高考真题:病毒高考历年真题汇编
1.下列有关病毒在生物学和医学领域应用的叙述,错误的是()
A.灭活的病毒可用于诱导动物细胞融合
B.用特定的病毒免疫小鼠可制备单克隆抗体
C.基因工程中常用噬菌体转化植物细胞
D.经灭活或减毒处理的病毒可用于免疫预防
【来源】辽宁省2021年普通高中学业水平等级性考试生物试题
【答案】C
2.某单链RNA病毒的遗传物质是正链RNA(+RNA)。
该病毒感染宿主后,合成相应物质的过程如图所示,其中①~④代表相应的过程。
下列叙述正确的是()
A.+RNA 复制出的子代RNA具有mRNA 的功能
B.病毒蛋白基因以半保留复制的方式传递给子代
C.过程①②③的进行需RNA 聚合酶的催化
D.过程④在该病毒的核糖体中进行
【来源】2021年浙江高考选考试卷(6月)
【答案】A
3.新型冠状病毒属于单链RNA病毒,进行病毒核酸检测可为临床诊断提供依据。
下列有关叙述错误的是()
A.与双链DNA病毒相比,新型冠状病毒更容易发生变异
B.新型冠状病毒能刺激机体产生免疫反应,导致T细胞释放淋巴因子和抗体
C.新型冠状病毒没有细胞结构,依赖宿主细胞进行繁殖
D.新型冠状病毒核酸检测遵循碱基互补配对原则
【来源】2020年海南省高考生物试题(新高考)
【答案】B
4.在天花病毒的第四代疫苗研究中,可利用天花病毒蛋白的亚单位(在感染和致病过程中起重要作用的成
分)制作疫苗。
注射该疫苗可诱导机体产生识别天花病毒的抗体。
下列分析错误
..的是()
A.可通过基因工程途径生产这种疫苗
B.天花病毒蛋白的亚单位是该病毒的遗传物质
C.该方法制备的疫苗不会在机体内增殖
D.天花病毒蛋白的亚单位是疫苗中的抗原物质
【来源】2020年天津高考生物试卷
【答案】B
5.新冠病毒是一种RNA病毒。
新冠肺炎疫情给人们的生活带来了巨大影响。
下列与新冠肺炎疫情防控相关的叙述,错误的是()
A.新冠病毒含有核酸和蛋白质,通过核酸检测可排查新冠病毒感染者
B.教室经常开窗通风可以促进空气流动,降低室内病原微生物的密度
C.通常新冠肺炎患者的症状之一是发烧,因此可以通过体温测量初步排查
D.每天适量饮酒可以预防新冠肺炎,因为酒精可以使细胞内的病毒蛋白变性
【来源】2020年全国统一高考生物试卷(新课标Ⅲ)
【答案】D
6.新冠肺炎疫情警示人们要养成良好的生活习惯,提高公共卫生安全意识。
下列相关叙述错误的是()A.戴口罩可以减少病原微生物通过飞沫在人与人之间的传播
B.病毒能够在餐具上增殖,用食盐溶液浸泡餐具可以阻止病毒增殖
C.高温可破坏病原体蛋白质的空间结构,煮沸处理餐具可杀死病原体
D.生活中接触的物体表面可能存在病原微生物,勤洗手可降低感染风险
【来源】2020年全国统一高考生物试卷(新课标Ⅰ)
【答案】B
7.下列与细胞有关的叙述,正确的是()
A.T2噬菌体不含有膜包被的细胞核,因此属于原核细胞
B.人肝细胞分裂期的持续时间大于分裂间期的持续时间
C.植物叶肉细胞在缺氧条件下可通过无氧呼吸产生ATP
D.心肌细胞是高度分化的细胞,其细胞膜不具有流动性
【来源】2019年海南省高考生物试卷
【答案】C
8.细胞学说认为:所有的生物都是由一个或多个细胞组成的;细胞是所有生物的结构和功能的单位;所有的细胞必定是由已存在的细胞产生的。
据此分析,下列叙述错误的是
A.生物具有多样性B.生物具有遗传性
C.生物能定向变异D.生物具有统一性
【来源】2019年4月浙江省高三选考生物试卷
【答案】C
9.下列关于乙型肝炎病毒的说法正确的是
A.能在人体血浆中增殖B.不能寄生在呼吸道黏膜细胞中
C.核酸中含5种含氮碱基D.蛋白质由自身的核糖体合成
