分句与合句法
分句、合句法(精)
２）She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 译文：她坐在那儿双手拖着下巴，眼睛凝视 着小厨房的一角。 ３）Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows. 译文：阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方， 赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。
3) He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial. 译文：长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是 对他有些亲切感，现在，除看不起他之外，亲 切感也没有了。 4) He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast. 译文：他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十 分苦恼。
3) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity… 译文：作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。但 作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地切实非常理 想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活 动…… 4) The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants. 译文：每个帐篷内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者 的性格了。
分句、合句法
I walked back into dismantled apartment. It stinks of departure.
我回到公寓，家具都已收拾一空，到处弥漫着离 情别绪。 He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial. 长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是对他 有些亲切。现在，除看不起之外，亲切感也没有 了。 原语“障碍点”本身需要阐释，如同步转换可能 形成累赘，不如拆离。
每一个驾驶汽车的英国人都会告诉你，警察非常 不公平地使用雷达来抓那些只是偶尔稍微超速行 驶的驾车人。 每一个驾驶汽车的英国人都会告诉你，警察 用雷 达来抓那些只是偶尔稍微超速行驶的驾车人，这 种做法很不公平。 如按原语语序在目的语中作同步对应转换，那在 目的语中势必造成行文上的不自然。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get in the United States. 顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比 我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。
Mr. Myles stilled smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob. 麦尔斯先生仍然面带微笑，可是他的口气
却有点不耐烦了。罗布很少见到这种情况。
07分句和句法
翻译技巧 5 分句合句法分句法和合句法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。
分句法：指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
合句法：指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
分句法I、把原文中的一个单词译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
1. 副词例 1：They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.例 2: The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.例 3：He is suggestively silent.2. 形容词例 1: That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.例 2：She wanted to find a lonely place to shed private tears.例 3；Alice and Mary stood in quiet sorrow for some time.例 4：I drank a silent toast to good life.例 5: He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial.3. 名词例 1：He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.例 2：Pressing down the button of the alarmclock, he curled up for a last moment under the bedclothes.II. 把原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
分句法与合句法
• In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yan’an. • 1946年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第 五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已在战争中牺 牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。
• Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States. • They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
• I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. • 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。 • Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law. • 能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一 条普遍公认的规律。
• It was half past ten. Sarie watched the path anxiously. • 十点半的时候，莎莉焦急地朝着小路张望。 • He would miss many things and many people. He would miss his Celia. • 他会想念许许多多往事，许许多多朋友， 也会想念他的西丽亚。
英汉翻译---分句、合句法
英汉翻译---分句、合句法
定义
▪ 分句法---把原文的一个简单句译成两个或
两个以上的句子。
darkness and choking the shadows. 译文：阳光射入了它所能透过的所以地方，赶走了黑暗，驱
散了幽影。
４）He was lying on his side watching her. 译文：他侧身躺着。双目凝视着她。
５）But they had become nomads of the desert, living on the ground and under the sky, and they loved it .
Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. 译文：他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。
译文：他真愿那时候已在家里。要是在往常 的日子里，他早已到家三小时了。
5) Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.
译文：她满想会有某种奇迹般的解决办法。这是不 合情理的事。
6) But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.
英语分句法、合句法的翻译
二、合句法
两个简单句译成一个单句 He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人单纯而坦率。 There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South. 从全国各地来的人中有许多是南方人。
3.名词 He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成 一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
把一个短语译成分句 1、分词短语 She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿，双手托着下巴，凝视着小厨房 的一角。 2、名词短语 I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
把原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句 When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点 东西。 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅 是出于礼貌。
分句法、合句法
一、分句法
把一个单词译成一个分句 1.副词： The Chinese seemed justifiably pround of their economic achievements. 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而 自豪，这是合乎情理的。
分句合句法研究生翻译课
4.The prisoners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels and write censored letters.
几个小时过去了，莉迪亚一直处于半清醒的睡眠状态。她做了个梦， 梦见了让·雅克，觉得他就在她的身边。（介词短语分译）
3. Once considered an art colony， Sansalito is now a chic enclave of boutiques and high-priced homes nestled in the hillsides.
1.Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.
玩忽法令者形形色色，令人吃惊。//比较：。。。令人吃惊的多 种多样。 2.At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.
