华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题2
华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题2
Reading Comprehension
Passage One
The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?
There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaning to their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topic as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.
How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific enquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its
space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a world full of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions which have no counterpart in daily experience.
To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpse the universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific enquiry. The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards and understanding in which matter, force, order and creation are unified into a single descriptive theme.
Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and order which pervades the physical world. To me the laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetail together so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming. The laws of physics are so remarkably clever that they can surely only be a manifestation of genius.1. The
author says people nowadays find that traditional religion is ______.
A.a form of reassurance
B.inadequate to their needs
C.responding to scientific progress
D.developing in strange ways
答案：B
第一句话表明，传统信仰的衰落并没有消除人们追寻生存的意义的需要。
说明传统信仰无法满足人们的这种需求。
故选B。
2. Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they are ______.
A.too reactionary
B.based on false evidence
C.derived from inappropriate sources
D.too subjective
答案：C
因为它们是围绕unlikely topic建立起来的。
故选C。
3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?
A.cold precision and objective materialism
B.the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms
C.slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway
D.shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions
答案：C
4. The new physics is exciting because it ______.
A.offers a comprehensive explanation of the universe
B.proves the existence of ruling intelligence
C.incorporates the work of men of genius
D.makes scientific theorizing easier to understand
答案：A
答案体现在第四段。
5. The author of this passage is most likely ______.
A.a minister of religion
B.a research scientist。
华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题7
华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题7Writing1. "Parents Are Not Really the Best Teachers in One's Life."答案：Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives; yet, they may not serve as the best teachers.Firstly, parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children through the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a child's activity for the purpose of safety. A teacher might think that a trip to a big city is a valuable experience for the young while in the parents' eyes it may mean danger.Another problem is that parents want their children to develop according to what they have arranged for them. They may force their children to learn what they are interested. If they love science, they will ask their child to love science too. But what if their child's true love is art, or writing, or car repair?Parents are usually eager to pass on their value to their children. But should children always believe what their parents believe in? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always right. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, can't keep up with rapid social and technological changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that her parents don't really understand or value the digital revolution.The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our teachers teach us, and our classmates can teach us as well. Books and newspapers and television also teach us.2. "Is Self-Confidence the Most Important Factor for Success?"答案：Self-confidence is one very important factor for success, but there are two other equally important factors: knowledge and sensitivity. All three are basic elements which contribute to asuccessful career and a happy lifetime as well.One needs to feel one can accomplish a task. If one thinks he is incapable of doing something, he or she will not succeed. For example, if you think you are going to do poorly in an important test, you will probably do poorly. It is important to tell yourself that you can do it well. If you have confidence in yourself, you will probably do well.Even if you have a great deal of self-confidence, you won't be able to do well without sufficient knowledge. You have to understand your subject very well. You have to work hard on the subjects or on preparation for a certain issue. With knowledge and self-confidence you have a better chance of success.In areas other than exams, you will need to be sensitive to your surroundings, to your co-workers, and even to such minor things as a smile to a cleaner. You will need to know whether you should talk or keep silent; you will need to know whether you should take the lead or let others. This is a difficult skill to learn, but an important one for success.These three qualities, self-confidence, knowledge, and sensitivity will help us to accomplish our life goal and as well as help to create a harmonious society. Alone, none of these factors will help you succeed. But together, they ensure success.3. "The Effects of Television and Movies"答案：There is no doubt that watching television and movies can affect the way that people think and behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more their spare time watching some sort of visual entertainment, such as television programs, videotape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be neglected.One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters present advertisements. Another way that TV and the movies have influence on people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they watch. By watching news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people in the world possess great wealth and good looks. In this way it may make people become dissatisfied with their own lives.Another important effect of those visual media is that perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or。
华中科技大学考博英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