【来源】2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试生物(上海卷)
【答案】B
10.甲型N1H1流感病毒能在宿主细胞内繁殖,其主要原因是该病毒()
A.基因组变异过快
B.基因复制和表达过程过于简单
C.基因和蛋白质的结构与宿主的相似性很高
D.利用宿主细胞的酶完成基因复制和表达
【来源】2009年上海高考生物试卷
【答案】D
11.关于HIV 的叙述,正确的是
A.HIV 在活细胞外能大量增殖
B.HIV 仅含有核糖体这一种细胞器
C.HIV 主要攻击B 细胞,使人体无法产生抗体
D.艾滋病患者的血液中可以检出HIV 这种病毒
【来源】2013年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试理科综合能力测试生物(大纲卷)
【答案】D
12.下列病毒的构成组合中错误的是
①DNA②RNA③蛋白质④磷脂
A.②③④B.①②③
C.①③D.②③
【来源】2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试生物(上海卷)
【答案】B
13.下列关于病毒的描述,正确的是
A.噬菌体通常在植物细胞中增殖B.病毒可以作为基因工程的载体C.青霉素可有效抑制流感病毒增殖D.癌症的发生与病毒感染完全无关【来源】2008年高考四川卷---理综(生物)
【答案】B。
2023年高考生物真题和模拟题分类汇编专题05遗传的分子基础
专题 05 遗传的分子根底一、单项选择题1.〔2023·湖南·高考真题〕大肠杆菌核糖体蛋白与rRNA分子亲和力较强,二者组装成核糖体。
当细胞中缺乏足够的rRNA 分子时,核糖体蛋白可通过结合到自身mRNA 分子上的核糖体结合位点而产生翻译抑制。
以下表达错误的选项是〔〕A.一个核糖体蛋白的mRNA 分子上可相继结合多个核糖体,同时合成多条肽链B.细胞中有足够的rRNA 分子时,核糖体蛋白通常不会结合自身mRNA 分子C.核糖体蛋白对自身mRNA 翻译的抑制维持了RNA 和核糖体蛋白数量上的平衡D.编码该核糖体蛋白的基因转录完成后,mRNA 才能与核糖体结合进展翻译【答案】D【解析】【分析】基因表达包括转录和翻译两个过程,其中转录的条件:模板〔DNA 的一条链〕、原料〔核糖核苷酸〕、酶〔RNA聚合酶〕和能量;翻译过程的条件:模板〔mRNA〕、原料〔氨基酸〕、酶、tRNA和能量。
【详解】A、一个核糖体蛋白的 mRNA 分子上可相继结合多个核糖体,同时合成多条肽链,以提高翻译效率,A 正确;B、细胞中有足够的rRNA 分子时,核糖体蛋白通常不会结合自身mRNA 分子,与rRNA 分子结合,二者组装成核糖体,B 正确;C、当细胞中缺乏足够的rRNA 分子时,核糖体蛋白只能结合到自身mRNA 分子上,导致蛋白质合成停顿,核糖体蛋白对自身mRNA 翻译的抑制维持了rRNA 和核糖体蛋白数量上的平衡,C 正确;D、大肠杆菌为原核生物,没有核膜,转录形成的mRNA 在转录未完毕时即和核糖体结合,开头翻译过程,D 错误。
应选 D。
2.〔2023·湖南·高考真题〕T A.的噬菌体DNA 合成噬菌体侵染大肠杆菌的过程中,以下哪一项不会发生〔〕2 B.的噬菌体蛋白质外壳合成C.噬菌体在自身RNA 聚合酶作用下转录出RNAD.合成的噬菌体RNA 与大肠杆菌的核糖体结合【答案】C【解析】【分析】T 噬菌体是一种特地寄生在大肠杆菌体内的病毒,它的头部和尾部的外壳都是蛋白质构成的,头2部含有DNA。
2024届高考二轮复习生物课件(新教材):病毒