4. In 1921 his mother’s death was closely followed by that of his three-year-old daughter Marigold.
1921年他的母亲去世，紧接着他3岁的女儿玛丽戈尔德也死去。
（二）并列复合句的分译：常常在分句连接处加以切分，译成两个 或两个以上的句子。
1。Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and sounded puzzled when Alan asked for Jone. 电话铃响过了几秒钟之后，海伦·玛奇拿起话筒。听到艾伦问起琼， 她的声音流露起迷惑的语调。（在连词and处切分）
英汉翻译的基本技(9)-分句与合句
（二）、短语分译
• 短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分 译成一个句子，使原文中的一个句子 分译成两个或两个以上的句子。分词 短语、名词短语、介词（前置词）短 语等有时都可以分译成句。
（二）、短语分译
• 1. 分词短语 • They were at home in the home of the people,
（一）、单词分译
• 英语中的副词、形容词和名词等都可分译。 • 1. 副词 • The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of
their economic achievements. • 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得成就而自
豪，这是合乎情理的。
（一）、单词分译
• They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. • 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 • Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind
• 分句法——把原文某句话的成分加以分解， 译成两个或两个以上的句子。
• 合句法——把原文两个或两个以上的句子加 以合并，译成一个句子。
翻译的基本技巧（9）——分句与合句 • 一、分句法 • 二、合句法
一、分句法
• 英语中长句较多。句中修饰语多且长，句 子结构复杂，宛如“参天大树，枝叶横 生”；而汉语中长句则相对较少，修饰语 也较少且短，宛如“万顷碧波，层层推 进”。所以英译汉时，不能照样克隆复制， 而是得根据汉语的特点，灵活处理。
• 毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时， 也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。
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分句法、合句法英汉两中语言在句法结构存在很大差异。
英语重形合，连接词较为发达，句子结构层层包孕，叠床架屋，句子在空间上呈大树型结构，长句较多；汉语重意合，句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词，积词成句，积句成章，流水句较多，呈线型排列，一句接一句，短句较多，句子结构呈竹竿型分布。
针对英汉句子结构的不同特征，在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯作响应的转换，以确保译文通顺流畅。
在进行英汉翻译时，有时我们可以把原文的整个句子结构保存下来或稍加些许改动即可。
但在多数情况下，需对原句子作较大的改动以符合目的语的表达习惯。
分句法和合句法就是改变句子结构的两种重要的方法。
所谓分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。
所谓合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个简单句来表达。
一、分句法（—）副词的分译1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.--中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，这是合乎情理的。
2）Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire. --杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all. (adv.）他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
She wished she were at Kangding. Ordinarily, she would have been here two hours ago. ( adv.)她真愿意那时已在康定。
要是在平常的日子里，她早已到康定三个小时了。
Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.史密斯先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，这是他的特点。
（二）形容词的分译3）Buckley was in a clear minority.巴克利属于少数派，这是明摆着的事实。
4）That region was the most identifiable trouble place.那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家很容易看出来的。
（三）动词的分译Radio waves have been considered radiant energy.人们已经认识到，无线电波是一种辐射能The maximum demand for electricity today is expected to double within a decade. 可以预料，目前对电的最大需要量在十年内可望增加一倍。
（四）短语的分译To be scientific, we must test the formulas and the conclusions by experiments.（不定式短语）要使之具有科学性，我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论。
Owing to the resistance, a current will heat the conductor along which it is passing.(介词短语) 由于有电阻，电流会使它通过的导体发热。
Moving with greater speed, the molecules strike the walls of the container harder and harder.(分词短语)运动速度越大，分子对容器壁的撞击就越猛烈，越频繁。
（五）非人称主语句的分译The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy.捷报传来，举国欢腾。
Poor acoustics spoilt the performance.音响效果不好，演出大为逊色。
(六) 长句的分译There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.(拆开定语从句)我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。
It was sufficient that there was tenderness in her eyes, weakness in her manner, good nature and hope in her thoughts. (拆开名词从句)只要她眼睛里含情脉脉，举止里透漏着娇柔，思想里洋溢着善良和希望，这就够了。
After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admirers at backstage as he always does.(拆开状语从句) 他在那个城市演唱了一场音乐会。
音乐会结束了以后，他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。
讨论：拆还是不拆，这是个问题？二合句法既有分句，就有合句，这是英汉两种语言在词汇，语法以及修辞方面的差异造成的。
相比较而言，在英译汉时，分句法比合句法更为常见。
但有时候也会见到把英语的两个单句，复合句和并列句压缩糅合在一起翻译的情况。
这样处理比较符合汉语语言的洗练简洁的特点，从而避免译文的拖泥带水和罗嗦的缺点。
简单句的合译It was on the early morning of April 2, 1989. The pilots were briefed in the ready room.1989年4月2日清晨，飞机驾驶员在待命室接受飞行任务。
What a pleasant surprise! I shall be delighted to meet you on Friday,16th February at the International Hotel.没想到将能于2月16日（星期五）在国际大酒店见到你。
His eyes were triumphantly cold. There was no light in them, no feeling, no interest.他的目光傲慢冷酷，呆滞无光，淡漠无情。
There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from Sichuan.从全国各地来的人中有许多是四川人。
He was very clean. His mind was open.他为人单纯而坦率。
主从复合句的合译The liquid water is heated so that it becomes steam.液态水受热而变成蒸汽。
It is necessary that those machines should be lubricated regularly.那些机器必须经常上润滑油。
The structure of the steel and the resulting properties will depend on how hot the steel gets and how quickly or slowly it is cooled.钢的结构和性质，视其加热程度和冷却快慢而定。
If we do a thing, we should do it well.我们要干就干好。
It was in mid-September, and the new students attended the military training under the blazing sun.九月中旬，新生在骄阳下军训。
Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.家，阔别了七年的家，这个词对他是多么亲切啊！并列句的合译In 1844, Engels met Marx, and they became friends.1844年恩克思与马克思相遇并成为朋友。
The stimulation provided by a late mystery show on TV or a hard fought game of chess or an animated chat with friends may be delightful, but it will tend to keep us wide awake.很晚的引人入胜的电视节目，激烈的棋赛或跟朋友热烈的聊天，往往会使人过于兴奋，久久不能入睡。
Class-work 1Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.Class-work 1 参考答案Americans pride themselves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.－－美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。
2. The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.－－电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。
Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, the temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter－－由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。