华中科技大学考博英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingClozeAfter yuppies and dinkies.a new creature from adland stalks the block. The NYLON, an acronym linking New York and London, is a refinement of those more familiar categories such as jet-setters and cosmo-crats(cosmopolitan aristocrats…do keep up). Marketing professionals have noted that【C1】______the demise of Concorde, a new class of high-earner increasingly【C2】______his or her time shuttling【C3】______the twin capitals of globalization. And NYLONS prefer their home comforts【C4】______tap in both cities. Despite the impressive【C5】______of air miles, they are not adventurous people. As【C6】______from Tom Wolfe’s Masters of the Universe of the 1980s .NYLONS have done more than well【C7】______the long boom and new economy of the last ten years. They are DJs, chefs, games designers, Internet entrepreneurs, fashionistas, publishers and even a(n)【C8】______band of journalists and writers. They are self-consciously trendy and some are even able to 【C9】______houses in both cities. Others will put up【C10】______a house in one, and a view【C11】______a room in the【C12】______. Of course, their horizons do【C13】______beyond just New York and London. For many, Los Angeles is an important shopping mall. More significantly for adland, NYLONS provide some useful marketing savings. Campaigns no longer have to differ very much in the two cities,【C14】______NYLONS bring them ever closer together. The restaurants are the same, with Nobu now in London and Conran in New York. Many plays【C15】______in both cities at the same time, and DJs shuttle between the two, 【C16】______the same garage to the same people in【C17】______clubs. Time Out and Wallpaper are the magazines of【C18】______All this is fine for NYLONS. But not so much【C19】______for everybody else watching Notting Hill turn【C20】______a pale imitation of Greenwich Village.1．【C1】A．regardless ofB．even thoughC．althoughD．despite正确答案：D解析：本题考核的知识点是逻辑+语法。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷2
2022年考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Many instructors believe that an informal, relaxed classroom environment is （1） to learning and innovation. It is not uncommon for students to have（2）and friendly relationships with their professors. The（3 ）professor is not necessarily a poor one and is still（4 ） by students. Although students may be in a(n)（5 ）position, some professors treat them as （6 ）. However, no matter how （7 ）professors would like to be, they still are in a position of（8 ） .Professors may （9 ）social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they （10 ）the instructor’s role. A professor may have coffee with students （11） the next day expect them to （12 ）a deadline for the（13 ）of a paper or to be prepared （14 ） a discussion or an exam. The professor may give（15 ）attention outside of class to a student in （16 ） of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it （17 ） evaluating school work. Professors have several roles （18 ） students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must （19 ）that when a teacher’s role changes, they must appropriately（20）their behavior and attitudes.问题1选项A.instructiveC.conduciveD.healthy问题2选项A.easygoingfortingC.carefreeD.relaxing问题3选项A.consultativermalC.easyD.casual问题4选项A.despisedB.respectedC.neglectedD.overlooked 问题5选项B.minorC.lowD.subordinate问题6选项A.peersB.colleaguesC.relativesD.equals问题7选项A.democraticB.formalC.relaxedD.strict问题8选项A.expertB.authorityC.supervisorD.superiorA.reproduceB.setC.getD.establish问题10选项A.sustainB.supportC.maintainD.retain问题11选项A.butB.henceC.neverthelessD.then问题12选项A.matchB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy问题13选项A.submissionB.presentationC.deliveryD.handing问题14选项A.withB.forC.againstD.of问题15选项A.extraB.dueC.sufficientD.supplementary问题16选项A.questB.viewC.search问题17选项A.gets toes toC.reachesD.touches问题18选项A.with regard toB.in view toC.in relation toD.with reference to问题19选项A.supposeB.suggestC.realizeD.assume问题20选项A.adoptB.adaptD.conform【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:B第15题:A第16题:D第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的;conducive有益的;constructive有建设性的;healthy健康的。
湖北省考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
湖北省考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionOf all the recommendations made by Tom Winsor in his review of police pay and recruitment this week, it was not the introduction of an academic qualification, nor the direct entry of senior officers, nor even a pay cut for new recruits that drew most violent anger. No, it was the proposal that all officers should have to take an annual fitness test, with the threat of three failures and you’re out. Anyone fortunate enough to encounter a police officer, or two, actually on the beat will be aware that some of them look more like a “before” advertisement for Weight Watchers than an “after” one—to the point where you wonder they could even think of giving chase, should the need arise. Bear in mind, too, that those in patrol cars or behind desks are unlikely to be much healthier. Indeed, the Winsor review found that more than half of male officers were overweight. So an annual fitness test seems reasonable enough. Not, however, to the Police Federation, which identified any number of reasons why such checks would be impracticable, unfair and generally undesirable. But no one is proposing that police be required to train to Olympic standards, just that they should be physically up to the job. It’s not the proposed checks that are worrying, but the fact that many officers need them.1．Which of the following is NOT included in Tom Winsor’s recommendations in his review of police pay and recruitment?A．Fitness requirements by Olympic standards.B．Introduction of an academic qualification.C．Direct entry of senior officers.D．A pay cut for new recruits.正确答案：A解析：在评论警察薪水和警察同盟招聘时，以下哪一条不包括在汤姆·温莎的建议之中?按奥林匹克运动标准的健康要求。
华中科技大学考博英语模拟2
[模拟] 华中科技大学考博英语模拟2Part Ⅰ Cloze In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage.The most famous painter in Victoria's history is Emily Carr. When she was a child, she discovered that walking in the woods __1__ more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in__2__ the streets of old Victoria than playing at home with __3__ and spending her time making up.Emily was a cute little girl who spent __4__ of her childhood in Beacon Hill Park, __5__ was very close to her home. Drawing __6__ her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even __7__ a monkey. She was __8__ interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victoria's Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so __9__ from her own.As she became a young, strong and __10__ woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to__11__ and draw what she saw. She loved the free and simple __12__ of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on __13__ with two other women to __14__ the wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan, __15__ north of VictoriA.She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than __16__ other European woman. When you look at her paintings, you can sense the __17__ of these dark, mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and, __18__ the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they __19__ the beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only __20__ .第1题：A.attractedB.appealedC.alluredD.induced参考答案：B答案解析：本题考核的知识点是：动词搭配和辨析。
华中科技大学2006春季博士研究生英语入学考试试题二