3.寨卡病毒是一种单股正链RNA(+RNA)病毒。RNA复制时,先以+RNA为 模板合成-RNA,再以-RNA为模板合成新的+RNA,其增殖过程如图所示。 下列相关说法错误的是( D )
A.寨卡病毒的遗传信息在传递过程中不可能发生碱基A与T的配对 B.寨卡病毒的+RNA上有密码子,而-RNA上则无密码子 C.+RNA的嘧啶碱基数与-RNA的嘌呤碱基数相等 D.寨卡病毒在宿主细胞内增殖时,体内含有逆转录酶
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二、非选择题 4.甲型流感病毒为RNA病毒,易引起流感大规模流行。我国科学家发明了 一种制备该病毒活疫苗的新方法,主要环节如下。 (1)改造病毒的部分基因,使其失去在正常宿主细胞内的增殖能力。以病毒 RNA为模板,逆转录成对应DNA后,利用 PCR 技术扩增,并将其中某 些基因(不包括表面抗原基因)内个别编码氨基酸的序列替换成编码终止 密码子的序列。与改造前的基因相比,改造后的基因表达时不能合成完整 长度的 多肽(或蛋白质) ,因此不能产生子代病毒。将该改造基因、表面 抗原等其他基因分别构建重组质粒,并保存。
热点专题练1 病毒
一、选择题 1.(2023·山西太原二模)甲型流感病毒是一种RNA包膜病毒,其包膜上含有 血凝素(HA)等抗原蛋白,人体感染该病毒后,可能会出现高烧、肌肉酸痛、 咽痛、咳嗽等症状。下列叙述正确的是( C ) A.该病毒的RNA中含有其遗传信息和反密码子 B.该病毒作为分解者,属于生命系统中最基本的层次 C.免疫细胞需要膜表面的受体来识别病毒的HA等抗原蛋白 D.辅助性T细胞裂解被该病毒感染的咽喉细胞并将病毒清除
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解析 T是DNA所特有的碱基,U是RNA所特有的碱基,寨卡病毒(遗传物质 是RNA)的遗传信息在传递过程中不可能发生碱基A与T的配对,整个过程 都是A与U配对,A项正确;据图可知,寨卡病毒是以+RNA为模板翻译出结构 蛋白的,所以+RNA上有密码子,而-RNA上则无密码子,B项正确;由于-RNA 是以+RNA为模板合成的,二者的碱基互补配对,因此+RNA的嘧啶碱基数 与-RNA的嘌呤碱基数相等,C项正确;寨卡病毒属于RNA病毒,遗传信息在 传递过程中没有逆转录过程,所以其体内没有逆转录酶,D项错误。
病毒高考试题及答案
病毒高考试题及答案
1. 病毒的结构特点是什么?
答案:病毒的结构特点包括:(1)由核酸(DNA或RNA)和蛋白质组
成的非细胞形态;(2)依赖宿主细胞进行复制;(3)具有高度的遗
传多样性;(4)可以通过突变和重组产生新的毒株。
2. 病毒如何侵入宿主细胞?
答案:病毒侵入宿主细胞的过程包括:(1)病毒附着于宿主细胞表面
的受体;(2)病毒通过内吞作用或膜融合进入细胞;(3)病毒核酸
释放到宿主细胞内;(4)病毒核酸利用宿主细胞的机制进行复制和蛋
白质合成;(5)新合成的病毒粒子组装并释放出宿主细胞。
3. 病毒如何传播?
答案:病毒的传播途径包括:(1)直接接触传播,如握手、拥抱等;(2)飞沫传播,通过咳嗽、打喷嚏等产生的飞沫;(3)空气传播,
病毒在空气中悬浮并通过呼吸进入人体;(4)食物和水传播,通过受
污染的食物和水;(5)媒介传播,如蚊子、蜱虫等生物媒介。
4. 病毒性疾病的治疗方法有哪些?
答案:病毒性疾病的治疗方法包括:(1)抗病毒药物治疗,使用特定
的抗病毒药物抑制病毒复制;(2)免疫治疗,通过增强或调节宿主的
免疫系统来对抗病毒感染;(3)支持性治疗,如补液、降温等,以减
轻症状和并发症;(4)预防性措施,如疫苗接种、个人卫生习惯等。
5. 病毒变异对公共卫生有何影响?
