四种类型雅思小作文详解

第一篇饼状图

写作要点：

1.介绍各扇面及总体的关系

2.各个扇面之间的比较，同类扇面在不同时间，不同地点的比较

3.重点突出特色最明显的扇面：最大的，最小的，互相成倍的

描写句式:

1.It is clear that the most +adj. + 主题词is A, which accounts for ___% of all 主

题词.

2. B is the next largest + 主题词, ___% lower than A of all 主题词and followed

closely by C.

3.The above three items of 主题词altogether take about ___%.

4.By contrast, D, E and F make the smallest percentage of total 主题词, which are

___%, ___% and ___% respectively.

模仿例句：In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total. It is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. (摘自BBC)

表示占据的动词或动词短语：

form; comprise; make up; occupy; constitute; cover; represent; account for; be shared by

倍数和比例的表达：

a quarter of ……; half of ……; a majority of ……

double (这三个词都可以做名词，动词和形容词); triple; quadruple … be twice as adj. as ……例句：The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.

… more than ___ times as adj. as ……例句：There are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia.

He is more than three times as rich as I.

A has something in common with B

A shares some similarity with B

The difference between A and B lies in ……

Y ou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

Y ou should write at least 150 words.

model answer:

In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed ‘World Spending.’ The second is ‘World Population’ and the third is ‘Consumption of Resources.’

In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.

In the second chart entitled ‘World Population’, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.

Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world’s resource.

To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe. (182 words)

范文参考

The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal in 1990 was the second largest source of energy, increasing its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.

(152 words)

第二篇曲线图

写作要点：

1．曲线图和柱状图都是动态图，解题的切入点在于描述趋势。

2．在第二段的开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类，使写作层次清晰，同时也方便考官阅卷。接下来再分类描述每个阶段的specific trend，同时导入数据作为分类的依据。

3．趋势说明。即，对曲线的连续变化进行说明，如上升、下降、波动、持平。以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升、下降、或是波动。题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较。

4．极点说明。即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述。

5．交点说明。即对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明。

6．不要不做任何说明就机械地导入数据，这不符合雅思的考试目的。

动词—九大运动趋势

1.表示向上：increase，rise，improve，grow，ascend，mount，aggrandize，go up，climb， take off， jump，shoot up暴涨，soar，rocket， skyrocket

2.表示上升后保持平稳：flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off

举例：人口上升后保持平稳：the number of population mounted and leveled off.

3.表示复苏（下降后再上升）：recover，bounce back

举例：人口下降后复苏：the number of population decreased and recovered.

4.表示下降：decrease，decline，descend，drop， fall，go down，come down，collapse， crash， fall off， slump， plummet， plunge， slide，shrink, dwindle, diminish

5.表示下降后保持平稳：bottom out，flatten out(下降或升高后变平)

举例：人口下降后保持平稳：the number of population decreased and bottomed out.

6.表示稳定或水平：remain steady/constant，stay stable, stabilize，stagnate，flatten out(下降或升高后变平)， level off， stay at the same level， be similar to， there is little／hardly any／no change

举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写: the number of population stayed stable. /the number of population remained steady.

7.表示波动：fluctuate

8.表示在底部：reach a low point，bottom out，reach the bottom，reach the rock，hit a trough

9.表示在顶部：reach a peak，peak，top out，reach the highest point/ the top/ the summit/ the most，peak in/at，reach the zenith

举例：人口到达了顶峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.

形容词和副词—变化程度

abrupt(ly)(突然)，sudden(ly)(突然)，dramatic(ally)(急剧)，drastic(ally)(急剧)，sharp(ly)(急剧)，quick(ly)(迅速)，rapid(ly)(迅速)，marked(ly)(显著)，significant(ly)(显著)，considerable(considerably)(相当)，substantial(ly)(相当) moderate(ly)(适当)，gradual(ly)(逐渐)，slight(ly)(轻微)，slow(ly)(缓慢)，steady(steadily)(平缓)

名词

line chart线图，curve diagram曲线图，horizontal axis横轴，vertical axis 纵轴，plateau(上升后的稳定期)，record high历史高度，record low历史低点，trough (曲线上的)最小值，zenith(最高值), general trend，upward/downward tend

增加：an increase，a rise，a growth， an improvement， an upturn， a surge，an upsurge， an upward trend

下降：a fall， a decrease， a decline， a drop， a downturn， a downturn trend，low point，reduction

波动：fluctuation

介词

一. remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenith后面需要使用的是at.

举例: 1.人口在500万上保持平稳: The number of population remained steady at 5 million.

2. 人口在800万时到达了顶峰: The number of population peaked at 8 million.

3. 下降后，人口在400万保持平稳:After decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million.

4. 上升后，人口在700万保持平稳: After mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million.

二. 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)

举例:1. 人口下降到200万: number of population decreased to 2 million.

2. 人口下降了200万: number of population decreased by 2 million.

3. 人口上升到1000万: number of population increased to 10 million.

4. 人口上升了500万: number of population increased by 5 million.

三. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from

举例: 人口在200万时开始复苏: The number of population recovered from 2 million.