2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(2)I. Cloze (0.5x20=10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Some things belong to the unexplained mysteries of life. They are often inconvenient, frequently useless, (1) ___ boring, yet we are called (2) ___ to admire them just because they are there. Among these mysteries I have always (3) ___ Grand Opera. On the rare occasions (4) ___ I have been obliged to attend such performances, (5) ___ has always seemed strange to me that an otherwise (6)___ person who, for example, wants an urgent message (7) ___, should find it necessary to make his (8) ___ in song at the top of his (9) ___. In fact it often takes five minutes or so (10) ___ a message of this sort is properly understood by the person who is to (11) ___ it.A simple statement such as, "Please tell the Countless I (12) ___ for her by the fountain at midnight," would not take five seconds to say.Even more strange is the behaviour of persons taken prisoner in Grand Opera. A supposedly dangerous spy, or (13) ___ like, will keep his guards calmly waiting, even joining in (14) ___ chorus, while he indulges in an aria which (15) ___ has little or nothing to do with the plot. It doesn't stop there. (16) ___ in Gail, prisoners, particularly those who have been wrongly imprisoned, are given to singing arias in voices of (17) ___ power that it is a wonder the other prisoners do not complain, and even more surprising that the guards do not arrive to see what all the noise about.Most peculiar of all, however, is the conduct of heroines, (18) ___ dying or about to commit suicide. Stabbed through the heart, preparing to drink poison or leap from castle walls, these ladies can still announce in song their departure from this world (19) ___ effortlessly to top notes, even on occasion providing an encore for (20) ___ audiences.1. A. even B. still C. much D. nevertheless2. A. up B. over C. upon D. for3. A. seen B. classed C. visited D. waited4. A. that B. which C. before D. when5. A. this B. these C. it D. that6. A. sensible B. sensational C. senseless D. sensual7. A. delivering B. to deliver C. be delivered D. delivered8. A. demand B. requisite C. request D. requirement9. A. notes B. tone C. pitch D. voice10. A. after B. before C. until D. because11. A. deliver B. read C. write D. hear12. A. will be waiting B. wait C. am waiting D. an to wait13. A. a B. the C. some D. any14. A. at B. with C. for D. as15. A. regularly B. seldom C. frequently D. infrequently16. A. Because B. Once C. Though D. Before17. A. great B. much C. mighty D. such18. A. whether B. either C. both D. neither19. A. raising B. arising C. rising D. increasing20. A. appreciative B. appreciated C. appreciable D. appreciatingII. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage oneMigration is the movement of groups of animals or people from one region to another. Among animals this movement usually occurs once a year. The creatures spend summer in one region but travel to another region for winter. No one really understands what gives animals the urge to migrate. Most scientists believe it is an instinct, inborn in them; others think a lack of food or the length of daylight triggers migration.Every spring and fall, billions of birds perform one of nature's most marvelous feats. They often migrate thousands of miles, returning to the same nest they inhabited in the previous year's migration. Scientists do not know how they find their way. The Arctic tern holds the long-distance record, flying 25000 miles yearly from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back again.Why do some fish migrate They do this to breed. The most famous example is the salmon, which is born in freshwater streams, migrates to the ocean until it matures, then returns to fresh water, where it dies after laying eggs. Experiments have shown that these fish struggle upstream through strong currents to lay their eggs at their own place of birth.Like birds and fish, many mammals migrate to find a place where climate and feeding conditions are better. Seals and whales migrate thousands of miles in the seas along our West Coast. In winter, deer, elk, and bighorn sheep descend from the mountains to find protection and something to eat. They find food in snow-free valleys. The American bison once traveled from 200 to 400 miles south and back again in a yearly cycle.Migration can mean the movement of people as well as animals. When moving by choice, people normally have the goal of seeking a better life elsewhere. But history tells us that some people have been forced to retreat. This has been caused by floods, droughts, earthquakes, epidemics, famines, wars, oppression, or economic disasters. Often people, like animal, must migrate to survive.21. Which of the following statements is trueA. Migration is urged by an instinct.B. Migration is caused by lack of food.C. The reason that causes migration remains an issue.D. It is the human activities that trigger a migration.22. The word "feats" (par.2) is closest in meaning to ____.A. tasksB. impressive and difficult achievementC. actsD. marvelous and frightening achievement23. Some fish migrate in order to ____.A. find their own place of birthB. struggle upstream through strong currentsC. mateD. lay eggs at their own place of birth24. In winter, deer, elk and bighorn sheep will ____.A. migrate to the valleysB. climb to the mountain topsC. travel along the West CoastD. travel from 200 to 400 miles south25. People are forced to leave because of ____.A. disastersB. economic depressionC. warsD. animalsPassage twoWriting articles about films for The Front Page was my first proper job. Before then I had done bits of reviewing --- novels for other newspapers, films for a magazine and anything I was asked to do for the radio. Thatwas how I met Tom Seaton, the first arts editor of The Front Page, who had also written for television. He hired me, but Tom was not primarily a journalist, or he would certainly have been more careful in choosing his staff.At first, his idea was that a team of critics should take care of the art forms that didn't require specialized knowledge: books, TV, theatre, film and radio. There would be a weekly lunch at which we would make our choices from the artistic material that Tom had decided we should cover, though there would also be guests to make the atmosphere sociable.It all felt like a bit of dream at that time: a new newspaper and I was one of the team. It seemed so unlikely that a paper could be introduced into a crowded market. It seemed just as likely that a millionaire wanted to help me personally, and was pretending to employ me. Such was my lack of self-confidence. In fact, the first time I saw someone reading the newspaper on the London underground, then turning to a page on which one of my reviews appeared, I didn't know where to look.Tom's original scheme for a team of critics for the arts never took off. It was a good idea, but we didn't get together as planned and so everything was done by