分句、合句法翻译
考研英语翻译第四章 翻译方法与技巧(句法)

第四章翻译方法与技巧(句法)第一节分句法与合句法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可将原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变;但是不少情况则必须将原来的句子的结构作较大的改变。
分句法是指将原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;合句法则是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
一.分句法1、将原文中的一个单词译成句子1)They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
(将一个副词译为一个句子)2)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出的。
(将一个形容词译为一句子)2、将原文中一个短语译成句子1)Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness, and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了阴影。
(将一个分词短语译为句子)能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。
这是一条普遍公认的规律。
(将一个名词语译为一个句子)3、将一个句子拆开译成两个或两个以上句子His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。
(将一个句子译为一个主句和一个从句)二、合句法1、将原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north and near the sea.他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。
(将两个单句译为一个单句)2、将原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我在谈判时总是有些紧张。
英汉句法翻译(分句、合句与长句)

3.1 分句译法
• 分句译法又称之“拆句法”。就是把英语中较长的句 子译成汉语中较短的句子。
• 从结构上看:英语的句子好比参天大树,枝叶横生; 而汉语的句子则如万顷碧波,层层推进。
• 在下列两种情况下宜于使用分句法: • (1) 原文句子虽不长,但照直译时所得的译文很别
扭,不拆便读不 顺口或容易发生误解。一般将一些单 词或短语译成独立的句子。 • (2) 原文句子冗长,特别是那些曲折迂回,层见跌 出的一大串文字。一般将从句分译成汉语的单句。
• 4. He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
• 他摇了摇头,两目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸 上露出了愤怒的神色。
3.1.2 将词组或短语译成汉语的句子
• 1.I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
• 由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领要地的敌人甚 至还没有能占领外围地带,这一事实使我增强了信心。
指代它,与主句的其他 成分连句成文。
got to know the real people of Egypt.
• 英国人在埃及呆了那么多
年,却从来没有真正了解
埃及人,这是异乎寻常的。
4. It’s quite probable that he is gone.(他已经走了,有那一是条很举可世能的公。)
3.3.1 切断法(顺序法)
• 所谓切断法,就是按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”, 按意群将长句断开译成若干汉语分句。如:
英语分句法、合句法的翻译

Their power increased with their number. 他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。
He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿,就国际形势来说,时机正合适。
前置语短语
把一个分句译成两个分句 She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她巳试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。
He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
他摇了摇头,两目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
名词
把一个短语译成分句 1、分词短语 She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿,双手托着下巴,凝视着小厨房的一角。 2、名词短语 I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。
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把原文中的并列复合句译成一个单句 In 1844 Engels met Max, and they became friends.
英语语句翻译方法

英语语句翻译方法英语语句翻译方法有哪些?翻译其实只要掌握了方法并不难,看看下面吧!一、正反、反正表达法i.汉语从反面表达,译文从正面表达例1:他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文:The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词) 例2:我们确信,年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文:We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy ofour trust. (短语)例3:他七十岁了,可是并不显老。
译文:He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)II.汉语从正面表达,译文从反面表达例1:他这个人优柔寡断,而且总是反复无常。
译文:He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)例2:调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文:The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heartdisease.(短语)例3:这类举动迟早会被人觉察的。
译文:Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子) III.特殊的否认句式例1:有利必有弊。
译文:There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否认)例2:我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文:In that city, we had never suffereddiscrimination because we wereJews. (否认转移)二、分句、合句法I.分句法汉译英时,需要分译的句子多数是长句,或者是构造复杂的复句。
这种句子如果译成一个长句,就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚,也不符合英文习惯。
分句、合句法研究生翻译课课件