答案:病毒变异对公共卫生的影响包括:(1)可能导致现有疫苗和治
疗方法的效果减弱;(2)增加病毒的传染性和致病性;(3)增加病
毒跨物种传播的风险;(4)对公共卫生监测和应对措施提出新的挑战。
高考生物真题2003非典
高考生物真题2003非典2003年高考生物非典疫情真题2003年发生的非典疫情给全球带来了巨大的冲击,而在当年的高考生物考试中,非典疫情也成为了热门话题。
以下是当年高考生物的一道关于非典的题目:(1)请简要说明非典病毒如何进行传播。
(4分)非典病毒主要通过飞沫传播。
当患者咳嗽、打喷嚏等方式释放唾液或粘膜等体液时,携带非典病毒的飞沫会传播到他人的呼吸道、眼结膜、皮肤等部位,导致感染。
此外,接触患者排泄物、呕吐物、呼吸道分泌物等也可能导致传播。
(2)假设某地区确诊出非典病例,请你简要分析该地区发生非典的主要原因和可能造成的后果。
(6分)该地区发生非典的主要原因可能包括未及时发现患者、隔离不到位、个人卫生不达标等。
如果未能有效控制疫情,可能导致病例数量急剧增加,甚至出现社区传播的情况,损害人民群众的身体健康,对当地的医疗卫生资源造成极大压力,影响当地经济和社会稳定。
(3)传染病的预防是保持健康的基础,请简要谈谈预防传染病的重要性,并提出预防措施。
(6分)预防传染病对于保障公共卫生和人民群众的健康至关重要。
预防措施包括:1. 保持个人卫生,勤洗手、不随地吐痰等;2. 去人多拥挤的地方,避免接触疑似传染病患者;3. 加强室内通风,保持空气清新;4. 远离野生动物,避免接触野生动物及其排泄物等。
以上是2003年高考生物非典疫情真题的部分内容,题目所涉及的知识点和应用能力要求考生对传染病的相关知识有一定的了解和掌握。
通过回顾这道题目,我们也能更深入地了解当年非典疫情的影响和应对措施,以及对应的生物学知识。
非典疫情是一场全民防疫的战役,希望我们能从历史中吸取教训,做好应对未来可能出现的传染病的准备。
十年(2014-2023)高考生物真题分项汇编(全国)专题19 免疫调节(原卷卷)
专题 19 免疫调节
〖2023 年高考真题〗 ...........................................................................................................................1 〖2022 年高考真题〗 ...........................................................................................................................3 〖2021 年高考真题〗 ...........................................................................................................................7 〖2020 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................ 12 〖2019 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................ 16 〖2018 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................ 19 〖2017 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................ 21 〖2016 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................ 22 〖2015 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................ 23 〖2014 年高考真题〗 ........................................................................................................................25
2024年高考真题 生物(全国甲卷)含参考答案
2024年高考真题生物(全国甲卷)一、单选题(每小题6分,共36分)1.细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位。
下列叙述正确的是()A.病毒通常是由蛋白质外壳和核酸构成的单细胞生物B.原核生物因为没有线粒体所以都不能进行有氧呼吸C.哺乳动物同一个体中细胞染色体数目有可能不同D.小麦根细胞吸收离子消耗的ATP主要由叶绿体产生2.ATP可为代谢提供能量,也参与RNA的合成,ATP结构如图所示,图中~表示高能磷酸键,下列叙述错误的是()A.ATP转化为ADP可为离子的主动运输提供能量B.用α位32P标记的ATP可以合成带有32P的RNAC.β和γ位磷酸基团之间的高能磷酸键不能在细胞核中断裂D.光合作用可将光能转化为化学能储存于β和γ位磷酸基团之间的高能磷酸键3.植物生长发育受植物激素的调控。
下列叙述错误的是()A.赤霉素可以诱导某些酶的合成促进种子萌发B.单侧光下生长素的极性运输不需要载体蛋白C.植物激素可与特异性受体结合调节基因表达D.一种激素可通过诱导其他激素的合成发挥作用4.甲状腺激素在人体生命活动的调节中发挥重要作用。
下列叙述错误的是()A.甲状腺激素受体分布于人体内几乎所有细胞B.甲状腺激素可以提高机体神经系统的兴奋性C甲状腺激素分泌增加可使细胞代谢速率加快D.甲状腺激素分泌不足会使血中TSH含量减少5.某生态系统中捕食者与被捕食者种群数量变化的关系如图所示,图中→表示种群之间数量变化的关系,如甲数量增加导致乙数量增加。
下列叙述正确的是()A.甲数量的变化不会对丙数量产生影响B.乙在该生态系统中既是捕食者又是被捕食者C.丙可能是初级消费者,也可能是次级消费者D.能量流动方向可能是甲→乙→丙,也可能是丙→乙→甲6.果蝇翅型、体色和眼色性状各由1对独立遗传的等位基因控制,其中弯翅、黄体和紫眼均为隐性性状,控制灰体、黄体性状的基因位于X染色体上。
某小组以纯合体雌蝇和常染色体基因纯合的雄蝇为亲本杂交得F1,F1相互交配得F2。
病毒高考试题及答案
病毒高考试题及答案一、选择题1. 病毒的基本结构不包括以下哪一项?A. 蛋白质外壳B. 遗传物质C. 细胞壁D. 包膜答案:C2. 病毒的复制过程通常发生在宿主细胞的哪个部位?A. 细胞质B. 细胞核C. 线粒体D. 高尔基体答案:B3. 下列哪种病毒是通过血液传播的?A. 流感病毒B. 艾滋病病毒C. 麻疹病毒D. 轮状病毒答案:B4. 病毒的遗传物质可以是以下哪种?A. DNAB. RNAC. 蛋白质D. 脂质答案:A和B二、填空题5. 病毒依赖于宿主细胞的______进行复制。
答案:生物合成机制6. 病毒的______是其感染宿主细胞的关键。
答案:表面蛋白7. 病毒的生命周期包括吸附、侵入、复制、______和释放。
答案:装配三、简答题8. 描述病毒如何通过空气传播。
答案:病毒可以通过感染者的咳嗽、打喷嚏等活动产生的飞沫传播到空气中,健康人吸入这些含有病毒的飞沫后,可能会被感染。
9. 解释为什么病毒没有细胞结构。
答案:病毒是一种非细胞生物,它们缺乏细胞结构,因为它们不能独立进行新陈代谢,必须侵入宿主细胞才能复制和繁殖。
四、论述题10. 论述疫苗如何帮助人体抵抗病毒感染。
答案:疫苗通过模拟病原体或其部分成分刺激人体免疫系统,产生免疫记忆。
当真正的病原体入侵时,免疫系统能够迅速识别并产生抗体,中和病毒,防止疾病发展。
此外,疫苗还可以减少病毒的传播,保护未接种疫苗的个体。
冠状病毒高考试卷真题
冠状病毒高考试卷真题# 冠状病毒高考试卷真题一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 冠状病毒属于哪一类病毒?A. RNA病毒B. DNA病毒C. 细菌D. 真菌2. 新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)首次被报道的时间是?A. 2019年12月B. 2020年1月C. 2020年2月D. 2020年3月3. 新型冠状病毒主要通过哪种方式传播?A. 空气传播B. 接触传播C. 食物传播D. 水源传播4. 预防新型冠状病毒感染,以下哪种措施是错误的?A. 勤洗手B. 戴口罩C. 避免人群聚集D. 吃生食5. 新型冠状病毒感染的典型症状包括以下哪项?A. 头痛B. 咳嗽C. 腹泻D. 以上都是二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)6. 新型冠状病毒的英文缩写是________。
7. 预防新型冠状病毒,建议使用含有________%以上酒精的消毒液。
8. 新型冠状病毒感染的潜伏期一般为________天。
9. 2020年,世界卫生组织将新型冠状病毒疫情定性为“_______”。
