanese, American and France? Does it mean the same? If not, why?
Space and privacy are important
Individualistic cultures value personal freedom; most of them have a great physical space and privacy requirement than that seen in collective cultures. In the home: individual bedrooms are considered essential and privacy is viewed as critical to peaceful family life. In the office: private office confer status. Closed doors signal a desire for privacy; entering without knocking is unacceptable. In crowds: crowding is perceived as invasive, and when it is unavoidable, strict rules govern personal behavior.( maintain a rigid body, avoid eye contact, and face the exit door)
翻译与跨文化交际 第九章
色拉由生菜、黄瓜和西 红柿等做成的，此处进 一步验证了此色拉为蔬 菜色拉，而不是什么绿 色色拉。
译文：卡罗琳想，这份 用西红柿、几片煮老的 鸡蛋、黄瓜和调料搭配 的生菜色拉看起来真诱 人。
译文赏析
原文：
A green caterpillar was slowly crawling out from under the lettuce. It was large, fat, and apparently well-fed. It paused in its travels to survey the scene. Purple with fury, Henry could barely find his voice.(Para.9) 译文：一条绿色蠕虫正慢慢 地从生菜下面爬出来，很大， 很肥，显然吃得很好。它在 旅途中停了下来以观察周围 环境，亨利气得脸色发紫， 话都差点说不出来。
译文赏析
原文：A Hard Day in the Kitchen (Title)
译文：厨房里的一场闹 剧
这里我们主要从本文中涉 及的饮食文化入手，分析 中英文之间的文化翻译。 英文题目中的A Bad Day没 有被直译为糟糕的一天， 而是翻译为一场闹剧。译 者通过对全文故事的把握， 对题目进行了意译，又在 文章的结尾处点题，很显 然读者应该对“闹剧”比 “糟糕的一天ust reaching for his first sherry.(Para.2)
译文：他在伸手去拿第 一瓶雪利酒。
“Sherry”指雪利酒。英文 中没有量词，因此“first Sherry”被译为第一瓶雪 利酒，十分恰当，体现 了厨师宿醉未醒的状态。 英文中的wine在不同的 情况下有时候泛指所有 的酒类，有时候专指葡 萄酒。但是中国人普遍 喜欢喝粮食酿造的白酒， 显然不能直译为white wine（白葡萄酒）。
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第九章
Building Culture into the Landscape By 杨昊
Building Culture into the Landscape
We can find basic structures, forms or patterns almost anywhere, because if a pattern is basic to a culture, it will show up in many places, including in the physical world that is part of our daily life…These physical forms both reflect and are reflected in social patterns and in the languages we speak. 我们在任何地方都能找到基本的结构、形状和模式，因为 如果一个模式是某个文化的基本元素，那么该元素会出现 在许多地方，包括作为我们日常生活一部分的物质世界… 这些物质形态反映了社会形态和我们说的语言，也映衬在 了这两者之中。
Not everything you learn in school will become relevant to you immediately, but it increases your chances and adds one more possibility to your life.
China’s inside-outside mentality: in the structure of buildings
China’s inside-outside mentality: in the structure of buildings
Discussion: on education
The French Radiating Star Pattern
The French Radiating Star
Inside outside pattern
A specific cultural mentality (文化思维）, once established, will be consistently reflected in many aspects of a culture. For example: the inside-outside pattern. For example: the inside-outside mentality (see the Middle-Eastern example in the textbook at page 158). China is also a culture characterized by inside-outside mentality: In Language:内幕、内部、内参、内审、内控、内刊、内经、内府、内陆、
内政、内务、内战、内乱、内室、内人、内亲、内心、内情、内耗…… 国家、大家、公家、人家、自家、咱家、国内…… 外人、外乡人、外头人、外国人、外星人…… 男主外，女主内… 肥水不流外人田、内外有别…
China’s inside-outside mentality: in the structure of buildings
1. What do you expect to gain from your 4-year undergraduate study? 2. How could you take advantage of the existing education system in JN university to meet your needs and aims? 3. What should be reformed? 4. Nowadays, more and more people claim that college education is useless, and one can earn much more with some vocational skills or by running a business than a college graduate. How far do you you agree with this view?
The Basic Pattern of Atlantis, the lost civilization
The Grid Pattern (格子模式）
The US. Grid Pattern
A Simple Road Grid Plan, Windermere, Florida
The US. Grid Pattern
The reason why people can get rich without higher education is because the market system rewards those who work hard and are lucky. Anyway, what a horrible world it would become if only the educated can become rich!
Key points about education
To discover your potential and talents;
To make the world a better and safer place to live;
Learning is hard, there is no shortcut.
Where does money fit in in this picture? – only marginally (金钱在教育蓝图中地位如何？ 处于边缘地带。） You don’t need college education to get rich; but the truth is, even those who become rich without having college education won’t encourage their children out of college education and they themselves tend to pretend to be educated.பைடு நூலகம்
Excerpts from a middle school principal’s weekly speech in China
“你追求加内特、詹姆斯、科比、麦蒂、邓肯、霍华德……你不学习， 连一张季前赛门票都买不起。”“你追求金泰熙、宋慧乔、孙艺珍、 全智贤、金秀贤……你不学习，全家搞一顿炸鸡啤酒你都要考虑考 虑。” “没资本还不学习？没背景还不学习？长得不帅还不学习！智商不够 还不学习！” “你要是混到中年，住不起房，开不起车，天天对着现实哼哼唧唧， 鬼才会去聆听你那“凄美感伤”的烦恼。”
Most of all, education prepares more responsible and independent-minded citizens.
Most metropolitan areas of the western United States are spread over large areas with regular street grid patterns that are highly recognisable from space, ...
Education is about possibilities: it may teach people how to make profits and become wealthy; but even more significantly, it is the only way to help people realize dreams beyond the aim of becoming rich and powerful – e.g. to find a cure for AIDS and cancer, to help the poor out of poverty, to make our air cleaner to breathe and water safer to drink, to serve as an ambassador to promote peace and friendship between China and Japan…