4.The prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters.
分句、合句法
分译和合译 • 西文的句式一般是以主句、并列句、从句及各类起 • 修饰作用的短语构成的,以主语和谓语为核心,从左到 • 右,像一颗左边长满了树枝(right-branching)的树一 • 般。而中文的句式往往以动词为中心,以时间顺序为 • 逻辑语序的流水型的句式结构。英文句子,如果语法 • 结构运用得好,可以很长,而翻译成中文就必须拆成多 • 个短句。这种情况下的翻译就应采用分译和合译,以 • 灵活处理句子的长度。如: • 原文:It is a truth universally acknowledged that a
我在美国旅行期间,注意到了一种根深谛固的忧郁症。我觉得这种 忧郁症似乎极其普遍,这给社会改革家出了难题。(在第一个 which引导的从句前切分。)
3.The day of the big snow, when you had to shovel the walk and couldn‘t find your cap and asked me how to wind a towel so that it would stay on your head--- you, in the white towel turban, like a crazy king of the snow.
• single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.(J.Austen:Pride and Prejudice)
英汉翻译的基本技(9)-分句与合句

• Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
• 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭,这是一 条普遍公认的规律。
(二)、短语分译
• Invitingly green Angel Island, once a military installation, contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a day’s excursion.
• 长期以来,他的同僚虽然看不起他,却还 是对他有些亲切感;现在,除• At present people have a tendency to
choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. • 现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度 来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。
一、分句法
• 分句就是常用的一种方法,它常包括:
• (一)、单词分译 • (二)、短语分译 • (三)、句子分译
(一)、单词分译
• 单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成 一个句子,使原文中的一个句子分译成两 个或两个以上的句子。
• 采用单词分译主要有两个目的:一是为了 句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词 义等方面的特点,直译会使句子生硬晦涩, 翻译腔十足,而把某个单词分译却能使句 子通顺,且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上 的需要,如加强语气,突出重点等。
合适。
(二)、短语分译
• During several hours of semiconscious sleep, Lydia dreamed of Jean-Jacques, feeling his presence.
英汉句法翻译(分句合句与长句)课件

随着全球化的加速和跨文化交流的增加,英汉句 法翻译的需求将进一步增加,推动翻译行业的不 断发展。
翻译标准的完善
随着翻译实践的深入和理论研究的丰富,英汉句 法翻译的标准和规范将不断完善,提高翻译的质 量和水平。
THANK YOU
感谢各位观看
分句的翻译技巧
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直译与意译
根据分句的具体含义和语 境,选择合适的翻译方法 ,直译保留原文形式,意 译注重原文意思的传达。
增译与减译
根据中文表达习惯,对分 句进行适当的增译或减译 ,增补必要的成分,删除 冗余部分。
语态转换
注意英汉两种语言的语态 差异,正确处理分句中的 被动语态,转换为中文的 主动语态或被动语态。
表达不自然
在翻译长句时,可能会因为追求形式上的对等而忽略了语 言的自然流畅。解决方案是注重译文的自然表达,适当调 整语序和结构,使译文更加通顺易懂。
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英汉句法翻译实践
常见分句合句与长句的翻译实例
分句合句技巧
将英语中的长句拆分成几个短句,再根据中文的表达习惯重 新组合,使译文更加流畅自然。例如,将“He not only finished his homework, but also cleaned the room.”拆 分为“他不仅完成了作业,还打扫了房间。”
英汉句法翻译(分句合句与长句) 课件
目录
• 英汉句法对比 • 英汉分句翻译 • 英汉合句翻译 • 英汉长句翻译 • 英汉句法翻译实践
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英汉句法对比
句子结构对比
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英语句子结构以主语+谓语为核 心,强调形式上的主谓一致和完 整的句子结构。
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汉语句子结构则更加灵活,主语 和谓语之间不一定有严格的一致 性,且常使用无主语句。
英汉翻译---分句、合句法