10. 接种新型冠状病毒疫苗是预防感染的________措施之一。
三、简答题(每题10分,共20分)11. 简述新型冠状病毒的传播途径及其预防措施。
12. 描述新型冠状病毒感染后可能出现的症状及就医建议。
四、论述题(每题15分,共30分)13. 论述新型冠状病毒对全球经济和社会生活的影响。
14. 分析新型冠状病毒疫情下,各国采取的不同应对措施及其效果。
五、材料分析题(每题10分,共10分)15. 阅读以下材料,分析新型冠状病毒疫苗研发的重要性及其面临的挑战。
[材料内容省略]六、综合应用题(每题10分,共10分)16. 假设你是社区健康教育工作者,请设计一份关于新型冠状病毒防控的宣传手册,列出至少三项主要内容。
# 参考答案一、选择题1. A2. A3. B4. D5. D二、填空题6. COVID-197. 758. 1-149. 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC)10. 重要三、简答题11. 新型冠状病毒主要通过飞沫传播和接触传播,预防措施包括勤洗手、戴口罩、保持社交距离、避免人群聚集等。
专题36 新型冠状病毒(高考真题 各地模拟题)
备战2022高考考英语完形填空话题分类训练(高考真题+各地模拟题)专题36 新型冠状病毒Passage 1(2021·天津·高考真题)For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____1____ when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____2____ took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____3____.For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____4____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the____5____ of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____6____ to get to work?With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____7____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____8____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again ____9____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____10____ to buy one.The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____11____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____12____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____13____ to their owners.Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____14____ struggling. ____15____ simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.In addition to ____16____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. ____17____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment."It's a really great ____18____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a ____19____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the ____20____ that he can make on people." 1.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened 2.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route 3.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet4.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace 5.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality 6.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission 7.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from8.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered 9.A.by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit 10.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse 11.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern 12.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements 13.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned 14.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly 15.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among 16.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social 17.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile 18.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience 19.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion 20.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress Passage 2(2021·河南·罗山县教学研究室一模)Raegan Lawrence is an 11-year-old student and band member at Bonaire Middle School,in central Georgia,USA.Over the past several months,she has used the grief(悲痛)and stress ___21___ by the COVID-19 pandemic to ___22___ her best and help others in the process.The COVID-19 pandemic has been very ___23___ to Raegan and her family. She lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather to the ___24___. And she hasn’ t been able to visit some of her ___25___ such as her grandfather.Feeling constantly sad,she___26___to find out what she could do to makethings___27___. While thinking about ways she could___28___,her band began to sell“the world’s finest chocolate bars”to raise funds.This gave her a(n)___29___—why not buy the world’ s finest