当代物流学 第二章 The Supply Chain Management Concept
2-28
Barriers to Supply Chain Management
Regulatory
and political considerations Lack of top management commitment Reluctance to share, or use, relevant data Incompatible information systems Incompatible corporate cultures
Distributor Orders
Production Plan
Time
Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998
What Management Gets...
Order Size
Customer Demand
Processes Best Practice Metrics Technology
2-13
SCOR is structured around five distinct management processes
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Supply-Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR) 6.1 - Processes
Production Plan
Time
Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998
What Management Wants…
Volumes
Production Plan
Customer Demand
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Key Attributes of Supply Chain Management
Inventory
control
– Bullwhip effect – JAZ
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The Dynamics of the Supply Chain
Order Size
Customer Demand Retailer Orders
to
execute
due
to
– Cultural, economic, and technological – Political, spatial, and logistical
2-20
Globalization of Supply Chains
2-21
Key Attributes of Supply Chain Management
Source: Robert B. Handfield and Ernest L. Nichols, Jr., Introduction to Supply Chain Management
2-5
Figure 2-1: Different Supply Chain Configurations
2-6
2-29
Supply Chain Management and Integration
Long-term,
mutually beneficial agreements
– Partnerships – Strategic alliances – Contract logistics
2-30
What is Supply Chain Integration?
•
the degree to which the firm can strategically collaborate with their supply chain partners and collaboratively manage the intra- and interorganization processes to achieveБайду номын сангаасthe effective and efficient flows of • • • • Product and services, Information, Money, Decisions
– Companies recognize interdependencies – Goals and objectives are compatible
2-11
Supply-Chain Council
– The SCC is an independent, not-for-profit, global corporation with membership open to all companies and organizations interested in applying and advancing state-of-the-art supply chain management systems and practices. – The Supply-Chain Council (SCC) has developed and endorsed the Supply Chain Operations Referencemodel (SCOR) as the cross-industry standard for supply chain management
Developed
by Bose Corporation Supplier integration program
– A more realistic competitive perspective – “In-plants”
2-19
Globalization of Supply Chains
Customer
power Long-term orientation
– Relational exchanges – Transactional exchanges
Leveraging
technology Enhanced communication across organizations
2-12
SCOR is structured around five distinct management processes
Plan
Deliver Return
Source Return
Make
Deliver
Return
Source
Return
Make
Deliver Return
Source Return
2-3
The Supply Chain Concept
Key
Terms
Key
Terms
– SCOR model – Strategic alliances – Supply chain – Supply chain councils – Supply chain management
– Third-party arrangements – Third-party logistics – Transactional exchanges
M1 Make-to-Stock
Deliver
D1 Deliver Stocked Products
M2 Make-to-Order
D2 Deliver MTO Products
S3 Source ETO Products
M3 Engineer-to-Order
D3 Deliver ETO Products
CHAPTER 2
The Supply Chain Management Concept
Learning Objectives
To learn about supply chains and their management To understand differences between transactional and relational exchanges To realize the importance of leveraging technology To appreciate barriers to supply chain management
仓库 纺纱厂
棉花
织布厂
印染厂
服装厂
批发商
销售代理商
零售店
顾客
Supply Chain Management
– Supply chain management is “the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses in the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the longterm performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole.”
Plan
P2 Plan Source P1 Plan Supply Chain P3 Plan Make P4 Plan Deliver P5 Plan Returns
Suppliers
Source
S1 Source Stocked Products
S2 Source MTO Products
Make
2-4
About Supply Chains…
A
supply chain “encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows.”