四. fluctuate的后面大家需要连接between …and…

举例: 人口在20和100亿之间波动: The number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.

曲线图常用表达

开头概述常用表达

1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of _____ over the period from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____数量的变化。

2） The chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of _____ from 2000 to 2004．该曲线图描述了从2000年到2004年_____的变动。

3) The graph，presented in the curve diagram，shows the general trend in _____.该图以曲线图的形式描述了_____总的趋势。

4) This is a line chart showing _____.这是一个曲线图，描述了_____。

5) As can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuations of _____.如图所示，两条曲线描述了_____波动的情况。

范文

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.

Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural Purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km3 to around 3,000 km3 in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km3, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km3, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.

The table illustrates the differences in agriculture consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km3) with that in the D.R.C. (100 km2). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption

per person: 359 m3 compared with only 8 m3 in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agriculture water consumption can be in some countries.(180 words)

第二篇答案参考

The three graphs of wheat exports each show a quite different pattern between 1985 and 1990. Exports from Australia declined over the five-year period, while the Canadian market fluctuated considerably, and the European Community showed an increase.

In 1985, Australia exported about 15 millions of tonnes of wheat and the following year the number increased by one million tonnes to 16 million. After that, however, there was a gradual decline until 1989 and 1990 when it stabilised at about 11 million tonnes. Over the same period, the amount of Canadian exports varied greatly. It started at 19 million tonnes in 1985, reached a peak in 1988 of 24 million, dropped dramatically in 1989 to 14 million tonnes and then climbed back to 19 million in 1990. Seventeen million tonnes were exported from the European Community in 1985, but this decreased to 14 million tonnes in 1986 and then rose to 15 million in 1987 and 1988 before increasing once more to 20 million in 1990.

(165 words)

第三篇流程图

写作要点：

1流程图基本不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位；

2流程图以描述为主，比较的机会比图表题少；

3流程图中出现的信息都需要描述，而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据；

4流程图的时态多比较单一，主要用一般现在时；

5流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段。描述流程五大步：

1首先说明该过程是做什么工作的，目的是什么。

2准备工作。

3按时间／过程先后描述。

4对比。

5简单总结(可有可无)。

阶段间进行比较：

例1：In two weeks，the fry will grow up to two inches long．

解析：原句过于简单，可以增加鱼苗和前一阶段的比较。

改正：In two weeks, the fry will grow up to two inches long, more than twice longer than it was when hatched．在两周时间内，鱼苗长到了两英寸，比刚孵化时长两倍还要多。

例2：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加一点说明，譬如说关于第二阶段产生的变化和结果。

改正：In the second step，workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour．While the glass in the first phase is possibly life-threatening and contaminated，the glass is now hygeian and ready for the next stage of the recycling process．大意：在第二步，工作人员会清洗各种颜色的玻璃。第一阶段的玻璃可能是危害健康并被污染的，而这一阶段的玻璃是卫生的，可以为循环过程的下一步做准备。

例3：In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．解析：原句过于简单，可以增加一点说明，譬如说关于第二阶段的功能和目的。

改正： In the second phase of urban sprawl，land developers start to build a residential area．It is to serve the needs of those people working in those office blocks and factories built in the first phase．大意：在城市扩张的第二阶段，土地开发商开始建造居民区。这是为了满足在第一阶段所建办公楼和工厂里工作的人们的需要。

Y ou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The flowchart illustrates the production of coloured plastic paper clips in a small factory.

Write a report for a university tutor describing the production process.

There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the retailers to be sold to the public.

To begin with, molten plastic is poured into three different moulds depending on the colour required; the colours are red, blue and yellow. Once these clips emerge from the moulds a quality control machine checks them for strength. Unsatisfactory clips are rejected. In the third stage in the process the clips are stored by hand into two groups, mixed and single colours. When this stage is complete the groups are checked a second time to ensure that the colour mixtures are divided correctly into single colours and mixed colour batches. Finally, the clips are packed and dispatched to the markets. (152 words)

第四篇表格题

写作要点：

1表格与饼图一样，都是静态图。切入点在描述分配；

2表格题考查列举数字的能力和方法。通过举一些有代表性的数据来说明问题；3横向比较。介绍横向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势；

4纵向比较。介绍纵向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势；

5不需要将每一个数据分别说明，突出强调数据最大值和最小值；

6对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的。

表格类作文常用词汇

noticeable trend 明显趋势

pronounced adj. 明显的

significant changes一些较大变化

rank n. vt. vi. 列为，排列，等级

distribute vt. 分布，区别

unequally adv. 不平等地

average n.vt.vi.adj.

corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的

represent vt. 阐述，表现

overall adj.

in the case of adv. 在...的情况下

in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面

Y ou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below give information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

model answer:

This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different countries. The pastimes, across the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each country.

As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching television. On the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people watch television. Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to 5% of people in the other countries feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most at 50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isn’t surprising that the highest percentage of beach-lovers is in Australia and the USA at 30%.

It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural differences between different nationalities and make cross-cultural experiences more interesting.

(175 words)