chocolate barsto___30___the world’ s finest people? In her mind,the finest people in the world are the healthcare workers,firemen,and first responders who have___31___themselves during thispandemic to helping others while putting themselves in ___32___.And so she did! While Reagan is typically a___33___person,this did not stop her from promoting sales of her candy bars and then using the money___34___to buy bars for First Responders. She also ___35___to take all the money she had in savings from Christmas,her birthday and other gifts to buy chocolate bars for the world’ s finest people.In all,Raegan___36___over 400 bars. The first responders that received themwere___37___not just for the world’ s finest chocola te,but the___38___and caring actions of one of the world’ s finest 11-year-old girls !Raegan Lawrence’ s story has___39___many others to help those in need duringthis___40___moment.21.A.released B.caused C.damaged D.controlled 22.A.get over B.catch up C.look for D.bring out 23.A.typical B.strange C.cruel D.normal 24.A.virus B.worm C.public D.hospital 25.A.relatives B.classmates C.friends D.doctors 26.A.hesitated B.agreed C.struggled D.preferred 27.A.heavier B.higher C.clearer D.better 28.A.help B.stay C.share D.show 29.A.privilege B.excuse C.idea D.advantage 30.A.evaluate B.reward C.respect D.protect 31.A.devoted B.limited C.abandoned D.attached 32.A.silence B.stress C.comfort D.danger 33.A.stubborn B.brave C.shy D.patient 34.A.obtained B.borrowed C.found D.changed 35.A.afforded B.decided C.refused D.expected 36.A.tried out B.stored up C.broke off D.gave away 37.A.fit B.grateful C.responsible D.famous 38.A.humorous B.generous C.traditional D.honest 39.A.invited B.persuaded C.inspired D.required 40.A.interesting B.fruitful C.pleasant D.challenging Passage 3(2021·黑龙江·哈九中模拟预测)School across the country have switched to onlineclasses because of COVID-19. But many students are ___41___about how they’re going to make everything work.Not every family can afford a computer; besides, some schools are ___42___serious delays in computer orders. Without the ___43___, these kids can’t keep up with their online lessons. Recognizing this ___44___, Darla Purce of Huston, Texas, decided to do everything she could to help students get what they ___45___!Darla is a self-taught at ___46___computers, who also believes everyone should have the ___47___to use one. “If we’re talking about true equality, we’re talking about ___48___,” she said. “If we really want things to be ___49___for all the children, we must make sure all of them ____50____this technology.”Before the school year began, her caring neighbour ____51____Darla’s 12-year-old son, asked if he needed a computer for school because with his daughter going out to work, he had an/a ____52____and old desktop he was looking to ____53____. While her son didn’t need one, Darla knew someone else would.____54____, she repaired it, using her advantage, and offered it for free on the Nextdoor app. “After getting so many ____55____from the students, I said to myself, ‘Well, ____56____there’s much demand here,’ ” she added.Then she started collecting computers from ____57____people for local students! Her son helps her repair the computers, while her mom, though ____58____, steps up to help her too. So far, they’ve ____59____more than 24 computers.“We’re just trying to give as many students as possible a ____60____to learn,” she said proudly.41.A.worried B.angry C.curious D.serious 42.A.expecting B.explaining C.experiencing D.avoiding 43.A.technology B.consequence C.principle D.action 44.A.difference B.purpose C.restriction D.problem 45.A.confirm B.deserve C.select D.clarify 46.A.programming B.designing C.fixing D.marketing 47.A.burden B.right C.ability D.dream 48.A.exploration B.education C.appreciation D.information 49.A.similar B.typical C.real D.equal 50.A.benefit from B.show interest in C.depend on D.take pride in 51.A.interviewed B.received C.met