2物流与供应链管理的基本概念-PPT文档资料
第三节基本理论—物流
“黑大陆”学说 “物流冰山”学说 “第三利润源”学说 成本中心说 服务中心说 效益背反说 商物分离说 物流战略说
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商学院
“黑大陆”学说
1962年，著名的管理学家彼得·德鲁克在《财 富》杂志上发表了题为《经济的黑色大陆》 一文，他强调应高度重视流通及流通过程中 的物流管理。彼得·德鲁克曾经讲过“流通是 经济领域的黑暗大陆”。德鲁克泛指的是流 通，但由于流通领域中物流活动的模糊性特 别突出，它是流通领域中人们认识不清的领 域，所以“黑大陆”学说主要针对物流而言 。
物流理论的成熟与物流管理现代化阶段 （1978-1985）
20世纪70年代末，物流活动的经营环境有了巨大的变 化，一系列规则制度的放松为物流的迅速发展提供了 广阔的前景，计算机等现代科技的发展，为物流全面 管理提供了物质基础和手段。
这一时期随着MRP、DRP以及JIT等先进管理方法的开 发和在物流管理中的运用，使人们逐渐认识到要从流 通生产的全过程来把握物流管理。
商学院
日本物流管理的发展3
物流合理化时期（1974-1983）
第一次石油危机后，日本迎来了减量经营的时代，经 营成本的降低成为经营战略的重要课题，从而要求物 流能有所作为。这一时期是物流合理化的时代。
物流专业部门登上了企业管理的舞台，开始真正的以 系统、整体的观点来开展降低物流成本的运动。
物流子公司的建立开始兴起，并伴随着日本全国范围 内的物流联网的蓬勃发展，这极大的推进了订货、出 货等业务的迅速化和成本降低。
1997年，日本政府制定了《综合物流实测大纲》。
商学院
欧洲物流管理的发展过程
欧洲物流的初级阶段
早在20世纪中期，欧洲各国为了降低产品成本 ，就已经开始重视企业范围内物流过程的信息 传递，对传统的物料搬运进行变革，对企业内 的物流进行必要的规划，以便寻求物流合理化 的途径。这一时期，管理技术相对落后，信息 交换通过邮件，产品跟踪采用贴标签的方式， 而且储存与运输是分离的，并各自独立经营。
《物流专业英语》Unit-2-Supply-chain-PPT课件
.
23
1）What is the definition of a supply chain?
A supply chain is a complex logistics system in which raw materials are converted into finished products and then distributed to end users (consumers or companies)
什么是供应链管理？ 供应链管理(SCM) 涉及到供应链中对材料流、信息流和资金流
所进行的整合、协调和控制。
.
7
供应链管理图
.
8
What is the task of the SCM? The task of the SCM is to design, plan, and execute the supply-
活动进行设计、规划和执行，以便能给客户提供理想的服 务水平，并使其获得利润。
.
9
Why is supply chain management important? In 2006, US companies spent over $ 1 trillion (10% of GNP) on
supply-related activities (movement, storage, and control of products across the supply chain). Eliminating inefficiencies in supply chains can save companies millions of dollars.
为什么供应链管理是重要的？ 在2006年，美国公司在与供应相关联的活动（产品在整个供应
Supply Chain Logistics Management 供应链与物流管理PPT课件04
内容提要 4.1 物流概论 4.2 电子商务物流方案 4.3 第三方物流 4.4 物流信息系统
Supply Chain & Logistics Management
5
© Dept. of Industrial Engineering 2007
Supply Chain & Logistics Management
物流概念
8
© Dept. of Industrial Engineering 2007
Supply Chain & Logistics Management
2.物流管理的含义
物流管理是指，根据物质实体资料流动的规律，应用 管理的基本原理和科学方法，对物流活动进行计划、 组织、指挥、协调、控制和监督，使各项物流活动实 现最佳的协调与配合，通过降低物流成本和满足市场 需求来提高社会效率和经济效益的过程。
4.1 物流概论
▪ 4.1.1 物流定义 ▪ 4.1.2 物流的相关理论 ▪ 4.1.3 物流管理的发展趋势
Supply Chain & Logistics Management
6
© Dept. of Industrial Engineering 2007
Supply Chain & Logistics Management
•
10、只要下定决心克服恐惧，便几乎 能克服 任何恐 惧。因 为，请 记住， 除了在 脑海中 ，恐惧 无处藏 身。-- 戴尔． 卡耐基 。
Supply Chain & Logistics Management
供应链与物流管理
© Dept. of Industrial Engineering 2007
当代物流学相关知识培训(英文版)(ppt 22页)
Allocating is breaking a homogeneous supply into smaller lots
Asserting is building up assortments of goods for resale, usually to retail customers
Two : the meaning of logistics
Clm : logistics is that point of the supply chain process that plans, implement, and controls the efficient ,effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirement
Salvage and scrap dispose Transportation management Warehousing management
The most significant contribution that the logistics channel makes to the overall channel process is the sorting function, this function involves rearranging the assortment of products as they flow through the channels through the customer, taking large blocks of single products and rearranging them into quantities, assortments, and varieties that consumer prefer.