phone. It turned out, too, that the general public out there preferred to associate a reviewer with a single subject area, and so I chose film. Without Tom's initial push, though, we would hardly have come up with the present arrangement, by which I write an extended weekly piece, usually on one film.The luxury of this way of working suits me well. I wouldn't have been interested in the more standard film critic's role, which involves considering every film that comes out. That's a routine that would make me stale in no time at all. I would soon be sinking into my seat on a Monday morning with the sigh, 'What insulting rubbish must I sit through now ' --- a style of sigh that can often be heard in screening rooms around the world.The space I am given allows me to broaden my argument --- or forces me, in an uninteresting week, to make something out of nothing. But what is my role in the public arena I assume that people choose what films to go to on the basis of the stars, the publicity or the director. There is also such a thing as loyalty to 'type' or its opposite. It can only rarely happen that someone who hates westerns buys a ticket for one after reading a review, or a love story addict avoids a romantic film because of what the papers say.So if a film review isn't really a consumer guide, what is it I certainly don't feel I have a responsibility to be 'right' about a movie. Nor do I think there should be a certain number of 'great' and 'bad' films each year. All I have to do is put forward an argument. I'm not a judge, and nor would I want to be.26. What do we learn about Tom Seaton from the first paragraphA. He encouraged Mark to become a writer.B. He had worked in various areas of the media.C. He met Mark when working for television.D. He prefers to employ people that he knows.27. In the end, the organization of the team was influenced by ____.A. the readers' preferenceB. the availability of writersC. the pressure of timeD. the popularity of subjects28. Mark takes the new way of working as a 'luxury' (par. 5) because ___.A. it pleases more readersB. it enables him to make a choiceC. it enables him to travel around the worldD. it enables him to see a lot of films29. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that Mark's articles ___.A. are seldom read by filmgoersB. are more persuasive than expectedC. are ignored by stars and film directorsD. have little effect on public viewing habits30. Which of the following best describes what Mark says about his workA. His success varies from year to year.B. He prefers to write about films he likes.C. He can freely express his opinion.D. He writes according to accepted rules.Passage threeInterest is steadily spreading from a minority of enthusiasts in developing renewable sources of energy ---- wind, wave and solar power, tidal and geothermal energy. Additional support for them has come with a proposal to explore the untapped sources of hydro-electric power in Scotland.The details are presented by Mr William Manser in a study called 'The Case for an Inquiry into Hydro-electric Generation in the North of Scotland'. He calls for an expert committee to look at the developments possible for hydro-electric sites and, more important, for means of financing them.There is a clear industrial connection in Mr Manser's study because it was done for the Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors; hydro-electric schemes, by definition, have a large civil engineering component in them. Mr Manser estimates that wind power could theoretically provide more than 7 per cent of electricity supply in the United Kingdom, provided suitable sites for generators could be found. However, the practical viability of wind power generation is not likely to be understood until 1990.Other developments using renewable energy sources are also at an early stage as far as their commercial possibilities are concerned, he believes.The best developed and most suitable form of renewable energy is in his view, hydro-power. The technology has been developed over centuries and is still progressing. At present it is the cheapest form of electricity generation.Mr Manser examined past surveys of the north of Scotland and identified several as suitable for hydro-electric generation. Those are in the remote areas, usually of great natural beauty.But Mr Manser says a well designed dam can be impressive in itself. It is also possible to make installations as unobtrusive as possible, to the point of burying parts of them. Hydro-generation involves no water pollution, smoke creation or unsightly stocking-out yards.The main trouble, as appears from his report, is financing an undertaking which has a heavy initial capital cost, and very low running costs.However, Mr Manser does not see that as an unfamiliar position for the electricity industry. He cites the proposed construction of the new nuclear power station at Sizewell in Suffolk, which will have a high initial capital cost.The argument as Sizewell that the reason for the expenditure is that the capital will provide a benefit in lower costs and higher returns in the long-term, applies equally to hydro-electric generation.From the passage we understand that Mr Manser's study was ____.A. presented by a financial committeeB. sponsored by a professional organizationC. part of a civil engineering contractD. written in conjunction with an expert committeeWhat drawback is there to the provision of wind power generationA. There is a lack of suitable sites.B. It's non-viable proposition.C. The supply method is not yet understood.D. Theoretical application is still needed.The advantage of hydro-electric power is that it ____.A. does not damage the environmentB. is relatively easy to installC. requires little or no maintenanceD. is more suitable for remote areasIn Mr Manser's opinion, the main stumbling block to the development of hydro-electric power is the ____.A. running costsB. capital outlayC. public expenditureD. financial riskThe main subject of this passage is the ____.A. conservation of energyB. great investment of energy sourcesC. water-power-generated energyD. recycling of resourcesPassage fourPterosaurs are the most famous flying reptiles. They belong among archosaurs, a group unrelated to lizards, but most likely close relatives of the dinosaurs. They evolved during the Triassic period, but the earliest pterosaur so far discovered is already fully adapted for flight. Its ancestry is not yet known, but the most likely candidate is a small, Late Triassic archosaur called scleromochlus, a lightly built, long-legged terrestrial runner that shares many characteristics with early pterosaurs.Pterosaurs have very lightly built skeletons, with air spaces in many of the bones. Their forelimbs were extended into long braces that supported a wing membrane, as in birds and bats. Pterosaurs were unique, however, in that most of the wing membrane was supported on one extraordinarily long finger, while the three other