D.praised52.A.extra B.cheap C.unpractical D.clumsy 53.A.hand in B.give away C.bring back D.store up 54.A.Lastly B.Instead C.However D.Therefore 55.A.comments B.assessments C.responses D.instructions 56.A.eventually B.normally C.fortunately D.clearly 57.A.generous B.familiar C.considerable D.unusual 58.A.energetic B.successful C.old D.poor 59.A.witnessed B.distributed C.demanded D.protected 60.A.challenge B.qualification C.promise D.chance Passage 4(2021·湖北蕲春·一模)Many nursing homes all over the world are locked down to protect their residents from the COVID﹣19. Group﹣f is a____61____ company in Belgium, whose employees wash the outsides of tall buildings, using platforms that are lifted by cranes (起重机). When the COVID﹣19 hit Belgium, Group﹣f's____62____ slowed down. The cranes sat____63____. But one day, company manager Bosch saw a man standing onthe____64____ and shouting up to his mother who was looking down____65____ from her window on the third floor of a nursing home. This gave Bosch a perfect____66____.Bosch realized he could put the cranes to good use. Ever since, he has been____67____ them to nursing homes. There, a family can____68____ a platform that a crane operator will lift up to the window of a loved one.Eve Putseys came to see her 88﹣year﹣old aunt, who lives in La Cambre, a nursing home. Before she____69____ the platform, Putseys didn't know what to expect. “It’s been seven long weeks that I haven’t been____70____ to see her, ” she said. But when Putseys returned to the ground, she was____71____ “I finally got to see her. She looked very happy to see me, ” she said.Officials at La Cambre helped organize the crane﹣operated____72____. “It’s been hard work but quite____73____, ” director Thibaut Chevrier says. Bosch____74____ that operating the machines costs his company money. But he has no____75____. “It’s a great honor to help people, ”he says.61.A.travel B.design C.building D.cleaning 62.A.business B.plan C.connection D.choice 63.A.unpacked B.unnoticed C.unused D.untouched64.A.platform B.ground C.window D.crane 65.A.secretly B.proudly C.suddenly D.tearfully 66.A.chance B.idea C.dream D.memory 67.A.hiring B.sending C.forcing D.accompanying 68.A.stand on B.set up C.return to D.head for 69.A.saw B.selected C.boarded D.exchanged 70.A.determined B.willing C.amused D.able 71.A.smiling B.rushing C.worrying D.waiting 72.A.agenda B.visit C.tour D.adventure 73.A.unnecessary B.natural C.practical D.impossible 74.A.predicts B.responds C.admits D.realizes 75.A.anxieties B.promises C.failures D.regrets Passage 5(2021·辽宁抚顺·二模)2020 was difficult for many people, __76__ it was good for me. Last year I __77__ many positive lessons.I lived then in China, where we didn't have many problems with COVID-19, which__78__ many countries.Chinese tourism had also __79__ much However, after things started getting back to "__80__ " in May, I could pretty much do what I wanted, I could see my friends and travel around the country.Instead of hating the lockdown (活动限制).I’m __81__ for the experience. I've learned since 2020 that it's __82__ to live on your own. I've done so for most of my life and 2020 has again __83__ this: Though you're on your own, it doesn't mean that you’re __84__ or unhappy. Don't worry about it.Conventional __85__ says, at least in the west, you must have a(n) __86__ desire to make money. Nevertheless, 2020 has taught me that's not necessarily __87__ . My business was OK last year. 2020 has shown me it's OK to have some __88__ in your life when you have nothing to do.We needn't always keep every minute of our lives __89__ .What are some of the life __90__ you learned in 2020?76.