现代物流与供应链管理课件
03.05.2020
6
现代物流管理
1985年美国物流管理协会（The Council of Logistics Management, CLM）：物流是对货物、服务及相关信息从供应地 到消费地的有效率、有效益的流动和储存进行计划、执行和控 制，以满足客户需求的过程。该过程包括进向、去向、内部和 外部的移动。
物流发展历史上曾经出现过的揭示物流内涵的词：
军事应用（Physical Distribution ,PD）、物资管理 （materials management）、配送工程（distribution engineering）、企业后勤（business logistics）、市场供应 （market supply）、物流管理（logistics management）。
储存保管是物流活动的一项重要业务，通过存储保 管货物解决生产与消费在时间、数量上的差异，以创造 物品的时间效用。
03.05.2020
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现代物流管理
我国在《中华人民共和国国家标准物流术语》 （GB）对物流定义：认为是物品从供应地向接受地 的实体流动中，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、 流通加工、配送、信息处理等功能有机结合，优化 管理来满足物主要求的过程。
我国台湾则认为物流是一种物的实体流通活动的 行为，在流通过程中，透过管理程序有效结合运输、 仓储、装卸、包装、流通加工、咨询等相关物流机 能性活动，以创造价值，满足顾客及社会性需求。
当代物流学习题2分析解析
PART IIIEXAMINATION QUESTIONSCHAPTER 1: LOGISTICS AND THE SUPPLY CHAINMultiple Choice Questions1.Logistics as a percentage of U.S. Gross Domestic Product is approximately (within2%):a.5%b.10%c.15%d.20%e.none of the above(b; p. 4)2.Logistics clearly contributes to ___________ and ___________ utility.a.time; placeb.form; timec.place; formd.possession; timee.none of the above(a; p. 4)3.___________ utility refers to the value or usefulness that comes from a customerbeing able to take possession of a product.a.timeb.placec.formd.possession(d; p. 4)4.___________ utility refers to having products available where they are needed bycustomers.a.possessionb.timec.placed.form(c; p. 5)5.All of the following terms have been used to refer to business logistics except:a.business logisticsb.industrial distributionc.logistics managementd.physical distributione.all of the above are correct(e; p. 5)6.“How well a company does what it says it’s going to do” represents ___________.a.efficiencyb.productivityc.leading edge logisticsd.effectiveness(d; p. 6)7.Every customer getting the same type and levels of logistics service refers to___________.a.tailored logisticsb.mass logisticsc.effectivenessd.efficiency(b; p. 7)8.Which of the following is not a reason for the increased importance of logistics?a.growing power of manufacturersb.reduction in economic regulationc.globalization of traded.technological advances(a; pp. 8–10)9.What logistics “outsider” developed the concept of the value chain?a.Donald Bowersoxb.Gus Pagonisc.Michael Porterd.Michael Hammer(c; p. 8)10.The ___________ approach indicates that a company’s objectives can be realized byrecognizing the mutual interdependence of major functional areas.a.supply chainb.systemsc.interfunctionalityd.total cost(b; p. 10)11.The movement and storage of materials into a firm refers to:a.physical distributionb.materials managementc.materials handlingd.inbound logistics(d; p. 10)12.The movement and storage of materials within a firm refers to:a.physical distributionb.inbound logisticsc.materials managementd.procurement(c; p. 10)13.Logistics managers use the ___________ approach to coordinate inbound logistics,materials management, and physical distribution in a cost efficient manner.a.total costb.supply chainc.mass logisticsd.interfunctional(a; p. 11)14.A cost trade-off is a situation where:a.all costs react according to their individual degrees of inflation in the economyb.all costs are reflected as a percentage variation from standard costsc.some costs increase, some decrease, and the net effect is that total costsdecreased.some costs are eliminated by efficient management controls(c; p. 13)15.The cash flow associated with holding inventory is known as inventory ___________.a.turnoverb.valuationc.stockd.float(d; p. 14)16.