fingers were of normal length and bore claws. The fourth finger was about 3 meters (10 feet) long in the largest pterosaurs. In contrast, birds support the wing with the whole arm, and bats use all their fingers as supports for their wing membranes. Pterosaurs thus have a unique wing anatomy, but as the largest flying creatures ever to evolve and as a group that flourished for more than 140 million years, they cannot be dismissed as primitive or poorly adapted.Most pterosaurs had large eyes that sighted right along the length of long, narrow jaws. The teeth were usually long, thin, and pointed, often projecting slightly outward and forward. Where stomach contents have been preserved with pterosaur skeletons, they always include fish remains such as spines and scales. Almost all pterosaur fossils are preserved in sediments laid down on shallow seafloors. Some pterosaurs may have fished, surface and dip in their beaks to scoop up fish or crustaceans. Other pterosaurs may have fed like terns, which dive slowly so that only the head, neck, and front of the thorax reach under the water, while the wings remain above the surface. It seems unlikely that they crash-dived into water like pelicans or gannets, or swam underwater like penguins: pterosaur wings were too long and too fragile.36. What is the passage mainly aboutEfforts to find pterosaur bones.The evolution of modern birds from pterosaurs.The physical characteristics of pterosaurs.The competition between pterosaurs and dinosaurs.37. What can be inferred from the passage about the ancestors of pterosaursThey were related to lizards.They lived after the Triassic period.They were not lightly built reptiles.They were not adapted for flight.38. All the following are mentioned in the passage as unique features of pterosaurs except ___.their wing structuretheir size in comparisonthe weight of their skeletonthe length of one of their fingers39. Which of the following does the author mention as typical of pterosaur fossilsThey are poorly preserved.They are found in sediments.They are difficult to distinguish from other fossils.They are scattered over large areas on the seafloor.40. Why does the author mention the behaviour of certain modern birdsTo consider possible explanations of how pterosaurs caught fish.To determine which modern girds are most like pterosaurs.To formulate a hypothesis about how pterosaurs were able to fly, dive and swim.To explain how pterosaurs probably used their long, thin teeth.III. Translation (30%)Section A From Chinese into English (15%)Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from Chinese into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.1研究表明,玩暴力电脑游戏会让人变的更具侵略性.此前的调查发现爱玩暴力游戏的人侵略性较强,但是有人说这只能说明具有暴力倾向的人喜欢玩暴力游戏.密苏里哥伦比亚大学的一个研究小组说,他们对39个游戏"玩家"的脑部运动进行了监控,结果发现玩暴力游戏确实会导致暴力倾向.这个研究结果公布在《新科学家》杂志的网页上.2研究人员对一种名为"P300反应"的脑部活动进行了测量,"P300反应"体现了图像对人情绪的影响.当把现实中的暴力画面放在暴力游戏玩家面前时,他们的反应不是很强烈. 然而,当看到其它的消极画面时,比如,死去的动物或生病的孩子,他们的反应则比较正常. 但是,当一个虚拟对手出现,游戏玩家得到惩罚对手的机会时,P300反应最弱的玩家给予了对手最严厉的惩罚.这项研究的领头人心理学家布鲁斯•巴索洛说:"据我了解,这项研究首次揭示玩暴力游戏会对预知进攻行为的脑部组织产生影响."研究报告全文将于今年晚些时候在《实验社会心理学》杂志上发表. "爱玩视频暴力游戏的人并不觉得自己跟其他人有什么不一样.他们的感觉变得迟钝.但是在看到非暴力的消极场景时,他们的反映还是正常的."3 近年来,带有暴力场景的电脑游戏不断增多,很多人对此提出异议,而此项研究结果则将成为这些人的有力支持.Section B From English into Chinese (15%)Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from English into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.What do you do if your village is nestled in a valley so steep it hardly gets any sunshine in the winter1.You put a mirror on the mountain to reflect the sun's rays into your main square, says the mayor of Viganella(维格尼拉), who has just presented the project to Italy's Piedmont region for approval."We are very hopeful that we'll get the go-ahead. The next problem will be to find the money," said the mayor Pierfranco Midali, a 46-year-old train driver.The village of Viganella, with population of only 70, lies in the belly of a valley so sheer that each year, from November 11 to February 2, its inhabitants are deprived of the sunlight that normally drenches much of Italy.2 Helped by an architect friend, Midali has drawn up a plan to install a 5-metre (16-foot) high, 8-metre (26-foot) wide mirror on the mountainside that would track the sun's movement and reflect its rays into thevillage.The mirror, he says, would guarantee at least six hours of sunlight per day during the "dark" months. The estimated cost of the project is around 100,000 euros ($123,000).3 "Right now the square is deserted. We want to create an oasis of sunshine in the darkness of winter. It would help stimulate tourism in our valley, which is poor," he said."It would also be therapeutic -- there are several studies showing that the lack of sunlight leads to depression," he said.Part IV Essay Writing (20%)Directions: You are required to write about 200 words on the following topic"My Ideas of Parenting".2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案(2)I. Cloze (0.5x20=10%)1-5 ACBDC 6-10 ADCDB11-15 AABDC 16-20 BDBCAII. Reading (2x20=40%)21-25 CBDAA 26-30 BABDC31-35 BCABC 36-40 CDCBCPart III Translation (30%)Section A From Chinese into English(15%)1. Violent computer games may make people more likely to act aggressively, a study says. Previous research has found people who play such games are more likely to be aggressive but some say this just shows violent people gravitate towards them.2. The researchers measured a type of brain activity called the P300 response which reflects the emotional impact of an image.3. The findings will back up what many have argued over recent years with the growth in games with scenes of graphic violence.Section B From English into Chinese(15%)1. 意大利维格尼拉镇镇长说:"你可以在山上安一面镜子,将阳光线反射到大广场上".该镇长已把这个方案呈报给意大利皮埃蒙特地区,等待批准.2.在一位建筑师朋友的帮助下,米达利开始筹备在山腰安装一块高5米宽8米的镜子,随着太阳移动,镜子将其光线反射到村子里那个古老的广场上.3. "目前,村子里一片荒凉.我们想在'黑暗'的冬季里制造一块阳光'绿洲',它将有助于刺激这个贫困山村的旅游业."米达利说.Part IV Essay Writing (20%)Directions: You are required to write 200 words on the following topic:" My Ideas of Parenting"No sample answer.。
华中科技大学同济医学院博士英语样题
