such与so的区别

与名词连用的such和so
第一部分
such和so的用法非常复杂，这里只讨论与名词连用的such和so。

形容词such和副词so 与名词连用时，它们都可以表示程度，意为“如此”、“这般”。

其用法也比较复杂，近几年高考试题中常有针对这一考点的试题。

现将其用法归纳如下：
1、这两个词都可与单数可数名词连用（这个名词前有形容词修饰），两者意思基本相同，只是不定冠词 a 的位置不同。

如：
1）Tom has such a beautiful stamp . = Tom has so beautiful a stamp .
（汤姆有如此漂亮的一张邮票。

）
2）He is such a kind man that he often help me . = He is so kind a man that he often help me .
（他真好，经常帮助我。

）
3）He is such a famous singer that everyone knows him . = He is so famous a singer that everyone knows him .
（他是个如此著名的歌唱家，经致于每个人都认识他。

）
2、如果被修饰的是不可数名词或可数名词的复数，就只能用such而不能用so 了。

如：
1）It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the park .
（天气如此好以致于我想去公园了。

）
weather 为不可数名词，前面只能用such 不能用so 。

2）They are such tall trees that nobody can climb up .
（这些树如此高以致于没人能爬上去。

）
3）I must consider all such fresh possibilities .
（我必须考虑所有的这种新的可能性。

）
以上两句中的 trees、possibilities 均为复数名词，前面也只能用 such 不能用so 。

3、如果复数名词之前有 many，few ；不可数名词之前有 much，little 等表示量多少的形容词时，就该用 so 而不用 such 了。

如：
1）He bought so many books that she couldnt carry them home .
（他买了这么多书，以致于她不能带回家了。

）
2）Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over .
（我摔了很多跤，全身被摔得青一块紫一块。

）
3）There is so little ink in my pen that I cant go on writing .
（钢笔里只有如此少的墨水，以致于我不能接着写了。

）
4）Mr White had so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together .
（怀特先生一个月挣的钱如此少，以致于难以维持活命。

）
4、但是，如果 little 不是表示数量的“少”，而是表示“小”的意思，仍要用 such 。

如：
They were such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves .
（这些孩子如此小，自己打扫不了房间。

）
第二部分
such和so两个单词的中文意思相近，学生在使用时很容易混淆。

其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，两个单词的词性不同；such为形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要用来修饰名词；例如：
No such thing has ever happened.
I have never seen such a beautiful place before.
而so是副词，意思为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要用来修饰形容词、副词和分词。

例如：
Last time I saw him he was so fat!
He was not so much angry as disappointed.
但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。

本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。

一、后接可数名词的单数形式
1、直接跟名词时，用such；例如：
However did you make such a mistake?
I have never heard of such a thing.
Why are you in such a hurry?
注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；例如：
I have no such book. (= I haven’t such a book.)
2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，例如：
I have never seen such a tall man.
I have never seen so tall a man.
He is not such a clever boy as his brother.
He is not so clever a boy as his brother.
二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，例如：
Such things often happen in our daily life.
Such people are dangerous.
Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other.
He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.
三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，例如：
Did you ever see such weather?
You can’t drink such hot milk.
She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.
四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，例如：
so many people / so many students / so few days
so much time / so much money / so little time等。

注意：上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。

试比较下列两句：
①I have met many such people in my life.
②I didn’t expect to meet so many people there.
上述两句中都有many，但却分别用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。

在①中，many和such同时修饰后面的名词；而②句中的so修饰的则是many。

五、当many、much、little、few单独作为名词使用时，用so；例如：
There are so few that I can’t give you one.
This is the girl I have told you so much about.
So much for today.
六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等词同时修饰一个名词，但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，例如：
All such possibilities must be considered.
I need some such cards.
One such dictionary is enough for me.
We have had several such Chinese paintings already.
I hope never to meet with another such accident.
用so,such或such a填空：
1：Whoever told you__thing?
2:You should not make__many mistake.
3:You should not say__things.
4:Theis picture is__beautiful that I shall hang it in my room.
5:It was__ good book that it was bought by a film company.
6:Itwas__extraordinary exhibition that I went twice.
7:He is__lazy boy that he never does anything.
1 such
2 so
3 such
4 so
5 such a
6 such a
7 such a。