__________ refers to one location where customers can purchase products from twoor more brand-name retailers.a.intensive distributionb.co-brandingc.co-generationd.selective distribution(b; p. 14)17.Phantom freight refers to:a.paying more for transportation than the actual costte shipmentsc.shipments accepted by non-certified carriersd.freight that “disappears” in transit(a; pp. 15–16)18.Freight absorption refers to:a. a special rate to cover increasing fuel costsb.rates that are higher than other carriers chargec.the ability of cardboard to absorb moistured.transportation payments lower than the actual costs incurred to ship theproduct(d; p. 16)nded costs refer to:a. a product that is shipped via surface transportb. a product that is quoted cost on delivery (COD)c. a prepaid shipmentd. a price that includes both the cost of the product plus transportation to thebuyer(d; p. 15)20.___________ is the excess freight bill paid by customers who live near the shippingpoint.a.freight absorptionb.delivered pricec.phantom freightnded price(c; p. 15)21.In FOB origin pricing, all of the following are true except:a.prices quoted do not include transportation to the consigneeb.marketers can adopt uniform prices on a regional or national basisc.consignees must arrange for the transportation of the purchased productd.the seller always receives the same net from each sale(b; p. 15)22.___________ refers to a situation where the applicable charges are paid at the time ashipment is tendered to a carrier.a.freight prepaidb.freight absorptionc.phantom freightd.FOB origin(a; p. 16)23.___________ refers to charges being paid at the time of shipment delivery.a.freight absorptionb.freight yieldc.freight collectd.FOB destination(c; p. 16)24.The four basic components of the marketing mix include all of the following except:a.priceb.productionc.productd.place(b; p. 14)25.The most common interface between production and logistics generally involves:a.the use of plastic versus wood palletsb.the mode of transportationc.shipment pricingd.the length of production runs(d; p. 18)26.___________ refers to the delay of value-added activities such as assembly,production, and packaging to the latest possible time.a.building blocksb.deferralc.demurraged.postponement(d; p. 19)27.The ownership channel consists of all parties except:a.customersb.manufacturersc.wholesalersd.retailers(a; p. 19)28.The ____________ channel handles the physical flow of product.a.ownershipb.negotiationsc.logisticsd.promotions(c; p. 19)29.Which channel covers the movement of title to the goods?a.promotionsb.logisticsc.financed.ownership(d; p. 21)30.Which of the following is not part of the marketing channel?a.the logistics channelb.the negotiations channelc.the promotion channeld.the finance channele.all are part of the marketing channel(e; p. 19)31.Channel intermediaries:a.assume temporary ownership of the goodsb.fill nichesc.disappear as the market becomes organizedd.tend to lack focus(b; p. 24)32.Intermediaries in the marketing channel perform all of the following functions except:a.supply informationb.match buyers and sellersc.assume temporary ownership of the goodsd.develop and fill niches(c; pp. 23–24)33.The most costly logistics activity in many firms is ____________.a.industrial packagingb.warehousing managementc.order managementd.transportation management(d; p. 27)34.____________ is bringing together similar stocks from different sources.a.accumulatingb.assortingc.auditingd.allocating(a; p. 23)35.