2023-2024学年暑假复习外研版英语八年级下册语法学案-宾语从句(含答案)

2023-2024学年暑假复习外研版英语八年级下册语法学案-宾语从句（含答案）课题八下提分专项练：宾语从句年级八年级下相关模块M8-M10姓名日期知识导航一、宾语从句的定义一个句子充当宾语，这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。

动宾结构主语谓语宾语从句回顾：什么是宾语。

宾语是跟在动作后面的东西或人。

（找宾语）I know you.I know that you are clever.说出下面三个句子的主句和从句:He said that he had a very good journey. （动宾结构）Can you tell me where you will go？I agree with what you said. （介宾结构）I am afraid that I will be late. （系表结构）（P.S.系表结构常用的形容词包括：happy, pleased, glad, satisfied, sure, certain, afraid, surprised）宾语从句的分类：动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。

如：He said that he had a very good journey.介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。

如：I agree with what you said.形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

如：I am afraid that I will be late.二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）从句是陈述句：that/不填。

无含义，可省略。

that引导动词或形容词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。

例如：Tom said that he felt a bit down. → He said he felt a bit down.I am sorry that you are not happy. → I am sorry you are not happy.注：陈述句包括肯定句、否定句。

注意：在以下情况下，that不能省略。

当出现两个或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。

She told me（that）the film was very good and that she wanted to see it again.当宾语从句的主语是this/that时，引导词that不能省略。

She said that that was a secret.当that引导的宾语从句中又有从句时，that不能省略。

Studies show that if you are interested in something.从句是一般疑问句：whether, if ，表“是否”。

常用在ask, wonder,can(could) you tell me 等后。

例如：一般疑问句是句首为助动词/be动词/情态动词的句子，需要用“Yes”或“No”来回答。

I doubt whether Loki died.（Did Loki died？是一般疑问句，能用yes/no来回答）【例题1】Do you have a pen friend？Mary asked me.（合并成一句）___________________________________________________________ ___________________注意：一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但在特殊情况下，只能用whether，例如：在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，例如：I can’t decide whether to stay. （我不能决定是否留下）在whether...or not的固定搭配中，只能用whether，例如：I want to know whether it’s good news or not. (我想知道是否是好消息)在介词后，只能用whether，例如：His father is worried about whether he will lose his work. （他的父亲担心是否会失去工作）宾语从句放句首表示强调时，只能用whether，例如：Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. (这是否真实，我不知道。

)3. 由（8个w，1个h）引导的宾语从句，引导词具有意义，不可省略。

即在特殊疑问句里会用到的疑问词。

包括：how，when，where，why，which，what，who，whom，whose。

如：I wonder when the seriesbased on Loki will come out.( When will the series based on Loki come out 是一般将来时的特殊疑问句，疑问词为when，需要具体回答“什么时候”。

）注：有时候某些引导词会以短语的形式出现，如how包括：how long, how far, how soon, how often, how high 等。

此外还有如what day，which class等等。

如：Can you tell me which class you are in？（注意因为主句是一般疑问句，所以答语会先用yes/no来回答，再具体回答从句的问题，所以不能因此而判断宾语从句的引导词是用whether/if）【例题2】Where does he live？I don’t know. （改为宾语从句）___________________________________________________________ ___________________总结：that 引导陈述句（可省略）whether/ if 引导一般疑问句，意为“是否”（一般情况下可互换）只用whether 不定式之前介词之后whether… or not 的固定搭配宾语从句放句首表强调避免歧义how, when, where, why, which, who, whom, whose 引导特殊疑问句，根据语境选择三、宾语从句的语序1.宾语从句的基本句式：① 连接词+主语+谓语+......② 连接词（充当主语）+谓语+......（特殊情况）(即陈述句语序)。

回顾一般现在时的句式基本结构：一般疑问句：---Do you often play basketball after school （疑问语序）特殊疑问句：What do you often do after school （疑问语序）陈述句（肯定句）：We often play basketball after school.（陈述语序）（因为特殊疑问句是疑问语序，是由：疑问词+is/are/am/can/could/do/did/does/has/have 等引导的一般疑问句构成的，所以宾语从句用陈述语序就要把is/are/am/can/could/do/did/does/has/have 还原到动词的位置上)，以上句子改为宾语从句即：I wonder what do you often do after school （what引导的宾语从句）They say (that) they often play basketball after school. （that引导的宾语从句）显然，紧随连接词后的，均是“主语+谓语” 结构。

找主语即找代词/人名/冠词句意是：Tom说他觉得有点丧。

我怀疑洛基是否真的死了。

我想知道《洛基》个人剧什么时候上映。

注意：以下为语序不变的情况当从句的原句为以下句子，语序不变。

What’s wrong？/ What’s the matter？/What’s your trouble？What happenedwhat引导的特殊疑问句且what作主语。

What is in their stockings？→The small children don't know what is in their stockings.who引导的特殊疑问句且who作主语。

Who is over there？→Can you tell me who is over therewhose引导的特殊疑问句且whose短语作主语。

Whose bag is red →Do you know whose bag is red小结：任何从句都使用陈述语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。

【练习1】I want to know __________ he can be here on time.A. whoB. whenC. whereD. whetherCould you tell me __________A. what your mother doB. what does your mother doC. your mother doesD. what your mother doesDid you know __________ a sports meeting next SaturdayA. there would have to beB. if there wereC. if there was going to beD. there was going to haveTell me __________, please.A. how old is heB. how old he isC. he is how oldD. how old does heI didn’t know __________.A. what wrong was with herB. what was wrong with herC. what wrong is with herD. what is wrong with her四、宾语从句的时态（重难点）当主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用任何时态（主现从不限），例如：He says she is right. 一般现在时He says she was right. 一般过去时He says he has been ill for three days. 现在完成时I don’t know if she will come tomorrow. 一般将来时当主句是一般过去时，从句选用相应的过去的某种时态，即一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等（主过从必过），例如：He said she is right.He said she was right.什么是相对应的过去时？He is sick. he was sick. 一般过去时He is reading a book . He said he was reading a book . 过去进行时He has finished his work. he had finished his work.He will go to Hong Kong . he would go to Hong Kong.当主句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，从句都用一般现在时（从真理用动原/三单形式），例如：The teacher said light travels faster than sound.Could you tell me...委婉的语气，常按照一般现在时处理，例如：Could you tell me where the nearest park is？总结：主现从任意，主过从过去，从真理用现在【练习2】The radio says it ____________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)The headmaster hopes everything ____________ well. (go)Tom says that they ____________ basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening. (play)I hear they ____________ it already. (return)He said that they ____________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) He asked what they ____________ at eight last night. (do)The teacher told his class that light ____________ faster than sound. (travel)I think you ____________ about the murder now. (talk)I didn’t know whom the letters ____________ from. (be)I didn’t know what time he ____________ the letter. (write)【拓展】宾语从句简化：疑问词+to do当主句和宾语从句的主语都是同一个人，且宾语从句由疑问词等引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+to do”结构。