2)Their power increased with their number. 译文:他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。
3)He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.
3) They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
译文:他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
4)He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago.
译文:他来到华盛顿,就国际形式来说,时 机正合适。
4) Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.
译文:医生和伤病员常常叹气一种神奇的药 物,而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。
5) The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.
2)Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can Possibly get here in the United Stated. 译文:我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能 得到的更好的治疗。
4)His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.
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第四章分句、合句法教学目的:让学生了解如何运用分句、合句译法重点、难点:单词和复合句的分句、合句译法方法:讲解、提问、讨论教学步骤分句、合句法定义分句法---把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
合句法---把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
分句法把原文中的一个单词译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
副词The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achiev ements.译文:中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can Possibly get here in the United Stated. 译文:我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.译文:他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been the re three hours ago.译文:他真愿那时候已在家里。
要是在往常的日子里,他早已到家三小时了。
Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle s olution.译文:她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。
这是不合情理的事。
But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes we re made, so that at the end of the business day one teller wo uld be short on cash, the other long.译文:但是,偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误,结果当天停业结算时,有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。
形容词Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of h i s policy of “self-reliance”. 译文:毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时,也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。
That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.译文:那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。
He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now t hat contempt was no longer cordial.译文:长期以来,他的同僚虽然看不起他,却还是对他有些亲切感,现在,除看不起他之外,亲切感也没有了。
He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 译文:他昂首阔步地走开,心里半信半疑,感到十分苦恼。
名词A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell le aving a rifle.译文:我离开哪个担任掩体速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会象出膛的子弹一样。
He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then n arrowed in indignation.译文:他摇了摇头,两目睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret t raining base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effective ly masking its activity…译文:作为居住的地方,这里有许多不足之处。
但作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地切实非常理想的。
它地处边陲,人们不易了解其中的活动……The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its oc cupants.译文:每个帐篷内怎样的布置,这要看各个使用者的性格了。
把原文中的一个短语译成句子,使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
分词短语They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.译文:他们在群众佳丽感到自在,行动时心里踏实,无忧无虑。
She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a cornerof the little kitchen.译文:她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴,眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。
Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darknessand choking the shadows. 译文:阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了幽影。
He was lying on his side watching her.译文:他侧身躺着。
双目凝视着她。
But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it .译文:可是他们都变成沙漠里的牧民了,生活在苍天之下,黄土之上。
他们可也喜欢这种生活。
名词短语I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never t ouched before.译文:我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。
The military is forbidden to “kill” the vessel, a relatively easy task.译文:(政府)禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
The station chief would have to be close to the director, a m ember of the inner circle.译文:这位站长就得接近董事,因为董事是核心集团的成员。
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally ac cepted law.译文:能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭,这是一条普遍公认的规律。
The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food.译文:这个医院伙食好,这点已远近闻名了。
前置词短语1)In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died inthe war, I came to Yanan.译文:1946年八月,我在回莫斯科家的途中,第五次路过中国;由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了,当时我并不急于回去,就到了延安。
2)Their power increased with their number.译文:他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。
3)He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 译文:他来到华盛顿,就国际形式来说,时机正合适。
4) Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.译文:医生和伤病员常常叹气一种神奇的药物,而且谈时几乎都带着一种敬畏的口气。
5) The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.译文:答案一直摆在那里,可(他)就是没有拿到手。
6) Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of i rritation in it, unusual to Rob. 译文:麦尔斯先生仍然面带微笑,可是他的口气却有点不耐烦了。
(三)把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或两个以上的句子。
1)Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big ki tchen watching him eat. 译文:有时,克罗斯太太一面在大厨房踱来踱去,一面看他吃饭。
2)She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success. 译文:她已试了好几次,要帮他们另找一所出租的房子,结果并未成功。
3)But another round of war in the region clearly would put s trains on international relations. 译文:但是,如果该地区再次发生战争,显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。
4)His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 译文:因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。
5) The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.译文:屋后是个宽敞的院子,大部分都给果实累累的果树占据了。
6) David opened the door, and Arthur went out into the rain.译文:大卫把门打开,亚瑟走出去,冒着雨。
7) He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowled ge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.译文:他想告诉约翰,他没有料到他的知识有这么渊博,但是觉得有些不好意思,没有说出口。