____________ refers to breaking a homogenous supply into smaller lots.a.sorting outb.allocatingc.accumulatingd.assorting(b; p. 23)True-False Questions1.Absolute and relative logistics costs in relation to Gross Domestic Product vary fromcountry to country. (True; p. 4)2.Logistics clearly contributes to time and form utility. (False; p. 4)3.The current definition of logistics, as promulgated by the Council of LogisticsManagement, suggests that logistics is part of the supply chain process. (True; p. 6)4.The purpose of logistics is to maximize customer service. (False; p. 7)5.Logistical principles apply only to for-profit organizations. (False; p. 7)6.Two of the five primary activities in the value chain are inbound logistics andoutbound logistics. (True; pp. 8–9)7.The key aspect of the total cost approach is to maximize customer satisfaction. (False;p. 13)8.The Internet has done little to improve logistical effectiveness and efficiency. (False;p. 9)9.Stock-keeping units (SKUs) are the same as line items of inventory. (True; p.10)10.Inbound logistics refers to the movement and storage of materials into a firm. (True; p.10)11.Inbound logistics is synonymous with materials management. (False; p. 10)12.Interfunctional logistics attempts to coordinate inbound logistics, materials manage-ment, and physical distribution in a cost efficient manner that supports anorganization’s customer service objectives. (False; p. 10)mon sense is one of the keys to being an effective logistics manager. (True; p.11)14.The key to the total cost approach is that all relevant cost items are consideredsimultaneously when making a decision. (True; p. 13)15.Logistics offers many companies an important route for creating marketingsuperiority. (True; p.14)16.Co-branding is a retailing strategy that is associated with place decisions. (True; p. 14)17.As a general rule, marketers prefer FOB origin pricing rather than FOB destinationpricing. (False; pp. 15–16)18.Phantom freight and freight absorption are associated with FOB origin pricing. (False;pp. 15–16)19.It is better for a logistics manager to be a generalist rather than a specialist. (False; p.27)20.Stockouts refer to a situation where a company is out of an item at the same time thatthere is demand for that item. (True; p. 18)21.Long production runs sometimes result in excessive inventory of products withlimited demand for them. (True; p. 18)22.Intermediaries assume ownership of goods while the y’re in the marketing channel.(False; p. 24)23.Channel members are usually more concerned about sellers’ needs than with buyers’needs. (False; p. 20)24.The negotiations channel is the one where buy and sell agreements are reached. (True;p. 21)25.There is no linkage between the promotions and logistics channel. (False; pp. 22–23)26.The most significant contribution that the logistics channel makes to the overallchannel process is the sorting function. (True; p. 23)27.The sorting function has four steps. (True; p. 23)28.The sorting function takes place between retailers and the consumer. (False; p. 23)29.A broker is a type of intermediary often associated with the negotiations channel.(True; p 24.)30.In channel negotiations, all parties are presumed to have equal bargaining strength.(False; pp. 20-21)31.Freight forwarders are the most common intermediary in the logistics channel. (True;p. 24)32.Returned products represent one type of activity in the logistical channel. (True; p. 27)33.The key to total cost analysis is to make sure that either transportation or inventorycosts are minimized. (False; p. 13)34.There are relatively few opportunities for employment in the logistics sector. (False; p.27)35.The logistics channel is the most important of the marketing channels. (False; p. 19)。
当代物流学
强势零售商往往掌握着比那些供应它们的公司更大的权力。
Many power retailers recognize superior logistics as an essential component of their corporate strategies.