Model TestName St. No. ScoreI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)2007 JCR Science Edition Journals from: subject categories MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNALSorted by:I m pact Fact orJournals 1 - 20 (of 100)[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 ] Page 1 of 5Ranking is based on your journal and sortselections.Rank Abbreviated JournalTitle(linked to journalinformation)ISSNTotalCitesImpactFactorImmediacyIndexArticlesCitedHalf-life1 NEW ENGL J MED0028-4793 186402 52.589 11.962 343 7.02 LANCET0140-6736 135949 28.638 8.636 305 7.73 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC0098-7484 103620 25.547 7.965 229 6.84 ANN INTERN MED0003-4819 40783 15.516 4.056 162 8.65 ANNU REV MED0066-4219 3829 13.415 2.879 33 6.16 PLOS MED1549-1277 3725 12.601 2.705 166 1.97 BRIT MED J0959-8146 62151 9.723 6.210 210 8.28 ARCH INTERN MED0003-9926 30282 8.391 1.734 278 7.29 CAN MED ASSOC J0820-3946 8324 7.067 3.053 94 6.410 ANN MED0785-3890 3143 5.779 0.593 54 6.11.What is the option of this journal citation report?2.What is the subject category?3.How is the list sorted?4.What is the Impact Factor of New England Journal of Medicine?5.What is the full title of BRIT MED J?II. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)Web of Science®ResultsSubject Heading=(LIFE SCIENCES BIOMEDICINE) AND Author=(WANG SY) AND Institution=(HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL)Timespan=All Years. Databases=IC, SCI-EXPANDED, CCR-EXPANDED [back to 1840], SSCI.1. Zhang ZH, Wang SY, Li Q, et al.Capillary leak syndrome in children with C4A-deficiency undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a double-blind, randomised controlled studyLANCET 366 (9485): 556-562 AUG 13 2005Times Cited:02. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLEvidence for development of capillary leak syndrome associated withcardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients with the homozygous C4A nullphenotypeANESTHESIOLOGY 100 (6): 1387-1393 JUN 2004Times Cited:43. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLAntioxidative effect of propofol during cardiopulmonary bypass in adultsACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 25 (3): 334-340 MAR 2004Times Cited:46.What is the website you can use to find the SCI collection?7.What is the subject heading?8.Where is Wang SY from?9.How many articles of Wang SY are collected by SCI?10.How many times are his articles cited?III. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 18, 15541-15549, May 2, 2003Induction of Prothrombinase fgl2 by the Nucleocapsid Protein of Virulent Mouse Hepatitis Virus Is Dependent on Host Hepatic Nuclear Factor-4Qin Ning, Sophia Lakatoo, Mingfeng Liu, Weiming Y ang, Zhimo Wang, M. James Phillips, and Gary A. LevyFibrinogen-like protein 2/fibroleukin (Fgl2) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both experimental and human fulminant hepatic failure. We have reported recently that the nucleocapsid(N) protein from strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3, MHV-A59),which cause massive hepatocellular necrosis but not from strains(MHV-JHM, MHV-2) which do not produce serious liver disease, induces transcription of fgl2. The purpose of the present study was to characterize both viral and host factor(s) necessary for viral induced transcription of fgl2. Mutation of residues Gly-12, Pro-38,Asn-40, Gln-41, and Asn-42 within domain 1 of the N protein of MHV-A59 to their corresponding residues found in MHV-2 abrogated fgl2 transcription, whereas mutation of other N protein domains,including a protein expressed from an internal reading frame (I protein), did not affect fgl2 gene transcription. We then examined the 372 to 306 sequence within the 1.3-kb fgl2promoter region upstream from the transcription start site that was previously identified as necessary for N protein-induced gene transcription.We demonstrated that the 331/325 HNF4 cis-element and its cognate transcription factor, HNF4, are necessary for virus-induced fgl2gene transcription. In uninfected macrophages and macrophages infected with MHV-2, an unidentified protein occupies the HNF4cis-element. Following stimulation with MHV-A59, it was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that HNF4binds the HNF4 cis-element in the fgl2promoter. We further report the unprecedented presence of HNF4in peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, the results of this study define both viral and host factors necessary for induction of fgl2prothrombinase gene transcription in MHV infection and may provide an explanation for the hepatotrophic nature of MHV-induced fulminant hepatic failure.11.How many parts can you divide the abstract into? each part?13.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?14.Which sentence is the conclusion?IV. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)15.How many parts can you divide the introduction into? each part?17.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?18.Which sentence is the conclusion?V. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)References and Notes1. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China (Beijing, 2004).2. J. Watts, Lancet362, 1983 (2003).3. Ministry of Health of China, UNAIDS, and WHO, 2005 Update on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Response in China[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 2006].4. M. J. Rotheram-Borus, P. A. Newman, M. A. Etzel, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.25 (suppl.2), S105 (2000).5. The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group, Lancet356, 103 (2000).6. S. Allen et al., AIDS17, 733 (2003).7. H. Amaro, A. C. Morrill, J. Dai, J. Health Psychol.10, 287(2005).8. M. E. Bentley et al., AIDS12, 1869 (1998).9. R. Fox, N. J. Odaka, R. Brookmeyer, B. R. Polk, AIDS1, 241 (1987).10. J. A. Inciardi, H. L. Surratt, S. P. Kurtz, J. C. Weaver, AIDS Care17 (suppl. 1), S88 (2005).11. R. R. Robles, T. D. Matos, H. M. Colon, C. A. Marrero, J. C. Reyes, Drugs Soc. (New York) 9,173 (1996).12. A. Erikson et al., Correspondent15, 24 (2006).13.T. Frieden et al., N. Engl. J. Med.353, 2397-2402 (2005).14. R. Bayer, N. Engl. J. Med.334, 1540 (1996).15. L. B. Leveton, H. C. Sox, M. A. Stoto, Eds. HIV and the Blood Supply: An Analysis of CrisisDecision-Making (Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1995).16. Chinese Ministry of Health, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, The ThirdConference on HIV/AIDS International Cooperation Projects in China, Kunming, 3 to 4 September 2005.17. UNAIDS-WHO, "Policy statement on HIV testing"(www.who.int/entity/rpc/research_ethics/hivtestingpolicy_en_pdf.pdf).18. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Henan province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).19. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Yunnan Province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).20. HIV-positive mothers are given the options of abortion or ART perinatally, cesarean delivery(where available), and free formula milk for 12 months.21. State Council Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Articles 3, 10, 39, 41, 55, 56.22. The Infectious Diseases Control Act of the People's Republic of China, Articles 12, 16, 68, 69.We thank S. Korenman, Associate Dean for Ethics at the UCLA School of Medicine, for reviewing this manuscript, W. W. Cao for review of relevant publications, and W. Aft for editorial assistance.19.What kind of the reference source does the first reference belong to?20.What kind of the reference source does the second reference belong to?21.What kind of the reference source does Reference 15 belong to?22.What kind of the reference source does Item 20 belong to?VI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)SCI Impact Factor 1.677Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Information For Authors GENERAL1 Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, published monthly in English, is the official journal of the Chinese Pharmacological Society and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica is listed in Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, CSA Medical Biotechnology, CSA Bioengineering, CSA Neuroscience, Current Contents/Life Sciences, Excerpta Medica, FSTA, Global Health, IndexCopernicus, Index Medicus, Kagaku Gijutsu Bunken Sokuho, MEDLINE, Рефератнвныйжурнап, Research Alert, Science Citation Index, SciSearch, Scopus, Tropical Diseases Bulletin, and many other abstracting and indexing services.