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Thus D.However 77.A.got B.bought C.reflected D.observed 78.A.puzzled B.worried C.surprised D.delighted79.A.risen B.suffered C.developed D.upgraded 80.A.basics B.principles C.normal D.fashion 81.A.famous B.anxious C.grateful D.fit 82.A.efficient B.tiring C.upset D.acceptable 83.A.concluded B.strengthened C.confirmed D.guaranteed 84.A.lonely B.smart C.curious D.independent 85.A.means B.wisdom C.mode D.system 86.A.convincing B.amazing C.burning D.frightening 87.A.annoyed B.organized C.far D.true 88.A.interest B.troubles C.time D.skills 89.A.occupied B.tested C.wasted D.stolen 90.A.prospects B.lessons C.standards D.goals Passage 6(2021·黑龙江·哈尔滨市第六中学校模拟预测)V olunteers in New York call on people to donate their used iPads to help poor patients keep in touch with their families online.Some people with COVID-19 died alone in the___91___physically separated from their friends and family, which is a___92___situation. This cruel reality saddens a group of volunteers, so they decide to help___93___patients with family members online, who are unable to be present due to hospital___94___on visitors. They intend to___95___used iPads from across the country and donate them to hospitals in communities where the needis___96___urgent. Nicolas Heller, a 31-year-old volunteer, said thousands of people had died from the___97___in isolation(隔离)without the comforting words or touch froma___98___one. Heller is collecting used iPads for patients who do not___99___smart phones capable of video chatting.____100____Friday morning, the volunteer group had____101____375 used iPads from donors(捐赠者)nationwide. So far, 300 of the iPads have been smoothly____102____to Brooklyn's University Hospital of Brooklyn. The volunteers were ____103____by the donors' generosity. What the volunteers are doing is____104____people’s iPads that are not used anymore to help those patients in hospitals.____105____, the group explained to the public how the donated iPads could also benefit hospital staff with____106____personal protective equipment, such as masks and____107____. These iPads can____108____medical staff to communicate with patients from outside of the room, ____109____their risk of beingexposed to the virus.No one is an island. United, we can make a(n) ____110____to the world. 91.A.street B.shelter C.hospital D.workplace 92.A.delightful B.satisfying C.annoying D.heartbreaking 93.A.imagine B.understand C.connect D.save 94.A.differences B.restrictions C.explanations D.consequences 95.A.collect B.repair C.borrow D.pack 96.A.slightly B.extremely C.hardly D.luckily 97.A.accident B.mistake C.loneliness D.disease 98.A.lost B.missing C.married D.loved 99.A.own B.enjoy C.play D.trust 100.A.In B.On C.By D.At 101.A.abandoned B.received C.changed D.returned 102.A.applied B.donated C.created D.sold 103.A.amazed B.frightened C.amused D.discouraged 104.A.keep track of B.take care of C.get hold of D.make use of 105.A.Otherwise B.Instead C.However D.Besides 106.A.common B.extra C.limited D.heavy 107.A.gloves B.rings C.ties D.watches 108.A.allow B.inspire C.expect D.advise 109.A.covering B.decreasing C.increasing D.causing 110.A.plan B.effort C.difference D.contact参考答案:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.C7.A8.D9.C10.B11.B12.A13.D14.C15.C16.A17.D18.D19.B20.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
病毒高考试题及答案
病毒高考试题及答案一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1. 病毒的基本结构包括以下哪些部分?A. 蛋白质外壳和遗传物质B. 细胞壁和遗传物质C. 细胞膜和遗传物质D. 蛋白质外壳、细胞壁和遗传物质答案:A2. 病毒的复制过程主要发生在哪个细胞器中?A. 线粒体B. 核糖体C. 内质网D. 高尔基体答案:B3. 下列哪种病毒属于DNA病毒?A. 流感病毒B. 艾滋病毒C. 乙型肝炎病毒D. 脊髓灰质炎病毒答案:C4. 病毒的感染途径不包括以下哪项?A. 呼吸道传播B. 消化道传播C. 血液传播D. 光合作用传播答案:D5. 病毒的潜伏期是指什么?A. 病毒进入宿主细胞到病毒复制完成的时间B. 病毒进入宿主细胞到病毒开始复制的时间C. 病毒进入宿主细胞到宿主出现症状的时间D. 病毒进入宿主细胞到病毒被免疫系统清除的时间答案:C6. 病毒的包膜结构对病毒有什么作用?A. 保护病毒遗传物质B. 帮助病毒进入宿主细胞C. 提供病毒复制所需的能量D. 使病毒能够进行光合作用答案:B7. 病毒的遗传变异主要通过哪种方式?A. 基因重组B. 基因突变C. 染色体变异D. 基因复制答案:B8. 病毒疫苗的主要作用是什么?A. 杀死病毒B. 预防病毒感染C. 治疗病毒感染D. 增强宿主细胞的免疫力答案:B9. 病毒的传播途径不包括以下哪项?A. 直接接触传播B. 空气传播C. 水源传播D. 植物传播答案:D10. 病毒的生命周期包括以下哪些阶段?A. 吸附、侵入、复制、装配、释放B. 吸附、侵入、复制、装配、死亡C. 吸附、侵入、复制、死亡、释放D. 吸附、侵入、复制、装配、感染答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 病毒没有______结构,必须依赖宿主细胞进行复制。
答案:细胞2. 病毒的______是病毒的遗传物质,可以是DNA或RNA。
答案:核酸3. 病毒的______是病毒的保护性结构,有助于病毒抵抗外界环境。