Industrial distribution
Logistics
Logistics management
Materials management
Physical distribution
Supply chain management
Logistics: What It Is
(2) CSCMP definition:
职能内各物流活动相互依赖
Business logistics is made up of
Inbound logistics
内向物流
Materials management
物料管理
Physical distribution
实物配送
The Systems and Total Cost Approaches to Logistics
顾客行为的变化具有重要的物流意义。例如市场细分化、不断改变的家庭角色、不断增加的顾客期望等都具有其物流意义。
(3) Technological Advances
Technological Advances of Computer hardware, software and capacity facilitate logistical activities.
现代物流与供应链管理2
1.3 Supply chain management
1.3 Supply chain management
Procedure of SCM
Plan Demand forecasting and replenishment, aiming at making the right products delivered at the right time and place, and also making information flow along the whole supply chain.
within the enterprises.
1.3 Supply chain management
The change of SCM concept
• Vertical integration • Single function oriented management • Product management • Transaction management among enterprises • Simple diversification • Simple emphasis on material management
1.3 Supply chain management
Supply chain network model
Material flow
Information flow
Finance flow
当代物流学 (2)[16页]
© 2008 Prentice Hall
2-10
Globalization of Supply Chains
Increasing globalization
– Lower priced materials and labor – Global perspective of companies – Development of global competition
Source: Robert B. Handfield and Ernest L. Nichols, Jr., Introduction to Supply Chain Management
© 2008 Prentice Hall
2-5
Figure 2-1: Different Supply Chain Configurations
CHAPTER 2
The Supply Chain Management Concept
Learning Objectives
To learn about supply chains and their management To understand differences between transactional and relational exchanges To realize the importance of leveraging technology To appreciate barriers to supply chain management
© 2008 Prentice Hall
2-2
The Supply Chain Concept
物流学的名词解释是什么
物流学的名词解释是什么随着全球经济的快速发展和贸易的不断扩大，物流变得愈发重要。
物流学作为一门学科，致力于研究和解决产品从生产到消费的过程中所涉及的交付流程、仓储、配送以及相关信息流的问题。
在这篇文章中，我们将深入探讨物流学的关键名词并进行解释。
1. 供应链管理（Supply Chain Management）供应链管理是指通过规划、实施和控制信息流、物流和资金流，整合和协调供应商、制造商、配送商和最终用户，以实现产品和服务在全球范围内的有效流通和消费。
供应链管理强调的是不同环节之间的紧密联系和协同，以达到高效率、低成本和高顾客满意度的目标。
2. 仓储管理（Warehouse Management）仓储管理是指对仓库内物流活动进行规划和控制，以优化存货的储存、定位、搬运、分拣和交付等环节的流程。
仓储管理不仅关注物流设施的布局和设计，还要考虑如何合理利用仓库空间、提高仓库作业效率和精确管理库存。
3. 运输管理（Transportation Management）运输管理是指对货物在供应链中运输环节的规划、实施和控制。
它包括选择合适的运输方式、线路和运输商，并进行合理的运输路线规划、货物跟踪、运输成本控制以及运输安全等方面的管理。
运输管理的关键目标是提高运输效率、降低运输成本和减少货物损失。
4. 计划与预测（Planning and Forecasting）计划与预测是指根据市场需求和供应链的特点，进行销售计划、生产计划和库存计划等方面的规划和预测工作。
准确的计划和预测可以帮助企业优化生产和供应链的活动，并避免因需求波动而导致的库存积压或缺货问题。
5. 信息技术（Information Technology）信息技术在物流学中发挥了重要的作用。
它包括使用电子数据交换（EDI）系统、物联网技术、供应链管理软件和智能仓储设备等工具，以提高物流信息的处理和传递效率，加强跨部门和跨企业之间的协作和协调。
6. 反向物流（Reverse Logistics）反向物流是指在产品生命周期结束后，对各种退货、退款、返修以及回收再利用等与之相关的流程进行管理。