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica welcomes current Original articles on all aspects of the life sciences and related areas, both experimental and clinical, from any part of the world. Reviews based primarily on authors?own research of internationally important topics are also welcome. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication" as presented at /.2 Prior or duplicate publications are not accepted. All manuscripts, especially data, must not be published or submitted for publication elsewhere. English translations of published articles are not acceptable. The authors should make a full statement on submission about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as redundant or duplicate publications of the same or very similar work.The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.…23.What is the SCI Impact Factor of Acta Pharmacological Sinica?24.What kinds of original article are welcomed by Acta Pharmacological Sinica?25.What is the website presenting the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted toBiomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication"?26.Does Acta Pharmacological Sinica accept English translations of published articles?27.What must be acknowledged if an article is accepted to be published in Acta PharmacologicalSinica?。
华科2021博士入学英语试题_及参考答案
华科2021博士入学英语试题_及参考答案华科2021博士入学英语试题及参考答案Passage 1Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities - as well as new and significant risks. Civilrights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselvesin business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontractsthat are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record theirefforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and,unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments innew plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The worldof corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons forjoint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups andminority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming-and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.11. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks. [C] propose a temporary solution to a problem. [D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm. [B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government. [D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned business es, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible4 According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have[A] been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.[B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.[C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.[D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.5 The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should[A] avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding. 【B】 concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation. [C] use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.[D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the2corporation.Passage 2Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt changethe brain. I understood some of the parallels between hyperpalatable foods and drugs of abuse, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. I'd met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how eventhe thought of food could cause them to lose control.But I wasn't fully prepared for the discoveries I made aboutirresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked! Cheetos Flamin' Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells.I was sitting at Chili's Grill & Bar in Chicago's O'Hare Airport waitingfor a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heapedwith food. The dish was described on the menu as \chicken, black beans, corn, jalape?o Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla,\and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce. Despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach.I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She heldthe egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to hermouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companion's french fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused, only a little lettuce was left.Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And shewould probably have been surprised to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were.The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percentto about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. \is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside.\The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. \. People like smoky flavor ― it's the caveman in them.\\eating something healthy.\\off the chart.\3The hot peppers, he said, \He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients that hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast extract, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar.\\yes. All of this has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast...chopped up and made ultrapalatable.... Very appealing looking, very high pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew.\By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. \it,\mouth.1. It can be inferred from the author's description of the woman eating in paragraph four that(A) The woman prefers to eat at Chili's vs. other restaurants. (B) The woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.(C) The woman's efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience. (D) The author is disgusted by the woman's consumption.(E) The author believes the woman should take a course in healthy eating.2. According to the passage, the main reason people overeat is(A) because salt and sweeteners, like corn-syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.(B) because we don't have to chew our food very much (C) because people like smoky flavor(D) because sugar, fat and salt change the brain(E) because we are used to eating quickly in this modern society 3. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT(A) salt (B) binders (C) honey (D) spinach (E) dark meat chicken4. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?(A) If you eat too much food too quickly, you'll gain weight and become unhealthy.(B) Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware of the poor food choices they're making.(C) Chili's is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today. (D) Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.(E) Refined foods, with salt, sugar, and fat hidden inside, are less nutritious and more damaging than whole foods.5. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word \ (A) pleasure (B) flamboyance (C) lethargy (D) energy (E) craftiness4Passage 3No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given.The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earthwith rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinkingcurrents under the continent. Theoretically， this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a （conveyer belt） and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge.This view may be correct： it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position ofthe continents.On the other hand， the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines， and it certainly does not occur long lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction， as the ridge is.It has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.Such a backoupling， in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it， could produce complicated and varying motionsAlso it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate betweenthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean.This plate is growing on both sides， and since there is no intermediate trench， the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them.An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate， which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle， pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic， where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas， such as the Sea of apan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor， except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods.These seas have a typical oceanic floor， except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins.The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface and seriously require explanation because， in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs， there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin， such as the Gulf of Mexico， the Black Sea，and perhaps the North5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
华中科技大学考博英语模拟题3
华中科技大学考博英语模拟题3Part ⅠClozeDirections: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 2 on the economy in at least four ways:Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 3 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and 4 of most highways the 5 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 6 for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 7 are also the responsibilities of local government.Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls. Private 8 in many ways, for the 9 of assuring that business serves the best 10 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 11 , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 12 , but limits their ability to raise prices 13 , since the public depends on their services. Often control is 14 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 15 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 16 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 18 and individuals. For example, tariffs 19 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 20 better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves,by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.1.A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.element答案：D[解答] 名词词义辨析。
博士英语模拟试题
博士英语模拟试题一、听力理解（每题1分，共20分）1. 听对话，选择正确答案：- A: What's the weather like today?- B: It's quite sunny, but it's not too hot.- 问题：What is the weather like?- A) It's very hot.- B) It's raining.- C) It's sunny.2. 听短文，选择正确答案：- In the short passage, the speaker talks about the importance of water conservation. He mentions that water is a precious resource and we should take measures to save it.- 问题：What is the speaker mainly discussing?- A) The scarcity of water.- B) The importance of water conservation.- C) How to purify water.二、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）Passage 1:In recent years, the number of students pursuing their doctorate degrees has been on the rise. This trend is attributed to the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals in various fields. However, the journey towards a Ph.D. is not an easy one, as it requires a significantamount of dedication, hard work, and time investment.Questions:1. Why is the number of students pursuing doctorate degrees increasing?A) Because of the decreasing demand for skilled professionals.B) Due to the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals.C) Because of the ease of the Ph.D. journey.2. What does the passage imply about the Ph.D. journey?A) It is an easy path.B) It requires a lot of dedication and hard work.C) It is a short-term commitment.Passage 2:The advancement in technology has revolutionized the way we communicate and share information. Social media platforms,for instance, have become an integral part of our daily lives, connecting people across the globe. However, with the rise of these platforms, concerns about privacy and data securityhave also grown.Questions:1. What has the advancement in technology led to?A) A decline in communication.B) A revolution in communication and information sharing.C) A decrease in the use of social media.2. What concerns have grown with the rise of social mediaplatforms?A) Concerns about the quality of communication.B) Concerns about privacy and data security.C) Concerns about the decline in the use of traditional media.三、词汇与结构（每题1分，共20分）1. The research team is currently _______ a new drug that could treat this disease.- A) developing- B) discovering- C) inventing2. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work _______ on schedule.- A) proceeded- B) progressed- C) continued四、写作（共30分）Task: Write an essay of about 250 words on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education."Sample Essay:The integration of technology in education has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. With the advent of digital tools and online resources, education has become more accessible and interactive. Technology provides a platformfor personalized learning, allowing students to learn attheir own pace and style. It also enables teachers to track student progress and adapt their teaching methods accordingly. However, it is crucial to ensure that the use of technologyin education is balanced with traditional teaching methods to foster a holistic learning experience. While technology can enhance learning, it should not replace the human touch andthe critical thinking skills that are nurtured through face-to-face interactions.注意：以上内容为模拟试题示例，实际考试内容可能会有所不同。